CN114271151A - Domestication method for improving cold resistance of autumn eggplant seedling pot culture by utilizing greenhouse - Google Patents
Domestication method for improving cold resistance of autumn eggplant seedling pot culture by utilizing greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a domestication method for improving the cold resistance of a kandelia candel seedling pot plant by utilizing a greenhouse. The domestication method has high latitude span and can be used for domesticating from Xiamen city of Fujian province with north latitude of about 24 degrees to Qingdao region of Shandong province with north latitude of about 37 degrees; the domestication method has short period, can finish domestication in a short time, can normally grow after transplantation, and has a domestication period of 2 years; the domestication method has high survival rate, and the survival rate after the domestication and the transplantation is 54.3-56.8%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a domestication method for improving the cold resistance of a autumn eggplant seedling pot culture by utilizing a greenhouse, belonging to the field of agriculture.
Background
Kandelia candel (Linn.) Druce/Kandelia obovata, Kandelia candel (Linn.) drupe, Kandelia tree of the family mangrove, a common variety of mangrove forest, with pen-like fruit shape and very similar mature-followed eggplant.
The plant is a common species in the red forest of Fujian, can be distributed to Zhejiang in the adjacent province towards the north, can be distributed to Hainan, hong Kong and Guangzhou towards the south, and can also be distributed in southeast Asia regions such as India, Burma, Thailand and the like, the fruit has quite high edible value, the industrial and medicinal value of the plant is also high, the beach deposition process can be promoted, the plant has the function of land building, can be used as a coastal protection forest, can play a role of protecting a dam, can purify pollution and protect the river sea, and as the plant grows in a warm environment in the south, the cold resistance of the plant is weak, the plant cannot be planted in the north, the value cannot be expanded, the cold resistance of the plant is improved by an acclimation method, and the defect that the plant cannot be planted in the north can be solved.
CN107960261B discloses a cold-resistant domestication method for Kandelia candel potted plants planted at high latitudes, which is to domesticate in a greenhouse by using a potting method, wherein from the domestication result, the domesticated growing environment is coastal near northern latitude 30 °, from the change of geographical position, the original growing area latitude is about 27 ° north latitude at the highest, the change is not great relative to the original growing area, the domesticated growing area cannot survive in a higher latitude area such as eastern coastal area with northern latitude of about 37 °, and the domesticated survival rate cannot be guaranteed under the condition that the change of the area is not great, the highest survival rate is only 38.9%, and the survival rate level is low.
CN110115203B discloses a method for cultivating and domesticating cold-resistant bamboo species in Bay of Liaodong at high latitude, which can make bamboo grow in high latitude after domestication, but adopts gradient domestication, the domestication period is longer, and the domestication time in high latitude area of non-natural planting area is 4-6 years.
In summary, the prior art has the following disadvantages:
(1) the existing domestication method, which has short domestication period, has poor cold resistance, low latitude span and low survival rate;
(2) the existing domestication method has high latitude span, large temperature difference between regions and long domestication time.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art, and the domestication conditions are controlled by greenhouse temperature control, soil, water source and other modes, so that the following purposes are achieved:
(1) the domestication method has short domestication period, good cold resistance after domestication, high latitude span and high survival rate;
(2) the acclimatization method has the advantages of high latitude span, large temperature difference between regions and short acclimatization time.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a domestication method for improving the cold resistance of a kandelia candel seedling pot plant by utilizing a greenhouse comprises plant selection, pot culture and domestication.
The following is a further improvement of the above technical solution:
the plant is selected from Kandelia candel seedlings with good shapes and vigorous growth and plant heights of 18-22 cm.
In the pot culture, seedling hardening is carried out on Kandelia candel seedlings in April, the seedling hardening temperature is 19-21 ℃, the illumination intensity is 1000-1300LUX, the illumination is 4-6h every day, the seedling hardening humidity is 55-65%, the seedlings are transplanted into a pot after being hardened, the root part in the pot is covered with sandy soil of an origin, meanwhile, 50% of leaves of the whole seedlings are cut off, wounds of the leaves are cut off and coated with nutrient solution and wrapped by a plastic film, the reserved leaves are sprayed with seawater of the origin to preserve moisture, and the leaves are transported to a greenhouse near a coastal mudflat of a transplanting area after being transplanted.
The domestication comprises a first stage domestication, a second stage domestication, a third stage domestication, a fourth stage domestication, a fifth stage domestication, a sixth stage domestication and a seventh stage domestication;
the first stage domestication is carried out for 4-6 months in the first year, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to simulate the growth temperature of the original place and the illumination time, the local seawater and fresh water mixed water is adopted for watering, and the water content of the soil is maintained to be 28-30% by watering;
the mass ratio of seawater in the mixed water is 45-55%.
And (3) domesticating in the second stage, wherein in the first year of 7-9 months, the greenhouse temperature is controlled at 10: 00-14: 00 at 29-31 ℃, controlling the temperature at 22: 00-5: 00 ℃ of 21-23 ℃, ventilating in other time, irrigating by using local seawater and fresh water mixed water during watering, keeping the water content of soil at 28-30%, and replacing 15-25% of the soil in the basin with local beach soil after the acclimation stage;
the mass ratio of seawater in the mixed water is 55-65%.
And in the third stage of domestication, spraying an antifreeze inducer to the autumn eggplant seedlings 10-12 months and 10 months and 30 days in the first year, wherein the spraying amount of the antifreeze inducer is 200 times that of 9-11kg of antifreeze inducer per mu, the antifreeze inducer is sprayed once every 20 days for three times, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 10: 00-14: 00 the temperature is 21-23 ℃, and the temperature is controlled to be 22: 00-5: 00 ℃ of 15-17 ℃ and 18-20 ℃ of the rest of time, during which the watering is carried out by adopting local seawater and fresh water mixed water to maintain the water content of the soil at 28-30%, and after the acclimation stage, the soil with the mass of 35-45% in the basin is replaced by local beach soil;
the anti-freezing inducer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2-4 parts of algal polysaccharide, 4-6 parts of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 2-4 parts of choline chloride, 3-5 parts of urea, 1.5-2.5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.8-1.2 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.8-1.2 parts of manganese sulfate, 1.5-2.5 parts of magnesium stearate and 18-22 parts of water.
The mass percentage of the seawater in the mixed water is 65-75%.
The fourth stage of acclimatization, wherein the temperature in two time periods of 9:00-9:30 and 14:00-14:30 every day is controlled to be 1-3 ℃ in the first ten days of 1 month in the second year, the temperature in two time periods of 9:00-9:30 and 14:00-14:30 every day is controlled to be 2-4 ℃ in the first ten days of 2 months, the temperature in two time periods of 9:00-9:30 and 14:00-14:30 every day is controlled to be 4-6 ℃ in the first ten days of 3 months, the temperature in the whole day is controlled to be 14-16 ℃ in the rest time, local seawater and fresh water mixed water is adopted for watering during watering, the water content of the soil is maintained to be 28-30%, and 55-65% of the mass of the soil in the basin is replaced by local beach soil after the acclimatization stage;
the mass ratio of seawater in the mixed water is 75-85%.
The fifth stage domestication is carried out in 4-6 months in the second year, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 10: 00-14: 00 temperature of 20-22 ℃, and controlling the temperature of 22: 00-5: 00 ℃ of 15-17 ℃, ventilating in other time, watering by using local seawater and fresh water mixed water during watering, keeping the water content of the soil at 28-30%, and replacing 75-85% of the soil in the pot with local beach soil after the acclimation stage;
the mass ratio of seawater in the mixed water is 75-85%.
The sixth stage of domestication, namely 7-9 months in the second year, controlling the greenhouse temperature at a ratio of 12: 00-14: 00 ℃ of 30-32 ℃ and 29-31 ℃ of the rest time, wherein local seawater is adopted for watering during the period, the water content of the soil is kept at 28-30%, and the acclimation stage is finished and transplanted to local beach soil in the greenhouse.
The seventh stage domestication is carried out, in the second year, 10-12 months, 10 months, the greenhouse temperature is controlled to be 12: 00-14: 00 ℃ is 22-24 ℃, ventilation is carried out in the rest time, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled by 12: 00-14: 00 ℃ is 14-16 ℃, ventilation is carried out in the rest time, and in 12 months, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 12: 00-14: 00 ℃ at 9-11 ℃, ventilating for the rest of time, watering by using local seawater during the period, watering to keep the water content of the soil at 28-30%, and spraying the protection solution to the plants for 15 th a month in the period, wherein the using amount of the protection solution is 100 times of that of the protection solution of 6.5-7.5kg per mu each time;
the protective solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1.8-2.2 parts of indolebutyric acid, 0.8-1.2 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 1.8-2.2 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.8-1.2 parts of ferric EDTA, 0.8-1.2 parts of manganese EDTA, 1.8-2.2 parts of mushroom proteoglycan, 2.5-3.5 parts of borax, 1.8-2.2 parts of sodium stearate and 45-55 parts of water;
and in the third year for 1-3 months, temperature control is not performed in the greenhouse, and No. 15 of every month is sprayed with a commercially available antifreezing nutrient solution, wherein the spraying method is a conventional method, and the dosage is the conventional dosage.
After the domestication is completed, transplanting the continuous rooting soil to the coastal mudflat in the third 4 months under the premise of ensuring that the root system is not damaged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the domestication method has high latitude span and can be used for domesticating from Xiamen city of Fujian province with north latitude of about 24 degrees to Qingdao region of Shandong province with north latitude of about 37 degrees;
the domestication method has short period, domestication can be completed in short time, and the domestication method can normally grow after transplantation, wherein the domestication period is 2 years;
the domestication method of the invention has high survival rate, and the survival rate after the domestication and the transplantation is 54.3-56.8%.
The domestication method of the invention has the advantages that each item of the domesticated Kandelia candel is normal, the plant height after the domestication is about 54-56cm, the soluble protein content of the leaves is 0.10-0.11g/L, and the soluble sugar content of the leaves is 41.05-41.38 mg/g.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) Plant selection
The Kandelia candel seedlings with good morphology and vigorous plant height of about 20cm are taken on the coastal areas of Fujian mansion, the genetic variation rate of the genes is ensured, the selected morphology is small and is not favorable for survival, and the selected morphology is large, the genetic variation rate is poor and is not favorable for domestication.
(2) Potted plant
Selecting proper kandelia candel seedlings in spring of April for hardening seedlings, wherein the hardening temperature is 20 ℃, the illumination intensity is 1200LUX, the illumination is 5 hours every day, the hardening humidity is 60%, digging out and transplanting the seedlings into a pottery clay pot, ensuring the integrity of the root system during transplanting, not damaging the root system, transplanting the seedlings into the pot, covering the root with sandy soil of an original place, cutting 50% of blades of the whole seedlings, cutting off the wounds of the blades, coating nutrient solution and wrapping the wounds with a plastic film, spraying the reserved blades with a water source of the original place, namely seawater, preserving moisture, transplanting the leaves into the pot, and transporting the leaves to a greenhouse nearby the coastal mudflat of the Qingdao area.
(3) Domestication
a. First stage acclimatization
In the first year for 4-6 months, the greenhouse controls the temperature to simulate the growth temperature of the original place, a sunshade curtain and a fluorescent lamp are used for simulating the illumination duration of the original place, and during the period, local seawater and fresh water mixed water is adopted for irrigation, and the water content of soil is kept at 29 percent by irrigation;
the mass ratio of the seawater in the mixed water is 50%.
b. Second stage acclimatization
In the first year, 7-9 months, controlling the greenhouse temperature at 10: 00-14: 00 temperature is 30 ℃, and the ratio of the temperature to the temperature is controlled to be 22: 00-5: 00 ℃ of 22 ℃ and ventilation in other time, wherein during watering, local seawater and fresh water mixed water is adopted for watering, the water content of the soil is maintained to be 29%, and 20% of the soil in the clay pot is changed into local mud flat soil along with the enlargement of a root system after the domestication stage is ended;
the mass of the seawater in the mixed water accounts for 60 percent.
c. Third stage acclimatization
Spraying an antifreeze inducer to the Kandelia candel seedlings 10-12 months and 10 months and 30 days in the first year, wherein the spraying amount is 200 times of that of 10kg of the antifreeze inducer per mu, the antifreeze inducer is sprayed once every 20 days for three times, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 10: 00-14: 00 temperature of 22 ℃, and controlling the temperature of 22: 00-5: when the temperature 00 is 16 ℃ and the temperature is controlled to be 19 ℃ in the rest time, local seawater and fresh water mixed water is adopted for watering during the period, the water content of the soil is maintained to be 29 percent by watering, and when the acclimatization stage is ended, the soil with the quality of 40 percent of the soil in the clay pot is replaced by local beach soil along with the expansion of a root system;
the anti-freezing inducer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3 parts of algal polysaccharide, 5 parts of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 3 parts of choline chloride, 4 parts of urea, 2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 1 part of manganese sulfate, 2 parts of magnesium stearate and 20 parts of water.
The mass ratio of the seawater in the mixed water is 70%.
d. Fourth stage acclimatization
In the second year of 1-3 months, which is a key stage of the domestication of the aubergines, the aubergines are subjected to low-temperature environmental treatment, the temperature in the two time periods of 9:00-9:30 and 14:00-14:30 is controlled to be 2 ℃ in the first ten days of 1 month, the temperature in the two time periods of 9:00-9:30 and 14:00-14:30 is controlled to be 3 ℃ in the first ten days of 2 months, the temperature in the two time periods of 9:00-9:30 and 14:00-14:30 is controlled to be 5 ℃ in the first ten days of 3 months, controlling the temperature to be 15 ℃ all day by the temperature of the greenhouse in the rest time, watering by using local seawater and fresh water mixed water during the period, keeping the water content of the soil to be 29%, and replacing 60% of the soil in the clay pot with local beach soil along with the enlargement of a root system when the acclimatization stage is finished;
the mass of the seawater in the mixed water accounts for 80 percent.
e. Fifth stage acclimatization
In the second year for 4-6 months, controlling the greenhouse temperature at 10: 00-14: 00 the temperature is 21 ℃, and the control is that the temperature is 22: 00-5: 00 ℃ is 16 ℃, ventilation is carried out in the rest time, local seawater and fresh water mixed water is adopted for watering during the watering, the water content of the soil is maintained to be 29 percent by watering, and 80 percent of the soil in the clay pot is changed into local mud flat soil along with the enlargement of a root system when the domestication stage is finished;
the mass of the seawater in the mixed water accounts for 80 percent.
f. Acclimatization of the sixth stage
In the second year, 7-9 months, controlling the greenhouse temperature at 12: 00-14: 00 ℃ of 31 ℃ and the temperature of 30 ℃ in the rest time, during the period, local seawater is adopted for watering, the water content of the soil is kept to be 29%, the pot is abandoned along with the enlargement of the root system after the acclimation stage is ended, the soil is transplanted to the local beach soil in the greenhouse, and the soil contacted with the root is the local beach soil at the moment.
g. Acclimatization of the seventh stage
In the next year, in the month 10-12, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled by 12:00-14 in the month 10:00 ℃ is 23 ℃, ventilation is carried out in the rest time, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled by 12: 00-14: 00 ℃ is 15 ℃, ventilation is carried out in the rest time, and in 12 months, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 12: 00-14: 00 ℃ of 10 ℃, ventilating in other time, watering by using local seawater during the period, watering to keep the water content of the soil to be 29%, and spraying the protection solution to the plants once in the middle ten days of the month in the period, wherein the using amount of the protection solution is 100 times of that of 7kg of protection solution per mu;
the protective solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2 parts of indolebutyric acid, 1 part of naphthylacetic acid, 2 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 1 part of EDTA iron, 1 part of EDTA manganese, 2 parts of mushroom proteoglycan, 3 parts of borax, 2 parts of sodium stearate and 50 parts of water;
the preparation method of the protective solution comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the indolebutyric acid, the naphthylacetic acid, the carboxymethyl cellulose, the EDTA iron, the EDTA manganese, the mushroom proteoglycan, the borax, the sodium stearate and the water in specified parts to obtain the protective solution;
and in 1-3 months in the third year, temperature control is not performed in the greenhouse, and only the antifreezing nutrient solution is sprayed in the middle ten days of the month, wherein the spraying method is a conventional method and the dosage is conventional.
(4) Transplanting after domestication
After the domestication is completed, transplanting the rhizosphere-bearing soil to the coastal mudflat in the third 4 months under the premise of ensuring that the root system is not damaged, wherein 56.8 percent of the Kandelia candel can normally grow in the mudflat after transplanting.
The domestication method of example 1 has a high latitude span, and can be domesticated from Xiamen city of Fujian province at about 24 degrees north latitude to Qingdao region of Shandong province at about 37 degrees north latitude;
the domestication method of the embodiment 1 has a short period, domestication can be completed in a short time, and the domestication period is 2 years;
the acclimation method of example 1 has a high survival rate, and the survival rate after acclimation and transplantation is 56.8%.
Each item of the Kandelia candel domesticated by the domestication method in the embodiment 1 is normal, the plant height after domestication is about 56cm, the soluble protein content of leaves is 0.11g/L, and the soluble sugar content of the leaves is 41.38 mg/g.
Example 2
(1) Plant selection
The Kandelia candel seedlings with good morphology and vigorous plant height of about 19cm are taken on the coastal areas of Fujian mansion, the genetic variation rate of the genes is ensured, the selected morphology is small and is not favorable for survival, and the selected morphology is large, the genetic variation rate is poor and is not favorable for domestication.
(2) Potted plant
Selecting proper kandelia candel seedlings in spring of April for hardening seedlings, wherein the hardening temperature is 19 ℃, the illumination intensity is 1000LUX, the illumination is 6 hours every day, the hardening humidity is 55%, digging out and transplanting the seedlings into a pottery clay pot, ensuring the integrity of the root system during transplanting, not damaging the root system, covering soil at the root part into the pot to be original producing area sandy soil, cutting off 40% leaves of the whole seedlings, cutting off the wounds of the leaves, coating nutrient solution and wrapping the wounds with a plastic film, spraying the reserved leaves with original producing area water source namely seawater for moisturizing, and transporting the leaves into a greenhouse nearby the coastal mudflat of the Qingdao area after transplanting into the pot.
(3) Domestication
a. First stage acclimatization
In the first year for 4-6 months, the greenhouse controls the temperature to simulate the growth temperature of the original place, a sunshade curtain and a fluorescent lamp are used for simulating the illumination duration of the original place, and during the period, local seawater and fresh water mixed water is adopted for irrigation, and the water content of soil is kept at 28 percent;
the mass percentage of the seawater in the mixed water is 45%.
b. Second stage acclimatization
In the first year, 7-9 months, controlling the greenhouse temperature at 10: 00-14: 00 at 29 ℃, controlling the temperature at 22: 00-5: 00 ℃ of 21 ℃, ventilating in other time, irrigating by using local seawater and fresh water mixed water during watering, keeping the water content of the soil to be 28%, and replacing 15% of the soil in the clay pot with local beach soil along with root system expansion after the acclimation stage is ended;
the mass percentage of the seawater in the mixed water is 55%.
c. Third stage acclimatization
Spraying an antifreeze inducer to the Kandelia candel seedlings 10-12 months and 10 months and 30 days in the first year, wherein the spraying amount is 200 times of that of 9kg of the antifreeze inducer per mu, the antifreeze inducer is sprayed once every 20 days for three times, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 10: 00-14: 00 the temperature is 21 ℃, and the control is that the temperature is 22: 00-5: 00 ℃ of 15 ℃ and the rest of time of 18 ℃, during which the local seawater and fresh water mixed water is adopted for watering, the water content of the soil is kept at 28%, and after the acclimation stage is finished, the soil with the quality of 35% of the soil in the clay pot is replaced by the local beach soil along with the expansion of the root system;
the anti-freezing inducer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2 parts of algal polysaccharide, 4 parts of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 2 parts of choline chloride, 3 parts of urea, 1.5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.8 part of zinc sulfate, 0.8 part of manganese sulfate, 1.5 parts of magnesium stearate and 18 parts of water.
The mass percentage of the seawater in the mixed water is 65%.
d. Fourth stage acclimatization
In the second year of 1-3 months, which is a key stage of the domestication of the aubergines, the aubergines are subjected to low-temperature environmental treatment, the temperature in the two time periods of 9:00-9:30 and 14:00-14:30 is controlled to be 1 ℃ in the ten days before 1 month, the temperature in the two time periods of 9:00-9:30 and 14:00-14:30 is controlled to be 2 ℃ in the ten days before 2 months, the temperature in the two time periods of 9:00-9:30 and 14:00-14:30 is controlled to be 4 ℃ in the ten days before 3 months, controlling the temperature to be 14 ℃ all day by the temperature of the greenhouse in the rest time, watering by using local seawater and fresh water mixed water during the period, keeping the water content of the soil to be 28%, and replacing 55% of the soil in the clay pot with local beach soil along with the enlargement of a root system when the acclimatization stage is finished;
the mass percentage of the seawater in the mixed water is 75%.
e. Fifth stage acclimatization
In the second year for 4-6 months, controlling the greenhouse temperature at 10: 00-14: 00 the temperature is 20 ℃, and the control is that the temperature is 22: 00-5: 00 ℃ of 15 ℃, ventilating the rest of the time, watering by using local seawater and fresh water mixed water during the watering period, keeping the water content of the soil at 28%, and replacing 75% of the soil in the pot with local beach soil along with the enlargement of the root system after the domestication period is finished;
the mass percentage of the seawater in the mixed water is 75%.
f. Acclimatization of the sixth stage
In the second year, 7-9 months, controlling the greenhouse temperature at 12: 00-14: and 00 ℃ of 30 ℃ and the rest of time, controlling the temperature to be 29 ℃, watering by using local seawater during the period, watering to keep the water content of the soil to be 28%, removing the clay pot along with the enlargement of the root system after the acclimatization stage is ended, transplanting the soil to the local beach soil in the greenhouse, wherein the root contact soil is all the local beach soil.
g. Acclimatization of the seventh stage
In the next year, in the month 10-12, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled by 12:00-14 in the month 10:00 ℃ is 22 ℃, ventilation is carried out in the rest time, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled by 12: 00-14: 00 ℃ is 14 ℃, ventilation is carried out in the rest time, and in 12 months, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 12: 00-14: 00 ℃ of 9 ℃, ventilating in other time, watering by using local seawater during the period, watering to keep the water content of the soil to be 28%, and spraying the protection solution to the plants once in the middle ten days of the month at the stage, wherein the using amount of the protection solution is 100 times of that of 6.5kg of the protection solution per mu;
the protective solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1.8 parts of indolebutyric acid, 0.8 part of naphthylacetic acid, 1.8 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.8 part of EDTA iron, 0.8 part of EDTA manganese, 1.8 parts of mushroom proteoglycan, 2.5 parts of borax, 1.8 parts of sodium stearate and 45 parts of water;
the preparation method of the protective solution comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the indolebutyric acid, the naphthylacetic acid, the carboxymethyl cellulose, the EDTA iron, the EDTA manganese, the mushroom proteoglycan, the borax, the sodium stearate and the water in specified parts to obtain the protective solution;
and in 1-3 months in the third year, temperature control is not performed in the greenhouse, and only the antifreezing nutrient solution is sprayed in the middle ten days of the month, wherein the spraying method is a conventional method and the dosage is conventional.
(4) Transplanting after domestication
After the domestication is completed, transplanting the rhizosphere-bearing soil to the coastal mudflat in the third 4 months under the premise of ensuring that the root system is not damaged, wherein 54.3 percent of the Kandelia candel can normally grow in the mudflat after transplanting.
The domestication method of example 2 has a high latitude span, and can be domesticated from Xiamen city of Fujian province at about 24 degrees north latitude to Qingdao region of Shandong province at about 37 degrees north latitude;
the domestication method of the embodiment 2 has a short period, domestication can be completed in a short time, and the domestication period is 2 years;
the acclimation method of example 2 has a high survival rate, and the survival rate after acclimation and transplantation is 54.3%.
Each item of the Kandelia candel domesticated by the domestication method in the embodiment 2 is normal, the plant height after domestication is about 54cm, the soluble protein content of leaves is 0.10g/L, and the soluble sugar content of the leaves is 41.05 mg/g.
Example 3
(1) Plant selection
The Kandelia candel seedlings with good morphology and vigorous plant height of about 22cm are taken on the coastal areas of Fujian mansion, the genetic variation rate of the genes is ensured, the selected morphology is small and is not favorable for survival, and the selected morphology is large, the genetic variation rate is poor and is not favorable for domestication.
(2) Potted plant
Selecting proper kandelia candel seedlings in spring of April for hardening seedlings, wherein the hardening temperature is 21 ℃, the illumination intensity is 1300LUX, the illumination is 4 hours every day, the hardening humidity is 65%, digging out and transplanting the seedlings into a pottery clay pot, ensuring the integrity of the root system during transplanting, not damaging the root system, transplanting the seedlings into the pot, covering the root with sandy soil of an original place, cutting 60% of blades of the whole seedlings, cutting off the wounds of the blades, coating nutrient solution and wrapping the wounds with a plastic film, spraying the reserved blades with a water source of the original place, namely seawater, preserving moisture, transplanting the leaves into the pot, and transporting the leaves to a greenhouse nearby the coastal mudflat of the Qingdao area.
(3) Domestication
a. First stage acclimatization
In the first year for 4-6 months, the greenhouse controls the temperature to simulate the growth temperature of the original place, a sunshade curtain and a fluorescent lamp are used for simulating the illumination duration of the original place, and during the period, local seawater and fresh water mixed water is adopted for irrigation, and the water content of soil is kept at 30% by irrigation;
the mass percentage of the seawater in the mixed water is 55%.
b. Second stage acclimatization
In the first year, 7-9 months, controlling the greenhouse temperature at 10: 00-14: 00 at 31 ℃, controlling the temperature at 22: 00-5: 00 ℃ is 23 ℃, ventilation is carried out in the rest time, local seawater and fresh water mixed water is adopted for watering during the watering, the water content of the soil is maintained to be 30% by watering, and 25% of the soil in the clay pot is changed into local mud flat soil along with the enlargement of a root system when the domestication stage is finished;
the mass percentage of the seawater in the mixed water is 65%.
c. Third stage acclimatization
Spraying an antifreeze inducer to the Kandelia candel seedlings 10-12 months and 10 months and 30 days in the first year, wherein the spraying amount of the antifreeze inducer is 200 times of that of 11kg of the antifreeze inducer per mu, the antifreeze inducer is sprayed once every 20 days for three times, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 10: 00-14: 00 at 23 ℃, controlling the temperature at 22: 00-5: when the temperature 00 is 17 ℃ and the temperature is controlled to be 20 ℃ in the rest time, local seawater and fresh water mixed water is adopted for watering during the period, the water content of the soil is maintained to be 30% by watering, and when the acclimatization stage is ended, 45% of the soil in the clay pot is replaced by local beach soil along with the expansion of the root system;
the anti-freezing inducer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4 parts of algal polysaccharide, 6 parts of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 4 parts of choline chloride, 5 parts of urea, 2.5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1.2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1.2 parts of manganese sulfate, 2.5 parts of magnesium stearate and 22 parts of water.
The mass percentage of the seawater in the mixed water is 75%.
d. Fourth stage acclimatization
In the second year of 1-3 months, which is a key stage of the domestication of the aubergines, the aubergines are subjected to low-temperature environmental treatment, the temperature in the two time periods of 9:00-9:30 and 14:00-14:30 is controlled to be 3 ℃ in the first ten days of 1 month, the temperature in the two time periods of 9:00-9:30 and 14:00-14:30 is controlled to be 4 ℃ in the first ten days of 2 months, the temperature in the two time periods of 9:00-9:30 and 14:00-14:30 is controlled to be 6 ℃ in the first ten days of 3 months, controlling the temperature to be 16 ℃ all day by the temperature of the greenhouse in the rest time, watering by using local seawater and fresh water mixed water during the period, keeping the water content of the soil to be 30% by watering, and replacing 65% of the soil in the clay pot with local beach soil along with the enlargement of a root system when the acclimatization stage is finished;
the mass percentage of the seawater in the mixed water is 85%.
e. Fifth stage acclimatization
In the second year for 4-6 months, controlling the greenhouse temperature at 10: 00-14: 00 temperature of 22 ℃, and controlling the temperature of 22: 00-5: 00 ℃ is 17 ℃, ventilation is carried out in the rest time, local seawater and fresh water mixed water is adopted for watering during the watering, the water content of the soil is maintained to be 30% by watering, and 85% of the soil in the clay pot is changed into local mud flat soil along with the enlargement of a root system when the domestication stage is finished;
the mass percentage of the seawater in the mixed water is 85%.
f. Acclimatization of the sixth stage
In the second year, 7-9 months, controlling the greenhouse temperature at 12: 00-14: and 00 ℃ of 32 ℃ and the rest of time, controlling the temperature to be 31 ℃, watering by using local seawater during the period, watering to keep the water content of the soil to be 30%, removing the clay pot along with the enlargement of the root system after the acclimatization stage is ended, transplanting the soil to the local beach soil in the greenhouse, wherein the root contact soil is all the local beach soil.
g. Acclimatization of the seventh stage
In the next year, in the month 10-12, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled by 12:00-14 in the month 10:00 ℃ is 24 ℃, ventilation is carried out in the rest time, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled by 12: 00-14: 00 ℃ is 16 ℃, ventilation is carried out in the rest time, and in 12 months, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 12: 00-14: 00 ℃ of 11 ℃, ventilating in other time, watering by using local seawater during the period, watering to keep the water content of the soil to be 30%, and spraying the protection solution to the plants once in the middle ten days of the month in the period, wherein the using amount of the protection solution is 100 times of that of 7.5kg of the protection solution per mu;
the protective solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2.2 parts of indolebutyric acid, 1.2 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 2.2 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 1.2 parts of EDTA iron, 1.2 parts of EDTA manganese, 2.2 parts of mushroom proteoglycan, 3.5 parts of borax, 2.2 parts of sodium stearate and 55 parts of water;
the preparation method of the protective solution comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the indolebutyric acid, the naphthylacetic acid, the carboxymethyl cellulose, the EDTA iron, the EDTA manganese, the mushroom proteoglycan, the borax, the sodium stearate and the water in specified parts to obtain the protective solution;
and in 1-3 months in the third year, temperature control is not performed in the greenhouse, and only the antifreezing nutrient solution is sprayed in the middle ten days of the month, wherein the spraying method is a conventional method and the dosage is conventional.
(4) Transplanting after domestication
After the domestication is completed, transplanting the rhizosphere-bearing soil to the coastal mudflat in the third 4 months under the premise of ensuring that the root system is not damaged, wherein 55.1 percent of the Kandelia candel can normally grow in the mudflat after transplanting.
The domestication method of example 3 has a high latitude span, and can be domesticated from Xiamen city, Fujian province, at about 24 degrees north latitude, to Qingdao region, Shandong province, at about 37 degrees north latitude;
the domestication method of the embodiment 3 has a short period, domestication can be completed in a short time, and the domestication period is 2 years;
the acclimation method of example 3 has a high survival rate, which is 55.1% after the acclimation and transplantation.
Each item of the Kandelia candel domesticated by the domestication method in the embodiment 3 is normal, the plant height after domestication is about 56cm, the soluble protein content of leaves is 0.10g/L, and the soluble sugar content of the leaves is 41.22 mg/g.
Claims (10)
1. A domestication method for improving the cold resistance of a kandelia candel seedling pot culture by utilizing a greenhouse is characterized by comprising the steps of plant selection, pot culture and domestication.
2. The domestication method for improving the cold tolerance of the autumn eggplant seedling pot culture by using the greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
the plant is selected from Kandelia candel seedlings with good shapes and vigorous growth and plant heights of 18-22 cm.
3. The domestication method for improving the cold tolerance of the autumn eggplant seedling pot culture by using the greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
in the pot culture, seedling hardening is carried out on Kandelia candel seedlings in April, the seedling hardening temperature is 19-21 ℃, the illumination intensity is 1000-1300LUX, the illumination is 4-6h every day, the seedling hardening humidity is 55-65%, the seedlings are transplanted into a pot after being hardened, sandy soil of an original production place is covered in the pot, meanwhile, 40-60% of leaves of the whole seedlings are cut off, wounds of the leaves are cut off and coated with nutrient solution and wrapped by a plastic film, the reserved leaves are sprayed with seawater of the original production place for moisture preservation, and the leaves are transported to a greenhouse near a coastal mud flat of a transplanting area after being transplanted.
4. The domestication method for improving the cold tolerance of the autumn eggplant seedling pot culture by using the greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
the domestication comprises a first stage domestication, a second stage domestication, a third stage domestication, a fourth stage domestication, a fifth stage domestication, a sixth stage domestication and a seventh stage domestication;
the first stage domestication is carried out for 4-6 months in the first year, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to simulate the growth temperature of the original place and the illumination time, the local seawater and fresh water mixed water is adopted for watering, and the water content of the soil is maintained to be 28-30% by watering;
the mass ratio of seawater in the mixed water is 45-55%.
5. The domestication method for improving the cold tolerance of the autumn eggplant seedling pot culture by using the greenhouse as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that:
and (3) domesticating in the second stage, wherein in the first year of 7-9 months, the greenhouse temperature is controlled at 10: 00-14: 00 at 29-31 ℃, controlling the temperature at 22: 00-5: 00 ℃ of 21-23 ℃, ventilating in other time, irrigating by using local seawater and fresh water mixed water during watering, keeping the water content of soil at 28-30%, and replacing 15-25% of the soil in the basin with local beach soil after the acclimation stage;
the mass ratio of seawater in the mixed water is 55-65%.
6. The domestication method for improving the cold tolerance of the autumn eggplant seedling pot culture by using the greenhouse as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that:
and in the third stage of domestication, spraying an antifreeze inducer to the autumn eggplant seedlings 10-12 months and 10 months and 30 days in the first year, wherein the spraying amount of the antifreeze inducer is 200 times that of 9-11kg of antifreeze inducer per mu, the antifreeze inducer is sprayed once every 20 days for three times, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 10: 00-14: 00 the temperature is 21-23 ℃, and the temperature is controlled to be 22: 00-5: 00 ℃ of 15-17 ℃ and 18-20 ℃ of the rest of time, during which the watering is carried out by adopting local seawater and fresh water mixed water to maintain the water content of the soil at 28-30%, and after the acclimation stage, the soil with the mass of 35-45% in the basin is replaced by local beach soil;
the anti-freezing inducer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2-4 parts of algal polysaccharide, 4-6 parts of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 2-4 parts of choline chloride, 3-5 parts of urea, 1.5-2.5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.8-1.2 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.8-1.2 parts of manganese sulfate, 1.5-2.5 parts of magnesium stearate and 18-22 parts of water;
the mass percentage of the seawater in the mixed water is 65-75%.
7. The domestication method for improving the cold tolerance of the autumn eggplant seedling pot culture by using the greenhouse as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that:
the fourth stage of acclimatization, wherein the temperature in two time periods of 9:00-9:30 and 14:00-14:30 every day is controlled to be 1-3 ℃ in the first ten days of 1 month in the second year, the temperature in two time periods of 9:00-9:30 and 14:00-14:30 every day is controlled to be 2-4 ℃ in the first ten days of 2 months, the temperature in two time periods of 9:00-9:30 and 14:00-14:30 every day is controlled to be 4-6 ℃ in the first ten days of 3 months, the temperature in the whole day is controlled to be 14-16 ℃ in the rest time, local seawater and fresh water mixed water is adopted for watering during watering, the water content of the soil is maintained to be 28-30%, and 55-65% of the mass of the soil in the basin is replaced by local beach soil after the acclimatization stage;
the mass ratio of seawater in the mixed water is 75-85%.
8. The domestication method for improving the cold tolerance of the autumn eggplant seedling pot culture by using the greenhouse as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that:
the fifth stage domestication is carried out in 4-6 months in the second year, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 10: 00-14: 00 temperature of 20-22 ℃, and controlling the temperature of 22: 00-5: 00 ℃ of 15-17 ℃, ventilating in other time, watering by using local seawater and fresh water mixed water during watering, keeping the water content of the soil at 28-30%, and replacing 75-85% of the soil in the pot with local beach soil after the acclimation stage;
the mass ratio of seawater in the mixed water is 75-85%.
9. The domestication method for improving the cold tolerance of the autumn eggplant seedling pot culture by using the greenhouse as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that:
the sixth stage of domestication, namely 7-9 months in the second year, controlling the greenhouse temperature at a ratio of 12: 00-14: 00 ℃ of 30-32 ℃ and 29-31 ℃ of the rest time, wherein local seawater is adopted for watering during the period, the water content of the soil is kept at 28-30%, and the acclimation stage is finished and transplanted to local beach soil in the greenhouse.
10. The domestication method for improving the cold tolerance of the autumn eggplant seedling pot culture by using the greenhouse as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that:
the seventh stage domestication is carried out, in the second year, 10-12 months, 10 months, the greenhouse temperature is controlled to be 12: 00-14: 00 ℃ is 22-24 ℃, ventilation is carried out in the rest time, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled by 12: 00-14: 00 ℃ is 14-16 ℃, ventilation is carried out in the rest time, and in 12 months, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled to be 12: 00-14: 00 ℃ at 9-11 ℃, ventilating for the rest of time, watering by using local seawater during the period, watering to keep the water content of the soil at 28-30%, and spraying the protection solution to the plants for 15 th a month in the period, wherein the using amount of the protection solution is 100 times of that of the protection solution of 6.5-7.5kg per mu each time;
the protective solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1.8-2.2 parts of indolebutyric acid, 0.8-1.2 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 1.8-2.2 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.8-1.2 parts of ferric EDTA, 0.8-1.2 parts of manganese EDTA, 1.8-2.2 parts of mushroom proteoglycan, 2.5-3.5 parts of borax, 1.8-2.2 parts of sodium stearate and 45-55 parts of water;
and in the third year for 1-3 months, temperature control is not performed in the greenhouse, and No. 15 spraying antifreezing nutrient solution every month.
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