CN104798643A - High-yield planting method of green-branch willow - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-yield planting method of green-branch willow. The method comprises the steps of (1) treating the soil for cutting planting and seedling; (2) selecting cutting branches; (3) treating the cutting branches; (4) cutting; (5) managing after cutting; (6) transplanting; (7) daily managing. With the adoption of the method, the survive rate of the treated green-branch willow is high; diseases and insect pests are reduced; a large amount of seedlings per unit area can be cultured; the land can be saved; the economic benefit is high.

Description

A kind of rascal willow high-yield planting method

Technical field

The invention belongs to nursery stock nursery field, be specifically related to a kind of rascal willow high-yield planting method.

Background technology

Purple willow is a kind of important wicker plaiting article raw material, also be a kind of important economic crops, rascal willow growing way is good, branch is sturdy, be applicable to the goods that braiding hardness is larger, it is a kind of very important wicker plaiting article raw material, but adopt cuttage to plant in present planting process, because growing-seedling period is longer, seedling only needs less space to complete in nursery and early growth process, but often uses wider spacing nursery in existing seedling growing process, no longer transplants in late growing stage process, so just cause land use rate lower, and not easily manage in early stage.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide a kind of rascal willow high-yield planting method, by changing existing nursery and implantation methods, the survival rate of nursery is high, and land use rate is high.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A kind of rascal willow high-yield planting method, comprises the following steps:

(1), cuttage plantation nursery soil treatment

Application of organic fertilizers 800kg/ mu, cracked cinder 350kg/ mu, dried peppermint leaf 15kg/ mu, quicklime 110kg/ mu in planting soil, above-mentioned each raw material is evenly sprinkling upon in soil, then ploughing makes it fully mix with soil, planting soil is ploughed deeply 30cm, irrigates, use plastic mulching soil, during covering, mulch film becomes ridge to cover, every row spacing 15cm, distance between the ridges 5-10cm;

(2), cuttage branch is selected

Select 2-3 to give birth to, grow, be that the rascal withy bar of 7-8cm is as cuttage branch with the length of axillalry bud, cuttage branch is put into treatment fluid under 1.2 standard atmospheric pressures and soaks 20h, described treatment fluid is the cooling fluid of the root of kudzu vine 2 parts, 1.5 parts, the leaf of bamboo, cogongrass rhizome 9 parts, purple perilla 3.2 parts, aloe 1.8 parts, reticulate millettia 2.6 parts, glucose 6.5 parts, 100 parts, water mixing decoction 1h by weight, after immersion completes, stand-by for cuttage branch is carried out cutting, from top, axillary bud growth direction 2cm horizontal truncation, be cut into inclined-plane from axillalry bud bottom 4cm;

(3), cuttage branch process

Inorganic agent is used to process the fracture at cuttage branch top, inorganic agent is prepared by the following method: use sealwort 6 parts, rheum officinale 7 parts by weight, peppermint 15 parts, field thistle 4 parts add water 100 parts and decoct 1h and obtain liquid, after liquid is cooled, add 9 parts, urea, mix, obtain inorganic agent; Cuttage branch bottom bevel uses the mixed liquor process of 3 parts, copper sulphate, 4.5 parts, urea, 40 parts, water;

(4), cuttage

Annual mid-March carries out cuttage, 3-5 days before cuttage, the mulch film covered soil becoming ridge takes off, during cuttage, the cuttage branch inclined-plane handled well is downward, and axillalry bud upwards carries out cuttage, and cuttage branch top is positioned at 1.5cm under soil surface, embark on journey during cuttage and carry out cuttage, cutting density is 4cm*4cm;

(5), manage after cuttage

Within after branch cutting 3 days, water 1 time, after sprouting, then carry out watering, topdressing;

(6), cultivation is divided

Grow to highly for carrying out a point cultivation process during 20-25cm the seedling of cuttage plantation, divide before planting, mixed fertilizer is used respectively with planting with dividing to nursery, amount of application is 500kg/ mu, and mixed fertilizer is made up of following pulp furnish by weight: farmyard manure 75 parts, 10 parts, urea, potassium sulfate 3 parts, boric acid 0.5 part, herb liquid 2 parts; Wherein herb liquid is made up of the 20 parts of decoctions that add water of the wind-weed 2 parts, the capsule of weeping forsythia 3 parts, 8 parts, gypsum, the bark of official magnolia 5 parts, 1 part, saltcake, caulis bambusae in taenian 0.8 part, the root bark of white mulberry 3 parts by weight; During transplanting, uprooped by rascal willow seedling, making to extract the planting density remaining rascal willow in rear nursery is 8*12cm, and planted with embarking on journey by the rascal willow seedling pulled up from nursery into a point cultivation ground, plantation density is 8*12cm;

(7), daily management

Topdress when rascal willow grows to 0.8-1m once, use the mixed fertilizer in step (6), topdressing amount is 1000kg/ mu, and carries out weeding, waters, drain flooded fields when rainfall is plentiful when arid.

Preferably, in described step (2), the inclined-plane of cuttage branch is positioned at the branch bottom of axillalry bud opposite side.

Beneficial effect of the present invention: rascal willow high-yield planting method provided by the invention is first by improveing the technique of cuttage and seedling culture, about 8cm will be foreshortened to by cuttage more than branch 12cm in the past, shorten the length of cuttage branch, reduce the usage amount of kind of bar, both cost had been saved, greatly can improve again the quantity of unit are cuttage seeding, and purple willow nursery stock growing way is even, survival rate is high, simultaneously, improve the resistance against diseases of rascal willow seedling, in seedling raising process, there is jaundice in rascal willow, the probability of nematodosis reduces greatly, treatment fluid cost used in the present invention is low, reduce the cost of nursery, improve the economic worth of nursery, simultaneously, owing to shortening the length of cuttage branch, reduce bacterial number on kind of bar, reduce the probability that nursery stock morphs, its adaptability is strengthened, promote the survival rate of nursery stock, adopt nursery dense planting, divide the mode of planting thin planting, improve the availability in soil.Dividing before planting and use mixed fertilizer, can, when being pulled up by seedling, fertilizer fully being mixed with soil, improve the fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer, add Chinese medicinal ingredients in fertilizer, make fertilizer have disease-resistant, pest-resistant effect, improve the growth rate of rascal willow.

Embodiment

A kind of rascal willow high-yield planting method, comprises the following steps:

(1), cuttage planting soil process

Application of organic fertilizers 800kg/ mu, cracked cinder 350kg/ mu, dried peppermint leaf 15kg/ mu, quicklime 110kg/ mu in planting soil, above-mentioned each raw material is evenly sprinkling upon in soil, then ploughing makes it fully mix with soil, planting soil is ploughed deeply 30cm, waters permeable, use plastic mulching soil, during covering, mulch film becomes ridge to cover, every row spacing 15cm, distance between the ridges 5-10cm; Use above-mentioned fertilizer and both can have sterilization, kill the effect of worm's ovum, enough nutrients can be provided again, improve the gas permeability of soil, regulate P in soil H to make it be suitable for cuttage seeding and sprout, after watering, use plastic mulching, both volatilization can have been prevented too fast, the soil under plastic mulching can have been made again completely moist, also help soil moisture conservation, the spacing of mulch film can make moisture evaporation unnecessary in soil, makes the humidity of soil be applicable to rascal willow and sprouts;

(2), cuttage branch is selected

Select 2-3 raw, grow, length with axillalry bud is that the rascal withy bar of 7-8cm is as cuttage branch, cuttage branch is put into treatment fluid under 1.2 standard atmospheric pressures and soaks 20h, described treatment fluid is the root of kudzu vine 2 parts by weight, 1.5 parts, the leaf of bamboo, cogongrass rhizome 9 parts, purple perilla 3.2 parts, aloe 1.8 parts, reticulate millettia 2.6 parts, glucose 6.5 parts, the mixing of 100 parts, water decocts the cooling fluid of 1h, after immersion completes, stand-by for cuttage branch is carried out cutting, from top, axillary bud growth direction 2cm horizontal truncation, inclined-plane is cut into from axillalry bud bottom 4cm, be conducive to nursery stock to take root, carry out immersion treatment and can improve rooting efficiency, the disease resistance of cuttage branch can also be strengthened, the germ on cuttage branch can also be killed,

(3), cuttage branch process

Inorganic agent is used to process the fracture at cuttage branch top, inorganic agent is prepared by the following method: use sealwort 6 parts, rheum officinale 7 parts by weight, peppermint 15 parts, field thistle 4 parts add water 100 parts and decoct 1h and obtain liquid, after liquid is cooled, add 9 parts, urea, mix, obtain inorganic agent, can necrosis be prevented, promote axillary bud sprouting; The mixed liquor process of 3 parts, copper sulphate, 4.5 parts, urea, 40 parts, water is used bottom cuttage branch, can hestening rooting;

(4), cuttage

Annual mid-March carries out cuttage, make soil temperature more than 10 DEG C, 3-5 days before cuttage, the mulch film covered soil becoming ridge takes off, make moisture evaporation unnecessary in soil, improve the gas permeability of soil, improve cuttage seeding survival rate, during cuttage, by downward for the cuttage branch inclined-plane handled well, axillalry bud upwards carries out cuttage, and cuttage branch top is positioned at 1.5cm under soil surface, and cutting density is 4cm*4cm;

(5), manage after cuttage

Within after branch cutting 3 days, water 1 time, be conducive to surviving, after sprouting, then water, and carry out applying fertilizer, weeding, insect protected operation;

(6), cultivation is divided

Grow to highly for carrying out a point cultivation process during 20-25cm the seedling of cuttage plantation, divide before planting, mixed fertilizer is used respectively with planting with dividing to nursery, amount of application is 500kg/ mu, and mixed fertilizer is made up of following pulp furnish by weight: farmyard manure 75 parts, 10 parts, urea, potassium sulfate 3 parts, boric acid 0.5 part, herb liquid 2 parts; Wherein herb liquid is made up of the 20 parts of decoctions that add water of the wind-weed 2 parts, the capsule of weeping forsythia 3 parts, 8 parts, gypsum, the bark of official magnolia 5 parts, 1 part, saltcake, caulis bambusae in taenian 0.8 part, the root bark of white mulberry 3 parts by weight; During transplanting, uprooped by rascal willow seedling, make the planting density of extracting rascal willow in rear nursery be 8*12cm, planted with embarking on journey by the rascal willow seedling pulled up from nursery into a point cultivation ground, plantation density is 8*12cm; Adopt and plant in this way, the mode of dense planting is adopted when nursery, both can ensure the survival rate of nursery, the availability in soil can have been improved again, when dividing cultivation, seedling is carried out a point cultivation, owing to often needing 2-3 month from nursery to a point cultivation, during this period, point cultivation ground may be used for planting other crops, substantially increase the availability of soil, improve economic worth; Divide and plant 5-6 times that ground area is about nursery area, in growing-seedling period, divide and may be used for planting other crops with planting, substantially increase the availability of soil, reduce the cost of plantation, reaching 20-25cm at seedling height, to carry out point planting the survival rate after not only dividing cultivation high, and the phase carries out the growth rate that point cultivation can improve rascal willow at this moment;

(7), daily management

Topdress when rascal willow grows to 0.8-1m once, use the mixed fertilizer in step (6), topdressing amount is 1000kg/ mu, and carries out weeding, waters, drain flooded fields when rainfall is plentiful when arid.

In described step (2), the inclined-plane of cuttage branch is positioned at the branch bottom of axillalry bud opposite side.

Experiment 1:

Experimental group is cuttage branch length is the branch of 8cm with axillalry bud, uses step of the present invention to process, then carries out cuttage; Contrast groups 1 is directly only use the treatment fluid in step (2), (3) or inorganic agent to process at cuttage branch, and cuttage branch length is the branch of 8cm with axillalry bud, but step (1) does not carry out aluminum coated steel, and other conditions are identical with the present invention; Contrast groups 2 is directly use the treatment fluid in step (2), (3) or inorganic agent to process at cuttage branch, do not use dried peppermint leaf in step (1) simultaneously, but carry out aluminum coated steel, cuttage branch length is the branch of 8cm with axillalry bud, and treatment fluid processing method is all identical with the present invention; Contrast groups 3 is directly use the treatment fluid in step (2), (3) or inorganic agent to process at cuttage branch, and cuttage branch is length is the branch of 12cm with axillalry bud, and treatment fluid, processing method are all identical with the present invention; Each group all uses 500 cuttage branches to test, and other conditions are all identical with the present invention, observe each result of the test after 30 days, and experiment carries out 3 times, results averaged:

Table 1 is that taking root of this test counts and survive number statistics:

	Survive number	Survival rate	Always to take root number	Root system average length (cm)
					Experimental group	452	90.4%	4670	10.5
Contrast groups 1	412	82.4%	3412	6.8
					Contrast groups 2	398	79.6%	3328	7.2
Contrast groups 3	375	75%	3315	9.2

Table 1

As shown in Table 1, the aluminum coated steel used in seedling raising process in the present invention and use dried peppermint leaf all can promote that rascal willow survives and takes root in soil, and in the present invention, use shorter branch to plant in unit are and compared with long shoot bar, there is higher survival rate than using, because cuttage branch is long, take up space comparatively large, survival rate is low, and the present invention can improve the nursery output of unit are rascal willow.

Experiment 2 checking uses the survival rate of the cuttage that treatment fluid of the present invention or inorganic agent process are inorganic agent with the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of use 0.5% in seedling raising process

Experimental group uses method of the present invention to process; Treatment fluid in step (2) in the present invention or inorganic agent use the naphthalene acid solution of 0.5% to substitute by contrast groups 1, and other steps are constant; Treatment fluid in step (3) in the present invention or inorganic agent use the naphthalene acid solution of 0.5% to substitute by contrast groups 2, and other steps are constant; Step (2) in the present invention, the treatment fluid in (3) or inorganic agent all use the naphthalene acid solution of 0.5% to substitute by comparative trial (3), and other steps are constant; Each group uses 500 cuttage branches to test respectively, statistics after 60 days, and experiment carries out 3 times, results averaged;

The experimental result that table 2 is experiment 2:

	Survive quantity	Survival rate	Jaundice quantity	Nematodosis quantity	More than 10cm root total quantity	Average plant height (cm)
							Experimental group	448	89.6%	4	3	4212	23.7
Contrast groups 1	394	78.8%	27	23	3976	18.2
							Contrast groups 2	384	76.8%	8	10	3982	17.8
Contrast groups 3	371	74.2%	42	27	3720	17.2

Table 2

As shown in Table 2, the inorganic agent that the present invention uses or treatment fluid use rationally, both can improve the survival rate of cuttage and seedling culture, also can reduce the incidence of its disease, and the growth rate of plant is faster.

Testing 3 is that checking divides the mixed fertilizer and other effect of fertilizer of use that use this law bright when planting

Experimental group uses fertilizer of the present invention, and seedling average height is 20cm, and planting density is 8*12cm; Contrast groups 1 uses farmyard manure 75 parts, 10 parts, urea, potassium sulfate 3 parts, boric acid 0.5 part by weight the fertilizer of mixing, and seedling average height is 25cm, and planting density is 8*12cm; Contrast groups 2 uses farmyard manure, and seedling average height is 25cm, and planting density is 8*12cm; Contrast groups 3 uses farmyard manure 75 parts, 10 parts, urea, potassium sulfate 3 parts, boric acid 0.5 part, herb liquid 2 parts by weight the fertilizer of mixing, wherein herb liquid is made up of the wind-weed 2 parts, the capsule of weeping forsythia 3 parts, 8 parts, gypsum, the bark of official magnolia 5 parts, 1 part, saltcake, water 20 parts of decoctions by weight, seedling average height is 25cm, and planting density is 8*12cm; Contrast groups 4 uses farmyard manure 75 parts, 10 parts, urea, potassium sulfate 3 parts, boric acid 0.5 part, herb liquid 2 parts by weight the fertilizer of mixing, wherein herb liquid is made up of the 20 parts of decoctions that add water of the wind-weed 2 parts, the capsule of weeping forsythia 3 parts, the bark of official magnolia 5 parts, 1 part, saltcake, caulis bambusae in taenian 0.8 part, the root bark of white mulberry 3 parts by weight, seedling average height is 25cm, and planting density is 8*12cm; Every applying fertilizer 500kg/ mu per mu, other conditions are identical, and each group all plants 1 mu of rascal willow, and every component becomes 100 pieces to test fields record disease data, and crop cycle is 6 months, record growth data, harvesting, statistics, result as table 3,

	Output (kg/ mu)	Average height (cm)	There is experiment field quantity in cutworm	Cutworm incidence (/ %)	There is experiment field quantity in maggot	Maggot incidence (/ %)
							Experimental group	2443	152	3	3	2	2
Contrast groups 1	1785	124	12	12	14	14
							Contrast groups 2	1595	118	13	13	13	13
Contrast groups 3	2015	137	8	8	7	7
							Contrast groups 4	2134	136	6	6	5	5

Table 3

As shown in Table 3, use fertilizer of the present invention to plant rascal willow fast growth, soil insect incidence is low, and purple willow bar growing way is good, and output has and significantly promotes, and after changing herb liquid composition, damage by disease and insect incidence also promotes to some extent, and output also declines.

Claims (2)

1. a rascal willow high-yield planting method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:

(1), cuttage plantation nursery soil treatment

Application of organic fertilizers 800kg/ mu, cracked cinder 350kg/ mu, dried peppermint leaf 15kg/ mu, quicklime 110kg/ mu in planting soil, above-mentioned each raw material is evenly sprinkling upon in soil, then ploughing makes it fully mix with soil, planting soil is ploughed deeply 30cm, irrigates, use plastic mulching soil, during covering, mulch film becomes ridge to cover, every row spacing 15cm, distance between the ridges 5-10cm;

(2), cuttage branch is selected

Select 2-3 to give birth to, grow, be that the rascal withy bar of 7-8cm is as cuttage branch with the length of axillalry bud, cuttage branch is put into treatment fluid under 1.2 standard atmospheric pressures and soaks 20h, described treatment fluid is the cooling fluid of the root of kudzu vine 2 parts, 1.5 parts, the leaf of bamboo, cogongrass rhizome 9 parts, purple perilla 3.2 parts, aloe 1.8 parts, reticulate millettia 2.6 parts, glucose 6.5 parts, 100 parts, water mixing decoction 1h by weight, after immersion completes, stand-by for cuttage branch is carried out cutting, from top, axillary bud growth direction 2cm horizontal truncation, be cut into inclined-plane from axillalry bud bottom 4cm;

(3), cuttage branch process

Inorganic agent is used to process the fracture at cuttage branch top, inorganic agent is prepared by the following method: use sealwort 6 parts, rheum officinale 7 parts by weight, peppermint 15 parts, field thistle 4 parts add water 100 parts and decoct 1h and obtain liquid, after liquid is cooled, add 9 parts, urea, mix, obtain inorganic agent; Cuttage branch bottom bevel uses the mixed liquor process of 3 parts, copper sulphate, 4.5 parts, urea, 40 parts, water;

(4), cuttage

Annual mid-March carries out cuttage, 3-5 days before cuttage, the mulch film covered soil becoming ridge takes off, during cuttage, the cuttage branch inclined-plane handled well is downward, and axillalry bud upwards carries out cuttage, and cuttage branch top is positioned at 1.5cm under soil surface, embark on journey during cuttage and carry out cuttage, cutting density is 4cm*4cm;

(5), manage after cuttage

Within after branch cutting 3 days, water 1 time, after sprouting, then carry out watering, topdressing;

(6), cultivation is divided

Grow to highly for carrying out a point cultivation process during 20-25cm the seedling of cuttage plantation, divide before planting, mixed fertilizer is used respectively with planting with dividing to nursery, amount of application is 500kg/ mu, and mixed fertilizer is made up of following pulp furnish by weight: farmyard manure 75 parts, 10 parts, urea, potassium sulfate 3 parts, boric acid 0.5 part, herb liquid 2 parts; Wherein herb liquid is made up of the 20 parts of decoctions that add water of the wind-weed 2 parts, the capsule of weeping forsythia 3 parts, 8 parts, gypsum, the bark of official magnolia 5 parts, 1 part, saltcake, caulis bambusae in taenian 0.8 part, the root bark of white mulberry 3 parts by weight; During transplanting, uprooped by rascal willow seedling, making to extract the planting density remaining rascal willow in rear nursery is 8*12cm, and planted with embarking on journey by the rascal willow seedling pulled up from nursery into a point cultivation ground, plantation density is 8*12cm;

(7), daily management

Topdress when rascal willow grows to 0.8-1m once, use the mixed fertilizer in step (6), topdressing amount is 1000kg/ mu, and carries out weeding, waters, drain flooded fields when rainfall is plentiful when arid.

2. a kind of rascal willow high-yield planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (2), the inclined-plane of cuttage branch is positioned at the branch bottom of axillalry bud opposite side.