CN115250841A - Method for cultivating green bamboos in northern greenhouse - Google Patents
Method for cultivating green bamboos in northern greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN115250841A CN115250841A CN202211006039.5A CN202211006039A CN115250841A CN 115250841 A CN115250841 A CN 115250841A CN 202211006039 A CN202211006039 A CN 202211006039A CN 115250841 A CN115250841 A CN 115250841A
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- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 255
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 255
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 255
- 241000209128 Bambusa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 173
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 172
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 4
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of green bamboos in a northern greenhouse, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting mother bamboos to transplant to a greenhouse for cultivation; s2, controlling the temperature, humidity and illumination in the greenhouse; s3, harvesting the bamboo shoots according to a bamboo shoot growing rule, and selecting the bamboo shoots with good growth potential and uniform distribution for remaining culture; and S4, beginning to adjust the age structure of the bamboo bundle in the 3 rd year, and pruning and removing buds of the green bamboo. According to the technical scheme, the mother bamboos are transplanted into the greenhouse, and the temperature, the humidity and the illumination in the greenhouse are controlled, so that the proper environmental conditions and scientific management are provided for the growth of the green bamboos, the problem that the green bamboos are difficult to survive in northern areas due to coldness is solved, the green bamboos can normally grow and produce the bamboo shoots in the northern greenhouse, and the requirement of northern markets on the fresh bamboo shoots of the green bamboos is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating green bamboos in a greenhouse in the north.
Background
The green bamboos are named after the whole green bamboo body, are called as phyllostachys edulis and phyllostachys hispidus, are commonly called as the "water chestnut bamboos", are mainly distributed in southern China of jungle bamboos forest subregion and subtropical mixed bamboo forest subregion in China, and are also distributed in southeast Asia countries such as India, burma, thailand, malaysia and the like, are favorable for warm and moist, and are generally suitable for natural growth in the environment with the average annual temperature of 18-21 ℃, the average annual temperature of more than 8 ℃ in one month, the extreme low temperature of more than-5 ℃ and the annual precipitation amount of 1400-2000mm, taking the southern Zhejiang region as an example, the green bamboos of the order of the green bamboos are mainly germinated at the bottom of 2 months, the bottom of 3 months to the bottom of 4 months as the full-bloom stage, the whole germination period lasts 90 days, the total germination rate is 79.3%, the green bamboos can only come out of the native bamboo, the green bamboos mainly come out of the mother bamboos in 1 year, the total weight of the green bamboos is 92.1%, the initial bamboo amount of the green bamboos, the green bamboos comes out in the first stage, the whole period can be divided into 4 months: in the initial stage (6 months), the full stage (7 months), the degressive stage (8-9 months) and the final stage (10 months), the high growth period of the green bamboo shoots-young bamboo shoots lasts about 85 days, and the total growth amount can reach 10-12m.
The green bamboo has high economic benefit, the stalk can be used as furniture, farm implements or bamboo weaving devices by splitting thin bamboo strips or as a paper making raw material, the middle bamboo can be used as a medicine, and has the effect of relieving heat, the green bamboo can be used for making paper and growing recombined bamboo, in addition, the green bamboo is one of high-quality bamboo species for bamboo shoots in China, the green bamboo shoots are delicious in taste, crisp and tender in texture and rich in nutrition, and are green health-care food with the effects of reducing blood pressure, reducing blood fat and promoting digestion, and the green health-care food is popular with consumers.
However, due to cold and arid climate in northern area, the requirement of green bamboo for growing environment can not be met, so that the green bamboo is difficult to survive, grow normally and produce bamboo shoot in northern area under non-facility condition, and the requirement of northern market for fresh green bamboo shoot can not be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method of green bamboos in a northern greenhouse, which can provide proper environmental conditions and scientific management for the growth of the green bamboos, solves the problem that the green bamboos are difficult to survive in northern areas due to cold, enables the green bamboos to normally grow and produce bamboo shoots in the northern greenhouse and meets the requirements of northern markets on the fresh bamboo shoots of the green bamboos.
The invention provides a method for cultivating green bamboos in a northern greenhouse, which comprises the following steps:
s1, transplanting bamboo seedlings
Selecting strong-growing, disease and insect pest-free and full-bodied stem base buds, and transplanting the mother bamboos to a greenhouse for cultivation;
s2. Field management
(1) Temperature management: the temperature adjustment in the whole growth period of the green bamboos is divided into three stages:
and (3) overwintering period: in late 10-4-middle of the month, the lowest temperature in the greenhouse at night is kept above 4 ℃, and the average temperature throughout the day is kept at 9-18 ℃;
a transition period: in late ten days of 4 months to middle ten days of 5 months, the lowest temperature in the greenhouse at night is kept above 8 ℃, and the average temperature in the whole day is kept at 17-23 ℃;
film uncovering period: in late 5-10-middle of the month, the lowest temperature in the greenhouse at night is kept above 10 ℃, and the average temperature throughout the day is kept at 12-28 ℃;
(2) Humidity management: the environmental humidity on which green bamboo grows is divided into two aspects:
soil moisture content: irrigating the green bamboos according to soil moisture content in the whole growth period, and keeping the soil moist;
air humidity: adjusting the air humidity in the greenhouse according to the weather change condition in the whole growth period;
(3) Illumination management: in the whole growth period, under the condition of proper temperature in the greenhouse, the green bamboos are kept under sufficient illumination;
s3, harvesting bamboo shoots
Harvesting the green bamboo shoots according to the bamboo shoot emergence rule, and selecting the green bamboo shoots with good growth vigor for remaining culture;
s4, bamboo bundle adjustment
The age structure adjustment of the bamboo stands started at year 3, and pruning and bud removing are carried out on the green bamboos.
Preferably, in the step S1, the transplanting time is 4 months and late, the mother bamboo stumps and the bamboo stalks are bagged, transported in a shading mode, and sprayed with water frequently during transportation to keep the bamboo stumps and the bamboo stalks moist.
The transplanting time is selected at the early and middle ten days of 4 months per year, the rainy days are better, the low temperature and drought period in the north are avoided, the primary buds of the parent bamboo stalks are not completely germinated, the bamboo shoots are not easily damaged in the transportation process, the parent bamboos are bagged with soil, and the transportation is carried out in a shading mode, so that the loss of moisture is reduced, the ventilation is kept in the transportation process, and the water is frequently sprayed, so that the bamboo stumps and the bamboo stalks are kept moist.
Preferably, in step S2, the specific measures for adjusting the temperature of the green bamboos in the whole growth period are as follows:
and (3) overwintering period: covering a greenhouse film and a cotton mat on the greenhouse frame at night for heat preservation at 7-9 o 'clock each day, opening a vent at the top of the greenhouse film until 5 o' clock in the afternoon, and covering the cotton mat again until the lowest air temperature at night in the greenhouse is kept above 4 ℃ and the average air temperature in the whole day is kept at 9-18 ℃;
transition period: opening the cotton mat from late 4 th to middle 5 th of the month, opening ventilation openings at the top and the bottom of the greenhouse film, and ventilating all day long to keep the lowest temperature in the greenhouse at night above 8 ℃ and the average temperature in the greenhouse at 17-23 ℃;
film uncovering period: and (4) uncovering the greenhouse film completely from late 5 months to middle 10 months, so that the lowest temperature in the greenhouse at night is kept above 10 ℃, and the average temperature in the greenhouse throughout the day is kept at 12-28 ℃.
According to the weather change, the greenhouse frame is covered with a greenhouse film and a cotton mat to realize ventilation and heat preservation of the greenhouse, so that the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to meet the requirement of green bamboo growth, and the green bamboo can grow healthily and stably.
Preferably, in step S2, the concrete measures for soil moisture management are:
digging ditches with the width of 15cm and the depth of 25cm at two sides of the bamboo clumps, and irrigating the green bamboos by collecting precipitation or introducing irrigation water into the ditches;
irrigation in the whole growth period of the green bamboos is divided into three stages: and (3) overwintering period: 1 time per week from late 10 months to mid 4 months; a transition period: 4 in late-5 in middle of the month, 2-3 times per week; film uncovering period: irrigating for 1 time in the last ten days of 5 months to the middle ten days of 10 months continuously without rain in 3 days.
The green bamboo is irrigated by digging ditches at two sides of the bamboo clump, the irrigation water level is controlled to be 15-20cm during artificial irrigation, so that sufficient water absorption of root systems of the green bamboo is ensured, compared with flood irrigation, the average individual weight of the bamboo shoots irrigated by the ditches is increased by 19.39%, the yield of the bamboo shoots is increased by 13.18%, and meanwhile, the irrigation times are controlled according to weather change conditions, so that excessive or insufficient soil moisture is prevented, and the green bamboo can stably grow.
Preferably, in step S2, the air humidity in the greenhouse is adjusted by uncovering the greenhouse film, so that the air humidity in the greenhouse is maintained at 88% -100%.
According to the weather change condition. The ventilation condition of the greenhouse is controlled by uncovering the greenhouse film, so that the air humidity in the greenhouse is indirectly controlled, the air humidity is always kept between 88 and 100 percent, and excessive or insufficient air humidity is not beneficial to the growth of green bamboos.
Preferably, in the step S2, in the wintering period and the film uncovering period, the air humidity in the greenhouse needs to be increased by the aid of atomization and sprinkling irrigation, and the atomization and sprinkling irrigation are carried out at 1-2 pm and 5-6 pm.
The air humidity in the winter season is lower, the sunshine in the film uncovering period is long and strong, and the air humidity needs to be increased or the temperature needs to be reduced in an atomization spray irrigation mode, so that the moisture evaporation of the leaves is reduced, the air humidity of the green bamboo canopy layer is increased by about 34% after the atomization spray irrigation, and the temperature is reduced by about 3.2 ℃.
Preferably, in step S2, the specific measures of the lighting management are:
regulating and controlling planting density: the distance between two adjacent bamboo clumps is 3m, the number of the green bamboos in each clump is 4-6, and the planting density of the green bamboos is 340-510 plants/mu;
shading the shady: in 5-8 months, the light intensity is high, a shading net needs to be covered on the shed frame, and the transmittance of the shading net is 60% -70%.
The green bamboo is tall, the planting position and the bamboo bundle density of the green bamboo are reasonably planned, the canopy layer of the green bamboo is ensured to be uniformly irradiated by light, so that more nutrients are accumulated in the green bamboo, the growth of the green bamboo is promoted, in addition, the leaves can generate light inhibition in the end stage of the emergence of the green bamboo after long-time strong light exposure, the photosynthetic function of the leaves is influenced, the green bamboo is shielded to a certain degree to relieve the generation of the light inhibition, a shading net covers a shed frame to avoid the damage of the leaves caused by the strong light, the growth of the green bamboo is more facilitated, the shading net is preferably in a grid shape, natural rainfall can enter a greenhouse while shading to provide moisture for the growth of the green bamboo, meanwhile, the light transmittance of the shading net is 60-70%, the condition shading net is lower than 60%, the condition of under-forest environment shading is easy to cause, more coal diseases and plant pests such as aphids are caused, and the shading effect is not obvious when the light transmittance is higher than 75%.
Preferably, in step S3, the shoot emergence period of the green bamboos is divided into three stages: 5-6 months later, 7-9 months later and 10-12 months later;
digging all grown bamboo shoots at the late stage of the shoot emergence, selecting part of grown bamboo shoots which are strong in growth and have developed root, stem and shoot buds at the early stage and the full stage of the shoot emergence, reasonably remaining the grown bamboo shoots, and completely harvesting the rest grown bamboo shoots.
When the bamboo shoots are harvested according to the bamboo shoot emergence rule of the green bamboo shoots, the light irradiation of 3-4 months in northern areas is sufficient, the sprouting of the bamboo shoots in underground parts is facilitated, a shed film and a cotton mat are covered in autumn and winter for heat preservation, the final stage of the obtained bamboo shoots is prolonged to 12 months, compared with an original production place, the bamboo shoot emergence period is prolonged by about 3 months by planting the green bamboo shoots in a greenhouse, the early green bamboo shoots are subjected to summer hydrothermal conditions, the high growth is finished in the full period for 45-55 days, the high growth and branch and leaf emergence time of the early bamboo shoots are shorter, the overground vegetative organ is established earlier, and the smooth bamboo shoots emergence in the second year is facilitated; when the green bamboo shoots in the full-season experience the wintering period of 11-3 months next year, the high growth is finished in 10-12 months, the duration lasts for 50-67 days, and more 'second-water bamboo shoots' are stronger in the green bamboo shoots in the full-season, so that grown bamboo shoots with strong growth and developed root and stem bamboo shoots are preferably selected for remaining culture in the early and full-season of the grown bamboo shoots, and the rest are all harvested; and the late-stage green bamboo shoots finish high growth for 60-100 days after 12-3 months in the next year, the environmental temperature of the late-stage green bamboo shoots is lower and lower after the green bamboo shoots come out of the soil, the rate of bamboo shoots receding is higher, the green bamboo shoots are not suitable for being kept, and the green bamboo shoots are all harvested.
Preferably, in step S4, the clump age structure of green bamboos: three years of life: two years of life: annual 0, 2.
The age structure of the green bamboo is related to the quality and recovery of the transplanted mother bamboo, and the yield and quality of the green bamboo shoots can be effectively improved by adjusting the cluster age structure of the green bamboo.
Preferably, in step S4, the concrete measures of pruning and bud removal are as follows: when the bamboo shoots sprout, the shoots are cut off, and only the 5 th and above shoots on the ground are reserved.
When green bamboos are planted in a greenhouse, the green bamboos need to be dwarfed to adapt to the height of the greenhouse, after the green bamboos are dwarfed, bamboo joints are short, the height under branches is low, photosynthesis of more branches and leaves under the forest is weak, nutrients are wasted, and crop activities in a limited space of the greenhouse are influenced, so that when bamboo joint branches sprout, the branches are cut off, and only the branches from the upper 5 th section and above on the ground are reserved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the technical scheme, the mother bamboos are transplanted into the greenhouse, and the temperature, the humidity and the illumination in the greenhouse are controlled, so that the proper environmental conditions and scientific management are provided for the growth of the green bamboos, the problem that the green bamboos are difficult to survive in northern areas due to cold is solved, the green bamboos can normally grow and produce the bamboo shoots in the northern greenhouse, and the requirements of northern markets on the fresh bamboo shoots of the green bamboos are met.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms also include the plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, and further, it is understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for cultivating green bamboos in a northern greenhouse comprises the following steps:
s1, transplanting bamboo seedlings
In 4 months and middle ten days each year, preferably in rainy days, selecting strong and strong mother bamboos without diseases and insect pests and full stem base buds, digging out the mother bamboos, keeping original soil in a cylindrical shape, bagging the mother bamboos with soil, shading and transporting to reduce the loss of moisture, keeping ventilation in the transportation process, and frequently spraying water to keep the bamboo stumps and the bamboo stems moist;
s2. Field management
(1) Temperature management: the temperature adjustment in the whole growth period of the green bamboos is divided into three stages:
and (3) overwintering period: covering a shed film and a cotton mat on the shed frame at night for heat preservation in the late 10 th to middle 4 th of the month, uncovering the cotton mat at 7-9 o 'clock each day, opening a ventilation opening at the top of the shed film until 5 o' clock in the afternoon, and covering the cotton mat again to keep the lowest temperature in the greenhouse at night above 4 ℃ and the average temperature in the daytime at 9-18 ℃;
transition period: in late 4 th-middle 5 th of the month, uncovering the cotton mat, opening ventilation openings at the top and the bottom of the greenhouse film, and ventilating all day long to keep the lowest temperature of 8 ℃ at night and the average temperature of 17-23 ℃ in the daytime;
film uncovering period: uncovering the greenhouse film completely from late 5 months to middle 10 months, keeping the lowest temperature in the greenhouse at night above 10 ℃, and keeping the average temperature in the greenhouse at daytime above 12-28 ℃;
the annual temperature profile in the greenhouse is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Month of the year | 1 month | 2 month | 3 month | 4 month | Month 5 | 6 month |
| Average temperature (. Degree.C.) | 11.32 | 11.29 | 14.03 | 17.84 | 22.12 | 25.00 |
| Maximum temperature C | 28.97 | 26.28 | 27.68 | 32.33 | 33.17 | 33.45 |
| Minimum temperature C | 4.16 | 4.86 | 7.66 | 8.47 | 12.78 | 17.17 |
| Month of the year | 7 month | 8 month | 9 month | 10 month | 11 month | 12 month |
| Average temperature (. Degree.C.) | 27.60 | 26.76 | 18.45 | 12.49 | 11.91 | 9.60 |
| Maximum temperature C | 34.82 | 33.99 | 26.35 | 23.77 | 26.08 | 25.58 |
| Minimum temperature C | 22.87 | 21.41 | 11.23 | 4.18 | 5.82 | 4.71 |
(2) Humidity management:
soil moisture: digging ditches with the width of 15cm and the depth of 25cm at two sides of the bamboo clumps, and irrigating the green bamboo by collecting precipitation or introducing irrigation water into the ditches according to soil moisture content during the whole growth period, wherein the irrigation water level is controlled to be 15-20cm during artificial irrigation to keep the soil moist and ensure that the root system of the green bamboo absorbs sufficient water;
irrigation in the whole growth period of the green bamboos is divided into three stages: and (3) overwintering period: 1 time per week from late 10 months to mid 4 months; transition period: 4 in late-5 in middle of the month, 2-3 times per week; film uncovering period: irrigating for 1 time in the last ten days of 5 months to the middle ten days of 10 months continuously without rain in 3 days;
compared with the flood irrigation, the average individual weight of the bamboo shoots irrigated in the ditches is increased by 19.39%, the yield of the bamboo shoots is increased by 13.18%, and the quality and yield difference of the bamboo shoots produced by the two irrigation modes is shown in a table 2:
| irrigation mode | Number of samples (Cong) | Average individual weight of bamboo shoot (g) | Bamboo shoot yield (g) |
| Flood irrigation | 9 | 322.13 | 1895.42 |
| Irrigation of ditches | 9 | 384.60 | 2145.15 |
Air humidity: in the whole growth period, according to the weather change condition, the air humidity in the greenhouse is adjusted by uncovering the greenhouse film, so that the air humidity in the greenhouse is kept between 88 and 100 percent, in addition, under the conditions that the air humidity is lower in the winter season and the sunlight is long and strong in the uncovering period, the air humidity is increased or the temperature is reduced in an auxiliary mode of atomization sprinkling irrigation, so that the evaporation of water in the blades is reduced, the sprinkling irrigation time is 1-2 pm and 5-6 pm, the air humidity of the green bamboo canopy layer is increased by about 34 percent after the sprinkling irrigation, and the temperature is reduced by about 3.2 ℃;
the soil humidity and air humidity throughout the year in the greenhouse are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3
Wherein h is the soil depth.
(3) Illumination management: in the whole growth period, under the condition of proper temperature in the greenhouse, the green bamboos are kept with sufficient illumination, and the specific measures are as follows:
regulating and controlling planting density: taking a traditional arched shed type sunlight greenhouse as an example (the length is multiplied by 50m and multiplied by 8 m), the distance between every two adjacent bamboo clumps is at least 1.0m from the south-north boundary, the distance between every two adjacent bamboo clumps is 3m, the number of the green bamboos in each clump is 4-6, and the planting density of the green bamboos is 340-510 plants/mu;
shading the shady: in 5-8 months, the light intensity is higher, a shading net is required to be covered on the shed frame, the shading net is preferably in a grid shape, natural rainfall can enter a greenhouse while shading, moisture is provided for the growth of green bamboos, the transmittance of the shading net is 60% -70%, the shading of the environment under the forest is easily caused when the transmittance is lower than 60%, diseases and pests such as sooty mildew and aphids occur frequently, the shading effect is not obvious when the transmittance is higher than 75%, and the influence of different transmittances on the light inhibition effect of the green bamboos and the occurrence or non-occurrence of the diseases and pests is shown in table 4:
TABLE 4
| Transmittance of light | 45％ | 60％ | 75％ | 90％ |
| No light inhibition in growth period | Is free of | Is free of | Is composed of | Is provided with |
| Presence or absence of disease or insect pest | Is provided with | Is free of | Is composed of | Is composed of |
S3, harvesting bamboo shoots
Harvesting green bamboo shoots according to a bamboo shoot emergence rule, wherein the illumination of 3-4 months in northern areas is sufficient, so that the buds of the bamboo shoots in the underground part can be germinated, a shed film and a cotton mat are covered in autumn and winter for heat preservation, the final stage of the obtained bamboo shoots is prolonged to 12 months, compared with an original production area, the green bamboo shoots planted in a greenhouse are prolonged by about 3 months, the early green bamboo shoots are subjected to summer hydrothermal conditions, the high growth is finished in a full period for 45-55 days, the high growth, branch drawing and leaf unfolding time of the early bamboo shoots is shorter, the overground vegetative organs are built earlier, and the smooth bamboo shoots in the next year can be favorably realized; when the green bamboo shoots in the full-season experience the wintering period of 11-3 months next year, the high growth is finished in 10-12 months, the duration lasts for 50-67 days, and more 'second-water bamboo shoots' are stronger in the green bamboo shoots in the full-season, so that grown bamboo shoots with strong growth and developed root and stem bamboo shoots are preferably selected for remaining culture in the early and full-season of the grown bamboo shoots, and the rest are all harvested; and the late-stage green bamboo shoots finish high growth for 60-100 days after 12-3 months in the next year, the environmental temperature of the late-stage green bamboo shoots after emergence of soil is lower and lower, the rate of bamboo shoots retreating is higher, the green bamboo shoots are not suitable for being kept, the green bamboo shoots are collected completely, and the growth phenological period of the green bamboo shoots in the greenhouse is shown in table 5:
TABLE 5
S4, bamboo bundle adjustment
Age structure adjustment of bamboo clumps starting at year 3, clump age structure of green bamboo: three years of life: two years of life: annual growth is 0.
Example 2
The method for cultivating green bamboos in a northern greenhouse basically comprises the following steps as in example 1, and the only difference is that: in step S4, the clump age structure of green bamboos: growing for three years: two years of life: annual 2.
Example 3
The method for cultivating the green bamboos in the northern greenhouse basically comprises the following steps of 1: in step S4, the clump age structure of green bamboos: growing for three years: two years of life: annual 2.
Comparative example 1
The method for cultivating the green bamboos in the northern greenhouse basically comprises the following steps of 1: in step S4, the clump age structure of green bamboos: growing for three years: in the second year: annual ratio is 3.
Comparative example 2
The method for cultivating the green bamboos in the northern greenhouse basically comprises the following steps of 1: in step S4, the clump age structure of green bamboo: growing for three years: two years of life: annual 0.
Comparative example 3
The method for cultivating the green bamboos in the northern greenhouse basically comprises the following steps of 1: in step S4, the clump age structure of green bamboo: three years of life: in the second year: annual 0.
Comparative example 4
The method for cultivating the green bamboos in the northern greenhouse basically comprises the following steps of 1: in step S4, the clump age structure of green bamboos: growing for three years: in the second year: annual ratio is 3.
Comparative example 5
The method for cultivating the green bamboos in the northern greenhouse basically comprises the following steps of 1: in step S4, the clump age structure of green bamboos: three years of life: in the second year: annual 1.
The differences of bamboo shoot quality and yield in different bamboo clump age structures are shown in table 6:
TABLE 6
As can be seen from table 6, the individual weights and yields of the green bamboo shoots produced in examples 1 to 3 are superior to those of the green bamboo shoots produced in comparative documents 1 to 5, indicating that the clumpy-age structure of the green bamboo shoots is three years old: two years of life: annual growth is 0, 2, or 2.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for cultivating green bamboos in a northern greenhouse is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, transplanting bamboo seedlings
Selecting strong-growing mother bamboos without diseases and insect pests and full stem base meshes, and transplanting the mother bamboos to a greenhouse for cultivation;
s2, field management
(1) Temperature management: the temperature adjustment in the whole growth period of the green bamboos is divided into three stages:
and (3) overwintering period: in late 10-4-middle of the month, the lowest temperature in the greenhouse at night is kept above 4 ℃, and the average temperature throughout the day is kept at 9-18 ℃;
a transition period: in late ten days of 4 months to middle ten days of 5 months, the lowest temperature in the greenhouse at night is kept above 8 ℃, and the average temperature in the whole day is kept at 17-23 ℃;
film uncovering period: in late 5-10-middle of the month, the lowest temperature in the greenhouse at night is kept above 10 ℃, and the average temperature throughout the day is kept at 12-28 ℃;
(2) Humidity management: the environmental humidity on which green bamboo grows is divided into two aspects:
soil moisture: irrigating the green bamboos according to soil moisture content in the whole growth period, and keeping the soil moist;
air humidity: adjusting the air humidity in the greenhouse according to the weather change condition in the whole growth period;
(3) Illumination management: in the whole growth period, under the condition of proper temperature in the greenhouse, the green bamboos are kept under sufficient illumination;
s3, harvesting bamboo shoots
Harvesting the green bamboo shoots according to the bamboo shoot emergence rule, and selecting the green bamboo shoots with good growth vigor for remaining culture;
s4, bamboo bundle adjustment
Age structure adjustment of bamboo clumps was performed starting at year 3, and pruning and bud removal of green bamboos were performed.
2. The method for cultivating green bamboo in a northern greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transplanting time is 4 months and in the middle ten days per year in step S1, the mother bamboo is bagged with soil, transported in shade, and sprayed with water during transportation to keep the bamboo stumps and the bamboo stalks moist.
3. The cultivation method of green bamboo in a northern greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the specific measures for adjusting the temperature of the green bamboo throughout the growth period are as follows:
and (3) overwintering period: covering a greenhouse film and a cotton mat on the greenhouse frame at night for heat preservation at 7-9 o 'clock each day, opening a vent at the top of the greenhouse film until 5 o' clock in the afternoon, and covering the cotton mat again until the lowest air temperature at night in the greenhouse is kept above 4 ℃ and the average air temperature in the whole day is kept at 9-18 ℃;
a transition period: opening the cotton mat from late 4 th to middle 5 th of the month, opening ventilation openings at the top and the bottom of the greenhouse film, and ventilating all day long to keep the lowest temperature in the greenhouse at night above 8 ℃ and the average temperature in the greenhouse at 17-23 ℃;
film uncovering period: in the late 5 th-10 th of the month, the greenhouse film is completely uncovered, so that the lowest temperature in the greenhouse at night is kept above 10 ℃, and the average temperature in the greenhouse throughout the day is kept at 12-28 ℃.
4. The cultivation method of green bamboo in a northern greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the concrete measures for soil moisture management are as follows:
digging ditches with the width of 15cm and the depth of 25cm at two sides of the bamboo clumps, and irrigating the green bamboos by collecting precipitation or introducing irrigation water into the ditches;
irrigation in the whole growth period of the green bamboos is divided into three stages: and (3) overwintering period: 1 time per week from 10 late ten days to 4 middle ten days; transition period: from late 4 months to mid 5 months, 2-3 times per week; film uncovering period: irrigating for 1 time in 3 days when there is no rain continuously from 5 late to 10 middle of month.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the humidity of the air in the greenhouse is adjusted by removing the cover film to maintain the humidity of the air in the greenhouse at 88% -100%.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein in step S2, during the winter season and the film uncovering season, the humidity of air in the greenhouse needs to be increased by atomized sprinkling irrigation at 1-2 pm and 5-6 pm.
7. The method for cultivating green bamboo in a northern greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the specific measures for light management are:
regulating and controlling planting density: the distance between two adjacent bamboo clumps is 3m, the number of the green bamboos in each clump is 4-6, and the planting density of the green bamboos is 340-510 plants/mu;
shading the shady: in 5-8 months, the light intensity is high, a shading net needs to be covered on the shed frame, and the transmittance of the shading net is 60% -70%.
8. The cultivation method of green bamboo in a northern greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the shoot emergence period of green bamboo is divided into three stages: 5-6 months later, 7-9 months later and 10-12 months later;
digging all grown bamboo shoots at the late stage of the shoot emergence, selecting part of grown bamboo shoots which are strong in growth and have developed root, stem and shoot buds at the early stage and the full stage of the shoot emergence, reasonably remaining the grown bamboo shoots, and completely harvesting the rest grown bamboo shoots.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S4, the clump age structure of the green bamboo is: three years of life: two years of life: annual 0, 2.
10. The cultivation method of green bamboo in a northern greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the concrete measures of pruning and bud removal are as follows: when the bamboo shoots sprout, the shoots are cut off, and only the 5 th and above shoots on the ground are reserved.
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