CN103404377B - Fast-growing quercus robur nursery stock cultivating technology - Google Patents
Fast-growing quercus robur nursery stock cultivating technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN103404377B CN103404377B CN201310287129.0A CN201310287129A CN103404377B CN 103404377 B CN103404377 B CN 103404377B CN 201310287129 A CN201310287129 A CN 201310287129A CN 103404377 B CN103404377 B CN 103404377B
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Abstract
The invention provides a fast-growing quercus robur nursery stock cultivating technology. The large variation character of a quercus robur seedling is utilized, and a cultivated quercus robur grafted seedling can keep the good fast-growing character of a superior quercus robur seedling by the adoption of the forest grafting technology. The method solves the problem that ordinary quercus robur tree seeds grow slowly at the juvenile stage, meanwhile, good characters that quercus robur is cold resistant, strong in drought tolerance, straight in tree trunk, attractive in crown, hard in materials and the like are kept, and the method plays a positive and promoting role in utilizing the resources of the quercus robur in Sinkiang.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to breeding of nursery stock, be particularly useful for breeding of summer rubber stock nursery stock, its technology effect is splendid.
Background technology
Summer rubber (Quercus robur L.) original name summer oak, is that Fagaceae (Fagaceae) oak belongs to the deciduous tree of (QuercusL.), and the height of tree can reach 40m.At present, the kind of oak has kind more than 250 in the world, concerning grape industry, the most frequently used the most popular have 3: Lu floats rubber, summer rubber and white oak, and famous claret Hennessy, Martell, apoleon, Remy Martin etc. are all to use oak barrel during aging to form in the world.Oak itself, containing " tannic acid ", can be urged wine maturation fast, makes wine become sweet-smelling in the short time, more approaches amber Bose, the original Europe of summer rubber.Because summer Oak Tree height is large, timber is hard, and proportion is larger, is described as the iron and steel in timber, is the special type material of wine-making industry, needs 150 years above age of trees for the manufacture of the Oak Tree of oak barrel.Summer rubber cold-resistant, drought resistance is strong, at average annual temperature more than 5.9 DEG C, more than annual precipitation 200mm, 120 days frost-free seasons, above area all can normal growth; But the summer, rubber belonged to poor growth type seeds, especially young age grade section poor growth, the year increment of one year seedling is only 12cm to 30cm, within 5 years, raw seedling can reach 1 meter to 1.5 meters, plants and just starts tachyauxesis after 12 years.Although so summer rubber material is fine, because its growth is very slow, extensive use is also very short of.
Literature search information: the 1. Chinese Plants will (22 volume) [M] such as Chen Huan a large bell, Beijing, Science Press, 1998:239. is Yang Chang friend 2.. Xinjiang flora (first volume) [M], Urumchi, Xinjiang science and technology health publishing house, 1992:212. 3. history levies, Zhou Hongwei, Guo Li. good ornamental trees and shrubs-Xia rubber biological property and culture technique [J], forestry practical technique, 2005, 1, 39-40. all has summer rubber landscape ecology and wine industry to apply the report that learns, about the fast-growing summer, screening and the stump method of rubber stock seeds are cultivated healthy and strong rootstock seedling, filter out the excellent strain of fast-growing summer rubber that juvenile stage growth rate reaches 105cm every year, employing medulla formation laminating connection (rendezvous method) graft technology carries out the technology such as the grafting cultivation of fast-growing summer rubber and reports very few.
The present invention has utilized the summer rubber seedling large characteristic that makes a variation, breed and select excellent test through long-term seedling, filter out the fast-growing summer rubber elite plant of fast-growing type, the high growth rate of its juvenile stage annual is more than 3 times of the high growth rate of general summer Oak Tree kind juvenile stage annual, by forest graft technology, solve the poky problem of summer Oak Tree kind juvenile stage, kept summer rubber cold-resistant simultaneously, drought resistance is strong, trunk is perfectly straight, crown grace, the hard good characteristic that waits of material, the development of the construction to Xinjiang summer rubber commerical tree species and Xinjiang wine brewing industry has certain application in practice and is worth and impetus.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: 1～3 year raw summer rubber seedling is carried out to stump processing, the seedling that Second Year was processed with stump is made stock, in the excellent strain of fast-growing summer rubber, gather scion, utilize medulla to form laminating connection and carry out grafting, cultivate fast-growing summer rubber grafting nursery stock.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of fast-growing summer rubber seedling-wood breeding technology, implement step by step:
Step 1 summer rubber stock is cultivated:
Whole ground: apply well-rotted farmyard manure 2000-3000kg/ mu autumn, plough deeply ground 25-30cm, remove foreign material, air dry; Before sowing, manually plough deeply ground 15-20cm, thin rake, the bedding of whole ground, the long 10-15m of furrow, wide 3-3.5m;
Summer rubber seedling is bred:
1. collect seed: during the annual Mid-autumn Festival, after early frost, gather the summer rubber seed of the excellent strain of summer rubber stock for the first time;
2. sowing: summer rubber seed is with adopting with broadcasting, and the time is before and after the Mid-autumn Festival, the program request of ditching, line-spacing 28-43cm, spacing in the rows 10cm, ditch depth 5cm, seeding quantity 155-165kg/ mu, the thick 5cm of the complete earthing of program request, slightly suppression;
3. nursery stock management: reach 80% at emergence rate, water the first water, it is 7-8 time that year is watered the water yield, loosens the soil 3-4 time in conjunction with weeding, and the foliage fertilizer that spraying concentration is 3% during 10-July 15 June, sprays once, to promote seedling growth for every 15～20 days;
Stump: in the winter time or early spring, the summer rubber seedling raw to 2-3 pastes land for building stump, for subsequent use in the time retransmitting trunk height and reach 50-60cm;
The scion collection of step 2 fast-growing summer rubber and grafting:
Gather: summer rubber scion collection is annual 29-April 2 March, should, with shrub and hedge trimmer or averruncator, must stay in clip bottom 1-2 bud to adopt bar on top; Clip is smooth, bailing, and every 10 a bundles, adopt and are placed in hole, cover snow above, by superficial compaction, to ensure the fresh and not dehydration of scion:
Grafting: select the summer rubber seedling of stump Second Year, carry out grafting in 18-22 day in April; Select developmental branch and the water sprout of the long 20-30cm of scion, the thick 0.9-1.2cm in footpath to implement grafting;
Its 1 stock processing: in the time that the summer, the rubber stock diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground reached 0.8-1.2cm, pluck all blades of grafting part, apart from ground, 50～60cm place removes tangent plane after a while, tangent plane exposes medulla and forms layer, the part that stock cross section cuts away does not exceed half, tangent plane is level and smooth, makes stock otch close with scion otch diameter;
Its 2 scion: select medulla less, containing the summer rubber scion of a full bud, cut to expose medulla corresponding with stock forms layer; By involutory to scion otch and stock otch, scion and stock are close to, establish support and fix, carry out spiral colligation at the 5cm place of lower cut with plastic strip, one to withhold a button, reveal seam, relax one's efforts, twine scion leaf inserted part always, add to twine and make a big shield after two circles and buckle;
Its 3 releasing colligation: on 27-August 3 July, remove former lashings, the side shoot of sheared-off part over growth after grafting;
Management after the grafting of step 3 fast-growing summer rubber:
Its 1 clear anvil bud picking: in the time that scion is not also taken out the tip. the kryptoblast on stock is erased in time, protect positive nutrient, moisture and survival rate;
Its 2 intertill and clean tillage: on 15-June 10 May, loosen the soil 3-4 time in conjunction with weeding, to reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect;
The 15-4 month in April 20 of its 3 grafting Second Year, grafting is transplanted to field planting.
Technique effect of the present invention: utilized the summer rubber seedling large characteristic that makes a variation, bred and select excellent test through long-term seedling, filtered out the excellent strain of fast-growing summer rubber of fast-growing type; The high growth rate of its juvenile stage annual (105cm) is more than 3 times of the general summer high growth rate of Oak Tree kind juvenile stage annual (30cm).By forest graft technology, the summer rubber grafting cultivating can keep the good characteristic of the excellent strain fast-growing of summer rubber, this method has solved the poky problem of general summer Oak Tree kind juvenile stage (1～12 year), kept simultaneously the summer rubber cold-resistant, drought resistance is strong, the good characteristic such as perfectly straight, the crown grace of trunk, material are hard, to the Xinjiang summer, the effect of actively promoting has been played in the utilization of rubber resource, shows technological progress.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, invention is described further.
Embodiment
The cultivating seedlings of step 1 summer rubber stock adopts seedling stump method.
1) wholely: apply well-rotted farmyard manure 2000 or 3000kg/ mu autumn, plough deeply ground 30cm, remove foreign material, air dry; Before sowing, manually plough deeply ground 20cm, thin rake, the bedding of whole ground, the long 15m of furrow, wide 3.5m.
2) seedling is bred:
1. collect seed: 7 days seed maturity seasons before and after the annual Mid-autumn Festival, for the first time after early frost, selection form is perfectly straight, (forest-science academy's arboretum filters out and preserve the good stock elite stand of a strain of plantation to the good elite stand of robust growth, high 40 meters of its sprouting periods are than general summer Zao about 15 days of rubber) gather seed, generally collect seed and cultivate stock acceptance rate and can reach 30% from select tree, other in summer Oak Tree be 3%, ripe acorn is brown color or yellowish-brown, crust is hard smooth and glossy, does not ftracture;
2. sowing: the summer seed of rubber only has resting stage of fortnight, can be with adopting with broadcasting before and after annual season in the mid-autumn, and seed does not need Sand culture; When sowing, according to the program request of line-spacing 40cm trench digging, every mu of sowing quantity 160kg left and right, sows ditch depth 5cm, spacing in the rows 10cm, the thick 5cm of earthing, slightly suppression;
3. nursery stock management: can water once wait emerging 80% time, water for a year 7 times, loosen the soil 4 times in conjunction with weeding, the foliage fertilizer that spraying concentration is 3% during June-July, sprays once, to promote seedling growth for every 15～20 days.
3) stump: in early spring or winter last year of melting, the summer rubber seedling raw to 2-3 pastes ground stump, and the trunk again sending then can grow to 60cm, the general annual height of seedling 25cm that grows directly from seeds of summer rubber, growth fraction is slower.
Step 2 scion collection: Wulumuqi Area scion gathered in 29-April 2 March in annual early spring, adopts and is placed in hole, covers snow, and compacting is fresh to ensure scion, not dehydration;
Wherein scion quality: developmental branch and the water sprout of the long 25cm of scion that grafting is used, thick 1.2cm, scion should be shoot then, and degree of lignification is better, and sprout grows substantial branch, and spray newly slightly should not be done scion.
Wherein gather and should, with shrub and hedge trimmer or averruncator, must stay in clip bottom 2 buds top branch could be cut off; Clip will be put down, and has not allowed angle or splitting branch, according to fringe bar length, thickness bailing respectively, and every 10 a bundles, and indicate elite stand, fringe bar rugosity and acquisition time.
Step 3 grafting method: adopt medulla to form laminating connection, the medulla of this method scion and this formation of anvil layer contact-making surface are larger, and easily combine closely, the whole tangent plane of stock nearly all has meristematic tissue (forming layer), the medullary ray cell of scion and the parenchyma cell of marrow also work in healing, thereby accelerated the healing of scion and stock, improve survival rate.
1) grafting time: about the April 22 for Second Year after seedling stump, at this moment stock resin has started to flow, in the time that the stock diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground reaches 1cm, can start grafting.
2) stock processing: pluck all blades at stock grafting position, overhead 60cm place goes slightly, exposes medulla and forms layer, and the part that stock cross section cuts away does not exceed half, and tangent plane must be level and smooth, and stock otch is close with scion otch diameter.
3) select scion: select to have the scion of 1 full bud, medulla is less, the scion of do not germinate, do not have dehydration, not going mouldy, cut corresponding with stock exposed medulla formation layer.
4) colligation: the scion otch of having cut and stock otch left and right are aligned, scion and stock are close to, if support draw tie up fixing, start to carry out spiral colligation from about 5cm below lower cut with plastic strip, one to withhold a button, reveal seam, relax one's efforts, want tighten, twine scion leaf inserted part always, twine two circles adding, make the button of sculling.
5) after grafting to 27-August 3 July, remove former lashings, simultaneously the side shoot of sheared-off part over growth.
Management after step 4 grafting:
1) clear anvil bud picking: so because stock top branch all takes down. and the tip is not also taken out in scion. the kryptoblast on stock is easy to extract out, as erased not in time, can consume nutrient, moisture, affect graft survival rate and growth rate, thus to the bud on stock must accomplish to smear early, smear little, wipe clear.
2) intertill and clean tillage: between the 5-6 month, loosen the soil 4 times in conjunction with weeding, provide better growing conditions to nursery stock, reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect simultaneously.
3) prevent windburn: due to the also not healing completely of grafting wound, must prevent windburn, binding stand in time after grafting, fixes scion, prevents windburn.
4) on 15-April 20 April of Second Year after grafting, grafting is transplanted to field planting.
The checking of step 5 breeding effect:
Graft survival rate reaches 100%, and interface healing is good, sprouts the time early, than general summer rubber sprouted time advance about 15 days, year high amount of growth average out to 100cm.Rubber grafting more than 100 strains of fast-growing summer have been cultivated in peaceful canal seedling-wood breeding base, Xinjiang, heal, well-grown, and trunk is perfectly straight, without freeze injury and damage by disease and insect.Xinjiang forest-science academy arboretum has been introduced the 5 years raw fast-growing summer rubber grafting trees of 5 strain of planting, height of tree 5.5m, tree-walk 5cm at present.
Claims (1)
- The fast-growing summer rubber nursery stock a propagation method, it is characterized in that: step by step implement:Step 1 summer rubber stock is cultivated:Whole ground: apply well-rotted farmyard manure 2000-3000kg/ mu autumn, plough deeply ground 25-30cm, remove foreign material, airing; Before sowing, manually plough deeply ground 15-20cm, thin rake, the bedding of whole ground, the long 10-15m of furrow, wide 3-3.5m;Summer rubber seedling is bred:1. collect seed: during the annual Mid-autumn Festival, after early frost, gather the summer rubber seed of the excellent strain of summer rubber stock for the first time;2. sowing: summer rubber seed is with adopting with broadcasting, and the time is before and after the Mid-autumn Festival, the program request of ditching, line-spacing 28-43cm, spacing in the rows 10cm, ditch depth 5cm, seeding quantity 155-165kg/ mu, the thick 5cm of the complete earthing of program request, slightly suppression;3. nursery stock management: reach 80% at emergence rate, water the first water, it is 7-8 time that year is watered the water yield, loosens the soil 3-4 time in conjunction with weeding, and the foliage fertilizer that spraying concentration is 3% during 10-July 15 June, sprays once, to promote seedling growth for every 15～20 days;Stump: in the winter time or early spring, the summer rubber seedling raw to 2-3 pastes land for building stump, for subsequent use in the time retransmitting trunk height and reach 50-60cm;The scion collection of step 2 fast-growing summer rubber and grafting:Gather: summer rubber scion collection is annual 29-April 2 March, with shrub and hedge trimmer or averruncator, must stay in clip bottom 1-2 bud to adopt bar on top; Clip is smooth, bailing, and every 10 a bundles, adopt and are placed in hole, cover snow above, by superficial compaction, to ensure the fresh and not dehydration of scion:Grafting: select the summer rubber seedling of stump Second Year, carry out grafting in 18-22 day in April; Select developmental branch and the water sprout of the long 20-30cm of scion, the thick 0.9-1.2cm in footpath to implement grafting;Its 1 stock processing: in the time that the summer, the rubber stock diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground reached 0.8-1.2cm, pluck all blades of grafting part, apart from ground, 50～60cm place removes tangent plane after a while, tangent plane exposes medulla and forms layer, the part that stock cross section cuts away does not exceed half, tangent plane is level and smooth, makes stock otch close with scion otch diameter;Its 2 scion: select medulla less, containing the summer rubber scion of a full bud, cut to expose medulla corresponding with stock forms layer; By involutory to scion otch and stock otch, scion and stock are close to, establish support and fix, carry out spiral colligation at the 5cm place of lower cut with plastic strip, one to withhold a button, reveal seam, relax one's efforts, twine scion leaf inserted part always, add to twine and make a big shield after two circles and buckle;Its 3 releasing colligation: the 27-8 month in July 3 after grafting, remove former lashings, the side shoot of sheared-off part over growth;Management after the grafting of step 3 fast-growing summer rubber:Its 1 clear anvil bud picking: in the time that scion is not also taken out the tip. the kryptoblast on stock is erased in time, protect positive nutrient, moisture and survival rate;Its 2 intertill and clean tillage: on 15-June 10 May, loosen the soil 3-4 time in conjunction with weeding, to reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect;The 15-4 month in April 20 of its 3 grafting Second Year, grafting is transplanted to field planting.
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104396534B (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2016-08-17 | 新疆林业科学院 | Promote the method for cultivating seedlings of children's summer in age rubber fast-growing |
| CN104620869B (en) * | 2015-02-14 | 2017-05-31 | 陈福志 | A kind of breeding method of colorful white oak |
| CN105594534A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-05-25 | 新疆林业科学院 | Method for facilitating straight growth of annual young nursery stock of quercus robur L. |
| CN107211809A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-29 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | American oaks propagation by grafiting method |
| CN108718747A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-02 | 郴州市林业科学研究所 | North America Oak Tree method for culturing seedlings |
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