CN104429782B - The method of arid area bamboo willow seedling raising - Google Patents
The method of arid area bamboo willow seedling raising Download PDFInfo
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- CN104429782B CN104429782B CN201410760632.8A CN201410760632A CN104429782B CN 104429782 B CN104429782 B CN 104429782B CN 201410760632 A CN201410760632 A CN 201410760632A CN 104429782 B CN104429782 B CN 104429782B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method in arid area bamboo willow seedling raising, mainly comprise management process after husky bed preparation, underground layering, water spray, plant division and plant division, its main points are by husky for branch embedment bed, branch is blocked the seedling becoming independent after branch germinates again individual, again under certain water and fertilizer condition, cultivate into seedling. Compared with prior art, the present invention builds microenvironment and carries out batch nursery by spraying, institute's nursery is upright strengthens and size uniformity, processes without root-growing agent or root-inducing powder, but many 2��3 of the Seedling that plant root is educated than bamboo willow pressure equipment breeding and seedling technology, thus plant growing way is strong, particularly breeding coefficient is high, is usually more than 8 times of normal cutting propagation nursery, and intensive degree is high, using manpower and material resources sparingly, unit are emergence rate is high.
Description
Technical field
A kind of method that the present invention relates to bamboo willow seedling raising, the particularly method of a kind of arid area bamboo willow seedling raising.
Background technology
Bamboo willow is a kind of new hybridization of willows kind, and through selection-breeding for many years and domestication, its form, side shoot, dense planting is similar with bamboo, so being named as bamboo willow.
Bamboo willow, inheriting on the basis of tradition willow kind many merits, further increases fast-growing and the resistance of these seeds. Bamboo willow is of many uses, is often used as cycle industrial material forest, big-diameter wood, shade tree, afforestation, agricultural protection forest.
Mostly belonging to arid or semiarid zone, particularly Xinjiang region in western part, due to special physical geographic environment, run into some problems in introducing a fine variety, the fast-growing of bamboo willow does not fully show.
Such as the surrounding area, Takla Makan Desert in Xinjiang, sunshine-duration is long, and temperature is high, cold summer heat, day and night temperature is big, windy and xeothermic, frost-free period is long, in the process cultivating bamboo Liu Miao, meet the erosion of high temperature, hot dry wind, the top cutting that bamboo willow skewer cutting is appeared there will be quickly withered, spreads to below ground gradually, causes cutting to drain the phenomena of mortality. And in the cutting growing branch and leaf, though blade is curling, but the cutting being exposed to earth's surface sends out branch junction skin zone still for green with new, though the cutting in soil is taken root, but skin zone has brown plaque, adventitious root mostly to be the only son and heir more, above-mentioned situation makes that cutting growth potential is weak, survival rate is low.
Bamboo willow germinates early, after, ice dissolution warm at sky cyclostrophic, bamboo willow germinates, and now, nursery lot is muddy, people's car cannot enter ground, and when spring transplants, bamboo willow germinates, there is back bud phenomenon in nursery stock, in forestry, conventional measure is that cutting strunk field planting guarantor survives, and has thus virtually delayed the annual growth amount of bamboo willow, the fast growing of bamboo willow is caused harmful effect.
Therefore, the method for the bamboo willow seedling raising plantation of a kind of geographical environment special for arid area, particularly Arid Area in Xinjiang is just arisen at the historic moment.
Summary of the invention
The method that it is an object of the invention to provide bamboo willow seedling raising in a kind of geographical environment special for arid area, particularly Arid Area in Xinjiang.
Husky bed prepares: select smooth ground or platform construction sand bed: bottom paving 20��30cm thickness cobblestone or gravel, cobblestone or gravel layer top repave river sand thick for 20��30cm as nursery sand bed, install rainer: highly installing micro-sprinkling irrigation spray head from Shamian Island 20��35cm.
Micro-sprinkling irrigation spray head is preferably reflective micro-sprinkling irrigation spray head, and mini sprinkler range of flow is typically between 20��240L/h.
Electromagnetic valve and fertilizer spreading tank are installed.
Sterilization: before enabling 2��3 days, sprays husky bed sterilization with the potassium permanganate of weight percent concentration 2��5%.
Underground layering: late July, selects rugosity at 0.6��2cm, without the annotinous branch of pest and disease damage, goes to its two, be cut into the branch section of 50��100cm, erase all blades, and branch spacing 1��3cm is laid on husky bed, covers the river sand of 2��3cm thickness.
Water spray: after branch is all embedded in sand, namely enables rainer and spray water, makes river sand keep moisture state.
Plant division: after 5��8 days, the bamboo Ramulus Salicis Babylonicae being embedded on husky bed starts to tell green, grows twig, skin zone's pore place bottom old branch, grows 2��3 adventitious roots, when twig length is to more than 8cm, general 8��12cm, by mother's branch by the segmentation of ground twig number, namely retaining a twig by each section of female branch and carry out being partitioned into independent plant, specifically between two twigs, river sand is pushed aside, expose old branch, old branch is cut off, continues to bury husky 2��3cm, make twig become independent individual.
Manage after plant division: after plant division, daytime is by every 8��20 minutes water sprays once, water spray 1��3 minute every time, night does not spray water, keep that blade has water smoke, after 5��8 days, by within every 5��8 days, being replace sprinkling 1��3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 10��20%Hoagland nutritional solution a cycle once, namely this cycle sprays 1��3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once, and the lower cycle will then spray 10��20%Hoagland nutritional solution once; Late August starts seedling exercising, sprayed a water by every 1��2 week, namely obtains the seedling of the present invention after 30��40 days.
As improve technical scheme, after plant division, when the environment lowest temperature is lower than 5 DEG C or the highest temperature lower than less than 15 DEG C time, seedling can be carried out survival after transplant, survival after transplant process is as follows:
Wholely: soil is ploughed deeply, smooth after as nursery lot, in nursery lot, open the deep ditch of 15��20cm by line-spacing 60��100cm, lay drip irrigation pipe, dripper spacing is 40��60cm, and dripping end flow controls to be advisable at 1��3L/ hour.
Above-mentioned drip irrigation pipe is preferably buried, the depth of burying 10��20cm.
Seedling replanting: give seedling spray in husky bed once permeable before transplanting, with take with, seedling is placed in nursery lot the bottom of trench held successfully by spacing in the rows 40��60cm, buries soil, carry Seedling, make root system tread after unfolding, drip once permeable immediately, about 2 hours, see with ground surface soil and wet as standard, dripped once permeable every 3��5 days afterwards, after 2��4 water of drip irrigation, dripped once freeze-up to soil at interval of 15��20 days.
A winter irrigation water is preferably watered before soil is freeze-up.
Advantage: drip irrigation pipe with seedling on one wire, is conducive to mechanical fertilization in the coming year. Drip irrigation below the surface pipe uses the time longer than the open country drip irrigation zone time, and is not exposed to windburn.
After Second Year beginning of spring, liquid manure is preferably by management claimed below:
Pour water: after thawing, a flood is watered in best flood irrigation, after April, within general 5��15 days, pour once, start by the end of August to control water in good time, within 15��20 days, drip once, restriction bamboo willow growth, its branch short is aging so that surviving the winter, before entering the winter, a flood is watered in best flood irrigation, can keep longer air humidity, is conducive to the growth of bamboo willow and survives the winter.
Fertilising: be typically in by the end of April, agricultural machinery ditching-fertilizing is used between line-spacing, chase after into farm manure or carbamide 10��20Kg/ mu and calcium superphosphate 20��30Kg/ mu, then repeatedly lack with water for 6��July into drip execute soluble nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer, the proportioning of N P and K is at 25:15:10��40:25:10 as well, situation according to soil measurement formula makes the appropriate adjustments, and in order to increase tree body resistance, the good fertilizer of currently used water solublity is the card fourth auxotype fertilizer N:P that Hebei Meng Bang water-soluble fertilizer company limited produces2O5: K2O is 25:15:10. Once instill 3��5 kgs/acre with water.
Beat side shoot: in mid-June, cut off the whole side shoot of plant height less than 2/3, keep less than 1.5 meters of forest land ventilation and penetrating light.
Compared with prior art, the present invention builds microenvironment and carries out batch nursery by spraying, institute's nursery is upright strengthens and size uniformity, processes without root-growing agent or root-inducing powder, but many 2��3 of the Seedling that plant root is educated than bamboo willow pressure equipment breeding and seedling technology, thus plant growing way is strong, particularly breeding coefficient is high, is usually more than 8 times of normal cutting propagation nursery, and intensive degree is high, using manpower and material resources sparingly, unit are emergence rate is high.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1: husky bed prepares: select the smooth ground of size 20��30 square meter to build husky bed: bottom paving 20cm thickness cobblestone or gravel, cobblestone or gravel layer top repave river sand thick for 30cm as nursery sand bed, rainer is installed: from Shamian Island 30cm, reflective micro-sprinkling irrigation spray head is highly being installed, sprinkler spacing 1 meter, mini sprinkler range of flow is typically in 40��50L/h. Electromagnetic valve, fertilizer spreading tank and control device are installed.
Before enabling 3 days, spray husky bed sterilization with the potassium permanganate of weight percent concentration 3%.
Late July, select rugosity at 0.6��2cm, without the annotinous branch of pest and disease damage, go to its two, it is cut into the branch section of 50��100cm, erase all blades, be laid on husky bed by branch spacing 2cm, cover the thick river sand of 2��3cm, enable rainer immediately to spray water, make the moisture state that river sand keeps 70��80%.
Plant division: after 7 days, the bamboo Ramulus Salicis Babylonicae being embedded on husky bed starts to tell green, grows twig, skin zone's pore place bottom old branch, grow 2��3 adventitious roots, when twig length to 8��12cm, by mother's branch by the segmentation of ground twig number, namely retain a twig by each section of female branch to carry out being partitioned into independent plant, specifically between two twigs, river sand is pushed aside, exposes old branch, is cut off by old branch, continue to bury husky 2��3cm, make each twig become independent individual.
After plant division, daytime is by every 8��20 minutes water sprays once, water spray 1��3 minute every time, night does not spray water, keep that blade has water smoke, after 5��8 days, by within every 5��8 days, being replace sprinkling 1��3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 10��20%Hoagland nutritional solution a cycle once, namely this cycle sprays 1��3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once, and the lower cycle will then spray 10��20%Hoagland nutritional solution once;Late August starts seedling exercising, gradually reduces water spray number of times, progressively reduces to water of spray in every 1��2 week, namely obtain the seedling of the present invention after 30��40 days in 5��10 days.
Seedling can being carried out survival after transplant when the environment lowest temperature is lower than 5 DEG C, survival after transplant process is as follows:
Soil is ploughed deeply, as nursery lot after smooth, nursery lot opens the deep ditch of 15cm by line-spacing 60cm, drip irrigation pipe is laid at bottom of trench, dripper spacing is 40cm, dripping end flow controls at 3L/ hour, give seedling spray in husky bed once permeable before transplanting, seedling with take with, seedling is placed in nursery lot the bottom of trench held successfully by spacing in the rows 40cm, bury soil, carry Seedling, root system is made to tread after unfolding, drip once permeable immediately, about 2 hours, or see with ground surface soil and to wet as standard, dripped once permeable every 3��5 days afterwards, after 2��4 water of drip irrigation, reduce to and dripped once freeze-up to soil at interval of 15��20 days, a winter irrigation water is watered again before soil is freeze-up.
By management claimed below after Second Year beginning of spring:
Water: after thawing, a flood is watered in flood irrigation, after April, within general 5��15 days, pour once, start by the end of August to control water in good time, within 15��20 days, drip once, restriction bamboo willow growth, its branch short is aging so that surviving the winter, before entering the winter, a flood is watered in flood irrigation again, can keep longer air humidity, is conducive to the growth of bamboo willow and survives the winter.
Fertilising: by the end of April, agricultural machinery ditching-fertilizing is used between line-spacing, chase after into farm manure or carbamide 10��20Kg/ mu and calcium superphosphate 20��30Kg/ mu, 6��July then executes soluble nitrogen with water droplet, phosphorus, potash fertilizer, soil, Xinjiang is generally rich in potassium, the proportioning of N P and K is at 25:15:10��40:25:10 as well, situation according to soil measurement formula makes the appropriate adjustments, there are two extreme temperatures in Xinjiang, one is summer high temperature, air humidity is little, two is that winter is cold, in order to increase tree body resistance, the good fertilizer of currently used water solublity is the card fourth auxotype fertilizer N:P that Hebei Meng Bang water-soluble fertilizer company limited produces2O5: K2O is 25:15:10, once instills 3��5 kgs/acre with water.
Beat side shoot: in mid-June, cut off the whole side shoot of plant height less than 2/3, keep less than 1.5 meters of forest land ventilation and penetrating light.
Embodiment 2: husky bed prepares: select the smooth ground of size 20��30 square meter to build husky bed: bottom paving 20cm thickness cobblestone or gravel, cobblestone or gravel layer top repave river sand thick for 30cm as nursery sand bed, rainer is installed: from Shamian Island 30cm, reflective micro-sprinkling irrigation spray head is highly being installed, sprinkler spacing 1 meter, mini sprinkler range of flow is typically in 40��50L/h. Electromagnetic valve, fertilizer spreading tank and control device are installed.
Before enabling 3 days, spray husky bed sterilization with the potassium permanganate of weight percent concentration 3%.
Late July, select rugosity at 0.6��2cm, without the annotinous branch of pest and disease damage, go to its two, it is cut into the branch section of 50��100cm, erase all blades, be laid on husky bed by branch spacing 2cm, cover the thick river sand of 2��3cm, enable rainer immediately to spray water, make the moisture state that river sand keeps 70��80%.
Plant division: after 6��8 days, the bamboo Ramulus Salicis Babylonicae being embedded on husky bed starts to tell green, grows twig, skin zone's pore place bottom old branch, grow 2��3 adventitious roots, when twig length to 8��12cm, by mother's branch by the segmentation of ground twig number, namely retain a twig by each section of female branch to carry out being partitioned into independent plant, specifically between two twigs, river sand is pushed aside, exposes old branch, is cut off by old branch, continue to bury husky 2��3cm, make each twig become independent individual.
After plant division, daytime is by every 8��20 minutes water sprays once, water spray 1��3 minute every time, night does not spray water, keep that blade has water smoke, after 5��8 days, by within every 5��8 days, being replace sprinkling 1��3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 10��20%Hoagland nutritional solution a cycle once, namely this cycle sprays 10��20%Hoagland nutritional solution once, and the lower cycle will then spray 1��3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once; Late August starts seedling exercising, gradually reduces water spray number of times, progressively reduces to water of spray in every 1��2 week, namely obtain the seedling of the present invention after 30��40 days in 5��10 days.
Seedling can being carried out survival after transplant when the environment lowest temperature is lower than 5 DEG C, survival after transplant process is as follows:
Soil is ploughed deeply, as nursery lot after smooth, nursery lot opens the deep ditch of 20cm by line-spacing 60cm, drip irrigation pipe is laid at the 10cm place of ditch, dripper spacing is 60cm, dripping end flow controls at 3��4L/ hour, give seedling spray in husky bed once permeable before transplanting, seedling with take with, seedling is placed in nursery lot the bottom of trench held successfully by spacing in the rows 60cm, bury soil, carry Seedling, root system is made to tread after unfolding, drip once permeable immediately, about 2 hours, or see with ground surface soil and to wet as standard, dripped once permeable every 3��5 days afterwards, after 2��4 water of drip irrigation, reduce to and dripped once freeze-up to soil at interval of 15��20 days, a winter irrigation water is watered again before soil is freeze-up.
By management claimed below after Second Year beginning of spring:
Water: after thawing, a flood is watered in flood irrigation, after mid-April, within general 5��15 days, pour once, start by the end of August to control water, dripped once by 15��20 days, restriction bamboo willow growth, its branch short is aging so that surviving the winter, before entering the winter, a flood is watered in flood irrigation again, can keep longer air humidity, is conducive to the growth of bamboo willow and survives the winter.
Fertilising: by the end of April, agricultural machinery ditching-fertilizing is used between line-spacing, chase after into farm manure or carbamide 10��20Kg/ mu and calcium superphosphate 20��30Kg/ mu, 6��July then executes soluble nitrogen with water droplet, phosphorus, potash fertilizer, soil, Xinjiang is generally rich in potassium, the proportioning of N P and K between 25:15:10��40:25:10 as well, situation according to soil measurement formula can make the appropriate adjustments, there are two extreme temperatures in Xinjiang, one is summer high temperature, air humidity is little, two is that winter is cold, in order to increase tree body resistance, the good fertilizer of currently used water solublity is the card fourth auxotype fertilizer N:P that Hebei Meng Bang water-soluble fertilizer company limited produces2O5: K2O is 25:15:10, once instills 3��5 kgs/acre with water.
Beat side shoot: in mid-June, cut off the whole side shoot of plant height less than 2/3, keep less than 1.5 meters of forest land ventilation and penetrating light.
Claims (9)
1. the method for an arid area bamboo willow seedling raising, it is characterised in that comprise procedure below:
Husky bed prepares: select smooth ground or platform construction sand bed: bottom paving 20��30cm thickness cobblestone or gravel, cobblestone or gravel layer top repave river sand thick for 20��30cm as nursery sand bed, install rainer: highly installing micro-sprinkling irrigation spray head from Shamian Island 20��35cm;
Sterilization: before enabling 2��3 days, sprays husky bed sterilization with the potassium permanganate of weight percent concentration 2��5%;
Underground layering: late July, select footpath slightly at 0.6��2cm, without the annotinous branch of pest and disease damage, go to its two, be cut into the branch section of 50��100cm, erase all blades, branch spacing 1��3cm is laid on husky bed, covers the river sand of 2��3cm thickness;
Water spray: after branch is all embedded in sand, namely enables rainer and spray water, makes river sand keep moisture state;
Plant division: after 5��8 days, the bamboo Ramulus Salicis Babylonicae being embedded on husky bed starts to tell green, grows twig, skin zone's pore place bottom old branch, grow 2��3 adventitious roots, when twig length is to more than 8cm, by mother's branch by the segmentation of ground twig number, namely retain a twig by each section of female branch to carry out being partitioned into independent plant, specifically between two twigs, river sand is pushed aside, exposes old branch, is cut off by old branch, continue to bury husky 2��3cm, make twig become independent individual;
Manage after plant division: after plant division, daytime is by every 8��20 minutes water sprays once, water spray 1��3 minute every time, night does not spray water, keep that blade has water smoke, after 5��8 days, by within 5��8 days, being replace sprinkling 1��3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 10��20%Hoagland nutritional solution a cycle once, namely this cycle sprays 1��3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once, and the lower cycle will then spray 10��20%Hoagland nutritional solution once; Late August starts seedling exercising, sprayed a water by every 1��2 week, namely obtains seedling after 30��40 days;
After plant division, when the environment lowest temperature is lower than 5 DEG C or during the highest temperature less than 15 DEG C, seedling carrying out survival after transplant, survival after transplant process is as follows:
Wholely: soil is ploughed deeply, smooth after as nursery lot, in nursery lot, open the deep ditch of 15��20cm by line-spacing 60��100cm, lay drip irrigation pipe, dripper spacing is 40��60cm, and dripping end flow controls at 1��3L/ hour;
Seedling replanting: give seedling spray in husky bed once permeable before transplanting, with take with, seedling is planted Yu Gouzhong by spacing in the rows 40��60cm in nursery lot, drip once permeable immediately, dripped once permeable every 3��5 days afterwards, after 2��4 water of drip irrigation, dripped once freeze-up to soil at interval of 15��20 days.
2. the method for arid area according to claim 1 bamboo willow seedling raising, it is characterised in that: described plant division carries out in twig length to 8��12cm.
3. the method for arid area according to claim 1 and 2 bamboo willow seedling raising, it is characterised in that: described drip irrigation pipe is buried, the depth of burying 10��20cm.
4. the method for arid area according to claim 1 and 2 bamboo willow seedling raising, it is characterised in that: after Second Year beginning of spring, liquid manure is by management claimed below:
Pouring water: after thawing, a flood is watered in flood irrigation, and after April, 5��15 days drip irrigations once, start to control water by the end of August in good time, within 15��20 days, drip once;
Fertilising: by the end of April, use agricultural machinery ditching-fertilizing between line-spacing, chases after into farm manure or carbamide 10��20Kg/ mu and calcium superphosphate 20��30Kg/ mu, and 6��July then executes soluble nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer with water droplet;
Beat side shoot: in mid-June, cut off the whole side shoot of plant height less than 2/3, keep less than 1.5 meters of forest land ventilation and penetrating light.
5. the method for arid area according to claim 3 bamboo willow seedling raising, it is characterised in that: after Second Year beginning of spring, liquid manure is by management claimed below:
Pouring water: after thawing, a flood is watered in flood irrigation, after April, within 5��15 days, pours once, starts to control water by the end of August in good time, within 15��20 days, drips once;
Fertilising: by the end of April, use agricultural machinery ditching-fertilizing between line-spacing, chases after into farm manure or carbamide 10��20Kg/ mu and calcium superphosphate 20��30Kg/ mu, and 6��July then executes soluble nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer with water droplet;
Beat side shoot: in mid-June, cut off the whole side shoot of plant height less than 2/3, keep less than 1.5 meters of forest land ventilation and penetrating light.
6. the method for arid area according to claim 4 bamboo willow seedling raising, it is characterised in that: before entering the winter, a flood is watered in flood irrigation.
7. the method for arid area according to claim 4 bamboo willow seedling raising, it is characterised in that: described nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer proportioning at 25��40:15��25:10, once with water instill 3��5 kgs/acre.
8. the method for arid area according to claim 5 bamboo willow seedling raising, it is characterised in that: described nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer proportioning at 25��40:15��25:10, once with water instill 3��5 kgs/acre.
9. the method for arid area according to claim 6 bamboo willow seedling raising, it is characterised in that: described nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer proportioning at 25��40:15��25:10, once with water instill 3��5 kgs/acre.
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| CN104798643A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-07-29 | 安徽华宇工艺品集团有限公司 | High-yield planting method of green-branch willow |
| CN104782349A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-07-22 | 安徽华宇工艺品集团有限公司 | Efficient planting method for Salix purpurea |
| CN104798566A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-07-29 | 安徽华宇工艺品集团有限公司 | Insect-resistant cutting seedling method of salix integra |
| CN105532348A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-05-04 | 宋文波 | Bamboo willow seedling greenhouse rapid seedling cultivation method |
| CN107409915A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2017-12-01 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | A kind of method of blue or green money willow underground layering breeding nursery stock |
| CN111557197A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-08-21 | 霸州市禹德农业科技有限公司 | Magnolia liliiflora division planting method |
| CN114451203A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2022-05-10 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Low-temperature storage seedling raising method for salix mongolica |
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