JP2005270098A - Method for promotion of plant growth - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a means which effectively promotes plant growth, especially leaf parts of a plant, effectively promotes growth of a leaf vegetable and a part above ground of a tree, and increases yield of the leaf vegetables. <P>SOLUTION: This invention relates to the means for promotion of plant growth comprising regulating the growing environment of the plant with NO<SB>x</SB>concentration of 10-200 ppb. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an application technique for plant activation. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for promoting plant growth.

  Attempts have been made to promote the growth of plants in order to increase the yield of agricultural crops, horticultural crops and the like [see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 5].

  Patent Document 1 discloses that by supplying Pseudomonas fluorescens SC-29 strain to a plant, the cultivation period of the plant can be shortened and the yield can be increased. However, with this method, the climate and soil quality of the land where the plant is planted are not necessarily suitable for this strain, and it cannot continue to survive due to survival competition with microorganisms growing in the target soil. Therefore, there is a drawback that this strain acts stably and cannot continue to survive, and there is a disadvantage that it requires labor for spraying.

  Patent Document 2 discloses that the concentration of phosphorus in plants and the amount of plant growth can be increased by applying periodic stimulation by magnetic force or electricity to plants. However, the cost of the equipment when applied to a large land is high, and the conditions of magnetic force or electricity differ depending on the amount of ions in the soil, the amount of moisture, and the soil quality itself. There is a disadvantage that it is scarce.

  In Patent Document 3, it is possible to increase the amount of components such as β-carotene in a plant by irradiating the plant with red light having a wavelength range of 620 to 760 nm and blue light having a wavelength range of 400 to 480 nm. It is disclosed. However, in order to irradiate a plant / crop planted with a specific wavelength of light spread over a large area, a special expensive device such as a light emitting diode is required, which may be very expensive. There are disadvantages such as.

  Patent Document 4 discloses that a plant after germination can be favorably grown by supplying an iodine-cyclodextrin inclusion product to the plant. However, when such an iodine-cyclodextrin inclusion product is used, there is a disadvantage that germination of seeds is suppressed, and there is a disadvantage that labor is required for spraying.

Patent Document 5 discloses that the branching of a plant can be increased by inoculating and infecting the plant with a VA mycorrhizal fungal infection source. However, the supply time of the VA mycorrhizal fungal infection source is limited, and there is a drawback that it is difficult to apply to plants that require time for germination and rooting.
JP 2003-212708 A JP 2003-310057 A JP 2003-230317 A JP 2003-226606 A JP 2000-4673 A

  The present invention facilitates the growth of plants, particularly plant leaves, and trees, facilitates the growth of plants, particularly plant leaves, and trees, and efficiently increases the leaves of leafy vegetable crops. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for promoting plant growth, which can achieve at least one of, for example, increasing the yield of leaf vegetable crops.

That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows.
[1] A method for promoting the growth of a plant, comprising adjusting the growth environment of the plant to an environment of NO _{x 5 to} 200 ppb,
[2] The method for promoting the growth of a plant according to the above [1], wherein the growth in the leaf portion of the plant is promoted,
[3] The plant is an Asteraceae plant, Solanum plant, Rabbitaceae plant, Gramineae plant, Brassicaceae plant, Pinaceae plant, Cryptomeriaceae plant, Spruce plant, Cypress plant, Myrtaceae plant or Willowaceae plant [1] or [2], wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of: [1] or [2], and [4] the plant is a leafy crop or tree. Plant growth promotion method,
About.

  According to the method for promoting the growth of a plant of the present invention, there is an excellent effect that it is possible to easily and efficiently promote the growth of a plant, particularly a plant leaf. Moreover, according to the growth promotion method of the plant of this invention, there exists an outstanding effect that the growth of the leaf vegetable crop and the above-ground part of a tree can be accelerated | stimulated efficiently. Moreover, according to the growth promotion method of the plant of this invention, there exists the outstanding effect that the yield of a leaf vegetable crop can be increased.

The present invention is based on the inventors' surprising discovery that NO _x acts as a signal related to plant growth and promotes plant growth.

One aspect of the present invention, the plant growing environment, and adjusting to the environment of a constant concentration of NO _X, relates promoting growth process of the plant.

The plant growth promotion method according to the present invention adjusts the plant growth environment to an environment of a constant concentration of NO _x , and thus exhibits an excellent effect that the growth of the plant can be surprisingly promoted. Specifically, according to the growth promotion method of the plant of the present invention, NO _X in the absence or very low levels (e.g., <5 ppb) than in the presence of the NO _X in significantly be promoted plant growth Can do.

  Moreover, according to the plant growth promotion method of the present invention, it is possible to easily and efficiently promote plant growth.

Furthermore, since the plant growth environment of the present invention adjusts the plant growth environment to a constant concentration of NO _x , it exhibits an excellent effect that the plant leaf can be promoted. Specifically, according to the growth promotion method of the plant of the present invention, NO _X in the absence or very low levels (e.g., <5 ppb) than in the presence of the NO _X in the growth of leaves significantly plants Can be promoted.

In the plant growth promotion method of the present invention, since a constant concentration of NO _x is used as a signal for promoting plant growth, it can be used for various plants.

  Plants to which the plant growth promotion method of the present invention can be applied include asteraceae plants, solanaceous plants, red-breasted plants, gramineous plants, cruciferous plants, pine plant, cedar plant, spruce plant, cypress Examples include plants, myrtaceae plants, and willow plants. Specifically, as the plant, asteraceae plants such as garlic, solanaceae plants such as tobacco, tomato and eggplant, agaceae plants such as spinach, rice plants such as rice, wheat and barley, Arabidopsis, cabbage, Brassicaceae plants such as Chinese cabbage, pine family plants such as pine, cedar family plants such as cedar, spruce plants such as German spruce, cypress plants such as cypress and cypress, corn family plants such as eucalyptus, willow family such as poplar Examples include plants.

  Since the growth promotion method of the plant of this invention can promote the growth in the leaf part of a plant, Preferably, it can be applied to a leaf vegetable crop or a tree. Therefore, according to the plant growth promotion method of the present invention, in particular, the yield of leaf vegetable crops and trees can be increased, and the quality of the leaf vegetable crops can be improved.

In the plant growth promotion method of the present invention, the concentration of NO _x can be appropriately set according to the type, size, etc. of the plant used, but it maintains the growth of the plant and sufficiently enhances the growth promotion effect of the plant. From the viewpoint of exhibiting, it is 5 to 200 ppb, preferably 10 to 200 ppb, and more preferably 100 to 200 ppb. In the growth method of promoting plant of the present invention, since the adjusting the concentration of the NO _X in the range, NO _X in the absence or very low levels (e.g., <5 ppb) than in the presence of the NO _X in surprisingly Therefore, it is possible to promote the growth of the leaves of the plant, particularly the plant.

  In addition, in this specification, a leaf part means the part containing the leaf of a plant.

  Moreover, in this specification, a leaf vegetable crop means the crop which mainly uses a leaf as food, for example, a cabbage, a Chinese cabbage, a lettuce, a spinach, a garlic, a cauliflower, a cauliflower, etc. are mentioned.

The environment with a constant concentration of NO _x is, for example, that a plant is planted in the soil, so that the plant planted in the soil comes into contact with the atmospheric environment, that is, the above-ground part of the plant body has a constant concentration of NO _x. It is possible to make it by maintaining it. Specifically, the environment of the NO _X constant concentration, means capable of interrupting the environment including above-ground parts of the plant from the outside air, for example, greenhouses, and placed inside the vinyl house, inside the constant concentration NO _X It can be made by maintaining so that it becomes. In the present invention, air quality, if it is the NO _X concentration range, and planting a plant, may be directly grown. The maintenance of the NO _x concentration is, for example, the following (1) to (3):
(1) NO _X bomb combustion such as kerosene, certain of the NO _X by controlling the NO _X generation means by the engine, etc. (2) and removal means of the NO _X (3) wherein (1) and (2) This can be done by a combination with a control means for adjusting the density.

Examples of the removing means include the apparatus shown in FIG. Here, in the apparatus shown in FIG. 3, the gas containing NO _X (NO ₂ , NO) generated from combustion of the NO _X cylinder, kerosene, etc., engine, etc. is taken from the fan motor 1 and then oxidized. Through a canister 2 containing an agent (for example, a canister containing potassium permanganate, etc.), NO in the gas is converted to NO ₂ , and then NO ₂ is adsorbed to the activated carbon through the activated carbon column 3. , NO _x (NO ₂ , NO) removed air is supplied from an air supply hole in which the activated carbon column 3 exists. The activated carbon in the activated carbon column 3 is preferably granular activated carbon having a particle size larger than the diameter of the air supply hole.

In the present invention, air quality, if it is the NO _X concentration range, and planting a plant may be cultivated directly.

The timing adjusted to be the habitat of plants in the NO _X concentration constant concentration is not particularly restricted as long as it is a time to plant, in generation (growth) phase.

The growth conditions other than the NO _x concentration can be set as appropriate according to the plant, and may be the same as the normal growth conditions of the plant. Moreover, you may perform the supply of compost, supply of an agrochemical, etc. as needed.

  Specifically, soil used for plant cultivation includes macronutrient elements (nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ions, etc.), trace nutrient elements (boron, chlorine, cobalt, copper, iodine, iron, It is desirable that manganese, molybdenum, zinc) and the like are included.

In the plant growth promotion method of the present invention, the plant may be transplanted with seedlings, plants and the like that have been grown in advance, and then grown under the condition of the constant concentration of NO _x. , from the time of seeding, may be grown and maintained in conditions that the NO _X of the constant concentration.

The growth promotion effect of the plant growth promotion method of the present invention is, for example, a plant obtained after performing the plant growth promotion method of the present invention, specifically, the whole plant body, the foliage, the root, particularly the leaf part. Can be evaluated by measuring the content of dry weight, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, amino acid, crude protein, and the like. In addition, a plant cultivated without applying the plant growth promotion method of the present invention, that is, a plant cultivated in the absence of NO _x or in the presence of extremely low level (eg, <5 ppb) NO _x is used as a control. be able to.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example etc. demonstrate this invention in detail, this invention is not limited at all by this Example etc.

  Nicotiana plumbaginifolia is planted in a plastic pot containing vermiculite and perlite (1: 1, v / v), 3 weeks old young tree inside the exposure chamber in a controlled greenhouse Or placed outside.

Fresh air was taken into the greenhouse from the outside at a flow rate of 4 m ³ / min, and the air in the greenhouse was filtered through a column containing activated carbon. Fresh air was introduced into the exposure chamber at a flow rate of 1 liter / min. ¹⁵ N-labeled NO ₂ (51.6 at% ¹⁵ N) 200 ± 20 ppb was placed in the gas phase of the exposure chamber (10-20 ppb NO present), but the NO _x concentration outside the greenhouse chamber was < It was 5 ppb.

The CO ₂ and O ₂ concentrations inside and outside the chamber were kept at 340 ± 80 ppm and <5 ppb, respectively. Plants were supplemented every 4 days with a cocoic and leisant medium containing 10 mM potassium nitrate and grown for 10 weeks under natural light at 22 ± 0.3 ° C. and 70 ± 4% relative humidity.

  After completion of the cultivation, the plants were collected, the plant height and leaf area were measured, and lyophilized. Thereafter, dry weight, elements and total amino acids of the foliage and roots were measured.

In addition, total nitrogen, NO _x -derived nitrogen and carbon are obtained from M. Takahashi et al. [Plant Physiol. 126, 731 (2001)] and analyzed by mass spectrometry. Specifically, the dried leaves and roots of the plant were pulverized and precisely weighed, and then the total nitrogen and total carbon were quantified by an elemental analysis system directly connected stable isotope mass spectrometer. Further, the amount of nitrogen derived from NO _x was measured by measuring the amount of heavy nitrogen ( ¹⁵ N) in the sample.

  The crude protein content was measured using the above-mentioned M. Takahashi et al. [Plant Physiol. , 126, 731 (2001)], and was measured by mass spectrometry based on reduced nitrogen. Specifically, the amount of ammonia obtained by Kjeldahl decomposition by the method of Takahashi et al. Was measured by elemental analyzer direct coupled stable isotope mass spectrometry to determine the crude protein content.

  The amount of total sulfur, total phosphorus, total potassium, total calcium and total magnesium was determined according to I. Rodushkin et al. [Anal. Chim. Acta, 378, 191 (1999)] and analyzed by conjugate plasma atomic emission spectrometry.

  Specifically, the stalks and roots of the dried plant were powdered, precisely weighed, transferred to a Teflon beaker, and 0.5 g of the resulting product was added to 10% of 68% (w / v) concentrated nitric acid and 30% ( w / v) 2 ml of aqueous hydrogen peroxide was added and the resulting mixture was heated at 200-220 ° C. for 60 minutes, and further 10 ml of 68% (w / v) concentrated nitric acid and 30% (w / v) excess. 2 ml of hydrogen oxide water was added, and the resulting mixture was heated at 200 to 220 ° C. for 40 to 50 minutes for thermal decomposition. In addition, this heat decomposition operation was performed 2-3 times. The obtained product was made up to 50 ml and measured.

  Also, the total free amino acids can be obtained from D. Igarashi et al. [Plant J. et al. 33, 975-987 (2003)], and extracted with ethanol and analyzed. Specifically, dried foliage or roots were made into powder, the obtained product was precisely weighed, and 80% ethanol was added to the product. Then, it heated at 80 degreeC, the amino acid was extracted, the obtained product was evaporated to dryness with the evaporator, it melt | dissolved in 0.02N hydrochloric acid, and the obtained sample was measured with the amino acid analyzer.

Also, Nicotiana plumbaginifolia was grown under natural light for 10 weeks in each of 200 ppb NO _x contaminated air and less than 5 ppb NO _x clean air. Other conditions were the same as described above. The results are shown in FIG.

As a result, as shown in panel A of FIG. 1, surprisingly, the biomass of plants grown in contaminated air was almost twice that of plants grown in clean air. Also, as shown in panel A of FIG. 1, the increase in biomass due to NO _x exposure is a significant increase in the composition of all major elements examined per plant, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. There was a similar or greater increase. Interestingly, NO _X exposure, the content of total free amino acids and crude protein per plant was increased to the same extent.

As shown in FIG. 2, plants exposed to NO _x are about 1.7 times the similar appearance of non-exposed plants, and atmospheric atmospheric NO _x “activates” the plant, producing carbon. fixed, nitrogen assimilation, the amino acids and the synthesis and all major elements of the protein uptake, they were all found to be beneficial to plants in that they were stimulated with NO _X exposure.

Furthermore, as shown in panel B of FIG. 1, isotope mass spectral analysis showed that NO _x -derived nitrogen was less than 3% of the total nitrogen in the foliage and roots.

Therefore, NO _X environment level as (long-term even after exposure) N source, only very slightly contribute, it is suggested that exhibit different effects with the action of a nitrogen source. Such findings, atmospheric NO _X environment level is not a hazardous factor or N source is shown to act as a plant activation signals.

Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype C24 seeds were soaked overnight at 4 ° C. The obtained seeds were sown in a plastic pot containing a mixture of vermiculite and perlite (1: 1, v / v), 500 per vat. The pot was placed inside two exposure chambers equipped in a controlled greenhouse. The concentration of CO ₂ and O ₂ in the chamber was kept at 3% and 20% by volume, respectively. One of the exposure chambers had an NO _x concentration of 150 ppb, and the other was NO _x unexposed (less than 5 ppb) as a control.

  1/2 MS [MS basal medium [Murashige, T. et al., Physiol. Plant. , 15: 473, (1962)]] was fed to the plants every 3 days and grown under natural light at 22 ° C. and 70% relative humidity for 4 weeks.

Thereafter, the leaves and roots of the Arabidopsis thaliana were lyophilized. The growth amount and the main component were analyzed by the same method as in Example 1. In addition, the amount of nitrogen absorbed from NO _x was examined by exposing to NO _x labeled with ¹⁵ N and analyzing with a mass spectrometer directly connected to an element analyzer. The results are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 and Table 1.

As a result, as shown in Table 1, the shoot and leaf biomass of Arabidopsis thaliana grown at a NO _x concentration of 150 ppb was about 1.7 times that of the one grown in the absence of NO _x , and the root biomass was It increased to about 1.4 times.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, the amount of assimilation and assimilation of each major element also increased. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 5, since the amount of nitrogen derived from NO _x is 4% or less of the total amount of nitrogen, it is suggested that the contribution of NO _x to the growth amount as a nitrogen source can be ignored. . Therefore growth promotion by NO _X is suggested is due hormone-like effect of NO _X.

  According to the present invention, the growth of living organisms can be promoted, and therefore, it is useful for increasing the yield and quality of crops and trees.

FIG. 1 shows the biomass yield, elemental composition (total N, C, P, K, Ca and Mg) and foliage (total free amino acids and crude protein) and foliage of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. The isotopic composition of nitrogen in the root is shown. In panel (A), the black and white columns correspond to NO _x -exposed and unexposed plants, respectively. The relative value of the average of 6 series (biomass) or 3 series (other data) is shown with each value of non-exposed plants as 100. Bars indicate standard deviation. Absolute values per foliage of unexposed plants are as follows: biomass (1.04 ± 0.09 g), C (382 ± 5 mg), N (32.6 ± 2.0 mg), S (2. 86 ± 0.43 mg), P (2.5 ± 0.4 mg), K (69.0 ± 7.8 mg), Ca (24.2 ± 5.2 mg), Mg (3.43 ± 0.62 mg) , Total amino acids (181 ± 9 μmol) and crude protein (181 ± 5 mg). Panel (B) shows the ratio of nitrate nitrogen to total nitrogen in NO _x -exposed plants (black column) and the ratio of NO _x nitrogen (white column). These values are the mean of triplicates ± standard deviation.

FIG. 2 shows plants grown under natural light for 10 weeks in 200 ppb NO _x contaminated air and less than 5 ppb NO _x clean air, respectively. In the figure, when the left panel is contaminated air of 200 ppb NO _x , the right panel shows the case of clean air of NO _x less than 5 ppb.

FIG. 3 is a view showing NO _X removal means. In the figure, dotted arrows indicate the flow of air. In the apparatus shown in FIG. 3, the gas containing NO _X (NO ₂ , NO) generated from combustion of the NO _X cylinder, kerosene, etc., engine or the like is taken in from the fan motor 1 and then contains an oxidizing agent. the canister 2 (e.g., a canister containing potassium permanganate, etc.) through, to convert the NO in the gas to NO _2, then, throughout the NO ₂ to an activated charcoal column 3, adsorbed on activated carbon, NO _X Air from which (NO ₂ , NO) has been removed is supplied from an air supply hole in which the activated carbon column 3 is present.

FIG. 4 shows biomass yield and elemental composition (total N, C, S, P, K, Ca, and Mg) per foliage of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype C24. The black column and the white column correspond to NO _x -exposed plants and non-exposed plants, respectively, and the values indicate average relative values, where each value of non-exposed plants (control) is 100. Bars indicate standard deviation.

FIG. 5 shows the isotopic composition of nitrogen in the foliage and roots of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype C24.

Explanation of symbols

1 Fan motor 2 Canister 3 Activated carbon column

Claims (4)

A method for promoting the growth of a plant, comprising adjusting the growth environment of the plant to an environment of NO _{x of 5 to} 200 ppb.   The growth promotion method of the plant of Claim 1 which promotes the growth in the leaf part of a plant.   The plant is from the group consisting of Asteraceae plants, Solanum plants, Rubiaceae plants, Gramineae plants, Brassicaceae plants, Pinaceae plants, Cryptomeriaceae plants, Spruce family plants, Cypress family plants, Myrtaceae plants and Willow family plants The method for promoting plant growth according to claim 1 or 2, which is a selected plant.   The plant growth promotion method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant is a leaf vegetable crop or a tree.

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