CN110115203A - Cultivation acclimation method of the cold-resistant bamboo kind in high latitude Liaodong Bay Area - Google Patents
Cultivation acclimation method of the cold-resistant bamboo kind in high latitude Liaodong Bay Area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to bamboo kinds to cultivate field, and especially a kind of cold-resistant bamboo kind is formed a complete and comprehensive system for collecting real estate fees cold-resistant method, including following aspect: (1) selection in Cold exposed basic material and habitat in the cultivation acclimation method of high latitude Liaodong Bay Area using acclimatization method etc.；(2) daily monitoring and management are tamed；(3) overwinter management.Cultivation acclimation method of the invention is neither using plastic house, also unused land hot pipeline, and cultivation domestication is carried out using hydrosol day, the bamboo kind tamed by the method for the present invention adapts to local weather and soil completely, and bamboo shoot and growth can be gone out as southern bamboo, and it is with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, and maternal plant is transplanted from the provenance after domestication, it is cultivated in local other places, winter does not add covering, also it grows fine, illustrates that there are Cold resistant genes in the bamboo kind of provenance, can expand numerous.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to bamboo kind Cultivating techniques field, specific field is a kind of cold-resistant bamboo kind cultivation acclimation method.
Background technique
In recent years, in all parts of the country to have carried out the large-scale mao bamboo one after another and move northward the experiment in cultivation manually introduced a fine variety, acquirement compared with
Big achievement.When weather conditions be average annual temperature within 11 DEG C, a monthly mean temperature is negative 5.2 DEG C~2.2 DEG C, it is extremely minimum
Minus 20 DEG C or so, annual precipitation is more than 500mm, and bamboo can also be grown, and the Scattered bamboos of some better resistances, mixed raw bamboo is made to introduce a fine variety Huang
Basin to the north of river.To expand to northern warm temperate zone from the southern torrid zone, subtropical zone, prolong from overall distribution in area distribution
It reaches within 40 ° of north latitude.But the cool temperature zone (middle temperate zone) to the north of 40 ° of latitude is almost blank.If not taking special measure
And acclimatization technology, directly introduce a fine variety high latitude north cold area, then due to the inadaptable of the conditions such as temperature, humidity, soil and
It cannot survive and develop.So the Introduction of bamboo of the torrid zone, subtropical zone, even northern warm temperate zone is planted in addition to 40 ° of north latitude
Training is it is necessary to not only in domestication by low temperature technology, and the conditions cold-resistant measure integrated management such as clay fertilizer water light has breakthrough to adapt to
Northern high latitude area environment.
Liaodong Bay Area is located in the northeast in Bohai Sea Gulf, is the highest coastal strip of coastal area of china latitude.Liaodong Wan economy
Area city includes Wafangdian, Yingkou, Panjin, Jinzhou, Huludao City, Haicheng City etc..Yingkou is the key city of Liaodong Coastal Region, China, north latitude
40.56 °, other cities of Liaodong Wan all about within the scope of 40 ° to 41 ° (38 ° of Dalian City north latitude are not belonging to Liaodong Wan economic zone),
Historical low, at -35 DEG C or so, close to the North of China Bamboo growth organic growth, and develops bamboo class layout by warming up in temperature
To cool temperature zone transition starting area, not only temperature degree is lower than the bamboo growth limit here, while being distributed in a large amount of, is gently saline and alkaline in temperate zone
Soil.
In recent years, beneficial exploration and innovation had been done in bamboo kind domestication in the certain places in Liaodong Bay Area, raw through investigating winter
It deposits, some is always plastic house, and by utilizing underground heat pipeline, hydrosol day is passed the winter naturally to be rarely reported some.Therefore the north
Bamboo is developed in high latitude area becomes one important topic of agriculture and forestry scientific and technological circle.
Summary of the invention
Cultivation acclimation method the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of cold-resistant bamboo kind in high latitude Liaodong Bay Area, with solution
The problem of certainly lacking the cool temperature zone bamboo kind acclimation method to the north of 40 ° of effective latitude a kind of in the prior art.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
Liaodong Bay Area belongs to Chinse Coastal Area highest latitude, and minimum temperature and January mean temperature have exceeded bamboo
The natural growth temperature limit, thus Cold exposed mode is not suitable for weather analogue method, and should use the biggish acclimatization of difficulty
Method.So not simple bamboo kind is introduced a fine variety, the method for domesticating method formed a complete and comprehensive system for collecting real estate fees is taken, is to carry out to be first with spring
The element task of emphasis.
One, the selection in bamboo Cold exposed basic material and habitat
(1) selection of bamboo kind type
In bamboo kind type, the mixed raw type bamboo of Scattered bamboos and part is compared with bunch type, scattered type and mixed raw type bamboo root
It is more developed, that fibrous root is more, degree of lignification is high, the aerial stem of plant buries is relatively deep, whip root and bamboo shoot bud are protected very well, and spring goes out
Bamboo shoot, enter considerably older strong before the winter for the year, have very strong adaptability for the weather of severe cold.Therefore should select Scattered bamboos and
The mixed raw type bamboo kind in part is more suitable for.
(2) selection that maternal plant bamboo enables
It is enabled in selection in the bamboo of maternal plant, meets the tendency of the childhood material principles most easily shaken with heredity.It selects and one is to biennial
Most preferably, central diameter is advisable with diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 2cm to 3cm.Developmentization is slower after 3 years, and genetic mutation rate is low.Transplanting female bamboo must be with root guard soil
Ball is physically well developed with protecting bamboo whip (native diameter), fetches whip 10cm, is removed whip 20cm, while polybag wraps up the moisturizing of place soil, is used
The straw screen or mat of water spray wraps up bamboo diameter, and leaf of bamboo moisturizing is transported to introducing region and cultivated immediately.
(3) selection of maternal plant provenance
, should be flexibly with gradually principle of displacement in the selection of maternal plant provenance, the latitude area introduced a fine variety is closer to better.It is real
Proof is trampled, I introduced gold inlaid jade kind from the Jiangsu in the north of the Changjiang River before 10 years in base, just than being in Jiangnan bamboo distributed area south edge
Area will be got well, and can mitigate influence of the low temperature to introducing a fine variety, and increased to freeze and tamed successful reliability.It is directly more connect from latitude within nearly 2 years
Close Beijing, Tangshan farmer introduce some kinds of bamboos just to show cold-resistant basis stronger, can shorten to Liaodong Wan one with acclimation period
Some, this method can be described as transition domestication and gradient domestication.
(4) selection of maternal plant plant time and mode
Transplanting time of the Scattered bamboos in bamboo nature vitellarium is approximately October to next year 2 months, but in 2 month of Liaodong Bay Area
Ground is also uncivilized, and having ready conditions can also may be selected to transplant by the end of March in greenhouse gardening.Spring plant is selected, by summer, autumn rain season,
Root system full recovery, it is overwintering to be conducive to winter.The packing surface of maternal plant is 3cm-5cm lower than kind of plant hole face when plantation, by table
After soil is mixed thoroughly with organic fertilizer in backfill kind plant hole, thick 10cm releases the binder of maternal plant packing, maternal plant is put into cave, packing
Face and ground keeping parallelism, unfold whip root, and lower part and soil touch, and cubsoil layering having peace of mind is filled out after soil of then first filling in a form, makes root
System and unexpected close proximity, are watered with root water, cover one layer again after water all penetrates into soil and loosen the soil, are formed in the base fabric of bamboo bar
Semicircle mound, in one layer of straw of semicircle mound upper cover.
(5) selection in habitat
In the selection in habitat, using the good subenvironment of hydrothermal condition as the basic premise of cultivation domestication bamboo kind.Bamboo
The arctogaean realm of growth is all selection subenvironment, miniclimate starting.In fact, being leeward southern exposure, water-wet in the arctogaean realm of bamboo distribution
The good place of condition, bamboo kind is some more, bamboo grove is big, growth is also quite a lot of.It is located in 40.56 ° of Yingkou of north latitude, minimum 31 DEG C in history,
- 21 DEG C of the lowest temperature or so of nearly 11 annual, wherein -21 DEG C to there is 5 year up to -26 DEG C, Chinese bamboo at present is exceeded
The son existence growth limit.So having to the good subenvironment of hydrothermal condition in starting, make the basic of the cold-resistant bamboo kind of cultivation domestication
Premise.Milpa point selects bamboo grove, and also instead of large area is not concentrated, spot distribution.Planting site is ploughed comprehensively, is ploughed
Depth 30cm removes stone in soil, weeds, tree root, and organic fertilizer digs kind of a plant hole, plant the long 40cm of plant hole, width 40cm,
Deep 30cm；The habitat of bamboo soil needs clay fertilizer condition to adapt to bamboo growth.Liaodong Bay Area soil meta-alkalescence, needs to be transformed
With move soil, select fertile yellow soil and black sandy soil from hillside or foot of the hill side, the proportion of yellow soil and black sandy soil is 7:3, moves soil
Layer with a thickness of 40cm；Bamboo generally likes slightly sour soil, and pH value is advisable in 4.5-7, has been more than that available ferrous sulfate adjusts one
Under, soil pH value tester of being preferably subject to measurement.
Two, the bamboo that resists cold tames daily monitoring and management
Plant cold resistance be plant low temperature environment is adapted to for a long time and a kind of hereditary capacity for being formed.Plant cold resistance gene table
There is substantial connection up to external environmental condition (temperature regulation, soil fertility, hydrone management etc.) and development of plants.It creates and protects
The suitable condition that gives full expression to of card plant cold resistance, take suitable corresponding method be it is very necessary, be truly realized suitable
It should tame naturally, regulate and control domestication.
(1) inducing temperature of gradient domestication
Low temperature is important environmental stimulus signal, and the temperature that different plant cold resistances are taken exercise is variant.Autumn starts to be first
Stage induction, 10 DEG C of degree low temperature below can induce entrance, and temperate plant induces most 2 DEG C or so, the cold warm area of high latitude
Induction should be more lower.Second stage induces about in winter, and the temperature condition of the extremely low semilethal of bamboo class can obtain maximum anti-
Cold, form, development and physiology of plant etc. can all change as winter resistance changes.The survival of the fittest, weak person eliminate, warp
The many years of multi items are observed repeatedly, investigate, to evaluate the cold resistance of bamboo.If broadleaf indocalamus is since -5 DEG C MDA content
Rise, until -10 DEG C begin to decline, touches the bottom at -15 DEG C, subsequent MDA content transfers to rise, and reaches substantially at -25 DEG C
To the survival temperature of Liaodong Wan.
(2) acclimation period
Cold-resistant is genetic to be given full expression to be also required to hold and tempers certain time in low temperature, and forging determines that temperature is low, and required time is short,
Conversely, then extending.After the north plant area that the mao bamboo is moved northward generally is tamed 1 to 3 year, it is suitable for local environment, non-natural growing area
Area of high latitudes, as Liaodong Wan is generally 4 to 6 years.
(3) photoperiod
Single cryogenic conditions no doubt can induce the expression of plant cold resistance gene, and short-day is at the induction strong aspect of plant cold resistance power
With extremely important effect, but single cryogenic conditions or single use short-day cold hardiness obtained are much not as good as " low temperature+short
The effect of sunshine ".Discovery when such as to an ancient plucked stringed instrument bamboo kind progress cold acclimation, (0 DEG C to 5 DEG C) of low temperature adds short-day (8h) can induce
Stronger cold-resistant degree out, and the cold hardiness that " low temperature+long-day " is induced is very weak.Very must so adapting to setting shade and adjusting
It wants.
(4) fertility management
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer ratio is adjusted, is controlled after promoting before carrying out, the more nitrogen fertilizer applications of production period enter and lack the more phosphorus potash fertilizers of nitrogen after autumn, to bamboo
Growing way, economic flow rate and the quality and cold resistance of class plant can produce significant impact.It increases calcareous fertilisers, siliceous fertilizer and iron and rare earth is micro-
Fertilizer has the significant effect of comparison to plant cold resistance is improved.Special calcareous fertilisers are able to maintain the spy of cell on improving Cold Endurance of Bamboo
It is qualitative, cell normal function is maintained, the conduction of low-temperature signal can be promoted, induce the expression of anti-freeze gene, is thickeied in cell wall
With the attemperator of film rouge stability.Calcareous fertilisers have relaxation effect to salt damage simultaneously, can enhance bamboo root activity, with directly acting on bamboo
Moisture, Nutrient Absorption and the transmission of lower part are especially that main salt-soda soil has apparent relaxation effect with NaCl to Liaodong Wan.Rationally
To pay attention to the combination of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer in fertilising, Organic Manure on Soil structural improvement and thermal insulation property are stronger, are important to increase
Apply plant ash.Plant ash mainly becomes potassium carbonate (K2CO3).Plant ash fertilizer is because of the ashes after plant ash burning, so organic
The mineral element of object nearly all contains in plant ash.The wherein most potassium element of content generally contains potassium 6~12%, followed by
Phosphorus is both that nutrient is complete and cryoprotectant is raw also containing micro elements such as calcium, magnesium, silicon, sulphur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenums
At high-quality farmyard manure.
(5) water management
For water management in the production of bamboo class, not only it is however emphasized that keeping appropriate wet temp, but also waterlogging cannot be formed, " spring water
Morning, Xia Shuiqiao, autumn waters -- limid eyes are suitable, winter water is full " what is embodied is exactly Rational Irrigation thinking, and prevents bamboo class in the time of passing the winter
The important measures of " freezing drought ", " pumping is sent ", " draining ".In northern Liaodong Bay Area, before annual Winter Solstice, Xiang Zhuzi pours water root
It is saturated soil moisture.But it is noted that overwintering guard period does not water, until temperature in April next year is stablized at 10 DEG C, leveling is native
Ground restores watering.Overwintering plant in the fall and the cold-resistant of early winter domestication during, most apparent adaptive change first is that plant
Overground part water content reduces, and especially free water content reduces.This is because when environment temperature is at 0 DEG C or less, plant cell
The Free water in gap just starts to freeze, and the freezing point of irreducible water is -20 DEG C to -25 DEG C.So bamboo class is during Cold exposed,
Moisture content reduces, and Free water/irreducible water ratio decline has substantial connection with winter resistance.Table is tested to winter Bambusoideae
Bright, overground part water content is maintained at 65% or so, and optimum Cold Acclimation can induce maximum winter resistance.But water is too low can shadow
Ring normal plants.Appropriate water management is done, many experiments, which show that appropriateness arid and freezing are taken exercise, all can induce plant
Winter resistance enhancing.
(6) field management
1, weeding is loosened the soil.New to plant bamboo plantation, plant is sparse, but forest land is sunny, if rooting out not in time, not only consumes soil
Middle moisture and nutrient, also directly affect New bamboo growth.So weeding is preferably selected summer it should be noted that weeding is loosened the soil in new bamboo plantation
Fine day, the weeds rooted out are easy to rot.Weeds under shovel, which are laid on ground or plough under, makees fertilizer in soil, general year shovel grass 2 to 3 times.
2, Shooting stage management.For newly planting after bamboo goes out bamboo shoot, if it is excessive to go out bamboo shoot on 1 plant of female bamboo, not because of moisture, nutrient supply often
Foot, and formed and move back bamboo shoot, it cannot be at bamboo.Therefore, some weak bamboo shoot should be dug up in time, and every plant of female bamboo retains 2 to 3 healthy and strong bamboo shoots, training
Form bamboo.After Hsinchu grows up to, 1/5 top tip should be struck off, moisture evaporation can have both been reduced in this way, and improve drought-resistant ability, and can promote
Into bamboo whip root growth.Adult bamboo can then be cut out and move back bamboo shoot, small bamboo shoot, disease pest bamboo shoot, reduce female bamboo nutrient consumption, cultivate strong bamboo.
3, the maintenance of bamboo whip.Bamboo whip, which grows in the soil and extends, generally all to carry out in the soil layer above old whip, if appointing
It grows naturally, then the soil layer where bamboo whip shoals year by year, so that will affect absorption of the whip root to nutriment and moisture in soil,
It is unfavorable to bamboo strain growth.So to be carried out when cultivating and managing it is appropriate bury whip and ridging, bury the whip time, usually stop in bamboo
Bamboo shoot Shi Jinhang.When bamboo tip of a whip end is basseted, if bamboo whip it is loose, in faint yellow, in embedment in, otherwise, should quickly disposably
Cutting removes bamboo whip inferior, then is buried in the earth.The method for burying whip: whip is put into ditch by first ditching depth 30cm~40cm, wide 30cm
In, the tip of a whip is downward, first earthing 8cm~10cm, and it is slightly steady and sure, it is put into fertilizer, then blinding ridging.If jump is exposed in discovery again after burying whip
Whip, Ying Chongxin bury whip.It after burying whip, should all earth up, to promote Rhizome wood growtht, and increase earthing insulating layer, prevent from freezing
Evil occurs.
(7) hormone induction winter resistance is promoted
Applying abscisic acid (ABA) can increase bamboo class winter resistance.Mono- critical function of ABA is that raising improves the degeneration-resistant of bamboo
Property, including winter resistance.ABA can be such that permeability obtains in cold conditions by promoting moisture to convey cell membrane to blade with root
To be promoted, the content of the osmotic adjustments such as enhancing intracorporal proline of bamboo increases the stability of film.Film rouge stability is Cold exposed
The most fundamental key measure, for ABA as a kind of winter resistance regulator, no matter Nei Shi or outer, which is applied, all has the same effect.
Three, resist cold bamboo overwinter management
Cold resistance is the original hereditary capacity of bamboo, first is that the resistance to degree attribute of bamboo not only belong to it is not of the same race all have differences,
And there is also differences for subterranean root and ground branches and leaves cold-resistant degree in structure.General root cold-hartliness is stronger, Hokkaido, Japan
The northern and some also Sinobambusa bamboo classes in the Russia island Ku Er can 50 degree of north latitude or more areas grow, we are from Jiangsu Introduced also Sinobambusa
Sasa fortunei, just domestication when reach semilethal state, some aerial parts are all freezed to death, but under ground portion " seemingly-dead ", and root system is still
So survival, next year, vernally upper branches and leaves cold damage was mitigated.Second is that due to bamboo category grass tree section Bambusoideae, winter do not formed from
Layer, had both made the winter leaf of bamboo not fall leaves.To protect its safety to pass the winter, takes and the methods of detain canopy, twine bar, can also reduce root split-off
Support concentration.Some even jelly domestications are not in place, and winter does not remove canopy.The above problem more illustrates, " supports tree and first supports root, domestication is first
Tame and docile root ", principle is implemented root stump Bao Genfa.The stump mechanism of action, mainly according to trees have polarity (apical dominance
Biological nature), take the principle of " be intended to raise and first press down ".After nursery stock stump, large quantity of moisture and nutrient are drawn from soil, is transported to branch
Dry and blade.Its blade manufactures nutrient by photosynthesis, except body consumption is outer, by the nutrient of many years again under transport to root and accumulate
Get up.Reach maximum to winter root accumulation nutrient.Due to being " several years accumulation, primary violent long ", trunk not only grows high, and
And the strong root of winter resistance.It is exactly earthing fertilizing plus anti-frost protection layer after stump that so-called stump, which protects root, and method is simple and easy, specific method
It is:
1, it selects during stump, is carried out in the dormant period of bamboo, be not easy too late, to easily cause freeze injury too late, and due to supporting
Divide and be transported up, growth potential weakens significantly, influences the accumulation of root nutrient；
2, stump will be cut away from ground 2cm to 3cm root diameter, and clip is centainly smooth, avoids skin from tearing, and pull down root
Budlet, so as to nutrient concentration；
3, the cake fertilizer and night soil that impose primary larger amount of, abundant maturation after stump immediately, can also mix part
Compound fertilizer is learned, is then poured primary permeable.Stump protects root earthing time, and Liaodong Bay Area is between 10 to 20 December.With special
Overwintering one layer of covering, general earthing 20cm are carried out with soil.Just transplanting bamboo class will pile semicircle mound, in semicircle mound lid one
Layer straw, rice husk, to prevent middle plant moisture from evaporating, and play the role of cold-proof.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: cultivation acclimation method of the invention is neither using greenhouse
It covers, also unused land hot pipeline, and cultivation domestication is carried out using hydrosol day, the bamboo kind tamed by the method for the present invention is complete
It is complete to adapt to local weather and soil, and bamboo shoot and growth can be gone out as southern bamboo, and with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, and after domestication
Maternal plant is transplanted in provenance, is cultivated in local other places, winter does not add covering, grows fine yet, and illustrates provenance bamboo kind
Inside there are Cold resistant genes, can expand numerous.
Specific embodiment
The technical scheme in the embodiments of the invention will be clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described implementation
Example is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field is common
Technical staff's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work belongs to the model that the present invention protects
It encloses.
Soils in Yingkou District is located at Liaodong Wan key city, and 40.65 ° of north latitude, subzero 33 DEG C of history winter minimum temperature, nearly 11
- 21 DEG C or so of the annual lowest temperature, wherein -21 DEG C to -26 DEG C had 5 year, belong to north temperate zone Regional climatic.2005 from
Bamboo maternal plant, including gold inlaid jade bamboo, an ancient plucked stringed instrument bamboo, green bamboo are introduced a fine variety in the ground such as Jiangsu, by cultivation acclimation method of the invention in 3 places
It is tamed.Its method specifically:
(1) selection in Cold exposed basic material and habitat
1.1 bamboo kind types: the mixed raw type bamboo kind of selection Scattered bamboos and part；
1.2 maternal plant bamboos enable: to biennial, central diameter is advisable with diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 2cm to 3cm for selection one；Transplanting female bamboo must be with root guard soil
Ball fetches whip 10cm, removes whip 20cm, while polybag wraps up the moisturizing of place soil, wraps up bamboo diameter with the straw screen or mat of water spray, leaf of bamboo moisturizing,
Introducing region is transported to cultivate immediately.
1.3 maternal plant provenances: with gradually principle of displacement, transition domestication and gradient domestication are carried out；
1.4 maternal plants plant time and mode: selection is transplanted by the end of March；Select spring plant；The packing surface of maternal plant when plantation
3cm-5cm lower than kind of plant hole face, after surface soil and organic fertilizer are mixed thoroughly in backfill kind plant hole, thick 10cm releases the packet of maternal plant packing
Object is pricked, maternal plant is put into cave, packing face and ground keeping parallelism unfold whip root, and lower part and soil touch, and then first fill in a form
It is steady and sure that cubsoil layering is filled out after soil, makes root system and unexpected close proximity, is watered with root water, covers one again after water all penetrates into soil
Layer loosens the soil, and semicircle mound is formed in the base fabric of bamboo bar, in one layer of straw of semicircle mound upper cover；
The selection in 1.5 habitats: the good subenvironment of selection hydrothermal condition, milpa point select bamboo grove for spot distribution；Clay fertilizer
Condition need to adapt to bamboo growth；Cultivation place need to plough comprehensively planting site, and ploughing depth 30cm removes the stone in soil
Block, weeds, tree root, organic fertilizer dig kind of a plant hole, plant the long 40cm, width 40cm, depth 30cm of plant hole；Soil need to be transformed and be moved to soil,
Select fertile glutinous millet soil and black sandy soil, the proportion of glutinous millet soil and black sandy soil is 7:3, and shiftings the thickness of the layer is 40cm, slightly sour soil
Earth, control pH value are then adjusted with ferrous sulfate when pH is greater than 7 in 4.5-7, soil pH value tester of being subject to measurement.
(2) daily monitoring and management are tamed
The inducing temperature of 2.1 gradients domestication: autumn starts to induce for the first stage, and the cold warm area inducing temperature of high latitude is low
In 5 DEG C；About start second stage induction in winter, obtains maximum winter resistance in the temperature condition of the extremely low semilethal of bamboo class；
2.2 acclimation periods: 4 to 6 years；
2.3 photoperiods: being induced in such a way that low temperature adds short-day, and shade is according to circumstances arranged and is adjusted；
Sunshine-duration≤8h；
2.4 fertility management: adjusting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer ratio, controls after promoting before carrying out, the more nitrogen fertilizer applications of production period, and it is more to enter to lack after autumn nitrogen
Phosphorus potash fertilizer；Increase calcareous fertilisers, siliceous fertilizer and iron and RE microbial fertilizer；The combination for focusing on inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer, increases plant ash；
2.5 water managements: using the irrigation thinking of " water morning in spring, Xia Shuiqiao, autumn waters -- limid eyes are suitable, winter water is full "；When winter, overground part
Water content is maintained at 65% or so；
2.6 field management: weeding selection is in Clear Days Summer, and year shovel grass 2 to 3 times, the weeds under shoveling are laid on ground or plough under
Fertilizer is made in soil；Some weak bamboo shoot are dug up in time, and every plant of female bamboo retains 2 to 3 healthy and strong bamboo shoots, is trained bamboo.After Hsinchu grows up to, answer
Strike off 1/5 top tip；Adult bamboo, which is then cut out, moves back bamboo shoot, small bamboo shoot, disease pest bamboo shoot；It is appropriate to bury whip and ridging；The whip time is buried usually in bamboo
Son stops bamboo shoot Shi Jinhang out；When bamboo tip of a whip end is basseted, if bamboo whip it is loose, in faint yellow, be buried in the earth, otherwise, should be fast
Fast disposable cutting, removes bamboo whip inferior, then be buried in the earth.The method for burying whip is first ditching depth 30cm~40cm, wide 30cm,
Whip is put into ditch, the tip of a whip is downward, first earthing 8cm~10cm, and it is slightly steady and sure, it is put into fertilizer, then blinding ridging；If sent out after burying whip again
Now expose and jump whip, Ying Chongxin buries whip；After burying whip, it should earth up.
2.7 hormone inductions: apply abscisic acid；
(3) overwinter management: implementing stump Bao Genfa, specifically, stump selection is carried out in the dormant period of bamboo；Stump will be
It is cut away from ground 2cm to 3cm root diameter, clip is centainly smooth, avoids skin from tearing, and pull down the budlet of root；It is chased after immediately after stump
The cake fertilizer and night soil for applying primary larger amount of, abundant maturation, can also mix the chemically composited fertilizer in part, then pour primary permeable；
With special soil carry out it is overwintering covering one layer, the time between 10 to 20 December, general earthing 20cm；Just transplanting bamboo class piles
Semicircle mound, in semicircle mound lid one layer of straw, rice husk.
Bamboo kind after being tamed using this method adapts to local weather and soil completely at present, and can be with southern bamboo
Equally go out bamboo shoot and growth, and it is with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, and 2016 after domestication provenance transplant more maternal plants, planted at local other places
Training, winter do not add covering, grow fine yet, illustrate there is Cold resistant genes in the bamboo kind of provenance, can expand numerous.2014 Nian Qiancong
After gradient domestication is introduced a fine variety in Beijing, Tangshan, gold inlaid jade bamboo, propinquity bamboo, broadleaf indocalamus, rigid bamboo pass through is planted using special soil container nursery
Training, can also pass the winter safely.Expand numerous, built ornamental bamboo plantation in Liang Ge plant area, a cell, a child garden plantation at present.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
A variety of variations, modification, replacement can be carried out to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding
And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of cold-resistant bamboo kind is in the cultivation acclimation method of high latitude Liaodong Bay Area, it is characterised in that: acclimatization method is used,
Specifically includes the following steps:
(1) selection in Cold exposed basic material and habitat
1.1 bamboo kind types: the mixed raw type bamboo kind of selection Scattered bamboos and part；
1.2 maternal plant bamboos enable: to biennial, central diameter is advisable with diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 2cm to 3cm for selection one；
1.3 maternal plant provenances: the latitude area introduced a fine variety close to destination is introduced a fine variety, with gradually principle of displacement, carries out transition as far as possible
Domestication and gradient domestication；
1.4 maternal plants transplant time and mode: transplanting time of the Scattered bamboos in bamboo nature vitellarium is October to next year 2 months, such as
Fruit it is also uncivilized, have ready conditions can in greenhouse gardening, also may be selected transplant by the end of March；Select spring plant；The disk of maternal plant when plantation
Root surface is 3cm-5cm lower than kind of plant hole face, and after surface soil and organic fertilizer are mixed thoroughly in backfill kind plant hole, thick 10cm releases maternal plant disk
The binder of root, maternal plant is put into cave, and packing face and ground keeping parallelism unfold whip root, and lower part and soil touch, then
First filling in a form, it is steady and sure to fill out cubsoil layering after soil, makes root system and unexpected close proximity, is watered with root water, after water all penetrates into native again
One layer of covering is loosened the soil, and semicircle mound is formed in the base fabric of bamboo bar, in one layer of straw of semicircle mound upper cover；
The selection in 1.5 habitats: the good subenvironment of selection hydrothermal condition, milpa point select bamboo grove for spot distribution；Clay fertilizer condition
It need to adapt to bamboo growth；
(2) daily monitoring and management are tamed
The inducing temperature of 2.1 gradients domestication: autumn starts to induce for the first stage, and the cold warm area inducing temperature of high latitude is lower than 5
℃；About start second stage induction in winter, obtains maximum winter resistance in the temperature condition of the extremely low semilethal of bamboo class；
2.2 acclimation periods: the area of high latitudes of non-natural growing area is 4 to 6 years, the Cold exposed period it is long with winter resistance enhancing at
Direct ratio；
2.3 photoperiods: being induced in such a way that low temperature adds short-day, and shade is according to circumstances arranged and is adjusted；Sunshine
Time≤8h；
2.4 fertility management: adjusting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer ratio, controls after promoting before carrying out, and the more nitrogen fertilizer applications of production period enter and lack the more phosphorus of nitrogen after autumn
Potash fertilizer；Increase calcareous fertilisers, siliceous fertilizer and iron and RE microbial fertilizer；The combination for focusing on inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer, increases plant ash；
2.5 water managements: using the irrigation thinking of " water morning in spring, Xia Shuiqiao, autumn waters -- limid eyes are suitable, winter water is full "；When winter, overground part contains
Water quantity holding is 65% or so；
2.6 field management: weeding selection is in Clear Days Summer, year shovel grass 2 to 3 times；Some weak bamboo shoot are dug up in time, and every plant of female bamboo protects
2 to 3 healthy and strong bamboo shoots are stayed, bamboo is trained, after Hsinchu grows up to, 1/5 top tip should be struck off；Adult bamboo, which is then cut out, moves back bamboo shoot, small bamboo shoot, disease
Worm bamboo shoot；It is appropriate to bury whip and ridging；
2.7 hormone inductions: apply abscisic acid；
(3) overwinter management: implement stump Bao Genfa.
2. cultivation acclimation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step 1.2, transplanting female bamboo must be with shield
Root soil ball fetches whip 10cm, removes whip 20cm, while polybag wraps up the moisturizing of place soil, wraps up bamboo diameter with the straw screen or mat of water spray, the leaf of bamboo is protected
It is wet, it transports to introducing region and cultivates immediately.
3. cultivation acclimation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: in the step 1.5, cultivation place need to be to kind
It plants ground to be ploughed comprehensively, ploughing depth 30cm, stone, weeds, tree root in removing soil, organic fertilizer dig kind of a plant hole, kind
Long 40cm, width 40cm, the depth 30cm of plant hole.
4. cultivation acclimation method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: in the step 1.5, if selection Liaodong Wan salt
Alkali area, soil need to be transformed and move soil, select fertile yellow soil and black sandy soil, and the proportion of yellow soil and black sandy soil is 7:3, move
The thickness of the layer is 40cm, and slightly sour soil, pH value is advisable in 4.5-7.
5. cultivation acclimation method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: in the step 1.5, pH is greater than 7, then uses sulphur
Sour ferrous adjusting, soil pH value tester of being subject to measurement.
6. cultivation acclimation method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: in the step 2.6, the weeds under shoveling are laid on
Ground is ploughed under and makees fertilizer in soil；Burying the whip time usually stops bamboo shoot Shi Jinhang out in bamboo；When bamboo tip of a whip end is basseted, if bamboo
Whip is loose, it is faint yellow to be in, then is buried in the earth, otherwise, quickly should disposably cut off, and removes bamboo whip inferior, then be buried in the earth.
7. cultivation acclimation method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: in the step 2.6, the method for burying whip is,
Whip is put into ditch by first ditching depth 30cm~40cm, wide 30cm, and the tip of a whip is downward, first earthing 8cm~10cm, slightly steady and sure, is put into fertilizer
Material, then blinding ridging；If jump whip is exposed in discovery again after burying whip, Ying Chongxin buries whip；After burying whip, it should earth up.
8. cultivation acclimation method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: in the step 3, stump Bao Genfa is specific
For stump selects to carry out in the dormant period of bamboo；Stump will be cut away from ground 2cm to 3cm root diameter, and clip is centainly smooth, keeps away
Exempt from skin tearing, and pulls down the budlet of root；The cake fertilizer and night soil of primary larger amount of, abundant maturation are imposed after stump immediately,
The chemically composited fertilizer in part can also be mixed, is then poured primary permeable；Overwintering one layer of covering, general earthing 20cm are carried out with special soil；
Just transplanting bamboo class piles semicircle mound, in semicircle mound lid one layer of straw, rice husk.
9. cultivation acclimation method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: the stump of Liaodong Bay Area protects root earthing time
Between 10 to 20 December.
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| CN111264314A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-06-12 | 四川农业大学 | Method for improving ornamental value of ground cover bamboo terrace |
| CN114271151A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-05 | 青岛绿色硅谷科技有限公司 | Domestication method for improving cold resistance of autumn eggplant seedling pot culture by utilizing greenhouse |
| CN115250841A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-11-01 | 国际竹藤中心 | Method for cultivating green bamboos in northern greenhouse |
| CN116267579A (en) * | 2023-05-25 | 2023-06-23 | 海南伯特生态休闲农业科技有限公司 | Breeding method for creating novel germplasm with cold resistance and high resistance Wen Fengli |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111264314A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-06-12 | 四川农业大学 | Method for improving ornamental value of ground cover bamboo terrace |
| CN111264314B (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2021-10-26 | 四川农业大学 | Method for improving ornamental value of ground cover bamboo terrace |
| CN114271151A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-05 | 青岛绿色硅谷科技有限公司 | Domestication method for improving cold resistance of autumn eggplant seedling pot culture by utilizing greenhouse |
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| CN115250841A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-11-01 | 国际竹藤中心 | Method for cultivating green bamboos in northern greenhouse |
| CN116267579A (en) * | 2023-05-25 | 2023-06-23 | 海南伯特生态休闲农业科技有限公司 | Breeding method for creating novel germplasm with cold resistance and high resistance Wen Fengli |
| CN116267579B (en) * | 2023-05-25 | 2023-10-10 | 海南伯特生态休闲农业科技有限公司 | Breeding method for cultivating cold-resistant and high-temperature-resistant pineapple germplasm |
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