CN103583206A - Relay intercropping and crop rotation ecological planting method of gastrodia elata and gentiana rigescen in Wumeng mountain area - Google Patents
Relay intercropping and crop rotation ecological planting method of gastrodia elata and gentiana rigescen in Wumeng mountain area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a relay intercropping and crop rotation ecological planting method of gastrodia elata and gentiana rigescen in the Wumeng mountain area. The method includes the following steps of 1, selecting and preparing lands, forming ponds, preparing materials and cultivating fungus beds in the first year, 2, planting gastrodia elata seeds in a field planting mode, mowing grass to cover the ponds, sowing gentiana rigescen, draining and preventing water logging, and excavating the gastrodia elata in the second year, 3, thinning seedlings and filling gaps with seedlings, weeding, applying fertilizer, and shearing stalks to pass the winter in the third year, 4, managing the fields and harvesting the gentiana rigescen in the fourth year, and 5, repeatedly executing the first step, the second step, the third step and the fourth step and reforming ponds to plant the gastrodia elata and planting the gentiana rigescen in a relay intercropping and crop rotation mode in the fifth year. The relay intercropping and crop rotation ecological planting method of the gastrodia elata and the gentiana rigescen is ecological and effective, waste slopes and sparse wood are fully utilized, lands used for the gastrodia elata and the gentiana rigescen are not in conflict with lands for crops, the utilization rate of land resources and the output, the quality and the output value of the medicinal materials can be greatly increased, the period of crop rotation of the gentiana rigescen is efficiently shortened, ecological benefits, economic benefits and social benefits are remarkable, and the method is simple and feasible.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to traditional Chinese medicine planting technology field, particularly the ecology planting method of a kind of Wumeng Shan Mountain district's gastrodia elata f. glauca and Yunnan rough gentian cover, crop rotation.
Background technology
Rhizoma Gastrodiae (Gastrodia elata Bl.) is the orchid family Gastrodia herbaceos perennial, has breath wind and stops convulsion, suppressing liver-YANG, dispelling wind and removing obstruction in the meridians effect.It is dizzy to treating, headache, hypertension, senile dementia etc. have good therapeutic effect, is widely used in medicine and healthcare industry.Successive dynasties books on Chinese herbal medicine is recorded all provinces in rhizoma Gastrodiae main product southwest, and the Wumeng Shan Mountain rhizoma Gastrodiaes that is produced from district such as northeast of Yunnan Zhaotong, WESTERN GUIZHOU Bijie, generous and South Sichuan Yibin of take are famous genunie medicinal materials, and quality is especially good.
Yunnan rough gentian (Gentiana rigescens Franch), has another name called hard rough gentian, southern rough gentian, is Gentianaceae, Gentiana herbaceos perennial, has heat-clearing and damp-drying drug, purging the liver of pathogenic fire courage effect of fire.Yunnan rough gentian main product in Yunnan, the ground such as Guizhou, Sichuan, with Zhaotong County, Yunnan, Guizhou Bijie and generous, the genuine place of production of rough gentian, Deng Diwei Yunnan, Xichang Sichuan.
Wumeng Shan Mountain district is one of China economically underdeveloped area, has the means of production such as a large amount of barren hills, forest.Gastrodia elata f. glauca plantation, processing are the most important specialty industries in Wumeng Shan Mountain district, to helping local common people to shake off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity and promoting economic development significant.But artificial cultivation gastrodia elata f. glauca exists serious continuous cropping obstacle, rhizoma Gastrodiae could be cultivated after need to lying fallow 3～5 years again in the pool of planting rhizoma Gastrodiae, so land resources utilization rate is lower.Excavating wild Yunnan rough gentian is also Important Economic income of local farmers.But long-term unordered excavating, causes Yunnan rough gentian resource to be on the verge of exhaustion.More and the moistening sylvan life of humus is born in gastrodia elata f. glauca happiness, face south shrubbery and Cao Po, and height above sea level mostly is 700～2800 meters.Rough gentian happiness in Yunnan is born in patana, shrubbery, in sylvan life and mountain valley, height above sea level mostly is 1100～3000 meters.Visible, both growing environments and distributed areas are more approaching.The artificial cultivation of two kinds of medicinal materials has been had successful experience, and Yunnan and Guizhou have large-area cultivation.And at Zhaotong County, Yunnan and Guizhou Bijie, generous artificial rhizoma Gastrodiae growing area is common has wild Yunnan rough gentian to distribute.
Therefore, the present invention is according to the Ecology habit of gastrodia elata f. glauca, Yunnan rough gentian, and on traditional planting habit basis, for under Wumeng Shan Mountain district gastrodia elata f. glauca tradition cropping pattern, land utilization rate is low, the rotation cycle is long, the output value is too low and the problem such as continuous cropping obstacle, utilize bio-diversity, crop combination, ecological niche and traditional Chinese medicine pseudo-wild cultivating principle, set up the gastrodia elata f. glauca of a set of low input, low-risk, high benefit and Yunnan rough gentian cover, alternating method.By the method, can improve the land utilization rate of Wumeng Shan Mountain district gastrodia elata f. glauca planting site, shorten the gastrodia elata f. glauca rotation cycle (2 years, interval), increase numb agriculture economic benefit, promote local economic development.
By literature search, have no the open report identical with the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The present invention adopts the stereo ecological cropping pattern of " Yunnan rough gentian+underground gastrodia elata f. glauca on the ground ", solve the existing gastrodia elata f. glauca cropping pattern in Wumeng Shan Mountain district and had continuous cropping obstacle, rotation cycle is long, the technical problem that land resources utilization rate is low, provides the ecology planting method of a kind of Wumeng Shan Mountain district's gastrodia elata f. glauca and Yunnan rough gentian cover, crop rotation.
The method of the ecologic planting of a kind of Wumeng Shan Mountain of the present invention district's gastrodia elata f. glauca and Yunnan rough gentian cover, crop rotation is as follows:
(1) First Year: a. selection of land; Do the pool b. wholely; C. for material; D. cultivate bacterium bed;
(2) Second Year: a. field planting kind fiber crops; B. beat the grass and cover the pool; C. sow Yunnan rough gentian; D. drainage waterlogging prevention; E. collecting tuber of elevated gastrodia;
(3) the 3rd years: a. weeding fertilising; B. thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings; C. cutting bar passes the winter;
(4) the 4th years: a. field management; B. Yunnan rough gentian is gathered;
(5) the 5th years and after: repeat (1)～(4) step.
Further, in described step (1), the concrete operations of First Year are:
A. selection of land
Selecting long-term mean temperature is 12～14 ℃, relative air humidity is 70%～90%, and height above sea level is 1000～2500m, the massif gradient 5～30 degree, be rich in mixed forest ground or the shrub land of humus, loose, well-drained loam or sandy loam, soil pH 5.5～6.5.The high and cold mountain area that cools, is chosen in tailo planting rhizoma gastrodiae, in order to heat absorption, increases accumulated temperature; Low height above sea level high temperature area, is chosen in Schattenseite or underwood planting rhizoma Gastrodiae, in order to sheltering from heat or light, covers day, reduces ground temperature, and guarantees soil moisture; Upper level, selects half shady half tailo; Rhizoma Gastrodiae is avoided continuous cropping, and planting site will select virgin land;
Do the pool b. wholely
In 4～June, carry out whole doing the pool, first remove turf, tree root, stone during whole ground, then according to the landform in place, inclined slope aspect is dug and is cultivated the pool, cultivates the length on the pool along contour, wide along slope aspect, cultivates the long 60～70cm in the pool, wide 40～50cm, dark 20～25cm; Cultivate bottom, pool inclined slope aspect and make 5～10 ° of inclined-planes, in order to draining, make a call to 200～250 pools for every mu according to landform, cultivating pool spacing is 50～80cm;
C. for material
While cultivating bacterium bed, select the seeds of suitable halimasch growth.Conventional seeds have blue or green thick stick, oriental white oak, cork oak, Mao Li, wild cherry, autumn elaeagnus root leaf and fruit, Anlnus nepalensis, mulberry tree etc., and the broad-leaved tree that the bark of take is thick, essence is hard, rotproofness is strong is as good.Bacterium material is advisable with trunk, the branch of diameter 6～10cm, and will guarantee as green wood, is generally cultivating first 3～5 days felling timber of bacterium bed.Green wood is removed withe, is sawn into long 12～15cm juggle, and every pool juggle length used should be tried one's best unanimously, so that cultivate and plantation fiber crops.2～3, fish scale mouth cutting spacing and be 3～4cm on each juggle, the degree of depth is advisable to reach xylem.Simultaneously by withe, that leaf is cut into 3～5cm segment with chopper is standby.
D. cultivate bacterium bed
The time of cultivating bacterium bed is 6～August.The soil of 3～5cm at the bottom of cultivation hole, the pool is dug to pine, and the ready juggle of lay, makes it to compress and do not stay gap with culture bed subsoil earth.Juggle placing direction is parallel to contour, according to juggle thickness, occupies the pool.Inclined slope aspect is put juggle and is put and be easy to draining than horizontal wall inscription; Adjacent two juggles, section spacing is from 2～3cm, and adjacent two juggle spacings are 4～5cm.At juggle section and fish scale mouth place, connect equably the high-quality halimasch cultivated species 500mL/ pool.Then ready withe and leaf are evenly sprinkling upon to juggle surface, thickness is advisable with 0.5～1.5cm, then use new native infill, in case living contaminants, and earthing 8～12cm thick (table soil is curvature of the spinal column type), slightly press, water permeablely, and in bacterium pool surface coverage dry branches and fallen leaves or weeds, carry out the cultivation of bacterium bed, between bacterium bed culture period, will carry out bacterium bed moisturizing water drainage, preventing that people and animals from trampleing on miscellaneous bacteria infects.Bacterium bed will be cultivated more than 5 months.
Further, in described step (2), the concrete operations of Second Year are:
A. field planting kind is numb
The HuperzineA field planting time is early Febuary～mid-March (spring cultivation).Select the hoary hair fiber crops in 0～2 generation of sexual propagation to do kind of fiber crops.Kind of numb weight is best with 10～30g/, selects fresh full, yellow-white, without dehydration, without damage by disease and insect, without wound, without freeze injury, without rotten, and the bodily form is spindle, and the obvious hoary hair fiber crops of eye are cooked kind of fiber crops.
During cultivated species fiber crops, first excavate the cultured bacterium bed of First Year table soil, the soil between bacterium material is taken out to half; On the bacterium material growing fine halimasch, put kind of fiber crops; Plant fiber crops and should put in shoestring many places, conventionally in two adjacent bacterium material section parts, put a kind fiber crops, bacterium material is put a kind fiber crops by side of a pond section part, and every discharge of bacteria material is placed 4 kind fiber crops altogether, amounts to every pool and places 16～20 kind fiber crops (approximately 300～500g).When kind fiber crops are put, upward, navel eye is near the bacterium material broken ends of fractured bone and bacterium material both sides for stem eye.And at kind of a numb navel eye, put 2～3 long, thick approximately new branches of 2～3cm and draw bacterium.Be well placed after kind of fiber crops, with soil, fill up space, table soil is resetted, thickness of earth covering is advisable with 10～15cm.If when plantation, soil moisture was too low, should on bacterium bed, water one time permeable.
B. beat the grass and cover the pool
Early or mid April and late August, cut off in time the weeds such as rhizoma Gastrodiae planting site fernwort, undershrub, and be covered on bacterium bed, to reduce moisture evaporation, keep ground moistening, prevent that rain drop erosion from causing soil compaction, winter also can be antifreeze.
C. sow Yunnan rough gentian
The Yunnan rough gentian planting seed time is in late April～mid-May.Sow first 1 day Yunnan rough gentian seed is put into the gibberellin of 200mg/L concentration and 0.5% carbendazim wettable powder soaks 24 hours, after pulling out, mix rear standby with 20 times of wet fine sands.Before sowing, first remove the foreign material in vacant lot between the rhizoma Gastrodiae planting site bacterium pool, and the shallow hoe of topsoil is loosened the soil, then will mix Yunnan rough gentian seed uniform broadcasting vacant lot between the bacterium pool of fine sand, earthing not, seeding quantity 100g/ mu.
D. drainage waterlogging prevention
The 7-9 rainy season month, dug in time drain ditch in the field, get rid of unnecessary rainwater, prevent that ponding from causing Gastrodia Elata Stem Tuber and Yunnan rough gentian scutellum rot.
E. collecting tuber of elevated gastrodia
Late Febuary in December to next year is excavated rhizoma Gastrodiae (the arrow fiber crops of gathering are generally referred to as winter fiber crops, and quality is better).Selection fine day is gathered, and while gathering, first except the table soil on the cultivation pool, then digs inwards from the bacterium material of rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation pool side with hand, opens the cultivation pool, collects rhizoma Gastrodiae.After excavating, the bacterium material digging out is concentrated, taken out of planting site, and by the table earthen backfill excavating.The rhizoma Gastrodiae digging out is placed respectively by commodity fiber crops and kind fiber crops, handles with care and avoids mechanical damage.Commodity fiber crops separate storage to quality, cleans earth in time, carries out processing sell.Every pool fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae 4～5kg that can gather, the every mu of fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae 800～1000kg that can gather.
Further, in described step (3), the concrete steps of the 3rd year are:
A. thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings
Early or mid April, the rainy day will remove between the overstocked Yunnan rough gentian seedling in field, and the Yunnan rough gentian seedling pulling is reseeded on the bacterium pool of excavating after rhizoma Gastrodiae.
B. weeding fertilising
Early or mid May and mid or late August, the weeds in field of planting site is pulled out in time.And in conjunction with weeding, 2～3 times potassium dihydrogen phosphates of foliage-spray or polynary nutrient foliage fertilizer, concentration is 800～1200 times, to promote Yunnan rough gentian root growth.
C. cutting bar passes the winter
By the end of November to December, fall after seedling until rough gentian overground part in winter in Yunnan is withered, with mower or reaping hook, its terrestrial stem stalk is cut off at place at 4～5cm overhead, in order under ground portion, pass the winter.When cutting off stem stalk, note not hurting the young shoot of plant base portion, in order to plant strain growth in the coming year.
Further, in described step (4), the concrete steps of the 4th year are:
A. field management
The diligent weeding of summer, autumn, dug drain ditch, prevention waterlogging; And in conjunction with weeding, 2～3 times potassium dihydrogen phosphates of foliage-spray or polynary nutrient foliage fertilizer, concentration is 800～1200 times, to promote Yunnan rough gentian root growth.
B. Yunnan rough gentian is gathered
In January in December to next year, gather in time Yunnan rough gentian seed and medicinal material, wipe out overground part after excavating, and rhizome dries in the air and with hand rubbing, rubs epidermis and earth when half-dried, after shaping, dries.Can gather in the crops Yunnan rough gentian dry product 100～150kg for general every mu.
With respect to prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, the present invention is according on the basis of the Ecology habit of gastrodia elata f. glauca, Yunnan rough gentian and traditional planting habit, utilize gastrodia elata f. glauca and Yunnan rough gentian niche space complementarity principle, give full play to the advantage of bio-diversity, crop combination and traditional Chinese medicine pseudo-wild cultivating, adopt the stereo ecological cropping pattern of " Yunnan rough gentian+underground gastrodia elata f. glauca on the ground ", can make full use of like this land resources and solve gastrodia elata f. glauca continuous cropping problem, gastrodia elata f. glauca crop rotation gap periods is shortened to 1 year, improve land utilization rate, increase numb agriculture income.
2, the present invention includes the pool technology of doing, fixedly bacterium bed culture technique, gastrodia elata f. glauca vegetative propagation technique, Yunnan rough gentian Direct Hole Sowing and field integrated management and science harvesting technique wholely, by the inventive method, can promote the comprehensive utilization of Wumeng Shan Mountain district gastrodia elata f. glauca planting site, improve land utilization rate, improve root yield, quality and the output value, shorten the rotation cycle, increase numb agriculture income, promote local economic development.
3, utilize the inventive method plantation, can gather in the crops fresh gastrodia elata f. glauca 800～1000kg for every mu, dry product gastrodin content is in 0.3～0.4% (surpassing standards of pharmacopoeia), and by 80 yuan/kg calculation of price, gastrodia elata f. glauca income is 64,000～80,000 yuan/mu; Simultaneously can gather in the crops the dry medicinal material 100～150kg of Yunnan rough gentian for every mu, dry product gentiopicroside in different morphological is in 6.23～6.74% (surpassing standards of pharmacopoeia), and by 45 yuan/kg calculation of price, Yunnan rough gentian income is 4,500～6,750 yuan/mu; Every mu of rhizoma Gastrodiae and Yunnan rough gentian total income be 68,500～86,750 yuan.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of technical solution of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is bacterium of the present invention pool schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with concrete drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further details:
Embodiment 1:
This example is implemented in Zhong Ming township, Yiliang County, Zhaotong County, Yunnan city.Selected to implement in the mountain waste woods of 2000 meters of height above sea level, hillside fields, the gradient is 5～30 degree.For mountain top tailo ground.Test selected experimental field soil layer deep, be rich in humus, climatic environment is moistening, away from city and industrial pollution, atmosphere, water and soil all reach country-level standard.
(1) First Year
Do the pool a. wholely
In April, carry out whole the pool of doing, cultivate the long 70cm in the pool, wide 50cm, deeply 25cm; 5 ° of inclined-planes are made in bottom, the bacterium pool.According to landform, make a call to the 200 ，Jun pool, pool spacing at 80cm for every mu.
B. for material
Select Qing Gang, wild cherry to do bacterium material.Fresh bacterium material diameter 6～10cm, is sawn into the juggle (band bark) of long 15cm.On each juggle, cut 2～3, the fish scale mouth of distance 3～4cm.Simultaneously by withe, that leaf is cut into 3～5cm segment with chopper is standby.
C. cultivate bacterium bed
Cultivate the time of bacterium bed in June.The soil of 3～5cm at the bottom of cultivation hole, the pool is dug to pine, the ready juggle of lay.Juggle is put 3 along slope aspect, along contour, puts 4～5 (according to juggle thickness, determining).Adjacent two juggles, section spacing reason 2～3cm, adjacent two juggle spacing 4～5cm.At juggle section and fish scale mouth place, connect equably 1 bottle of high-quality halimasch cultivated species (500mL).Then ready withe and leaf are spread on juggle uniformly, thickness 0.5～1.5cm, then uses new native infill, and earthing 8～12cm thick (table soil is curvature of the spinal column type), slightly press, water permeable, and in the surface cover of the bacterium pool dry branches and fallen leaves or weeds, carry out the cultivation of bacterium bed.Between bacterium bed culture period, will carry out bacterium bed moisturizing water drainage, preventing that people and animals from trampleing on miscellaneous bacteria infects.
(2) Second Year
A. field planting kind is numb
The HuperzineA field planting time is at early or mid March.Select the hoary hair fiber crops in 0～1 generation of sexual propagation to do kind of fiber crops.Kind of numb weight 10～30g/, select fresh full, yellow-white, without dehydration, without damage by disease and insect, without wound, without freeze injury, without rotting, the bodily form is spindle, and the obvious hoary hair fiber crops of eye are cooked kind of fiber crops.
During cultivated species fiber crops, first excavate the cultured bacterium bed of First Year table soil, the soil between bacterium material is taken out to half.On the bacterium material growing fine halimasch, put kind of fiber crops, amount to every pool and place 20 kind fiber crops (about 500g).When kind fiber crops are put, upward, navel eye is near the bacterium material broken ends of fractured bone and bacterium material both sides for stem eye.And at kind of a numb navel eye, put 2～3 long, thick approximately new branches of 2～3cm and draw bacterium.Be well placed after kind of fiber crops, with soil, fill up space, table soil is returned to original position again, thickness is at 15cm.
B. beat the grass and cover the pool
Early or mid April and late August, cut off in time the weeds such as rhizoma Gastrodiae planting site fernwort, undershrub, and be covered on bacterium bed, keep ground moistening, prevent that rain drop erosion from causing soil compaction.
C. sow Yunnan rough gentian
The Yunnan rough gentian planting seed time is in mid-May.Sow first 1 day Yunnan rough gentian seed is put into the gibberellin of 200mg/L concentration and 0.5% carbendazim wettable powder soaks 24 hours, after pulling out, mix rear standby with 20 times of wet fine sands.Before sowing, first remove the foreign material in vacant lot between the rhizoma Gastrodiae planting site bacterium pool, and the shallow hoe of topsoil is loosened the soil, then will mix Yunnan rough gentian seed uniform broadcasting vacant lot between the bacterium pool of fine sand, earthing not, seeding quantity 100g/ mu.
D. drainage waterlogging prevention
Rainy season in 7～September, dug in time drain ditch in the field, get rid of unnecessary rainwater, prevent that ponding from causing Gastrodia Elata Stem Tuber and Yunnan rough gentian scutellum rot.
E. rhizoma Gastrodiae is excavated
Excavate rhizoma Gastrodiae December.Every pool fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae 5kg that gathers, the every mu of fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae 1000kg that gathers.
(3) the 3rd years
A. thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings
Early or mid April, the rainy day will remove between the overstocked Yunnan rough gentian seedling in field, and the Yunnan rough gentian seedling pulling is reseeded on the bacterium pool of excavating after rhizoma Gastrodiae.
B. weeding fertilising
Early or mid May and mid or late August, the weeds in field of planting site is pulled out in time.And in conjunction with weeding, 2～3 times foliage fertilizer potassium dihydrogen phosphates of foliage-spray, concentration is 800～1200 times.
C. cutting bar passes the winter
By the end of November, with mower, Yunnan rough gentian terrestrial stem stalk is cut off at place at 4～5cm overhead.
(4) the 4th years
A. field management
The diligent weeding of summer, autumn, dug drain ditch, prevention waterlogging.And in conjunction with weeding, 2～3 times potassium dihydrogen phosphates of foliage-spray, concentration is 800～1200 times.
B. Yunnan rough gentian is gathered
December, gather in time Yunnan rough gentian seed and medicinal material.Can gather in the crops the dry medicinal material 150kg of Yunnan rough gentian for every mu.
(5) the 5th years: repeat (1)～(4) step.
Embodiment 1 every mu can gather in the crops fresh gastrodia elata f. glauca 1000kg, dry product gastrodin content (surpasses standards of pharmacopoeia) 0.4%, by 80 yuan/kg calculation of price, gastrodia elata f. glauca income is at 80,000 yuan/mu; Can gather in the crops the dry medicinal material 150kg of Yunnan rough gentian for every mu, dry product gentiopicroside in different morphological is in 6.74% (surpassing standards of pharmacopoeia) simultaneously, and by 45 yuan/kg calculation of price, Yunnan rough gentian income is at 6,750 yuan/mu; Every mu of gastrodia elata f. glauca and Yunnan rough gentian total income are at 86,750 yuan.And by Yunnan rough gentian cover, crop rotation, gastrodia elata f. glauca crop rotation gap periods is shortened to 1 year.Thereby the land resources of making full use of and solution gastrodia elata f. glauca continuous cropping problem, shorten the rotation cycle, improves land utilization rate, increase numb agriculture income, and method is simple.
Embodiment 2
This example is implemented in forest farm, slubbing river, little fascine dam township, Yiliang County, Zhaotong County, Yunnan city.Selected to implement in the raw Sorbus alnifloria of the 3-4 forest land of 1800 meters of height above sea level, tableland, hillside, the gradient is 5 degree.Selected planting site soil layer is deep, be rich in humus, and climatic environment is moistening, and away from city and industrial pollution, atmosphere, water and soil all reach country-level standard.
(1) First Year
Do the pool a. wholely
In May, carry out whole the pool of doing, cultivate the long 60cm in the pool, wide 40cm, deeply 20cm; 10 ° of inclined-planes are made in bottom, the bacterium pool.According to landform, make a call to the 250 ，Jun pool, pool spacing at 60cm for every mu.
B. for material
Select Sorbus alnifloria, wild cherry to do bacterium material.Fresh bacterium material diameter 8～10cm, is sawn into the juggle (band bark) of long 12cm.On each juggle, cut 2～3, the fish scale mouth of distance 3～4cm.Simultaneously by withe, that leaf is cut into 3～5cm segment with chopper is standby.
C. cultivate bacterium bed
Cultivate the time of bacterium bed in July.The soil of 3～5cm at the bottom of cultivation hole, the pool is dug to pine, the ready juggle of lay.At juggle section and fish scale mouth place, connect equably 1 bottle of high-quality halimasch cultivated species (500mL).Then ready withe and leaf are sprinkling upon on juggle uniformly, thickness 0.5～1.5cm, then uses new native infill, and earthing 8～12cm thick (table soil is curvature of the spinal column type), slightly press, water permeable, and in the surface cover of the bacterium pool dry branches and fallen leaves or weeds, carry out the cultivation of bacterium bed.Between bacterium bed culture period, will carry out bacterium bed moisturizing water drainage, preventing that people and animals from trampleing on miscellaneous bacteria infects.
(2) Second Year
A. field planting kind is numb
The HuperzineA field planting time is in early or mid Febuary.Select the hoary hair fiber crops in 1～2 generation of sexual propagation to do kind of fiber crops.Kind of numb weight 10～30g/, select fresh full, yellow-white, without dehydration, without damage by disease and insect, without wound, without freeze injury, without rotting, the bodily form is spindle, and the obvious hoary hair fiber crops of eye are cooked kind of fiber crops.
During cultivation rhizoma Gastrodiae, first excavate the cultured bacterium bed of First Year table soil, the soil between bacterium material is taken out to half.On the bacterium material growing fine halimasch, put all fiber crops, amount to every pool and place 16 kind fiber crops (about 400g).When kind fiber crops are put, upward, navel eye is near the bacterium material broken ends of fractured bone and bacterium material both sides for stem eye.And at kind of a numb navel eye, put 2～3 long, thick approximately new branches of 2～3cm and draw bacterium.Be well placed after hoary hair fiber crops, with soil, fill up space, table soil is returned to original position again, thickness is at 10cm.
B. beat the grass and cover the pool
Early or mid April and late August, cut off in time the weeds such as rhizoma Gastrodiae planting site fernwort, undershrub, and be covered on bacterium bed, keep ground moistening, prevent that rain drop erosion from causing soil compaction.
C. sow Yunnan rough gentian
The Yunnan rough gentian planting seed time is in late April.Sow first 1 day Yunnan rough gentian seed is put into the gibberellin of 200mg/L concentration and 0.5% carbendazim wettable powder soaks 24 hours, after pulling out, mix rear standby with 20 times of wet fine sands.Before sowing, first remove the foreign material in vacant lot between the rhizoma Gastrodiae planting site bacterium pool, and the shallow hoe of topsoil is loosened the soil, then will mix Yunnan rough gentian seed uniform broadcasting vacant lot between the bacterium pool of fine sand, earthing not, seeding quantity 100g/ mu.
D. drainage waterlogging prevention
Rainy season in 7～September, dug in time drain ditch in the field, get rid of unnecessary rainwater, prevent that ponding from causing Gastrodia Elata Stem Tuber and Yunnan rough gentian scutellum rot.
E. collecting tuber of elevated gastrodia
Excavate rhizoma Gastrodiae December.Every pool fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae 4kg that gathers, the every mu of fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae 1000kg that gathers.
(3) the 3rd years
A. thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings
Early or mid May, the rainy day will remove between the overstocked Yunnan rough gentian seedling in field, and the Yunnan rough gentian seedling pulling is reseeded on the bacterium pool of excavating after rhizoma Gastrodiae.
B. weeding fertilising
Early or mid May and mid or late August, the weeds in field of planting site is pulled out in time.And in conjunction with weeding, 2～3 times polynary nutrient foliage fertilizers of foliage-spray, concentration is 800～1200 times.
C. cutting bar passes the winter
By the end of November, with reaping hook, Yunnan rough gentian terrestrial stem stalk is cut off at place at 4～5cm overhead.
(4) the 4th years
A. field management
The diligent weeding of summer, autumn, dug drain ditch, prevention waterlogging.And in conjunction with weeding, 2～3 times polynary nutrient foliage fertilizers of foliage-spray, concentration is 800～1200 times.
B. Yunnan rough gentian is gathered
December, gather in time Yunnan rough gentian seed and medicinal material.Can gather in the crops the dry medicinal material 100kg of Yunnan rough gentian for every mu.
(5) the 5th years: repeat (1)～(4) step.
Embodiment 2 every mu can gather in the crops fresh gastrodia elata f. glauca 1000kg, dry product gastrodin content (surpasses standards of pharmacopoeia) 0.35%, by 80 yuan/kg calculation of price, gastrodia elata f. glauca income is at 80,000 yuan/mu; Can gather in the crops the dry medicinal material 100kg of Yunnan rough gentian for every mu, dry product gentiopicroside in different morphological is in 6.23% (surpassing standards of pharmacopoeia) simultaneously, and by 45 yuan/kg calculation of price, Yunnan rough gentian income is at 4,500 yuan/mu; Every mu of rhizoma Gastrodiae and Yunnan rough gentian total income are at 84,500 yuan.And by Yunnan rough gentian cover, crop rotation, gastrodia elata f. glauca crop rotation gap periods is shortened to 1 year.Thereby the land resources of making full use of and solution gastrodia elata f. glauca continuous cropping problem, shorten the rotation cycle, improves land utilization rate, increase numb agriculture income, and method is simple.
The above, be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, and any variation of expecting without creative work or replacement, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain that claims were limited.
Claims (6)
- The method of 1.Yi Zhong Wumeng Shan Mountain district's gastrodia elata f. glauca and Yunnan rough gentian cover, crop rotation, is characterized in that " Yunnan rough gentian+underground gastrodia elata f. glauca on the ground " stereo ecological plantation, and method is as follows:(1) First Year: a. selection of land; Do the pool b. wholely; C. for material; D. cultivate bacterium bed;(2) Second Year: a. field planting kind fiber crops; B. beat the grass and cover the pool; C. sow Yunnan rough gentian; D. drainage waterlogging prevention; E. collecting tuber of elevated gastrodia;(3) the 3rd years: a. weeding fertilising; B. thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings; C. cutting bar passes the winter;(4) the 4th years: a. field management; B. Yunnan rough gentian is gathered;(5) the 5th years: repeat (1)～(4) step.
- 2. the method for claim 1, wherein in step (1),A. selection of land, refers to, selecting long-term mean temperature is 12～14 ℃, and relative air humidity is 70%～90%, height above sea level 1000～2500m, the massif gradient 5～30 degree, mixed forest ground or the shrub land of loam or sandy loam, virgin land;B. do the pool wholely, refer to, inclined slope aspect is dug and is cultivated the pool, cultivates the length on the pool along contour, wide along slope aspect, cultivates the long 60～70cm in the pool, wide 40～50cm, dark 20～25cm; Cultivate bottom, pool inclined slope aspect and make 5～10 ° of inclined-planes, make a call to 200～250 pools for every mu, cultivate pool spacing at 50～80cm;C. standby material, refers to, selects bark broad-leaved tree thick, that essence is hard, rotproofness is strong to do bacterium material, and bacterium material diameter 6～10cm, and will keep fresh is sawn into the juggle of long 12～15cm, cuts apart from 2～3, the fish scale mouth of 3～4cm on juggle, and the fish scale mouth degree of depth reaches xylem;D. cultivate bacterium bed, refer to, cultivate bacterium bed 6～August, juggle placing direction is parallel to contour, and inclined slope aspect is put juggle, adjacent two juggles, and section spacing is from 2～3cm, and adjacent two juggle spacings are 4～5cm; At juggle section and fish scale mouth place, connect equably the high-quality halimasch cultivated species 500mL/ pool.
- 3. the method for claim 1, wherein in step (2),A. field planting kind fiber crops, refer to, field planting in 2～March kind fiber crops, and planting fiber crops, to select 0～2 generation of sexual propagation, size be the hoary hair fiber crops of 10～30g/, 16～20 kind fiber crops are placed on every pool, and at kind of a numb navel eye, put 2～3 long, thick approximately new branches of 2～3cm and draw bacterium;B. beat the grass and cover the pool, refer to, early or mid April and late August, the weeds in field such as fernwort, undershrub that cuts off rhizoma Gastrodiae planting site covers on bacterium bed;C. sow Yunnan rough gentian, refer to, sowing late April～mid-May, uses the gibberellin of 200mg/L concentration and 0.5% carbendazim wettable powder to soak 24 hours before the rough gentian planting seed of Yunnan, and the doubly wet fine sands of pulling rear and 20 out mix to mix to be broadcast, seeding quantity 100g/ mu;D. drainage waterlogging prevention, refers to, the 7-9 rainy season month, has dug in time drain ditch in the field, gets rid of unnecessary rainwater;E. collecting tuber of elevated gastrodia, refers to, first except the table soil on the cultivation pool, then digs inwards from the bacterium material of rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation pool side with hand, opens the cultivation pool, collects rhizoma Gastrodiae.
- 4. the method for claim 1, wherein in step (3),A. thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings, and refers to, early or mid April, the rainy day will remove between the overstocked Yunnan rough gentian seedling in field, and the Yunnan rough gentian seedling pulling is reseeded on the bacterium pool of excavating after rhizoma Gastrodiae;B. weeding fertilising, refers to, early or mid May and mid or late August, pull out in time weeds in field, and 2～3 times potassium dihydrogen phosphates of foliage-spray or polynary nutrient foliage fertilizer, concentration is 800～1200 times;C. cut bar and pass the winter, refer to, by the end of November to December, with mower or reaping hook, Yunnan rough gentian terrestrial stem stalk is cut off at place at 4～5cm overhead.
- 5. the method for claim 1, wherein in step (4),A. field management, refers to, summer, 2～3 times potassium dihydrogen phosphates of foliage-spray in autumn or polynary nutrient foliage fertilizer, and concentration is 800～1200 times;B. Yunnan rough gentian is gathered, and refers to January in December to next year, gather in time Yunnan rough gentian seed and medicinal material.
- 6. method as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step (4), described Yunnan rough gentian is excavated rhizome and is dried method and be, and rhizome dries in the air and with hand rubbing, rubs epidermis and earth when half-dried, after shaping, dries.
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