CN114271151B - Domestication method for improving cold resistance of autumn eggplant seedling pot culture by utilizing greenhouse - Google Patents
Domestication method for improving cold resistance of autumn eggplant seedling pot culture by utilizing greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a domestication method for improving the cold resistance of a kandelia candel seedling pot plant by utilizing a greenhouse. The domestication method has high latitude span and can be used for domesticating from Xiamen city of Fujian province with north latitude of about 24 degrees to Qingdao region of Shandong province with north latitude of about 37 degrees; the domestication method has short period, can finish domestication in a short time, can normally grow after transplantation, and has a domestication period of 2 years; the acclimation method has high survival rate, and the survival rate after the acclimation and the transplantation is 54.3-56.8%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a domestication method for improving the cold resistance of autumn eggplant seedling pot culture by using a greenhouse, belonging to the field of agriculture.
Background
Kandelia candel, kandelia candel (Linn.) Druce/Kandelia obovata, kandelia plant of the family mangrove, common varieties of mangrove forest, with pen-like fruit shape and very similar mature-followed eggplant.
The plant is a common species in the red forest of Fujian, can be distributed to Zhejiang province towards the north, can be distributed to Hainan, hong Kong and Guangzhou towards the south, and can also be distributed in southeast Asia such as India, burma and Thailand, the fruit has quite high edible value, the industrial and medicinal value of the plant is also high, the beach deposition process can be promoted, the plant can be used as a coastal protection forest with the function of land building, the dam protection function can be realized, the pollution can be purified, the river and the sea can be protected, the cold resistance of the plant is weak, the plant cannot be planted in the north, the value cannot be expanded due to the fact that the plant grows in the warmer environment of the south, the cold resistance of the plant is improved through an acclimation method, and the defect that the plant cannot be planted in the north can be solved.
CN107960261B discloses a cold-resistant domestication method for potted kandelia candel seedlings planted at high latitude, which is characterized in that the domestication is carried out in a greenhouse by using a potting method, from the domestication result, the domesticated growing environment is coastal near 30 ° north latitude, from the change of geographical position, the original growing area latitude is about 27 ° north latitude at the highest, the change is not great relative to the original growing area, the domesticated survival rate cannot be guaranteed even in a high latitude area, such as eastern coastal area around 37 ° north latitude, and the highest survival rate is only 38.9%, and the survival rate level is low.
CN110115203B discloses a method for cultivating and domesticating cold-resistant bamboo species in Bay areas in Liaodong at high latitudes, which can make bamboos grow in the high latitudes after domestication, but adopts gradient domestication, the domestication period is longer, and the domestication time in the high latitudes of non-natural planting areas is 4-6 years.
In summary, the prior art has the following disadvantages:
(1) The existing domestication method, short domestication period, has poor cold resistance, low latitude span and low survival rate;
(2) The existing domestication method has high latitude span, large temperature difference between regions and long domestication time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects in the prior art, and realizes the following purposes by controlling domestication conditions in greenhouse temperature control, soil, water source and other modes:
(1) The domestication method has short domestication period, good cold resistance after domestication, high latitude span and high survival rate;
(2) The acclimatization method has the advantages of high latitude span, large temperature difference between regions and short acclimatization time.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a domestication method for improving the cold resistance of a Kandelia candel seedling pot culture by using a greenhouse comprises the steps of plant selection, pot culture and domestication.
The following is a further improvement of the above technical scheme:
the plant is selected, and Kandelia candel seedlings with good morphology and vigorous plant height of 18-22cm are selected.
In the pot culture, seedling hardening is carried out on Kandelia candel seedlings in April, the seedling hardening temperature is 19-21 ℃, the illumination intensity is 1000-1300LUX, the illumination is 4-6h every day, the seedling hardening humidity is 55-65%, the Kandelia candel seedlings are transplanted into a pot after seedling hardening, the root parts in the pot are covered with sandy soil of an origin, meanwhile, 50% of leaves of the whole seedlings are cut off, wounds of the leaves are cut off and coated with nutrient solution and wrapped by a plastic film, the reserved leaves are sprayed with seawater of the origin to preserve moisture, and the leaves are transplanted into the pot and then transported to a greenhouse near a coastal beach of a transplanting area.
The domestication comprises a first stage domestication, a second stage domestication, a third stage domestication, a fourth stage domestication, a fifth stage domestication, a sixth stage domestication and a seventh stage domestication;
the first stage domestication is carried out for 4-6 months in the first year, the greenhouse temperature control simulates the growing temperature of the original place and the illumination time, the watering adopts the mixed water of local seawater and fresh water for watering, and the watering keeps the soil water content at 28-30%;
the mass ratio of seawater in the mixed water is 45-55%.
And (3) domestication in the second stage, wherein in the first year of 7-9 months, the greenhouse temperature is controlled to be 10:00 is controlled at 29-31 ℃, and the temperature is controlled at 22:00 ℃ of 21-23 ℃, ventilating in other time, irrigating by using local seawater and fresh water mixed water during watering, keeping the water content of soil at 28-30%, and replacing 15-25% of the soil in the basin with local beach soil after the acclimation stage;
the mass ratio of seawater in the mixed water is 55-65%.
And (3) in the third stage of domestication, spraying an antifreeze inducer to the autumn eggplant seedlings 10-12 months and 10 months and 30 days in the first year, wherein the spraying amount of the antifreeze inducer is 9-11 kg/mu of the antifreeze inducer diluted to 200 times of the solution, the antifreeze inducer is sprayed once every 20 days, and is sprayed for three times, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 10-00: 00 temperature of 21-23 ℃, controlling the temperature of 22:00 ℃ of 15-17 ℃ and 18-20 ℃ of the rest of time, during which the watering is carried out by adopting local seawater and fresh water mixed water to maintain the water content of the soil at 28-30%, and after the acclimation stage, the soil with the mass of 35-45% in the basin is replaced by local beach soil;
the anti-freezing inducer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2-4 parts of algal polysaccharide, 4-6 parts of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 2-4 parts of choline chloride, 3-5 parts of urea, 1.5-2.5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.8-1.2 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.8-1.2 parts of manganese sulfate, 1.5-2.5 parts of magnesium stearate and 18-22 parts of water.
The mass percentage of the seawater in the mixed water is 65-75%.
The fourth stage of acclimatization, wherein in the first ten days of the first month, the temperature in two time periods of the second year, namely the temperature in 9-9 and 14-00;
the mass ratio of seawater in the mixed water is 75-85%.
The fifth stage domestication is carried out in 4-6 months in the second year, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 10: the 00 temperature is 20-22 ℃, and the ratio of the 00 temperature to the 5 temperature is controlled in a range of 22:00 ℃ of 15-17 ℃, ventilating in other time, watering by using local seawater and fresh water mixed water during watering, keeping the water content of the soil at 28-30%, and replacing 75-85% of the soil in the pot with local beach soil after the acclimation stage;
the mass ratio of seawater in the mixed water is 75-85%.
The sixth stage of domestication is carried out in 7-9 months in the second year, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 12:00 ℃ of 30-32 ℃ and 29-31 ℃ of the rest time, wherein local seawater is adopted for watering during the period, the water content of the soil is kept at 28-30%, and the acclimation stage is finished and transplanted to local beach soil in the greenhouse.
The seventh stage of domestication, wherein in the second year, the month is 10-12, and in the month of 10, the greenhouse temperature is controlled to be 12:00 ℃ is 22-24 ℃, ventilation is carried out in the rest time, and in 11 months, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 12:00 ℃ is 14-16 ℃, ventilation is carried out in the rest time, and in 12 months, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 12:00 ℃ of 9-11 ℃, ventilating for the rest of time, watering by using local seawater during the period, watering to keep the water content of the soil to be 28-30%, and spraying the protective solution to the plants for 15 # per month in the period, wherein the using amount of the protective solution is 6.5-7.5kg of the protective solution diluted to 100 times of the protective solution per mu each time;
the protective solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1.8-2.2 parts of indolebutyric acid, 0.8-1.2 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 1.8-2.2 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.8-1.2 parts of ferric EDTA, 0.8-1.2 parts of manganese EDTA, 1.8-2.2 parts of mushroom proteoglycan, 2.5-3.5 parts of borax, 1.8-2.2 parts of sodium stearate and 45-55 parts of water;
and in the third year for 1-3 months, temperature control is not performed in the greenhouse, and No. 15 of every month is sprayed with a commercially available antifreezing nutrient solution, wherein the spraying method is a conventional method, and the dosage is the conventional dosage.
Transplanting after the domestication, and transplanting the rooting soil to the coastal mudflat in 4 months in the third year on the premise of ensuring that the root system is not damaged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the domestication method has high latitude span, and can be used for domesticating from Fujia province Xiamen city with north latitude of about 24 degrees to Shandong province Qingdao region with north latitude of about 37 degrees;
the domestication method has short period, domestication can be completed in short time, and the domestication method can normally grow after transplantation, wherein the domestication period is 2 years;
the domestication method of the invention has high survival rate, and the survival rate after the domestication and the transplantation is 54.3-56.8%.
The domestication method of the invention has the advantages that each item of the domesticated Kandelia candel is normal, the plant height after the domestication is about 54-56cm, the soluble protein content of the leaves is 0.10-0.11g/L, and the soluble sugar content of the leaves is 41.05-41.38mg/g.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) Plant selection
The Kandelia candel seedlings with good morphology and vigorous plant height of about 20cm are taken from the coastal areas of Fujian mansion, the genetic variation rate of the genes is ensured, the selected morphology is small and is not favorable for survival, and the selected morphology is large, the genetic variation rate is poor and is not favorable for domestication.
(2) Potted plant
Selecting proper kandelia candel seedlings in spring of April for hardening seedlings, wherein the hardening temperature is 20 ℃, the illumination intensity is 1200LUX, the illumination is 5 hours every day, the hardening humidity is 60%, digging out and transplanting the seedlings into a pottery clay pot, ensuring the integrity of the root system during transplanting, not damaging the root system, covering the root part of the seedlings into sandy soil of an original producing area, cutting 50% of blades of the whole seedlings, cutting off the wounds of the blades, coating nutrient solution and wrapping the wounds with a plastic film, spraying the reserved blades with a water source of the original producing area, namely seawater, preserving moisture, transplanting the leaves into the pot, and transporting the leaves to a greenhouse near the coastal mudflat of the Qingdao area.
(3) Domestication
a. First stage acclimatization
In the first year for 4-6 months, the greenhouse controls the temperature to simulate the growth temperature of the original place, a sunshade curtain and a fluorescent lamp are used for simulating the illumination duration of the original place, and during the period, local seawater and fresh water mixed water is adopted for irrigation, and the water content of soil is kept at 29 percent by irrigation;
the mass ratio of the seawater in the mixed water is 50%.
b. Second stage acclimatization
In the first year, in 7-9 months, the greenhouse temperature is controlled by 10:00 is 30 ℃, and 22:00 ℃ of 22 ℃ and ventilation in other time, wherein during watering, local seawater and fresh water mixed water is adopted for watering, the water content of the soil is maintained to be 29%, and 20% of the soil in the clay pot is changed into local mud flat soil along with the enlargement of a root system after the domestication stage is ended;
the mass of the seawater in the mixed water accounts for 60 percent.
c. Third stage acclimatization
Spraying an antifreeze inducer to the Kandelia candel seedlings 10-12 months and 10 months and 30 days in the first year, wherein the spraying amount of the antifreeze inducer is 10 kg/mu and is diluted to 200 times of the antifreeze inducer, the antifreeze inducer is sprayed once every 20 days and is sprayed for three times, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 10-00: the 00 temperature is 22 ℃, and the ratio of the 00 temperature to the 5 temperature is controlled in a range of 22: when the temperature 00 is 16 ℃ and the temperature is controlled to be 19 ℃ in the rest time, local seawater and fresh water mixed water is adopted for watering during the period, the water content of the soil is maintained to be 29 percent by watering, and when the acclimatization stage is ended, the soil with the quality of 40 percent of the soil in the clay pot is replaced by local beach soil along with the expansion of a root system;
the anti-freezing inducer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3 parts of algal polysaccharide, 5 parts of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 3 parts of choline chloride, 4 parts of urea, 2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 1 part of manganese sulfate, 2 parts of magnesium stearate and 20 parts of water.
The mass ratio of the seawater in the mixed water is 70%.
d. Fourth stage acclimatization
In the second year, 1-3 months, which is a key stage of the domestication of the autumn eggplant, the low-temperature environmental treatment is carried out on the autumn eggplant, in the ten days before 1 month, the temperature in two time periods of each day, namely, 9-9;
the mass of the seawater in the mixed water accounts for 80 percent.
e. Fifth stage acclimatization
In the second year, in 4-6 months, controlling the greenhouse temperature by 10:00 temperature of 21 ℃, controlling the temperature of 22:00 ℃ is 16 ℃, ventilation is carried out in other time, during watering, local seawater and fresh water mixed water is adopted for watering, the water content of the soil is maintained to be 29%, and when the domestication stage is finished, soil with the mass of 80% of the soil in the clay pot is replaced by local beach soil along with the expansion of a root system;
the mass of the seawater in the mixed water accounts for 80 percent.
f. Acclimatization in sixth stage
In 7-9 months in the second year, controlling the temperature of the greenhouse to be 12:00 ℃ of 31 ℃ and the temperature of 30 ℃ in the rest time, during the period, local seawater is adopted for watering, the water content of the soil is kept to be 29%, the pot is abandoned along with the enlargement of the root system after the acclimation stage is ended, the soil is transplanted to the local beach soil in the greenhouse, and the soil contacted with the root is the local beach soil at the moment.
g. Acclimatization of the seventh stage
In the next year, in 10-12 months, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled by 12-00: 00 ℃ is 23 ℃, ventilation is carried out in the rest time, and in 11 months, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 12-00: the 00 ℃ is 15 ℃, ventilation is carried out in the rest time, and in 12 months, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 12:00 ℃ of 10 ℃, ventilating in other time, watering by using local seawater during the period, watering to keep the water content of the soil to be 29%, and spraying the protective solution to the plants once in the middle ten days of the month at the stage, wherein the using amount of the protective solution is 7kg per mu and is diluted to 100 times of the solution;
the protective solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2 parts of indolebutyric acid, 1 part of naphthylacetic acid, 2 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 1 part of EDTA iron, 1 part of EDTA manganese, 2 parts of mushroom proteoglycan, 3 parts of borax, 2 parts of sodium stearate and 50 parts of water;
the preparation method of the protective solution comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the indolebutyric acid, the naphthylacetic acid, the carboxymethyl cellulose, the EDTA iron, the EDTA manganese, the mushroom proteoglycan, the borax, the sodium stearate and the water in specified parts to obtain the protective solution;
in 1-3 months in the third year, the temperature in the greenhouse is not controlled, and the antifreezing nutrient solution is only sprayed in the middle of each month, wherein the spraying method is a conventional method and the dosage is the conventional dosage.
(4) Transplanting after domestication
After the acclimation is completed, transplanting the rhizosphere-bearing soil to the coastal mudflat in the third year in 4 months under the premise of ensuring that the root system is not damaged, wherein 56.8 percent of the Kandelia candel can normally grow in the mudflat after transplanting.
The domestication method of example 1 has a high latitude span, and can be domesticated from Xiamen city of Fujian province at about 24 degrees north latitude to Qingdao region of Shandong province at about 37 degrees north latitude;
the domestication method of the embodiment 1 has a short period, domestication can be completed in a short time, and the domestication period is 2 years;
the acclimation method of example 1 has high survival rate, and the survival rate after acclimation and transplantation is 56.8%.
Each item of the Kandelia candel domesticated by the domestication method in the embodiment 1 is normal, the plant height after domestication is about 56cm, the soluble protein content of leaves is 0.11g/L, and the soluble sugar content of the leaves is 41.38mg/g.
Example 2
(1) Plant selection
The Kandelia candel seedlings with good morphology and vigorous plant height of about 19cm are taken from the coastal areas of Fujian mansion, the genetic variation rate of the genes is ensured, the selected morphology is small and is not favorable for survival, and the selected morphology is large, the genetic variation rate is poor and is not favorable for domestication.
(2) Potted plant
Selecting proper kandelia candel seedlings in spring of April for hardening seedlings, wherein the hardening temperature is 19 ℃, the illumination intensity is 1000LUX, the illumination is 6 hours every day, the hardening humidity is 55%, digging out and transplanting the seedlings into a pottery clay pot, ensuring the integrity of the root system during transplanting, not damaging the root system, covering soil at the root part into a pot to be original producing area sandy soil, cutting off 40% leaves of the whole seedlings, cutting off the wounds of the leaves, coating nutrient solution and wrapping the wounds with a plastic film, spraying the reserved leaves with original producing area water source namely seawater for moisturizing, and transporting the leaves into a greenhouse nearby the coastal mudflat of the Qingdao area after transplanting the leaves into the pot.
(3) Domestication
a. First stage acclimatization
In the first year for 4-6 months, the greenhouse controls the temperature to simulate the growth temperature of the original place, a sunshade curtain and a fluorescent lamp are used for simulating the illumination duration of the original place, and during the period, local seawater and fresh water mixed water is adopted for watering, and the water content of soil is kept at 28% by watering;
the mass percentage of the seawater in the mixed water is 45%.
b. Second stage acclimatization
In the first year, in 7-9 months, the greenhouse temperature is controlled by 10:00 is 29 ℃, and 22:00 ℃ of 21 ℃, ventilating the other time, irrigating by using local seawater and fresh water mixed water during the watering, keeping the water content of the soil at 28%, and changing 15% of the soil in the argil pot into local beach soil along with the expansion of a root system when the acclimation stage is ended;
the mass percentage of the seawater in the mixed water is 55%.
c. Third stage acclimatization
Spraying an antifreeze inducer to the Kandelia candel seedlings 10-12 months and 10 months and 30 days in the first year, wherein the spraying amount of the antifreeze inducer is 9 kg/mu of antifreeze inducer diluted to 200 times of liquid, the antifreeze inducer is sprayed once every 20 days and is sprayed for three times, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 10-00: 00 temperature of 21 ℃, controlling the temperature of 22:00 ℃ of 15 ℃ and the rest of time of 18 ℃, during which the local seawater and fresh water mixed water is adopted for watering, the water content of the soil is kept at 28%, and after the acclimation stage is finished, the soil with the quality of 35% of the soil in the clay pot is replaced by the local beach soil along with the expansion of the root system;
the anti-freezing inducer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2 parts of algal polysaccharide, 4 parts of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 2 parts of choline chloride, 3 parts of urea, 1.5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.8 part of zinc sulfate, 0.8 part of manganese sulfate, 1.5 parts of magnesium stearate and 18 parts of water.
The mass of seawater in the mixed water accounts for 65 percent.
d. Acclimatization of fourth stage
In the second year, 1-3 months, which is a key stage of the domestication of the autumn eggplant, the low-temperature environmental treatment is carried out on the autumn eggplant, in the ten days before 1 month, the temperature in two time periods of each day, namely, 9-9;
the mass percentage of the seawater in the mixed water is 75%.
e. Fifth stage acclimatization
In the second year, in 4-6 months, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 10:00 is 20 ℃, and the temperature is controlled to be between 22 and 00: 00 ℃ of 15 ℃, ventilating the rest of the time, watering by using local seawater and fresh water mixed water during the watering period, keeping the water content of the soil at 28%, and replacing 75% of the soil in the pot with local beach soil along with the enlargement of the root system after the domestication period is finished;
the mass percentage of the seawater in the mixed water is 75%.
f. Acclimatization in sixth stage
In 7-9 months in the second year, controlling the greenhouse temperature by 12: and 00 ℃ of 30 ℃ and the rest of time, controlling the temperature to be 29 ℃, watering by using local seawater during the period, watering to keep the water content of the soil to be 28%, removing the clay pot along with the enlargement of the root system after the acclimatization stage is ended, transplanting the soil to the local beach soil in the greenhouse, wherein the root contact soil is all the local beach soil.
g. Acclimatization at the seventh stage
In the next year, in the month 10-12, the temperature of the greenhouse in the month 10 is controlled by 12:00 ℃ is 22 ℃, ventilation is carried out in the rest time, and in 11 months, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled by 12-00: 00 ℃ is 14 ℃, ventilation is carried out in the rest time, and in 12 months, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 12:00 ℃ of 9 ℃, ventilating in other time, watering by using local seawater during the period, watering to keep the water content of the soil to be 28%, and spraying the protection solution to the plants once in the middle ten days of the month at the stage, wherein the using amount of the protection solution is 6.5kg per mu and is diluted to 100 times of the protection solution;
the protective solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1.8 parts of indolebutyric acid, 0.8 part of naphthylacetic acid, 1.8 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.8 part of EDTA iron, 0.8 part of EDTA manganese, 1.8 parts of mushroom proteoglycan, 2.5 parts of borax, 1.8 parts of sodium stearate and 45 parts of water;
the preparation method of the protective solution comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the indolebutyric acid, the naphthylacetic acid, the carboxymethyl cellulose, the EDTA iron, the EDTA manganese, the mushroom proteoglycan, the borax, the sodium stearate and the water in specified parts to obtain the protective solution;
in 1-3 months in the third year, the temperature in the greenhouse is not controlled, and the antifreezing nutrient solution is only sprayed in the middle of each month, wherein the spraying method is a conventional method and the dosage is the conventional dosage.
(4) Transplanting after domestication
After the acclimation is completed, transplanting the rhizosphere-bearing soil to the coastal mudflat in the third year in 4 months under the premise of ensuring that the root system is not damaged, wherein 54.3 percent of the Kandelia candel can normally grow in the mudflat after transplanting.
The domestication method of example 2 has a high latitude span, and can be domesticated from Xiamen city of Fujian province at about 24 degrees north latitude to Qingdao region of Shandong province at about 37 degrees north latitude;
the domestication method of the embodiment 2 has a short period, domestication can be completed in a short time, and the domestication period is 2 years;
the acclimation method of example 2 has a high survival rate, and the survival rate after acclimation and transplantation is 54.3%.
Each item of the Kandelia candel domesticated by the domestication method in the embodiment 2 is normal, the plant height after domestication is about 54cm, the soluble protein content of leaves is 0.10g/L, and the soluble sugar content of the leaves is 41.05mg/g.
Example 3
(1) Plant selection
The Kandelia candel seedlings with good morphology and vigorous plant height of about 22cm are taken from the coastal areas of Fujian mansion, the genetic variation rate of the genes is ensured, the selected morphology is small and is not favorable for survival, and the selected morphology is large, the genetic variation rate is poor and is not favorable for domestication.
(2) Potted plant
Selecting proper kandelia candel seedlings in spring of April for hardening seedlings, wherein the hardening temperature is 21 ℃, the illumination intensity is 1300LUX, the illumination is 4 hours every day, the hardening humidity is 65%, digging out and transplanting the seedlings into a pottery clay pot, ensuring the integrity of the root system during transplanting, not damaging the root system, covering the root part of the seedlings into sandy soil of an original producing area, cutting 60% of blades of the whole seedlings, cutting off the wounds of the blades, coating nutrient solution and wrapping the wounds with a plastic film, spraying the reserved blades with a water source of the original producing area, namely seawater, preserving moisture, transplanting the leaves into the pot, and transporting the leaves to a greenhouse near the coastal mudflat of the Qingdao area.
(3) Domestication
a. First stage acclimatization
In the first year for 4-6 months, the greenhouse controls the temperature to simulate the growth temperature of the original place, a sunshade curtain and a fluorescent lamp are used for simulating the illumination duration of the original place, and during the period, local seawater and fresh water mixed water is adopted for irrigation, and the water content of soil is kept at 30% by irrigation;
the mass percentage of the seawater in the mixed water is 55%.
b. Second stage acclimatization
In the first year, in 7-9 months, the greenhouse temperature is controlled by 10:00 temperature is 31 ℃, and 22:00 ℃ is 23 ℃, ventilation is carried out in the rest time, local seawater and fresh water mixed water is adopted for watering during the watering, the water content of the soil is maintained to be 30% by watering, and 25% of the soil in the clay pot is changed into local mud flat soil along with the enlargement of a root system when the domestication stage is finished;
the mass percentage of the seawater in the mixed water is 65%.
c. Third stage acclimatization
Spraying an antifreeze inducer to the Kandelia candel seedlings 10-12 months and 10 months and 30 days in the first year, wherein the spraying amount of the antifreeze inducer is 11 kg/mu of antifreeze inducer diluted to 200 times of liquid, the antifreeze inducer is sprayed once every 20 days, and is sprayed for three times in total, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 10-00: 00 temperature 23 ℃, controlling the temperature of 22: when the temperature 00 is 17 ℃ and the temperature is controlled to be 20 ℃ in the rest time, local seawater and fresh water mixed water is adopted for watering during the period, the water content of the soil is maintained to be 30% by watering, and when the acclimatization stage is ended, 45% of the soil in the clay pot is replaced by local beach soil along with the expansion of the root system;
the anti-freezing inducer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4 parts of algal polysaccharide, 6 parts of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 4 parts of choline chloride, 5 parts of urea, 2.5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1.2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1.2 parts of manganese sulfate, 2.5 parts of magnesium stearate and 22 parts of water.
The mass percentage of the seawater in the mixed water is 75%.
d. Fourth stage acclimatization
In the following year 1-3 months, which is a key stage of domestication of the aubergines, the aubergines are subjected to low-temperature environmental treatment, within ten days before 1 month, the temperature in two time periods of each day, namely, 9-9;
the mass percentage of the seawater in the mixed water is 85%.
e. Fifth stage acclimatization
In the second year, in 4-6 months, controlling the greenhouse temperature by 10:00 is 22 ℃, and the temperature is controlled to be between 22 and 00: 00 ℃ is 17 ℃, ventilation is carried out in the rest time, local seawater and fresh water mixed water is adopted for watering during the watering, the water content of the soil is maintained to be 30% by watering, and 85% of the soil in the clay pot is changed into local mud flat soil along with the enlargement of a root system when the domestication stage is finished;
the mass percentage of the seawater in the mixed water is 85%.
f. Acclimatization of the sixth stage
In 7-9 months in the second year, controlling the greenhouse temperature by 12:00 ℃ of 32 ℃ and 31 ℃ of other time, during which local seawater is adopted for watering, the water content of the soil is kept at 30%, the domestication stage is ended, meanwhile, the pot is removed along with the expansion of the root system, the soil is transplanted to the local beach soil in the greenhouse, and at the moment, the soil contacted with the root is all the local beach soil.
g. Acclimatization at the seventh stage
In the next year, in the month 10-12, the temperature of the greenhouse in the month 10 is controlled by 12:00 ℃ is 24 ℃, ventilation is carried out in the rest time, and in 11 months, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 12-00: 00 ℃ is 16 ℃, ventilation is carried out in the rest time, and in 12 months, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 12:00 ℃ of 11 ℃, ventilating in other time, watering by using local seawater during the period, watering to keep the water content of the soil to be 30%, and spraying the protective solution to the plants once in the middle ten days of the month at the stage, wherein the using amount of the protective solution is 7.5kg per mu and is diluted to 100 times of the solution;
the protective solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2.2 parts of indolebutyric acid, 1.2 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 2.2 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 1.2 parts of EDTA iron, 1.2 parts of EDTA manganese, 2.2 parts of mushroom proteoglycan, 3.5 parts of borax, 2.2 parts of sodium stearate and 55 parts of water;
the preparation method of the protective solution comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the indolebutyric acid, the naphthylacetic acid, the carboxymethyl cellulose, the EDTA iron, the EDTA manganese, the mushroom proteoglycan, the borax, the sodium stearate and the water in specified parts to obtain the protective solution;
and in 1-3 months in the third year, temperature control is not performed in the greenhouse, and only the antifreezing nutrient solution is sprayed in the middle ten days of the month, wherein the spraying method is a conventional method and the dosage is conventional.
(4) Transplanting after domestication
After the acclimation is completed, transplanting the rhizosphere soil to the coastal mudflat in 4 months in the third year under the premise of ensuring that the root system is not damaged, wherein 55.1 percent of the Kandelia candel can normally grow in the mudflat after transplanting.
The domestication method of example 3 has a high latitude span, and can be domesticated from Xiamen city, fujian province, at about 24 degrees north latitude, to Qingdao region, shandong province, at about 37 degrees north latitude;
the domestication method of the embodiment 3 has a short period, domestication can be completed in a short time, and the domestication period is 2 years;
the acclimation method of example 3 has a high survival rate, which is 55.1% after the acclimation and transplantation.
Each item of the Kandelia candel domesticated by the domestication method in the embodiment 3 is normal, the plant height after domestication is about 56cm, the soluble protein content of leaves is 0.10g/L, and the soluble sugar content of the leaves is 41.22mg/g.
Claims (2)
1. A domestication method for improving the cold resistance of a kandelia candel seedling pot culture by utilizing a greenhouse is characterized by comprising the steps of plant selection, pot culture, domestication, transplanting after domestication;
selecting the plants, namely selecting Kandelia candel seedlings with good shapes and vigorous growth and plant heights of 18-22 cm;
in the pot culture, seedling hardening is carried out on Kandelia candel seedlings in April, the seedling hardening temperature is 19-21 ℃, the illumination intensity is 1000-1300LUX, the illumination is 4-6h every day, the seedling hardening humidity is 55-65%, the Kandelia candel seedlings are transplanted into a pot after seedling hardening, sandy soil of an original production place is covered in the pot, meanwhile, 40-60% of leaves of the whole seedlings are cut off, wounds of the leaves are cut off and coated with nutrient solution and wrapped by a plastic film, the reserved leaves are sprayed with seawater of the original production place for moisturizing, and the leaves are transported to a greenhouse near a coastal mud flat of a transplanting area after being transplanted into the pot;
the domestication comprises a first stage domestication, a second stage domestication, a third stage domestication, a fourth stage domestication, a fifth stage domestication, a sixth stage domestication and a seventh stage domestication;
the first stage domestication is carried out for 4-6 months in the first year, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to simulate the growth temperature of the original place and the illumination time, the local seawater and fresh water mixed water is adopted for watering, and the water content of the soil is maintained to be 28-30% by watering;
the mass ratio of seawater in the mixed water domesticated in the first stage is 45-55%;
and (3) domestication in the second stage, wherein in the first year of 7-9 months, the greenhouse temperature is controlled to be 10: the 00 temperature is 29-31 ℃, and the ratio of the 00 temperature to the 5 temperature is controlled in a range of 22:00 ℃ of 21-23 ℃, ventilating in other time, irrigating by using local seawater and fresh water mixed water during watering, keeping the water content of soil at 28-30%, and replacing 15-25% of the soil in the basin with local beach soil after the acclimation stage;
the mass ratio of seawater in the mixed water domesticated in the second stage is 55-65%;
and (3) in the third stage of domestication, spraying an antifreeze inducer to the autumn eggplant seedlings 10-12 months and 10 months and 30 days in the first year, wherein the spraying amount of the antifreeze inducer is 9-11 kg/mu of the antifreeze inducer diluted to 200 times of the solution, the antifreeze inducer is sprayed once every 20 days, and is sprayed for three times, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 10-00: the 00 temperature is 21-23 ℃, and the ratio of the 00 temperature to the 5 temperature is controlled in a range of 22:00 ℃ of 15-17 ℃ and 18-20 ℃ of other time, during which watering is carried out by adopting local seawater and fresh water mixed water to maintain the water content of the soil at 28-30%, and after the acclimation stage, 35-45% of the soil in the basin is replaced by local beach soil;
the anti-freezing inducer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2-4 parts of algal polysaccharide, 4-6 parts of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 2-4 parts of choline chloride, 3-5 parts of urea, 1.5-2.5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.8-1.2 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.8-1.2 parts of manganese sulfate, 1.5-2.5 parts of magnesium stearate and 18-22 parts of water;
the mass of the seawater in the mixed water domesticated in the third stage is 65-75%;
the fourth stage of acclimatization, wherein in the ten days before 1 month, in the second year, the temperature in two time periods of 9-00-9 ℃ and 14;
the mass ratio of seawater in the mixed water domesticated at the fourth stage is 75-85%;
the fifth stage domestication is carried out in 4-6 months in the second year, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 10:00 is controlled at 20-22 ℃, and the temperature is controlled at 22:00 ℃ of 15-17 ℃, ventilating the water for the rest of time, irrigating by using local seawater and fresh water mixed water during the watering period, keeping the water content of the soil at 28-30%, and replacing 75-85% of the soil in the basin by local beach soil after the acclimation period is finished;
the mass ratio of seawater in the mixed water domesticated in the fifth stage is 75-85%;
the sixth stage of domestication is carried out in 7-9 months in the second year, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 12:00 ℃ of 30-32 ℃ and the rest time of 29-31 ℃, local seawater is adopted for watering during the period, the water content of the soil is maintained to be 28-30%, and the acclimation stage is finished and transplanted to local beach soil in the greenhouse;
the seventh stage domestication is carried out in 10-12 months in the second year, and the temperature of the greenhouse in 10 months is controlled by 12:00 ℃ is 22-24 ℃, ventilation is carried out in the rest time, and in 11 months, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 12:00 ℃ is 14-16 ℃, ventilation is carried out in the rest time, and in 12 months, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 12:00 ℃ of 9-11 ℃, ventilating for the rest of time, watering by using local seawater during the period, watering to keep the water content of the soil at 28-30%, and spraying the protection solution to the plants 15 times a month in the period, wherein the using amount of the protection solution is 6.5-7.5kg of the protection solution diluted to 100 times the amount of the protection solution per mu each time;
the protective solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1.8-2.2 parts of indolebutyric acid, 0.8-1.2 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 1.8-2.2 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.8-1.2 parts of ferric EDTA, 0.8-1.2 parts of manganese EDTA, 1.8-2.2 parts of mushroom proteoglycan, 2.5-3.5 parts of borax, 1.8-2.2 parts of sodium stearate and 45-55 parts of water;
and in the third year for 1-3 months, temperature control is not performed in the greenhouse, and No. 15 spraying antifreezing nutrient solution every month.
2. The domestication method for improving the cold tolerance of the autumn eggplant seedling pot culture by using the greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
transplanting after the domestication, and transplanting the rooting soil to the coastal mudflat in 4 months in the third year on the premise of ensuring that the root system is not damaged.
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