CN102577842B - Grafting and breeding method for tea tree root stock - Google Patents
Grafting and breeding method for tea tree root stock Download PDFInfo
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- CN102577842B CN102577842B CN 201210048726 CN201210048726A CN102577842B CN 102577842 B CN102577842 B CN 102577842B CN 201210048726 CN201210048726 CN 201210048726 CN 201210048726 A CN201210048726 A CN 201210048726A CN 102577842 B CN102577842 B CN 102577842B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grafting and breeding method for a tea tree root stock. The method comprises the steps of: taking roots of seeding obtained from sowing tea seeds as the stock, taking annual half-lignifying or lignifying branches of tea tree fine breeds, cutting the branches into short spikes, grafting the short spikes with the stock, closely wrapping an grafting interface with aluminium foil adhesive tapes, planting the grafted branches in a seeding nursery, and conducting following management in a way similar to that of the conventional cottage and breeding method. The survival rate of the grafted seeding reaches more than 90%, and large-scale breeding can be performed. By adopting the grafting and breeding method for the tea tree root stock, the disadvantages that the short spike cuttage seeding has no main root, the tea seeding has poor drought and cold resistance, and the requirement on the planting soil condition is high are overcome, a great deal of sprout removing work during breeding management, resulting from germination and growth of root adventitious buds of root caps, is avoided, and the purity of the seeding is guaranteed; in addition, the aluminium foil adhesive tapes are adopted for colligation and wrapping, so that the survival rate of the grafted seeding is increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of gardening, be specifically related to a kind of tea root stock grafting and breeding method.
Background technology
The clone tea shoot can keep the kind of improved tea variety preferably, and biological character and economic characters are comparatively stable.Management and mechanization operation are convenient in clone breeding tea place; Bright leaf growth is comparatively well-balanced neat, and suitable machine is adopted, and is beneficial to the raising tea-making quality.From the nineties in 20th century, China begins to pay attention to and encourage growth clone breeding tea place, and up to the present, clone breeding tea place accounts for about 40% of the national tea place gross area, and tea place clone improved variety is still shouldered heavy responsibilities.
The clone improved tea variety is normally taked vegetative propagation approach breeding nursery stocks such as single node cutting, elite stand press strip, the grafting of tree anvil, group training.The elite stand press strip cycle is long, and efficient is low.Tree anvil grafting is suitable for replanting of old tea place and changes and plant, but working strength is big, and work efficiency is low, the follow-up management difficulty.The group training is higher to breeding condition and specification requirement.Single node cutting is easy and simple to handle, and specification requirement is not high, and can breed a large amount of nursery stocks in the short time, and therefore, single node cutting is the main mode that the present clone improved tea variety of China is bred, and also is that the world respectively produces the main means that tea state clone improved tea variety is bred.Yet single node cutting exists obvious deficiency, and main cause is: the single node cutting seedling is the system of fibrous root, and root system is more shallow, and seedling stage stress resistance, particularly drought resistance are relatively poor, and transplanting survival rate is on the low side; If the tea place clay fertilizer is in poor shape, the easy early ageing of tea tree, economic life shortens; And the hillside fields, deserted mountain is mostly built in the tea place in, and the clay fertilizer condition is relatively poor relatively, so the class tea place is not suitable for using the single node cutting seedling.In recent years, the bud stock grafting mating system adopts more in camellia seedling, its method is that to sow the root cap of tea seed seedling (reservation cotyledon) be stock, and gives birth to the short fringe grafting that semi-lignified or lignification oil tea elite stand branch are cut into then, and the survival rate of grafting can reach more than 70%.Facts have proved that the shortcoming that existing bud stock grafting mating system exists is: because root cap indefinite bud sprouting ability is strong, the shoot growth that indefinite bud is sprouted is rapid, if untimely except sprouting, the young sprout of sprouting can be fought for moisture and the nutrient of scion, causes scion withered.Therefore, existing bud stock grafting mating system, it is follow-up big except sprouting workload, also is mixed with the seedling of some in the seedling, and the purity of seed is not high.Tea tree clone breeding adopts the bud stock grafting mating system, and workload is big except sprouting, seed purity is difficult to problems such as assurance after occurring grafting equally.
Development clone breeding tea place a large amount of clone breeding tea shoots need be arranged, and all there is some weak point in the existing clone improved tea variety mode of breeding, thereby is restricting breeding and the popularization progress of clone improved tea variety.The predicament that clone stock breeding is for a change promoted presses for new clone improved tea variety and breeds mode.
Summary of the invention
Very breed the deficiency of mode at existing clone tea tree; the invention provides a kind of tea root stock grafting and breeding method; namely with the root of sowing tea seed seedling, main root diameter〉0.25cm is stock, gives birth to the short fringe grafting that semi-lignified or lignification branch are cut into then with improved tea variety; grafting place aluminum foil and adhesive tape colligation; wrap up tightly, plant in the seedbed, follow-up management is as the normal cutting propagation seedling-cultivating method; the survival rate of grafting reaches more than 90%, and can carry out scale breeding.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
The tea root stock grafting and breeding method, it is characterized in that: comprise the preparation of grafting apparatus, the cultivation of root anvil, scion collection, cut fringe, cut fringe, cut root anvil grafting mouth, scion, colligation, the step of building the seedbed, planting, root with the tea shoot that grows directly from seeds is stock, give birth to the short fringe grafting that semi-lignified or lignification branch are cut into then with the breeding tea tree, grafting place aluminum foil and adhesive tape colligation is wrapped up tightly, plants in the seedbed, follow-up management is as the normal cutting propagation seedling-cultivating method, and the survival rate of grafting reaches more than 90%.
Described tea root stock grafting and breeding method is characterized in that: described anvil cultivated to selecting tea tree seed full more than the diameter 1.0cm, the Na with 2.5% for use
2CO
3Solution soaks 24h; Then seed is sowed equably on the seedbed that is lined with thick 12cm sand, every square metre of seeding quantity is 3-4kg, covers the thick sand of 4-5cm again, waters permeablely, uses plastic mulching, treats that tea shoot grows to the high lifting of 3-4cm, uses for grafting.
Described tea root stock grafting and breeding method is characterized in that: described to adopt fringe, cut fringe and cut fringe be to get semi-lignified disease-free on the improved tea variety elite stand or lignification branch, with adopting with usefulness; Keep full axillary-bud or top-bud and the lateral lobe of scion, cut off at the 2.8-3.5cm place under bud top 0.1-0.2cm, bud, is cut into the long short fringe of 3-4cm and does scion; With sharp sloyd knife, cutter under 1.5-2.0cm place, the bottom of bud both sides is whittled into two relative inclined-planes, and the long 1-1.2cm in inclined-plane, the short fringe of cutting are placed in the clear water basin or on the wet cloth.
Described tea root stock grafting and breeding method, it is characterized in that: the described root anvil interface of cutting cuts off apart from cotyledon 1-2cm place in the main root upper end for rounding the strain tea shoot that grows directly from seeds, and reservation the latter half is made the root anvil, make root anvil interface, degree of depth 1-1.2cm in incision along the vertical partial application of axis again; The control of root anvil length is removed long part below 12cm.
Described tea root stock grafting and breeding method is characterized in that: described scion and colligation are alignd with the formation layer of root anvil otch for the formation layer with the scion bevel; The aluminum foil and adhesive tape that colligation is used is cut into the rectangular of long 5cm, wide 2cm, is fastened in grafting place, and the sealing of grafting mouth is tight.
Described tea root stock grafting and breeding method is characterized in that: described build the seedbed and plant that physical features is smooth, the water source is near in order to select, leeward on the sunny side, soil layer plot deep, fertile soil does the seedbed; Plough, ditch, do the seedbed and the management as cuttage and seedling culture method, the transplanted seedling tree that grafting is good to the seedbed, seeding row spacing 4cm * 8cm, water permeablely, cover with the bow canopy, shelter from heat or light and preserve moisture, obscurity control is follow-uply watered, management such as fertilising and weeding about 75% in good time.
The present invention's innovation part and advantage thereof compared with prior art:
1, tea root anvil grafting seedlings-growing method, having overcome tea tree single node cutting seedling does not have main root, and tea shoot drought resisting, cold resistance are poor, to the clay fertilizer conditional request height of planting; And the grafting of old tea place replants that to change the labour intensity of planting big, defective such as the grafting work efficiency is low, and management difficulty is big.
2, do stock with the tea shoot root that grows directly from seeds of removing root cap, avoided causing a large amount of the removing in the seedling management to sprout work because of the germination and growth of root cap indefinite bud, guaranteed the purity of seed.
3, use the aluminum foil and adhesive tape colligation, do not hinder grafting, can be with grafting mouth complete closed, moisture retention is good, avoids microbial infection, and the interface healing is fast, can improve the survival rate of grafting.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is tea root stock grafting and breeding method flow chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment:The tea root stock grafting and breeding method, be stock with the root of the tea shoot that grows directly from seeds (main root diameter〉0.25cm), give birth to short fringe (a bud band blade) grafting that semi-lignified or lignification branch are cut into then with improved tea variety, grafting place is tight with the aluminum foil and adhesive tape parcel, plant in the seedbed, follow-up management is as the normal cutting propagation seedling-cultivating method.Mainly comprise the preparation of grafting apparatus, the cultivation of root anvil, scion collection, cut fringe, cut fringe, cut root anvil grafting mouth, scion, wrap up, build the seedbed, step such as plant.
1, the apparatus of grafting apparatus preparation comprises tables and chairs, scissors, sloyd knife, aluminum foil and adhesive tape, plank, wet cloth, plastic basin, hoe, dustpan, bamboo chip, plastic film, sunshade net.
2, the root anvil is cultivated
(1) the tea seed is gathered: late September can gather when tea fruit cracking or kind skin browning black to early October.The tea fruit of gathering back is placed on the indoor of ventilation dries in the shade, behind the tea fruit season crack, take out seed, air-dry collection;
(2) anvil is educated in sowing: the 2-3 month in next year, select the above full tea tree seed of diameter 1.0cm for use, and before the seeding and seedling raising, the Na with 2.5%
2CO
3Solution soaks 24h; Then seed is sowed equably on the seedbed that is lined with thick about 12cm sand, every square metre of seeding quantity is 3-4kg, covers the thick sand of 4-5cm again, waters permeablely, uses plastic mulching, treats that tea shoot grows to the high lifting of 3-4cm, uses for grafting.
3, grafting
(1) grafting time: be all the grafting optimum period 8-11 month, grafting is carried out at indoor or shady and cool place;
(2) adopt fringe, cut fringe and cut fringe: get the disease-free semi-lignified of improved tea variety elite stand or lignified branch, with adopting with usefulness; Keep full axillalry bud (or terminal bud) and the lateral lobe of scion, cut off at the 2.8-3.5cm place under bud top 0.1-0.2cm, bud, is cut into the long short fringe of 3-4cm and does scion; With sharp sloyd knife, cutter under 1.5-2.0cm place, the bottom of bud both sides is whittled into two relative inclined-planes, and the long 1-1.2cm in inclined-plane, the short fringe of cutting are placed in the clear water basin or on the wet cloth;
(3) cut root anvil interface: round the strain tea shoot that grows directly from seeds, cut off apart from cotyledon 1-2cm place in the main root upper end, keep the latter half and make the root anvil, indulge partial application in incision along axis again and make root anvil interface, degree of depth 1-1.2cm; The control of root anvil length is removed long part below 12cm.
(4) scion and wrapping: with the formation layer of scion bevel align with the formation layer of root anvil otch (Yi Bian aliging at least); The aluminum foil and adhesive tape of wrapping usefulness is cut into and is about the rectangular of 5cm, wide about 2cm, is fastened in grafting place, and the sealing of grafting mouth is tight.Grafting should in time be planted.
4, build seedbed and planting select that physical features is smooth, the water source is near, leeward on the sunny side, soil layer plot deep, fertile soil does the seedbed; Plough, ditch, do the seedbed and the management as cuttage and seedling culture method, the transplanted seedling tree that grafting is good to the seedbed, seeding row spacing 4cm * 8cm, water permeablely, shelf is done with bamboo chip in the seedbed, plastic covering mulch film and sunshade net, shelter from heat or light and preserve moisture, obscurity is controlled about 75%.
5, the growing way that back management often observes grafting of planting is watered, management such as fertilising and weeding in good time.
Claims (1)
1. tea root stock grafting and breeding method, it is characterized in that: comprise the preparation of grafting apparatus, the cultivation of root anvil, scion collection, cut fringe, cut fringe, cut root anvil grafting mouth, scion, colligation, the step of building the seedbed, planting, root with the tea shoot that grows directly from seeds is stock, give birth to the short fringe grafting that semi-lignified or lignification branch are cut into then with the breeding tea tree, grafting place aluminum foil and adhesive tape colligation is wrapped up tightly, plants in the seedbed, follow-up management is as the normal cutting propagation seedling-cultivating method, and the survival rate of grafting reaches more than 90%;
Described anvil cultivated to selecting tea tree seed full more than the diameter 1.0cm, the Na with 2.5% for use
2CO
3Solution soaks 24h; Then seed is sowed equably on the seedbed that is lined with thick 12cm sand, every square metre of seeding quantity is 3-4kg, covers the thick sand of 4-5cm again, waters permeablely, uses plastic mulching, treats that tea shoot grows to the high lifting of 3-4cm, uses for grafting;
Described to adopt fringe, cut fringe and cut fringe be to get semi-lignified disease-free on the improved tea variety elite stand or lignification branch, with adopting with usefulness; Keep full axillary-bud or top-bud and the lateral lobe of scion, cut off at the 2.8-3.5cm place under bud top 0.1-0.2cm, bud, is cut into the long short fringe of 3-4cm and does scion; With sharp sloyd knife, cutter under 1.5-2.0cm place, the bottom of bud both sides is whittled into two relative inclined-planes, and the long 1-1.2cm in inclined-plane, the short fringe of cutting are placed in the clear water basin or on the wet cloth;
The described root anvil interface of cutting cuts off apart from cotyledon 1-2cm place in the main root upper end for rounding the strain tea shoot that grows directly from seeds, and keeps the latter half and makes the root anvil, indulges partial application in incision along axis again and makes root anvil interface, degree of depth 1-1.2cm; The control of root anvil length is removed long part below 12cm;
Described scion and colligation are alignd with the formation layer of root anvil otch for the formation layer with the scion bevel; The aluminum foil and adhesive tape that colligation is used is cut into the rectangular of long 5cm, wide 2cm, is fastened in grafting place, and the sealing of grafting mouth is tight;
Described build the seedbed and plant that physical features is smooth, the water source is near in order to select, leeward on the sunny side, soil layer plot deep, fertile soil does the seedbed; Plough, ditch, do the seedbed and the management as cuttage and seedling culture method, the transplanted seedling tree that grafting is good to the seedbed, seeding row spacing 4cm * 8cm, water permeablely, cover with the bow canopy, shelter from heat or light and preserve moisture, obscurity control is 75%, follow-uply waters, fertilising and weeding management in good time.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102845238A (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2013-01-02 | 广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Yingde black tea No 9 bud-stock grafting propagation method |
| CN103250572B (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2014-07-16 | 潮安县凤凰南馥茶叶有限公司 | Method for breeding high-yield fast-growing seedlings of high-odor phoenix single-clump tea |
| CN103262756A (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2013-08-28 | 句容市张庙茶场 | Tea tree grafting seed changing method |
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| CN103548517B (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2016-03-02 | 普定县瑞鸿生产力促进有限责任公司 | A kind of organic tree plant single-node cutting seed-raising method |
| CN104429629A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-03-25 | 湖北万川农业开发有限公司 | Grafting method for improving old wild tea tree |
| CN104920083B (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2017-07-28 | 安徽省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | A kind of tea tree root reverse graft method |
| CN105638371B (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2019-01-18 | 信阳农林学院 | A kind of green propagation method of Gu tea tree |
| CN106538251A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-03-29 | 广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | It is a kind of reduce large leaf Camellia sinensis wither bud disease fast seedling-cultivating method |
| CN110547108B (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2021-12-03 | 贵州黔西南喀斯特区域发展研究院 | Method for reducing germination amount of camellia oleifera grafting rootstock |
| CN111771598B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2022-04-22 | 安徽省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Method for collecting tea tree local germplasm resources in dot mode and building nursery |
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