CN104429782A - Method for salicaceae seedling culture in drought regions - Google Patents
Method for salicaceae seedling culture in drought regions Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for salicaceae seedling culture in drought regions. The method mainly includes the processes of sand bed preparation, branch burying, water spraying, suckering and management after suckering, and is characterized by including burying branches in a sand bed, cutting off the branches into independent seedling individuals after the branches sprout, and culturing the seedling individuals into seedlings under certain water and fertilizer conditions. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the microenvironment is constructed by sprinkling irrigation for batch seedling culture, and cultured plantlets are strong and uniform and consistent in size without treatment with rooting agent or rooting powder; however, plants have two or three more roots than plantlets cultured by the salicaceae micro-implant reproduction and seedling culture technique, thereby being strong in growth vigour; particularly, reproduction coefficient is high and generally more than eight times of that of conventional seedling culture by cutting, degree of intensiveness is high, manpower and material resources are saved, and emergence rate per unit area is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for a kind of bamboo willow nursery, particularly the method for a kind of arid area bamboo willow seedling grow.
Background technology
Bamboo willow is a kind of new hybridization of willows kind, and through seed selection for many years and domestication, its form, side shoot, dense planting is similar with bamboo, so be named as bamboo willow.
Bamboo willow, on the basis inheriting traditional willow kind many merits, further increases fast grow and the resistance of these seeds.Bamboo willow is of many uses, is often used as cycle industrial material forest, big-diameter wood, street tree, afforestation, field safeguarding forest.
Mostly belong to arid or semiarid zone, particularly Xinjiang region in western part, due to special physical geographic environment, run into some problems in introducing a fine variety, the fast grow of bamboo willow does not fully show.
As the surrounding area, Takla Makan Desert in Xinjiang, sunshine time is long, and temperature is high, cold summer heat, day and night temperature is large, windy and xeothermic, frost-free season is long, in the process of cultivating bamboo Liu Miao, meet the erosion of high temperature, dry-hot wind, the top cuttings that the cutting of bamboo willow skewer is appeared there will be withered fast, spreads to below ground gradually, causes cuttings to drain the phenomena of mortality.And in the cuttings growing branches and leaves, though blade is curling, the cuttings being exposed to earth's surface sends out branch junction skin zone still for green with new, though the cuttings in soil is taken root, but there is brown plaque in skin zone more, adventive root mostly is the only son and heir, and above-mentioned situation makes that cuttings growth potential is weak, survival rate is low.
Bamboo willow germinates early, after, ice dissolution warm at sky cyclostrophic, bamboo willow germinates, and now, nursery lot is muddy, people's car cannot enter ground, and when spring transplants, bamboo willow germinates, there is back bud phenomenon in nursery stock, in forestry, conventional measure is that cutting strunk field planting guarantor survives, and has so just virtually delayed the annual growth amount of bamboo willow, has caused harmful effect to the fast growing of bamboo willow.
Therefore, a kind of for arid area, the method for the bamboo willow seedling grow of the geographical environment that particularly Arid Area in Xinjiang is special is just arisen at the historic moment.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of for arid area, the method for the bamboo willow nursery in the geographical environment that particularly Arid Area in Xinjiang is special.
Husky bed prepares: select smooth ground or the husky bed of platform construction: the bottom paving thick cobblestone of 20 ~ 30cm or gravel, cobblestone or gravel layer top repave the thick river sand of 20 ~ 30cm as the husky bed of nursery, install rainer: highly installing micro-sprinkling irrigation spray head apart from Shamian Island 20 ~ 35cm.
Micro-sprinkling irrigation spray head is preferably reflective micro-sprinkling irrigation spray head, and mini sprinkler range of flow is generally between 20 ~ 240L/h.
Magnetic valve and fertilizer spreading tank are installed.
Sterilization: before enabling 2 ~ 3 days, sprays the sterilization of husky bed with the potassium permanganate of weight percent concentration 2 ~ 5%.
Underground layering: late July, select rugosity at 0.6 ~ 2cm, annotinous branch without damage by disease and insect, go to its two, be cut into the branch section of 50 ~ 100cm, erase all blades, branch spacing 1 ~ 3cm is laid on husky bed, the river sand that covering 2 ~ 3cm is thick.
Water spray: after branch is all embedded in sand, namely enables rainer and spray water, makes river sand keep moisture state.
Plant division: after 5 ~ 8 days, the bamboo withy be embedded on husky bed starts to tell green, grows spray, skin zone's pore place bottom old branch, grows 2 ~ 3 adventive root, when spray grows to more than 8cm, general 8 ~ 12cm, by female branch by the segmentation of ground spray number, namely retain a spray by each section of female branch and carry out being partitioned into independently plant, specifically between two sprays, river sand is pushed aside, expose old branch, old branch is cut off, continues to bury husky 2 ~ 3cm, make spray become independent individual.
Manage after plant division: after plant division, daytime by every 8 ~ 20 minutes water sprays once, each water spray 1 ~ 3 minute, night does not spray water, keep that blade has water smoke, after 5 ~ 8 days, by every 5 ~ 8 days for one-period replaces sprinkling 1 ~ 3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 10 ~ 20%Hoagland nutrient solution once, namely this cycle sprays 1 ~ 3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once, and the lower cycle will then spray 10 ~ 20%Hongland nutrient solution once; Late August starts hardening, by spray in every 1 ~ 2 week water, namely obtains seedling of the present invention after 30 ~ 40 days.
As improve technical scheme, after plant division, the environment minimum air temperature lower than when 5 DEG C or the maximum air temperature lower than less than 15 DEG C time, can carry out transplant planting to seedling, transplant planting process is as follows:
Wholely: to plough deeply soil, smooth rear as nursery lot, in nursery lot, open the dark ditch of 15 ~ 20cm by line-spacing 60 ~ 100cm, lay drip irrigation pipe, dripper spacing is 40 ~ 60cm, and dripping end flow controls to be advisable at 1 ~ 3L/ hour.
Above-mentioned drip irrigation pipe is preferably buried, the depth of burying 10 ~ 20cm.
Seedling replanting: give seedling spray in husky bed once permeable before transplanting, with get with, seedling is placed in nursery lot the bottom of trench held successfully by spacing in the rows 40 ~ 60cm, buries soil, carry seedling, tread after root system is unfolded, drip once permeable immediately, about 2 hours, see with ground surface soil and wet as standard, dripped once permeable every 3 ~ 5 days afterwards, after drip irrigation 2 ~ 4 water, dripped once freeze-up to soil at interval of 15 ~ 20 days.
A winter irrigation water is preferably watered before soil is freeze-up.
Advantage: drip irrigation pipe and seedling on one wire, are conducive to mechanical fertilization in the coming year.Drip irrigation below the surface pipe is longer than the open country irrigate band time for service time, and can not suffer windburn.
After Second Year beginning of spring, liquid manure is preferably by following requirement management:
Pour water: after thawing, a flood is watered in best flood irrigation, after April, within general 5 ~ 15 days, pour once, start by the end of August to control water in good time, within 15 ~ 20 days, drip once, the growth of restriction bamboo willow, its branch short is aging so that survive the winter, before entering the winter, a flood is watered in best flood irrigation, can keep longer air humidity, is conducive to the growth of bamboo willow and survives the winter.
Fertilising: general by the end of April, agricultural machinery ditching-fertilizing is used between line-spacing, chase after into farmyard manure or urea 10 ~ 20Kg/ mu and superphosphate 20 ~ 30Kg/ mu, then repeatedly lack with water for 6 ~ July and execute soluble nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer into dripping, the proportioning of N P and K at 25:15:10 ~ 40:25:10 as well, situation according to surveying soil formula makes the appropriate adjustments, and in order to increase tree body resistance, uses water-soluble good fertilizer to be the card fourth nutrition type fertilizer N:P that Hebei Meng Bang water-soluble fertilizer Co., Ltd produces at present
2o
5: K
2o is 25:15:10.Once with water instillation 3 ~ 5 kgs/acre.
Beat side shoot: in mid-June, cut off plant height less than 2/3 all side shoots, keep less than 1.5 meters, forest land ventilation and penetrating light.
Compared with prior art, the present invention builds microenvironment by sprinkling irrigation and carries out batch nursery, institute's nursery is upright strengthens and size uniformity, without root-growing agent or root-inducing powder process, but many 2 ~ 3 of the seedling that plant root is educated than bamboo willow pressure equipment breeding and seedling technology, thus plant growing way is strong, particularly reproduction coefficient is high, and be generally more than 8 times of normal cutting propagation nursery, intensive degree is high, use manpower and material resources sparingly, unit are emergence rate is high.
Embodiment
embodiment 1: husky bed prepares: select the smooth ground of size 20 ~ 30 square meter to build husky bed: the bottom paving thick cobblestone of 20cm or gravel, cobblestone or gravel layer top repave the thick river sand of 30cm as the husky bed of nursery, rainer is installed: apart from Shamian Island 30cm, reflective micro-sprinkling irrigation spray head is highly being installed, sprinkler spacing 1 meter, mini sprinkler range of flow is generally at 40 ~ 50L/h.Magnetic valve, fertilizer spreading tank and control device are installed.
Before enabling 3 days, spray the sterilization of husky bed with the potassium permanganate of weight percent concentration 3%.
Late July, select rugosity at 0.6 ~ 2cm, annotinous branch without damage by disease and insect, go to its two, be cut into the branch section of 50 ~ 100cm, erase all blades, be laid on husky bed by branch spacing 2cm, cover the river sand that 2 ~ 3cm is thick, enable rainer immediately to spray water, make river sand keep the moisture state of 70 ~ 80%.
Plant division: after 7 days, the bamboo withy be embedded on husky bed starts to tell green, grows spray, skin zone's pore place bottom old branch, grow 2 ~ 3 adventive root, when spray grows to 8 ~ 12cm, by female branch by the segmentation of ground spray number, namely retain a spray by each section of female branch to carry out being partitioned into independently plant, specifically between two sprays, river sand is pushed aside, exposes old branch, is cut off by old branch, continue to bury husky 2 ~ 3cm, make each spray become independent individual.
After plant division, daytime by every 8 ~ 20 minutes water sprays once, each water spray 1 ~ 3 minute, night does not spray water, keep that blade has water smoke, after 5 ~ 8 days, by every 5 ~ 8 days for one-period replaces sprinkling 1 ~ 3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 10 ~ 20%Hoagland nutrient solution once, namely this cycle sprays 1 ~ 3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once, and the lower cycle will then spray 10 ~ 20%Hongland nutrient solution once; Late August starts hardening, gradually reduces water spray number of times, progressively reduces to spray in every 1 ~ 2 week water, namely obtain seedling of the present invention after 30 ~ 40 days in 5 ~ 10 days.
When the environment minimum air temperature can carry out transplant planting to seedling lower than when 5 DEG C, transplant planting process is as follows:
Soil is ploughed deeply, smooth rear as nursery lot, the dark ditch of 15cm is opened by line-spacing 60cm in nursery lot, drip irrigation pipe is laid at bottom of trench, dripper spacing is 40cm, dripping end flow controls at 3L/ hour, give seedling spray in husky bed once permeable before transplanting, seedling with get with, seedling is placed in nursery lot the bottom of trench held successfully by spacing in the rows 40cm, bury soil, carry seedling, tread after root system is unfolded, drip once permeable immediately, about 2 hours, or to see with ground surface soil and wet as standard, dripped once permeable every 3 ~ 5 days afterwards, after drip irrigation 2 ~ 4 water, reduce to and dripped once freeze-up to soil at interval of 15 ~ 20 days, a winter irrigation water is watered again before soil is freeze-up.
By following requirement management after Second Year beginning of spring:
Water: after thawing, a flood is watered in flood irrigation, after April, within general 5 ~ 15 days, pour once, start by the end of August to control water in good time, within 15 ~ 20 days, drip once, the growth of restriction bamboo willow, its branch short is aging so that survive the winter, before entering the winter, a flood is watered in flood irrigation again, can keep longer air humidity, is conducive to the growth of bamboo willow and survives the winter.
Fertilising: by the end of April, agricultural machinery ditching-fertilizing is used between line-spacing, chase after into farmyard manure or urea 10 ~ 20Kg/ mu and superphosphate 20 ~ 30Kg/ mu, 6 ~ July then executes soluble nitrogen with water droplet, phosphorus, potash fertilizer, soil, Xinjiang is generally rich in potassium, the proportioning of N P and K at 25:15:10 ~ 40:25:10 as well, situation according to surveying soil formula makes the appropriate adjustments, there are two extreme temperatures in Xinjiang, one is summer high temperature, air humidity is little, two is that winter is cold, in order to increase tree body resistance, the water-soluble good fertilizer of current use is the card fourth nutrition type fertilizer N:P that Hebei Meng Bang water-soluble fertilizer Co., Ltd produces
2o
5: K
2o is 25:15:10, once with water instillation 3 ~ 5 kgs/acre.
Beat side shoot: in mid-June, cut off plant height less than 2/3 all side shoots, keep less than 1.5 meters, forest land ventilation and penetrating light.
embodiment 2: husky bed prepares: select the smooth ground of size 20 ~ 30 square meter to build husky bed: the bottom paving thick cobblestone of 20cm or gravel, cobblestone or gravel layer top repave the thick river sand of 30cm as the husky bed of nursery, rainer is installed: apart from Shamian Island 30cm, reflective micro-sprinkling irrigation spray head is highly being installed, sprinkler spacing 1 meter, mini sprinkler range of flow is generally at 40 ~ 50L/h.Magnetic valve, fertilizer spreading tank and control device are installed.
Before enabling 3 days, spray the sterilization of husky bed with the potassium permanganate of weight percent concentration 3%.
Late July, select rugosity at 0.6 ~ 2cm, annotinous branch without damage by disease and insect, go to its two, be cut into the branch section of 50 ~ 100cm, erase all blades, be laid on husky bed by branch spacing 2cm, cover the river sand that 2 ~ 3cm is thick, enable rainer immediately to spray water, make river sand keep the moisture state of 70 ~ 80%.
Plant division: after 6 ~ 8 days, the bamboo withy be embedded on husky bed starts to tell green, grows spray, skin zone's pore place bottom old branch, grow 2 ~ 3 adventive root, when spray grows to 8 ~ 12cm, by female branch by the segmentation of ground spray number, namely retain a spray by each section of female branch to carry out being partitioned into independently plant, specifically between two sprays, river sand is pushed aside, exposes old branch, is cut off by old branch, continue to bury husky 2 ~ 3cm, make each spray become independent individual.
After plant division, daytime by every 8 ~ 20 minutes water sprays once, each water spray 1 ~ 3 minute, night does not spray water, keep that blade has water smoke, after 5 ~ 8 days, by every 5 ~ 8 days for one-period replaces sprinkling 1 ~ 3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 10 ~ 20%Hoagland nutrient solution once, namely this cycle sprays 10 ~ 20%Hongland nutrient solution once, and the lower cycle will then spray 1 ~ 3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once; Late August starts hardening, gradually reduces water spray number of times, progressively reduces to spray in every 1 ~ 2 week water, namely obtain seedling of the present invention after 30 ~ 40 days in 5 ~ 10 days.
When the environment minimum air temperature can carry out transplant planting to seedling lower than when 5 DEG C, transplant planting process is as follows:
Soil is ploughed deeply, smooth rear as nursery lot, the dark ditch of 20cm is opened by line-spacing 60cm in nursery lot, drip irrigation pipe is laid at the 10cm place of ditch, dripper spacing is 60cm, dripping end flow controls at 3 ~ 4L/ hour, give seedling spray in husky bed once permeable before transplanting, seedling with get with, seedling is placed in nursery lot the bottom of trench held successfully by spacing in the rows 60cm, bury soil, carry seedling, tread after root system is unfolded, drip once permeable immediately, about 2 hours, or to see with ground surface soil and wet as standard, dripped once permeable every 3 ~ 5 days afterwards, after drip irrigation 2 ~ 4 water, reduce to and dripped once freeze-up to soil at interval of 15 ~ 20 days, a winter irrigation water is watered again before soil is freeze-up.
By following requirement management after Second Year beginning of spring:
Water: after thawing, a flood is watered in flood irrigation, after mid-April, within general 5 ~ 15 days, pour once, start by the end of August to control water, dripped once by 15 ~ 20 days, the growth of restriction bamboo willow, its branch short is aging so that survive the winter, before entering the winter, a flood is watered in flood irrigation again, can keep longer air humidity, is conducive to the growth of bamboo willow and survives the winter.
Fertilising: by the end of April, agricultural machinery ditching-fertilizing is used between line-spacing, chase after into farmyard manure or urea 10 ~ 20Kg/ mu and superphosphate 20 ~ 30Kg/ mu, 6 ~ July then executes soluble nitrogen with water droplet, phosphorus, potash fertilizer, soil, Xinjiang is generally rich in potassium, the proportioning of N P and K between 25:15:10 ~ 40:25:10 as well, situation according to surveying soil formula can make the appropriate adjustments, there are two extreme temperatures in Xinjiang, one is summer high temperature, air humidity is little, two is that winter is cold, in order to increase tree body resistance, the water-soluble good fertilizer of current use is the card fourth nutrition type fertilizer N:P that Hebei Meng Bang water-soluble fertilizer Co., Ltd produces
2o
5: K
2o is 25:15:10, once with water instillation 3 ~ 5 kgs/acre.
Beat side shoot: in mid-June, cut off plant height less than 2/3 all side shoots, keep less than 1.5 meters, forest land ventilation and penetrating light.
Claims (10)
1. a method for arid area bamboo willow seedling grow, is characterized in that comprising following process:
Husky bed prepares: select smooth ground or the husky bed of platform construction: the bottom paving thick cobblestone of 20 ~ 30cm or gravel, cobblestone or gravel layer top repave the thick river sand of 20 ~ 30cm as the husky bed of nursery, install rainer: highly installing micro-sprinkling irrigation spray head apart from Shamian Island 20 ~ 35cm;
Sterilization: before enabling 2 ~ 3 days, sprays the sterilization of husky bed with the potassium permanganate of weight percent concentration 2 ~ 5%;
Underground layering: late July, select footpath slightly at 0.6 ~ 2cm, annotinous branch without damage by disease and insect, go to its two, be cut into the branch section of 50 ~ 100cm, erase all blades, branch spacing 1 ~ 3cm is laid on husky bed, the river sand that covering 2 ~ 3cm is thick;
Water spray: after branch is all embedded in sand, namely enables rainer and spray water, makes river sand keep moisture state;
Plant division: after 5 ~ 8 days, the bamboo withy be embedded on husky bed starts to tell green, grows spray, skin zone's pore place bottom old branch, grow 2 ~ 3 adventive root, when spray grows to more than 8cm, by female branch by the segmentation of ground spray number, namely retain a spray by each section of female branch to carry out being partitioned into independently plant, specifically between two sprays, river sand is pushed aside, exposes old branch, is cut off by old branch, continue to bury husky 2 ~ 3cm, make spray become independent individual.
2. manage after plant division: after plant division, daytime by every 8 ~ 20 minutes water sprays once, each water spray 1 ~ 3 minute, night does not spray water, keep that blade has water smoke, after 5 ~ 8 days, by 5 ~ 8 days for one-period replaces sprinkling 1 ~ 3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 10 ~ 20%Hoagland nutrient solution once, namely this cycle sprays 1 ~ 3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once, and the lower cycle will then spray 10 ~ 20%Hongland nutrient solution once; Late August starts hardening, by spray in every 1 ~ 2 week water, namely obtains seedling of the present invention after 30 ~ 40 days.
3. the method for arid area according to claim 1 bamboo willow seedling grow, is characterized in that: described plant division is grown to 8 ~ 12cm at spray and carried out.
4. the method for arid area according to claim 1 and 2 bamboo willow seedling grow, is characterized in that: after plant division, the environment minimum air temperature lower than when 5 DEG C or the maximum air temperature lower than less than 15 DEG C time, carry out transplant planting to seedling, transplant planting process is as follows:
Wholely: to plough deeply soil, smooth rear as nursery lot, in nursery lot, open the dark ditch of 15 ~ 20cm by line-spacing 60 ~ 100cm, lay drip irrigation pipe, dripper spacing is 40 ~ 60cm, and dripping end flow controls at 1 ~ 3L/ hour;
Seedling replanting: give seedling spray in husky bed once permeable before transplanting, with get with, seedling to be planted Yu Gouzhong by spacing in the rows 40 ~ 60cm in nursery lot, drip once permeable immediately, dripped once permeable every 3 ~ 5 days afterwards, after drip irrigation 2 ~ 4 water, dripped once freeze-up to soil at interval of 15 ~ 20 days.
5. the method for arid area according to claim 3 bamboo willow seedling grow, is characterized in that: described drip irrigation pipe is buried, the depth of burying 10 ~ 20cm.
6. the method for arid area according to claim 1 and 2 bamboo willow seedling grow, is characterized in that: after Second Year beginning of spring, liquid manure manages by following requirement:
Pour water: after thawing; A flood is watered in flood irrigation, and after April, 5 ~ 15 days drip irrigations once, start to control water by the end of August in good time, within 15 ~ 20 days, drip once;
Fertilising: by the end of April, use agricultural machinery ditching-fertilizing between line-spacing, chase after into farmyard manure or urea 10 ~ 20Kg/ mu and superphosphate 20 ~ 30Kg/ mu, 6 ~ July then executes soluble nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer with water droplet;
Beat side shoot: in mid-June, cut off plant height less than 2/3 all side shoots, keep less than 1.5 meters, forest land ventilation and penetrating light.
7. the method for arid area according to claim 3 bamboo willow seedling grow, is characterized in that: after Second Year beginning of spring, liquid manure manages by following requirement:
Pour water: after thawing; A flood is watered in flood irrigation, after April, within 5 ~ 15 days, pours once, starts by the end of August to control water in good time, within 15 ~ 20 days, drip once;
Fertilising: by the end of April, use agricultural machinery ditching-fertilizing between line-spacing, chase after into farmyard manure or urea 10 ~ 20Kg/ mu and superphosphate 20 ~ 30Kg/ mu, 6 ~ July then executes soluble nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer with water droplet;
Beat side shoot: in mid-June, cut off plant height less than 2/3 all side shoots, keep less than 1.5 meters, forest land ventilation and penetrating light.
8. the method for arid area according to claim 4 bamboo willow seedling grow, is characterized in that: after Second Year beginning of spring, liquid manure manages by following requirement:
Pour water: after thawing; A flood is watered in flood irrigation, after April, within 5 ~ 15 days, pours once, starts by the end of August to control water in good time, within 15 ~ 20 days, drip once;
Fertilising: by the end of April, use agricultural machinery ditching-fertilizing between line-spacing, chase after into farmyard manure or urea 10 ~ 20Kg/ mu and superphosphate 20 ~ 30Kg/ mu, 6 ~ July then executes soluble nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer with water droplet;
Beat side shoot: in mid-June, cut off plant height less than 2/3 all side shoots, keep less than 1.5 meters, forest land ventilation and penetrating light.
9. the method for arid area according to claim 6 bamboo willow seedling grow, is characterized in that: before entering the winter, a flood is watered in flood irrigation.
10. the method for arid area according to claim 9 bamboo willow seedling grow, is characterized in that: the proportioning of described azophoska, at 25:15:10 ~ 40:25:10, once instills 3 ~ 5 kgs/acre with water.
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| CN107409915A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2017-12-01 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | A kind of method of blue or green money willow underground layering breeding nursery stock |
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| CN114451203A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2022-05-10 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Low-temperature storage seedling raising method for salix mongolica |
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