CN110547108B - Method for reducing germination amount of camellia oleifera grafting rootstock - Google Patents
Method for reducing germination amount of camellia oleifera grafting rootstock Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of camellia oleifera seedling culture, in particular to a method for reducing the germination amount of camellia oleifera grafting stocks, which selects cultivated thick-shell erythroma fruit tea root stocks and camellia oleifera to graft 15-25 days before the camellia oleifera buds sprout, reduces the camellia oleifera grafting seedling culture cost and reduces the workload of sprout removal and bud picking, and the key points are selection, cultivation and trimming of the stocks, thereby realizing the technology of adopting common camellia oleifera seedling grafting culture, effectively improving the grafting survival rate of the camellia oleifera seedlings, and realizing the technology of planting the common camellia oleifera seedlings in karst mountain areas, wherein the camellia oleifera grafting survival rate can reach more than 93%; in addition, the camellia oleifera planted by the method has the characteristics of high yield, high quality and less pest and disease damage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of camellia oleifera seedling culture, in particular to a method for reducing germination quantity of camellia oleifera grafting stocks.
Background
Camellia oleifera (Camellia oleifera Abel) is native to China, is a plant of the genus Camellia of the family Theaceae, and is produced in more than 1100 counties and cities in 17 provinces such as Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Guangdong and GuizhouThe distribution of the oil tea is realized, and the planting area is about 400 kilohm2. The oil extracted from the camellia oleifera fruits is a special product in China, has high nutritional value and health care function, is excellent in oil quality, contains more vitamin E, vitamin D, vitamin K, carotene and the like, has obvious effects of reducing cholesterol and resisting cancer by using tea polyphenol and camellin in the tea oil, is health care nutritional oil beneficial to the cardiovascular health of a human body, and therefore has economic significance for planting the camellia oleifera.
The camellia oleifera is a unique woody edible oil tree species in China, is also a great dominant resource for forestry construction, has a long operating history and a good production basis in vast hilly and mountain lands in south China, and plays an important role in balancing the yield of edible plant oil in China. Chinese patent publication No. CN104920082A, published on 2015, 09 and 23, discloses a method for grafting camellia oleifera, relating to the technical field of planting; selecting a stock, selecting a graft, breaking the stock, cutting a fracture, selecting a bark, drawing a notch, inserting the graft, binding a connector, coating poison juice and the like; chinese patent publication No. CN104255309A, published on 2015, 01-month 07, discloses a method for grafting camellia oleifera bud seedlings, comprising the following operation steps: cultivating the rootstock; selecting a nursery land; preparing soil and making a bed; erecting a shed; preparing a grafting material: harvesting and storing the scions: selecting grafting time; the grafting method comprises the steps of rootstock starting, rootstock cutting, ear cutting, binding and planting; and (4) after grafting, managing the nursery garden, removing sprouts, weeding, spraying water and topdressing, uncovering the film cover and folding the shading shed until the nursery garden is out. By adopting the method, the grafting survival rate of the camellia oleifera seedlings can be effectively improved and can reach more than 93%, the supply of seedlings for planting camellia oleifera is guaranteed, the development of the camellia oleifera industry is promoted, but no technology for planting camellia oleifera in a karst region is realized at present, the camellia oleifera is an acid soil tree species and is suitable for the pH value of 4.5-6.0, the existing camellia oleifera cultivation regions are in acid soil mountain regions and are yellow acid soil cultivated on sandstone or sand shale, and the soil developed in the karst mountain regions is neutral or slightly alkaline.
Chinese patent publication No. CN107018844A, published 2017, 08.08.7, discloses a method for planting camellia in alkaline soil environment, which comprises spraying excrement on soil, improving the alkaline soil by humic acid generated during excrement fermentation, generating a large amount of biological enzymes and beneficial bacteria in the fermentation process, continuously propagating in the soil after being used as fertilizer to be put into the soil, gradually depositing on a soil plough layer and a deep alkali-containing layer of the saline-alkali soil, controlling the saline-alkali return, gradually changing the soil property of the saline-alkali soil, generating a large amount of organic matters in the metabolic process of the biological enzymes and the beneficial bacteria, wherein the organic matters are taken as nutrient substances and can be absorbed by the root system of the camellia, further ensuring the growth requirements of the camellia in different growth periods, and the soil property is changed in the growth process of the camellia, and a large amount of nutrient substances are gradually accumulated in the soil and absorbed by the camellia oleifera, so that the nutrient substances for growth of the camellia oleifera are met. However, the method for planting the camellia oleifera in the alkaline soil to cultivate high-quality camellia oleifera seedlings is usually grafting seedling, the bud removal and bud picking in the grafting seedling process are one of key links, labor and time are wasted, and a lot of manpower and material resources are required to be invested, so that the high-quality camellia oleifera seedlings are cultivated, the seedling raising cost is reduced, and the popularization and application of the camellia oleifera in karst mountainous areas have significance of environmental protection and economy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for reducing the germination quantity of a camellia oleifera grafting stock to solve the technical problems.
The method is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for reducing the germination amount of a camellia oleifera grafting stock selects cultivated thick-shell erythroma fruit tea root stocks and camellia oleifera, and grafts 15-25 days before camellia oleifera buds sprout, and comprises the following steps:
s1 row planting: after grafting the root stock of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea and the tea-oil tree, covering the tea-oil tree seedlings with wet cloth until the seedling quantity required by a seedbed is reached, then carrying out row planting, wherein the row spacing of the seedlings is 5 multiplied by 8cm, the upper part of a strapping tape cannot be covered by soil, immediately watering root fixing water after the seedbed surface is fully inserted, slowly watering, and the using quantity of the root fixing water is 200mL per plant;
s2 sealing the bed surface with an arch film, compacting with soil, watering and fixing;
s3, building a double-layer shade shed 2 meters high and two layers of shade nets, wherein the shade degree reaches 67-73%;
s4 sprout removal: a small amount of stock germination appears in the last ten days of 4 months, and the seedbed is well covered and sealed by an original arch film after the germination and the bud picking are removed;
s5 seedling hardening: in the last ten days of 5 months, according to the weather conditions, in rainy days or with the air humidity more than 85%, opening the arched films at two ends of the seedbed, removing all the arched films after 5 days, applying growth promoting fertilizer according to the amount of 45-49 kg/mu, applying ferrous sulfate containing water fertilizer according to the amount of 11-17 kg/mu if whitening occurs, and removing a layer of shading net after 15 days;
s6, finishing the seedling exercising 15 days after the completion of the step S5.
The growth promoting fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 4-5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1-3 parts of urea, 20-35 parts of wormcast, 2-5 parts of papermaking black liquor extract, 0.2-1 part of gibberellin, 1-5 parts of alkyl glycoside and 0.1-0.5 part of modified chitosan.
The modified chitosan is prepared by adding chitosan into water according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:20-25(g/L), adjusting the pH value to 4.5-5.5, then adding composite bacterial powder according to the bacterial powder adding amount of 5-7%, wherein the ratio of bacillus safensis freeze-dried powder, pseudomonas freeze-dried powder and fusarium oxysporum freeze-dried powder in the composite enzyme is 1: (11-15): (3-7) fermenting for 4-6h at the temperature of 25-35 ℃, degrading with hydrogen peroxide during fermentation, and adjusting the pH value of the fermentation hydrolysate to be neutral. The chitosan of the invention has excellent degradation performance, can degrade longer molecular chains and parts with higher polymerization degree firstly, and produces the chitosan with low relative molecular weight and narrow distribution.
The papermaking black liquor extract is prepared by placing papermaking black liquor into an ultrasonic instrument, adding an emulsifier with the mass of 0.45-0.75 per mill of the weight ratio of the papermaking black liquor, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 5-8min under the condition of ultrasonic power of 300-; adding 1-3g of potassium permanganate into 500ml of 200-one emulsion, and fully mixing; adding 2-4g of potassium nitrate into 50000ml of emulsion per 20000-plus-materials, heating to 60-90 ℃ in the stirring process, reacting for 30-90min, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to 2-3 by using an acidizing solution, and centrifuging for 30min at 3000-plus-5000 r/min; and standing, and then carrying out vacuum filtration to remove precipitated impurities to obtain the fulvic acid substance solution.
The emulsifier is cyclodextrin, sucrose fatty acid ester, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate and Arabic gum according to the mass ratio of 1: (0.08-0.13).
The gibberellin in the growth promoting fertilizer has synergistic effect after being matched with the papermaking black liquor extract, not only promotes the growth of crops, but also improves the disease resistance of plants, further prevents diseases and insect pests of tea-oil trees and thick-shell erythroma nectar, in addition, the papermaking black liquor extract is rich in fulvic acid, and the fulvic acid has stronger complexing, chelating and surface adsorption capacities, can reduce the loss of ammonium nitrogen, increase the moving distance of phosphorus in soil, inhibit the fixation of the soil on water-soluble phosphorus, convert ineffective phosphorus into effective phosphorus and promote the absorption of the root system on the phosphorus; the modified chitosan is added into a system, can promote plants to generate chitinase, can directly inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria after interacting with the pathogenic bacteria after being matched with alkyl glucoside, can also have better regulation and control effects on microbial communities in soil, and can be matched with the spatial structure of urea, so that the utilization rate of soil microorganisms on carbon sources and nitrogen sources and the abundance of microbial species are improved, and the stability of a soil microorganism ecosystem is enhanced.
The ferrous sulfate-containing water fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of shepherd's purse, 3-8 parts of ferrous sulfate, 30-50 parts of chicken manure, 2-6 parts of bamboo vinegar, 10-12 parts of plant ash, 10-15 parts of small molecule magnetized water and 120 parts of biogas liquid 100-mangle.
The preparation method of the ferrous sulfate-containing water fertilizer comprises the steps of cleaning shepherd's purse, cutting up the shepherd's purse, stirring the shepherd's purse and chicken manure, placing the shepherd's purse and the chicken manure together in a biogas liquid, hermetically stirring the shepherd's purse and the chicken manure for 20 to 30 minutes at the initial temperature of 20 to 32 ℃, stirring the shepherd's purse and the chicken manure at the stirring speed of 300 and 500 revolutions per minute, then adding bamboo vinegar and plant ash, hermetically standing the mixture for 3 to 7 days, and finally adding ferrous sulfate and micromolecule magnetized water and uniformly stirring the mixture.
According to the ferrous sulfate-containing water fertilizer, the chicken manure and the capsella bursa-pastoris are added into the biogas slurry to perform a catalytic action on the biogas slurry, so that harmful substances in the biogas slurry and the chicken manure are effectively degraded, a plurality of novel organic compounds, trace elements and active substances are generated, glucosinolates and indolylic acid are also generated, the propagation of most of germs in the plant growth process can be effectively inhibited, the albinism phenomenon can be effectively cured by matching the action of ferrous sulfate, the greenness is ensured, the absorption of effective components can be improved by combining magnetized water, and the migration effect of heavy metals in soil is improved.
Further preferably, the method for cultivating the root stock of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the rootstock: taking the root of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea as a stock;
(2) land preparation:
deeply ploughing soil, and picking up stones, weed roots and the like; turning over the soil once again before sowing, smashing and raking the soil grains, removing all weeds and grass roots, and simultaneously applying enough base fertilizer;
secondly, preparing a bed in the ground, wherein the height of the seedbed is 30-40cm, the width of the seedbed is 1-1.2m, and the width of the footpath is 38-42 cm;
(3) seed collection: the seeds of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea are ripe in 10 months and are sowed at any time;
(4) sowing: sowing seeds of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea in 10-12 months, wherein the distance between the seeds is controlled to be 3-4 cm; the seedlings are uniformly illuminated, well ventilated and convenient for intertillage, weeding and topdressing, wood chips with the thickness of 3.7-4.3cm are added after the soil is covered with the soil with the thickness of 2-3cm, and finally a shade shed is built, and the transmittance is controlled at 30%;
(5) nursery stock field management: the seedlings can be lifted after four periods of seedling emergence, seedling stage, fast growing stage and hardening stage, and the stock can be dug out for use after 1 year of cultivation;
(6) pruning of the rootstock: cutting the nursery stock from the intersection of the root and the stem, cutting the root into sections according to the length of 5cm, wherein the lower part of each section is provided with a fibrous root, and the upper part is used for grafting a scion.
The base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of banana peel extract, 15-25 parts of cow dung, 25-30 parts of pig dung, 15-25 parts of rhizobium fertilizer, 8-15 parts of sodium metasilicate, 3-6 parts of potassium phosphate, 5-8 parts of urea, 2-6 parts of ammonium humate and 5-11 parts of sodium phytate.
The preparation method of the base fertilizer comprises the steps of uniformly mixing banana peel extract, cow dung, pig dung, rhizobium fertilizer, sodium metasilicate, potassium phosphate, urea, ammonium humate and sodium phytate, placing the mixture in an ultrasonic instrument for ultrasonic treatment for 200-500s under the condition of 500-700W, then placing the mixture in a fermentation tank made of cement, covering the fermentation tank for sealed anaerobic fermentation for 20-30 days, and taking out all substances in the fermentation tank after the fermentation is finished.
The banana peel extracting solution is prepared by placing banana peel in 20-30% sodium chloride solution by mass percent, extracting for 30-45min under the microwave conditions of 70-80 ℃ and 300-400W power, then filtering by adopting a polycarbonate membrane with the aperture of 80nm, placing the precipitate in absolute ethyl alcohol containing hydroxypropyl cellulose for ultrasonic dispersion, and then mixing with the filtrate uniformly; the mass ratio of the sodium chloride solution to the banana peel is (15-25): 1.
The mass fraction of hydroxypropyl cellulose in the anhydrous ethanol containing hydroxypropyl cellulose is 0.3-0.5 ‰.
The banana peel extract is added into the base fertilizer, so that the base fertilizer is rich in antioxidant components, carotenoid and water-soluble cellulose, has the characteristics of resisting diseases and insect pests, promoting the blooming of the red flowers and stabilizing the biological community of the red flowers, has a slow-release effect by matching various components, and can ensure sufficient nutrition.
According to the invention, the characteristic that the fruit tea of the crocus sativus Linne adapts to drought environment for a long time is utilized, and the fruit tea is grafted with the tea-oil tree, so that the tea-oil tree adapts to the karst mountain land environment. The method is characterized in that camellia oleifera seedlings grafted by the root stocks of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea are subjected to sprout removal after 30 days of grafting and rarely have new sprouts after 1 time of bud picking, and further the workload of at least one time of patrol sprout removal and bud picking every 5-7 days after the rootstocks start to sprout in the traditional method is reduced.
Has the advantages that:
the method reduces the cost of oil tea grafting and seedling raising, reduces the workload of bud removal and bud picking, and is characterized by selection, cultivation and trimming of stocks, thereby realizing the technology of grafting and cultivating common oil tea seedlings, effectively improving the survival rate of oil tea seedling grafting, and realizing the technology of planting common oil tea seedlings in karst mountainous areas, wherein the survival rate of oil tea seedling grafting can reach more than 93%. In addition, the camellia oleifera planted by the method has the characteristics of high yield, high quality and less pest and disease damage.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any modifications or substitutions in the basic spirit of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention as claimed in the claims.
In the following examples, the stocks are from seeds of Camellia crassicolumna, and the seeds are mainly from the Shanyang town Shi Ant factory in Xingren city in Guizhou southeast and the Shanma village Shang Bin in Qing Longcounty;
example 1
A method for reducing the germination amount of grafting rootstocks of No. 40 (national S-SC-CO-011 + 2008) grafting trees of improved varieties of oil-tea camellia, selects cultivated thick-shell erythroma fruit tea rootstocks and oil-tea camellia, and grafts 25 days before the oil-tea camellia sprouts sprout, comprises the following steps:
s1 row planting: after grafting the thick-shell haematoma fruit tea bud stock and the tea-oil tree, covering the tea-oil tree seedlings with wet cloth until the seedling bed required seedling amount is reached, then carrying out row planting, wherein the row spacing of the seedlings is 5 multiplied by 8cm, the upper part of a strapping tape cannot be covered by soil, immediately watering root fixing water after the surface of the seedling bed is fully inserted, slowly watering, and the using amount of the root fixing water is 200 mL/plant;
s2 sealing the bed surface with an arch film, compacting with soil, watering and fixing;
s3, building a double-layer shade shed 2 meters high, and two layers of shade nets, wherein the shade degree reaches 73%;
s4 sprout removal: a small amount of stock germination appears in the last ten days of 4 months, and the seedbed is well covered and sealed by an original arch film after the germination and the bud picking are removed;
s5 seedling hardening: in the last ten days of 5 months, according to the weather conditions, in rainy days or with the air humidity more than 85%, opening the arched films at two ends of the seedbed, removing all the arched films after 5 days, applying growth promoting fertilizer according to the amount of 49 kg/mu, applying ferrous sulfate containing water fertilizer according to 17 kg/mu if whitening occurs, and removing a layer of shading net after 15 days;
s6, finishing the seedling exercising 15 days after the completion of the step S5;
the growth promoting fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3 parts of urea, 35 parts of wormcast, 5 parts of papermaking black liquor extract, 1 part of gibberellin, 5 parts of alkyl glycoside and 0.5 part of modified chitosan;
the modified chitosan is prepared by adding chitosan into water according to a feed-liquid ratio of 1:25(g/L), adjusting the pH value to 5.5, adding composite bacterial powder according to the bacterial powder addition amount of 7%, wherein the ratio of bacillus safensis freeze-dried powder, pseudomonas freeze-dried powder and fusarium oxysporum freeze-dried powder in the composite bacterial powder is 1: 15: and 7, fermenting for 6 hours at the temperature of 35 ℃, degrading with hydrogen peroxide during the fermentation process, and then adjusting the pH value of the fermentation hydrolysate to be neutral. The chitosan of the invention has excellent degradation performance, can degrade longer molecular chains and parts with higher polymerization degree firstly, and produces the chitosan with low relative molecular weight and narrow distribution;
the papermaking black liquor extract is prepared by placing papermaking black liquor into an ultrasonic instrument, adding an emulsifier with the mass of 0.75 per mill of the weight ratio of the papermaking black liquor, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 8min under the condition of the ultrasonic power of 400W, and then transferring the mixture into a high-pressure homogenizer to carry out treatment for 7min under the homogenization pressure of 90 MPa; then 3g of potassium permanganate is added into every 500ml of emulsion, and the mixture is fully mixed; adding 4g of potassium nitrate into 50000ml of emulsion, heating to 90 ℃ during stirring, reacting for 90min, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to 3 by using an acidizing solution, and centrifuging for 30min at 5000 r/min; standing, and performing vacuum filtration to remove precipitated impurities to obtain fulvic acid substance solution;
the emulsifier is cyclodextrin, sucrose fatty acid ester, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate and Arabic gum according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.13 is prepared;
the ferrous sulfate-containing water fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of shepherd's purse, 8 parts of ferrous sulfate, 50 parts of chicken manure, 6 parts of bamboo vinegar, 12 parts of plant ash, 15 parts of small-molecule magnetized water and 120 parts of biogas liquid;
the preparation method of the ferrous sulfate-containing water fertilizer comprises the steps of cleaning shepherd's purse, cutting up the shepherd's purse, stirring the shepherd's purse and chicken manure, placing the shepherd's purse and the chicken manure together in a biogas liquid, stirring the shepherd's purse and the chicken manure for 30min in a sealed manner at an initial temperature of 32 ℃, wherein the stirring speed is 500 r/min, then adding bamboo vinegar liquid and plant ash, standing the mixture for 7 days in a sealed manner, and finally adding ferrous sulfate and micromolecular magnetized water and stirring the mixture uniformly;
the method for cultivating the root stock of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the rootstock: taking the root of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea as a stock;
(2) land preparation:
deeply ploughing soil, and picking up stones, weed roots and the like; turning over the soil once again before sowing, smashing and raking the soil grains, removing all weeds and grass roots, and simultaneously applying enough base fertilizer;
preparing a bed, wherein the height of the seedbed is 40cm, the width of the seedbed is 1.2m, and the width of the step is 42 cm;
(3) seed collection: the seeds of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea are ripe in 10 months and are sowed at any time;
(4) sowing: sowing seeds of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea in 10-12 months, wherein the distance between the seeds is controlled to be 4 cm; the seedlings are enabled to be uniform in light receiving, good in ventilation and convenient for intertillage, weeding and topdressing, wood chips with the thickness of 4.3cm are added after the covering soil is covered by 3cm, and finally a shade is built, and the light transmittance is 30%;
(5) nursery stock field management: the seedlings can be lifted after four periods of seedling emergence, seedling stage, fast growing stage and hardening stage, and the stock can be dug out for use after 1 year of cultivation;
(6) pruning of the rootstock: cutting off the nursery stock from the intersection of the root and the stem, cutting off the root into sections according to the length of 5cm, wherein the lower part of each section is provided with a fibrous root, and the upper part of each section is used for grafting scion;
the base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of banana peel extract, 25 parts of cow dung, 30 parts of pig dung, 25 parts of rhizobium fertilizer, 15 parts of sodium metasilicate, 6 parts of potassium phosphate, 8 parts of urea, 6 parts of ammonium humate and 11 parts of sodium phytate;
uniformly mixing banana peel extract, cow dung, pig manure, rhizobium fertilizer, sodium metasilicate, potassium phosphate, urea, ammonium humate and sodium phytate, placing the mixture in an ultrasonic instrument for ultrasonic treatment for 500s under the condition of 700W, then placing the mixture in a fermentation tank made of cement, covering and sealing the fermentation tank for anaerobic fermentation for 30 days, and taking out all substances in the fermentation tank after the fermentation is finished;
the banana peel extracting solution is prepared by placing banana peel in 30% sodium chloride solution by mass percent, extracting for 45min under the microwave condition of 80 ℃ and 400W of power, then filtering by adopting a polycarbonate membrane with the aperture of 80nm, placing precipitate in absolute ethyl alcohol containing hydroxypropyl cellulose for ultrasonic dispersion, and then uniformly mixing with filtrate; the mass ratio of the sodium chloride solution to the banana peel is 25: 1;
the mass fraction of hydroxypropyl cellulose in the anhydrous ethanol containing hydroxypropyl cellulose is 0.5 per mill.
Example 2
A method for reducing the germination amount of a grafting rootstock of a tea-oil tree Changlin No. 4 (national S-SC-CO-006-2008) comprises the following steps of selecting cultivated root stocks of Calophyllum inophyllum Hemsl and tea-oil trees, and grafting the root stocks and the tea-oil trees 15-25 days before the tea-oil tree sprouts, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s1 row planting: after the root of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea is grafted with the camellia oleifera, covering the camellia oleifera seedlings with wet cloth until the seedling quantity required by a seedbed is reached, then carrying out row planting, wherein the row spacing of the seedlings is 5 multiplied by 8cm, the upper part of a strapping tape cannot be covered by soil, immediately watering root fixing water after the seedbed surface is fully inserted, slowly pouring water, and the using quantity of the root fixing water is 200mL per plant;
s2 sealing the bed surface with an arch film, compacting with soil, watering and fixing;
s3, building a double-layer shade shed 2 meters high, and two layers of shade nets, wherein the shade degree reaches 67%;
s4 sprout removal: a small amount of stock germination appears in the last ten days of 4 months, and the seedbed is well covered and sealed by an original arch film after the germination and the bud picking are removed;
s5 seedling hardening: in the last ten days of 5 months, according to the weather conditions, in rainy days or with the air humidity more than 85%, opening the arched films at two ends of the seedbed, removing all the arched films after 5 days, applying growth promoting fertilizer according to the amount of 45 kg/mu, applying ferrous sulfate containing water fertilizer according to 11 kg/mu if whitening occurs, and removing a layer of shading net after 15 days;
s6, finishing the seedling exercising 15 days after the completion of the step S5;
the growth promoting fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1 part of urea, 20 parts of wormcast, 2 parts of papermaking black liquor extract, 0.2 part of gibberellin, 1 part of alkyl glycoside and 0.1 part of modified chitosan;
the modified chitosan is prepared by adding chitosan into water according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1:20(g/L), adjusting the pH value to 4.5, adding composite bacterial powder according to the bacterial powder adding amount of 5%, wherein the ratio of bacillus safensis freeze-dried powder, pseudomonas freeze-dried powder and fusarium oxysporum freeze-dried powder in the composite bacterial powder is 1: 11: and 3, fermenting for 4 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃, degrading with hydrogen peroxide during the fermentation process, and then adjusting the pH value of the fermentation hydrolysate to be neutral. The chitosan of the invention has excellent degradation performance, can degrade longer molecular chains and parts with higher polymerization degree firstly, and produces the chitosan with low relative molecular weight and narrow distribution;
the papermaking black liquor extract is prepared by placing papermaking black liquor into an ultrasonic instrument, adding an emulsifier with the mass of 0.45 per mill of the weight ratio of the papermaking black liquor, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 5min under the condition of the ultrasonic power of 300W, and then transferring the mixture into a high-pressure homogenizer to carry out treatment for 3min under the homogenization pressure of 60 MPa; then adding 1g of potassium permanganate into every 200ml of emulsion, and fully mixing; adding 2g of potassium nitrate into each 20000ml of the emulsion, heating to 60 ℃ during stirring, reacting for 30min, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to 2 with an acidification solution, and centrifuging at 3000r/min for 30 min; standing, and performing vacuum filtration to remove precipitated impurities to obtain fulvic acid substance solution;
the emulsifier is cyclodextrin, sucrose fatty acid ester, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate and Arabic gum according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.08 is prepared;
the ferrous sulfate-containing water fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of shepherd's purse, 3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 30 parts of chicken manure, 2 parts of bamboo vinegar, 10 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of small-molecule magnetized water and 100 parts of biogas liquid;
the preparation method of the ferrous sulfate-containing water fertilizer comprises the steps of cleaning shepherd's purse, cutting up the shepherd's purse, stirring the shepherd's purse and chicken manure, placing the shepherd's purse and the chicken manure together in a biogas liquid, stirring the shepherd's purse and the chicken manure for 20min in a sealed manner at the initial temperature of 20 ℃, wherein the stirring speed is 300 r/min, then adding bamboo vinegar liquid and plant ash, standing the mixture for 3 days in a sealed manner, and finally adding ferrous sulfate and micromolecular magnetized water, and uniformly stirring the mixture;
the method for cultivating the root stock of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the rootstock: taking the root of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea as a stock;
(2) land preparation:
deeply ploughing soil, and picking up stones, weed roots and the like; turning over the soil once again before sowing, smashing and raking the soil grains, removing all weeds and grass roots, and simultaneously applying enough base fertilizer;
preparing a bed, wherein the height of the seedbed is 30cm, the width of the seedbed is 1m, and the width of the footpath is 38 cm;
(3) seed collection: the seeds of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea are ripe in 10 months and are sowed at any time;
(4) sowing: sowing seeds of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea in 10-12 months, wherein the distance between the seeds is controlled to be 3 cm; the seedlings are enabled to be uniform in light receiving, good in ventilation and convenient for intertillage, weeding and topdressing, wood chips with the thickness of 3.7cm are added after the covering soil is covered by 2cm, and finally a shade is built, and the light transmittance is 30%;
(5) nursery stock field management: the seedlings can be lifted after four periods of seedling emergence, seedling stage, fast growing stage and hardening stage, and the stock can be dug out for use after 1 year of cultivation;
(6) pruning of the rootstock: cutting off the nursery stock from the intersection of the root and the stem, cutting off the root into sections according to the length of 5cm, wherein the lower part of each section is provided with a fibrous root, and the upper part of each section is used for grafting scion;
the base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of banana peel extract, 15 parts of cow dung, 25 parts of pig dung, 15 parts of rhizobium fertilizer, 8 parts of sodium metasilicate, 3 parts of potassium phosphate, 5 parts of urea, 2 parts of ammonium humate and 5 parts of sodium phytate;
uniformly mixing banana peel extract, cow dung, pig manure, rhizobium fertilizer, sodium metasilicate, potassium phosphate, urea, ammonium humate and sodium phytate, placing the mixture in an ultrasonic instrument for ultrasonic treatment for 200s under the condition of 500W, then placing the mixture in a fermentation tank made of cement, covering and sealing the fermentation tank for anaerobic fermentation for 20 days, and taking out all substances in the fermentation tank after the fermentation is finished;
the banana peel extracting solution is prepared by placing banana peel in 20% sodium chloride solution by mass percent, extracting for 30min under the microwave condition of 70 ℃ and 300W of power, then filtering by adopting a polycarbonate membrane with the aperture of 80nm, placing precipitate in absolute ethyl alcohol containing hydroxypropyl cellulose for ultrasonic dispersion, and then uniformly mixing with filtrate; the mass ratio of the sodium chloride solution to the banana peel is 15: 1;
the mass fraction of hydroxypropyl cellulose in the anhydrous ethanol containing hydroxypropyl cellulose is 0.3 per mill.
Example 3
A method for reducing the germination amount of a grafting rootstock of a tea-oil tree Changlin No. 3 (national S-SC-CO-005-:
s1 row planting: after grafting the root stock of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea and the tea-oil tree, covering the tea-oil tree seedlings with wet cloth until the seedling quantity required by a seedbed is reached, then carrying out row planting, wherein the row spacing of the seedlings is 5 multiplied by 8cm, the upper part of a strapping tape cannot be covered by soil, immediately watering root fixing water after the seedbed surface is fully inserted, slowly watering, and the using quantity of the root fixing water is 200mL per plant;
s2 sealing the bed surface with an arch film, compacting with soil, watering and fixing;
s3, building a double-layer shade shed 2 meters high, and two layers of shade nets, wherein the shade degree reaches 70%;
s4 sprout removal: a small amount of stock germination appears in the last ten days of 4 months, and the seedbed is well covered and sealed by an original arch film after the germination and the bud picking are removed;
s5 seedling hardening: in the last ten days of 5 months, according to the weather conditions, in rainy days or with the air humidity more than 85%, opening the arched films at two ends of the seedbed, removing all the arched films after 5 days, applying growth promoting fertilizer according to the amount of 47 kg/mu, applying ferrous sulfate containing water fertilizer according to 14 kg/mu if whitening occurs, and removing a layer of shading net after 15 days;
s6, finishing the seedling exercising 15 days after the completion of the step S5;
the growth promoting fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 4.5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2 parts of urea, 28 parts of wormcast, 3.5 parts of papermaking black liquor extract, 0.6 part of gibberellin, 3 parts of alkyl glycoside and 0.3 part of modified chitosan;
the modified chitosan is prepared by adding chitosan into water according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:22(g/L), adjusting the pH value to 5, adding composite bacterial powder according to the bacterial powder adding amount of 6%, wherein the ratio of bacillus safensis freeze-dried powder, pseudomonas freeze-dried powder and fusarium oxysporum freeze-dried powder in the composite bacterial powder is 1: 13: 5, fermenting for 5 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃, degrading with hydrogen peroxide during the fermentation process, and then adjusting the pH value of the fermentation hydrolysate to be neutral;
the papermaking black liquor extract is prepared by placing papermaking black liquor into an ultrasonic instrument, adding an emulsifier with the mass of 0.55 per mill of the weight ratio of the papermaking black liquor, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 6min under the condition of the ultrasonic power of 350W, and then transferring the extract into a high-pressure homogenizer to carry out treatment for 5min under the homogenization pressure of 75 MPa; then 2g of potassium permanganate is added into every 350ml of emulsion, and the mixture is fully mixed; adding 3g of potassium nitrate into each 35000ml of the emulsion, heating to 75 deg.C during stirring, reacting for 60min, adjusting pH to 2.5 with acidified solution, and centrifuging at 4000r/min for 30 min; standing, and then carrying out vacuum filtration to remove precipitated impurities to obtain fulvic acid substance solution;
the emulsifier is cyclodextrin, sucrose fatty acid ester, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate and Arabic gum according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.1, preparing;
the ferrous sulfate-containing water fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of shepherd's purse, 5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 40 parts of chicken manure, 4 parts of bamboo vinegar, 11 parts of plant ash, 12 parts of small-molecule magnetized water and 110 parts of biogas liquid;
the preparation method of the ferrous sulfate-containing water fertilizer comprises the steps of cleaning shepherd's purse, cutting up the shepherd's purse, stirring the shepherd's purse and chicken manure, placing the shepherd's purse and the chicken manure together in a biogas liquid, stirring the shepherd's purse and the chicken manure for 25min in a sealed manner at the initial temperature of 27 ℃, wherein the stirring speed is 400 r/min, then adding bamboo vinegar liquid and plant ash, standing the mixture for 5 days in a sealed manner, and finally adding ferrous sulfate and micromolecular magnetized water, and uniformly stirring the mixture;
the method for cultivating the root stock of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the rootstock: taking the root of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea as a stock;
(2) land preparation:
deeply ploughing soil, and picking up stones, weed roots and the like; turning over the soil once again before sowing, smashing and raking the soil grains, removing all weeds and grass roots, and simultaneously applying enough base fertilizer;
preparing a bed, wherein the height of the seedbed is 35cm, the width of the seedbed is 1.1m, and the width of the step is 40 cm;
(3) seed collection: the seeds of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea are ripe in 10 months and are sowed at any time;
(4) sowing: sowing seeds of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea in 10-12 months, wherein the distance between the seeds is controlled to be 3.5 cm; the seedlings are enabled to be uniform in light receiving, good in ventilation and convenient for intertillage, weeding and topdressing, wood chips with the thickness of 4cm are added after the soil is covered by 2.5cm, and finally a shade is built, and the light transmittance is 30%;
(5) nursery stock field management: the seedlings can be lifted after four periods of seedling emergence, seedling stage, fast growing stage and hardening stage, and the stock can be dug out for use after 1 year of cultivation;
(6) pruning of the rootstock: cutting off the nursery stock from the intersection of the root and the stem, cutting off the root into sections according to the length of 5cm, wherein the lower part of each section is provided with a fibrous root, and the upper part of each section is used for grafting scion;
the base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of banana peel extract, 20 parts of cow dung, 28 parts of pig dung, 20 parts of rhizobium fertilizer, 12 parts of sodium metasilicate, 5 parts of potassium phosphate, 6 parts of urea, 4 parts of ammonium humate and 8 parts of sodium phytate;
uniformly mixing banana peel extract, cow dung, pig manure, rhizobium fertilizer, sodium metasilicate, potassium phosphate, urea, ammonium humate and sodium phytate, placing the mixture in an ultrasonic instrument for ultrasonic treatment for 350s under the condition of 600W, then placing the mixture in a fermentation tank made of cement, covering and sealing the fermentation tank for anaerobic fermentation for 25 days, and taking out all substances in the fermentation tank after the fermentation is finished;
the banana peel extracting solution is prepared by placing banana peel in 25% sodium chloride solution by mass percent, extracting for 37min under the microwave condition of 75 ℃ and 350W of power, then filtering by adopting a polycarbonate membrane with the aperture of 80nm, placing precipitate in absolute ethyl alcohol containing hydroxypropyl cellulose for ultrasonic dispersion, and then uniformly mixing with filtrate; the mass ratio of the sodium chloride solution to the banana peel is 20: 1;
the mass fraction of hydroxypropyl cellulose in the anhydrous ethanol containing hydroxypropyl cellulose is 0.4 per mill.
Example 4
A method for reducing germination quantity of a grafting rootstock of a tea-oil tree long forest No. 26 (GanS-SC-CO-029-:
s1 row planting: after grafting the root stock of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea and the tea-oil tree, covering the tea-oil tree seedlings with wet cloth until the seedling quantity required by a seedbed is reached, then carrying out row planting, wherein the row spacing of the seedlings is 5 multiplied by 8cm, the upper part of a strapping tape cannot be covered by soil, immediately watering root fixing water after the seedbed surface is fully inserted, slowly watering, and the using quantity of the root fixing water is 200mL per plant;
s2 sealing the bed surface with an arch film, compacting with soil, watering and fixing;
s3, building a double-layer shade shed 2 meters high, and two layers of shade nets, wherein the shade degree reaches 70%;
s4 sprout removal: a small amount of stock germination appears in the last ten days of 4 months, and the seedbed is well covered and sealed by an original arch film after the germination and the bud picking are removed;
s5 seedling hardening: in the last ten days of 5 months, according to the weather conditions, in rainy days or with the air humidity more than 85%, opening the arched films at two ends of the seedbed, removing all the arched films after 5 days, applying growth promoting fertilizer according to the amount of 47 kg/mu, applying ferrous sulfate containing water fertilizer according to 14 kg/mu if whitening occurs, and removing a layer of shading net after 15 days;
s6, finishing the seedling exercising 15 days after the completion of the step S5;
the growth promoting fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2 parts of urea, 20 parts of wormcast, 5 parts of papermaking black liquor extract, 1 part of gibberellin, 1 part of alkyl glycoside and 0.1 part of modified chitosan;
the modified chitosan is prepared by adding chitosan into water according to a feed-liquid ratio of 1:25(g/L), adjusting the pH value to 5.5, adding composite bacterial powder according to the bacterial powder adding amount of 5%, wherein the ratio of bacillus safensis freeze-dried powder, pseudomonas freeze-dried powder and fusarium oxysporum freeze-dried powder in the composite bacterial powder is 1: 11: 3, fermenting for 5 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃, degrading by using hydrogen peroxide in the fermentation process, and then adjusting the pH value of the fermentation hydrolysate to be neutral;
the papermaking black liquor extract is prepared by placing papermaking black liquor into an ultrasonic instrument, adding an emulsifier with the mass of 0.65 per mill of the weight ratio of the papermaking black liquor, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 7min under the condition of the ultrasonic power of 350W, and then transferring the extract into a high-pressure homogenizer to carry out treatment for 5min under the homogenization pressure of 70 MPa; then 2g of potassium permanganate is added into every 400ml of emulsion, and the mixture is fully mixed; adding 3g of potassium nitrate into 40000ml of emulsion, heating to 80 ℃ during stirring, reacting for 50min, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to 2.7 by using an acidizing solution, and centrifuging for 30min at 3000-; standing, and then carrying out vacuum filtration to remove precipitated impurities to obtain fulvic acid substance solution;
the emulsifier is cyclodextrin, sucrose fatty acid ester, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate and Arabic gum according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.11 is prepared;
the ferrous sulfate-containing water fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of shepherd's purse, 3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 50 parts of chicken manure, 6 parts of bamboo vinegar, 10 parts of plant ash, 15 parts of small-molecule magnetized water and 100 parts of biogas liquid;
the preparation method of the ferrous sulfate-containing water fertilizer comprises the steps of cleaning shepherd's purse, cutting up the shepherd's purse, stirring the shepherd's purse and chicken manure, placing the shepherd's purse and the chicken manure together in a biogas liquid, stirring the shepherd's purse and the chicken manure for 30min in a sealed manner at the initial temperature of 32 ℃, wherein the stirring speed is 300 r/min, then adding bamboo vinegar liquid and plant ash, standing the mixture for 3 days in a sealed manner, and finally adding ferrous sulfate and micromolecular magnetized water, and uniformly stirring the mixture;
the method for cultivating the root stock of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the rootstock: taking the root of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea as a stock;
(2) land preparation:
deeply ploughing soil, and picking up stones, weed roots and the like; turning over the soil once again before sowing, smashing and raking the soil grains, removing all weeds and grass roots, and simultaneously applying enough base fertilizer;
preparing a bed, wherein the height of the seedbed is 35cm, the width of the seedbed is 1.1m, and the width of the step is 40 cm;
(3) seed collection: the seeds of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea are ripe in 10 months and are sowed at any time;
(4) sowing: sowing seeds of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea in 10-12 months, wherein the distance between the seeds is controlled to be 3.5 cm; the seedlings are enabled to be uniform in light receiving, good in ventilation and convenient for intertillage, weeding and topdressing, wood chips with the thickness of 4cm are added after the soil is covered by 2.5cm, and finally a shade is built, and the light transmittance is 30%;
(5) nursery stock field management: the seedlings can be lifted after four periods of seedling emergence, seedling stage, fast growing stage and hardening stage, and the stock can be dug out for use after 1 year of cultivation;
(6) pruning of the rootstock: cutting off the nursery stock from the intersection of the root and the stem, cutting off the root into sections according to the length of 5cm, wherein the lower part of each section is provided with a fibrous root, and the upper part of each section is used for grafting scion;
the base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of banana peel extract, 25 parts of cow dung, 25 parts of pig dung, 15 parts of rhizobium fertilizer, 15 parts of sodium metasilicate, 3 parts of potassium phosphate, 5 parts of urea, 2 parts of ammonium humate and 11 parts of sodium phytate;
uniformly mixing banana peel extract, cow dung, pig dung, rhizobium fertilizer, sodium metasilicate, potassium phosphate, urea, ammonium humate and sodium phytate, placing the mixture in an ultrasonic instrument for ultrasonic treatment for 400s under the condition of 600W, then placing the mixture in a fermentation tank made of cement, covering and sealing the fermentation tank for anaerobic fermentation for 25 days, and taking out all substances in the fermentation tank after the fermentation is finished;
the banana peel extracting solution is prepared by placing banana peel in 25% sodium chloride solution by mass percent, extracting for 40min under the microwave condition of 75 ℃ and 350W of power, then filtering by adopting a polycarbonate membrane with the aperture of 80nm, placing precipitate in absolute ethyl alcohol containing hydroxypropyl cellulose for ultrasonic dispersion, and then uniformly mixing with filtrate; the mass ratio of the sodium chloride solution to the banana peel is 19: 1;
the mass fraction of hydroxypropyl cellulose in the anhydrous ethanol containing hydroxypropyl cellulose is 0.4 per mill.
Example 5
A method for reducing germination quantity of a 166 # grafting rootstock (GanS-SC-CO-029-:
s1 row planting: after grafting the root stock of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea and the tea-oil tree, covering the tea-oil tree seedlings with wet cloth until the seedling quantity required by a seedbed is reached, then carrying out row planting, wherein the row spacing of the seedlings is 5 multiplied by 8cm, the upper part of a strapping tape cannot be covered by soil, immediately watering root fixing water after the seedbed surface is fully inserted, slowly watering, and the using quantity of the root fixing water is 200mL per plant;
s2 sealing the bed surface with an arch film, compacting with soil, watering and fixing;
s3, building a double-layer shade shed 2 meters high, and two layers of shade nets, wherein the shade degree reaches 70%;
s4 sprout removal: a small amount of stock germination appears in the last ten days of 4 months, and the seedbed is well covered and sealed by an original arch film after the germination and the bud picking are removed;
s5 seedling hardening: in the last ten days of 5 months, according to the weather conditions, in rainy days or with the air humidity more than 85%, opening the arched films at two ends of the seedbed, removing all the arched films after 5 days, applying growth promoting fertilizer according to the amount of 47 kg/mu, applying ferrous sulfate containing water fertilizer according to 14 kg/mu if whitening occurs, and removing a layer of shading net after 15 days;
s6, finishing the seedling exercising 15 days after the completion of the step S5;
the growth promoting fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3 parts of urea, 35 parts of wormcast, 4 parts of papermaking black liquor extract, 0.5 part of gibberellin, 3 parts of alkyl glycoside and 0.3 part of modified chitosan;
the modified chitosan is prepared by adding chitosan into water according to a feed-liquid ratio of 1:23(g/L), adjusting the pH value to 5.0, adding composite bacterial powder according to the bacterial powder adding amount of 6%, wherein the ratio of bacillus safensis freeze-dried powder, pseudomonas freeze-dried powder and fusarium oxysporum freeze-dried powder in the composite bacterial powder is 1: 12: and 5, fermenting for 5 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃, degrading with hydrogen peroxide during the fermentation process, and then adjusting the pH value of the fermentation hydrolysate to be neutral. The chitosan of the invention has excellent degradation performance, can degrade longer molecular chains and parts with higher polymerization degree firstly, and produces the chitosan with low relative molecular weight and narrow distribution;
the papermaking black liquor extract is prepared by placing papermaking black liquor into an ultrasonic instrument, adding an emulsifier with the mass of 0.70 per mill of the weight ratio of the papermaking black liquor, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 7min under the condition of the ultrasonic power of 350W, and then transferring the mixture into a high-pressure homogenizer for treatment for 5min under the homogenization pressure of 80 MPa; then 2g of potassium permanganate is added into each 300ml of emulsion, and the mixture is fully mixed; adding 3g of potassium nitrate into 40000ml of emulsion, heating to 70 ℃ during stirring, reacting for 70min, adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to 2.5 by using an acidizing solution, and centrifuging for 30min at 5000 r/min; standing, and then carrying out vacuum filtration to remove precipitated impurities to obtain fulvic acid substance solution;
the emulsifier is cyclodextrin, sucrose fatty acid ester, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate and Arabic gum according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.09;
the ferrous sulfate-containing water fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of shepherd's purse, 5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 45 parts of chicken manure, 3 parts of bamboo vinegar, 11 parts of plant ash, 10-15 parts of small molecule magnetized water and 100 parts of biogas liquid;
the preparation method of the ferrous sulfate-containing water fertilizer comprises the steps of cleaning shepherd's purse, cutting up the shepherd's purse, stirring the shepherd's purse and chicken manure, placing the shepherd's purse and the chicken manure together in a biogas liquid, stirring the shepherd's purse and the chicken manure for 20 to 30 minutes in a sealed manner at the initial temperature of 25 ℃, wherein the stirring speed is 500 revolutions per minute, then adding bamboo vinegar liquid and plant ash, standing the mixture for 5 days in a sealed manner, and finally adding ferrous sulfate and small molecular magnetized water and uniformly stirring the mixture;
the method for cultivating the root stock of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the rootstock: taking the root of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea as a stock;
(2) land preparation:
deeply ploughing soil, and picking up stones, weed roots and the like; turning over the soil once again before sowing, smashing and raking the soil grains, removing all weeds and grass roots, and simultaneously applying enough base fertilizer;
preparing a bed, wherein the height of the seedbed is 35cm, the width of the seedbed is 1.1m, and the width of the step is 40 cm;
(3) seed collection: the seeds of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea are ripe in 10 months and are sowed at any time;
(4) sowing: sowing seeds of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea in 10-12 months, wherein the distance between the seeds is controlled to be 3.5 cm; the seedlings are enabled to be uniform in light receiving, good in ventilation and convenient for intertillage, weeding and topdressing, wood chips with the thickness of 4cm are added after the soil is covered by 2.5cm, and finally a shade is built, and the light transmittance is 30%;
(5) nursery stock field management: the seedlings can be lifted after four periods of seedling emergence, seedling stage, fast growing stage and hardening stage, and the stock can be dug out for use after 1 year of cultivation;
(6) pruning of the rootstock: cutting off the nursery stock from the intersection of the root and the stem, cutting off the root into sections according to the length of 5cm, wherein the lower part of each section is provided with a fibrous root, and the upper part of each section is used for grafting scion;
the base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of banana peel extract, 20 parts of cow dung, 27 parts of pig dung, 18 parts of rhizobium fertilizer, 12 parts of sodium metasilicate, 4 parts of potassium phosphate, 7 parts of urea, 3 parts of ammonium humate and 7 parts of sodium phytate;
uniformly mixing banana peel extract, cow dung, pig manure, rhizobium fertilizer, sodium metasilicate, potassium phosphate, urea, ammonium humate and sodium phytate, placing the mixture in an ultrasonic instrument for ultrasonic treatment for 400s under the condition of 550W, then placing the mixture in a fermentation tank made of cement, covering and sealing the fermentation tank for anaerobic fermentation for 25 days, and taking out all substances in the fermentation tank after the fermentation is finished;
the banana peel extracting solution is prepared by placing banana peel in 25% sodium chloride solution by mass percent, extracting for 38min under the microwave condition of 75 ℃ and 350W of power, then filtering by adopting a polycarbonate membrane with the aperture of 80nm, placing precipitate in absolute ethyl alcohol containing hydroxypropyl cellulose for ultrasonic dispersion, and then uniformly mixing with filtrate; the mass ratio of the sodium chloride solution to the banana peel is (15-25) to 1;
the mass fraction of hydroxypropyl cellulose in the anhydrous ethanol containing hydroxypropyl cellulose is 0.35 per mill.
Test example 1
Summary of the test: the experimental position is located between 104 degrees 59 '-105 degrees 41' of east longitude and between 24 degrees 55 '-25 degrees 33' of north latitude between the rural village and the Sunjan of the office of the phoenix street in Anlong county, the elevation is 1386-2Is not affected by flood impact, cultivated soil layer is about 35cm, soil is sandy loam, is slightly acidic, and protects environmentThe water and fertilizer retention capacity is strong, and the ventilation performance is good; the test site climate belongs to subtropical monsoon humid climate, and the annual average temperature is 15.6 ℃, the coldest month average temperature is 6.4 ℃, and the hottest month average temperature is 21.9 ℃; the annual precipitation amount reaches 1356.1 mm, wherein the precipitation amount is 984.8 mm in 5-10 months; annual sunshine duration is 1504.7 hours, and frost-free period is 288 days.
The test method comprises the following steps:
test groups 1 to 5 are examples 1 to 5, respectively;
comparative group 1 contained no banana peel extract in the base fertilizer on the basis of example 3;
the investigation method comprises the following steps: selecting representative nursery bed setting sample according to variety in test field, and setting 3 lm for each variety2The sample, in the management period divided into 4 stages investigation. After the arch membrane is uncovered from the nursery, the survival rate and the high growth amount of the seedlings are investigated from 7 months to 20 days. And then, surveying the survival rate and the high growth rate of each group at intervals of 30 days, namely, 8 months and 20 days, 9 months and 20 days, and 10 months and 20 days, wherein the growth rate survey adopts a measuring tape to measure the height of the nursery stock in the sample prescription one by one. Investigating the quality of the nursery stock (height, diameter, number of branches, number of roots, length of roots, rhizomes) when the nursery stock is out of nursery in the next year;
the survival rate is the percentage of the number of surviving seedlings of the stock in the same square to the total number of plants for grafting, and the outplanting rate (seedling survival rate) is the percentage of the number of seedlings reaching the outplanting standard of the seedlings after summer in the second year of grafting to the number of seedlings which become live seedlings after row planting in the current year;
statistical analysis is carried out by adopting MicroSeexcel;
results and analysis:
the survival rate survey at different stages of the seedling management period is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Item | 7 month and 20 days | 8 month and 20 days | 9 month and 20 days | 10 months and 20 days |
| Test group 1 | 97.1％ | 95.4％ | 95.7％ | 94.2％ |
| Test group 2 | 98.5％ | 97.2％ | 95.6％ | 95.4％ |
| Test group 3 | 98.3％ | 97.5％ | 97.3％ | 95.7％ |
| Test group 4 | 99.3％ | 98.6％ | 97.2％ | 93.8％ |
| Test group 5 | 93.7％ | 93.1％ | 94.5％ | 93.6％ |
| Comparative group 1 | 88.4％ | 87.9％ | 90.1％ | 86.1％ |
The high growth rate of seedlings at different stages of seedlings is shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
The quality of the nursery stock is as follows: when the nursery stock is out of nursery, the overground part and the underground part of the nursery stock are investigated, and the overground part is mainly used for investigating the height, the diameter of the nursery stock, the branch number of the nursery stock and the axillary bud number. The underground part investigates the main root length, the main root diameter, the side root length and the fibrous root number, and the investigation result is shown in a table 3;
TABLE 3
The albinism of the seedlings is investigated from 7 months and 20 days, and then the albinism is investigated once every 30 days, namely, 8 months and 20 days, 9 months and 20 days and 10 months and 20 days are calculated from the beginning of planting, and the amount of albinism plants appearing at each stage is shown in table 4;
TABLE 4
Claims (6)
1. A method for reducing the germination amount of a camellia oleifera grafting stock selects cultivated root stocks of thick-shell erythroma fruit tea and camellia oleifera, and grafts the root stocks 15-25 days before camellia oleifera buds sprout, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1 row planting: after grafting the root stock of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea and the tea-oil tree, covering the tea-oil tree seedlings with wet cloth until the seedling quantity required by a seedbed is reached, then carrying out row planting, wherein the row spacing of the seedlings is 5 multiplied by 8cm, the upper part of a strapping tape cannot be covered by soil, immediately watering root fixing water after the seedbed surface is fully inserted, slowly watering, and the using quantity of the root fixing water is 200mL per plant; s2 sealing the bed surface with an arch film, compacting with soil, watering and fixing;
s3, building a double-layer shade shed 2 meters high and two layers of shade nets, wherein the shade degree reaches 67-73%;
s4 sprout removal: a small amount of stock germination appears in the last ten days of 4 months, and the seedbed is well covered and sealed by an original arch film after the germination and the bud picking are removed;
s5 seedling hardening: in the last ten days of 5 months, according to the weather conditions, in rainy days or with the air humidity more than 85%, opening the arched films at two ends of the seedbed, removing all the arched films after 5 days, applying growth promoting fertilizer according to the amount of 45-49 kg/mu, applying ferrous sulfate containing water fertilizer according to the amount of 11-17 kg/mu if whitening occurs, and removing a layer of shading net after 15 days;
s6, finishing the seedling exercising after the procedure S5 is finished for 15 days;
the growth promoting fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 4-5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1-3 parts of urea, 20-35 parts of wormcast, 2-5 parts of papermaking black liquor extract, 0.2-1 part of gibberellin, 1-5 parts of alkyl glycoside and 0.1-0.5 part of modified chitosan;
the method for cultivating the root stock of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the rootstock: taking the root of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea as a stock;
(2) land preparation:
ploughing the soil again before sowing, smashing and raking the soil grains to remove all weeds and grass roots, and simultaneously applying enough base fertilizer;
secondly, preparing a bed in the ground, wherein the height of the seedbed is 30-40cm, the width of the seedbed is 1-1.2m, and the width of the footpath is 38-42 cm;
(3) seed collection: the seeds of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea are ripe in 10 months and are sowed at any time;
(4) sowing: sowing seeds of the thick-shell erythroma fruit tea in 10-12 months, wherein the distance between the seeds is controlled to be 3-4 cm; the seedlings are uniformly illuminated, well ventilated and convenient for intertillage, weeding and topdressing, wood chips with the thickness of 3.7-4.3cm are added after the soil is covered with the soil with the thickness of 2-3cm, and finally a shade is built, and the transmittance is controlled at 30%;
(5) nursery stock field management: the seedlings can be lifted after four periods of seedling emergence, seedling stage, fast growing stage and hardening stage, and the stock can be dug out for use after 1 year of cultivation;
(6) pruning of the rootstock: cutting off the nursery stock from the intersection of the root and the stem, cutting off the root into sections according to the length of 5cm, wherein the lower part of each section is provided with a fibrous root, and the upper part of each section is used for grafting scion;
the base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of banana peel extract, 15-25 parts of cow dung, 25-30 parts of pig dung, 15-25 parts of rhizobium fertilizer, 8-15 parts of sodium metasilicate, 3-6 parts of potassium phosphate, 5-8 parts of urea, 2-6 parts of ammonium humate and 5-11 parts of sodium phytate;
the preparation method of the base fertilizer comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the banana peel extract, the cow dung, the pig dung, the rhizobium fertilizer, the sodium metasilicate, the potassium phosphate, the urea, the ammonium humate and the sodium phytate, placing the mixture in an ultrasonic instrument for ultrasonic treatment for 200-500s under the condition of 500-700W, then placing the mixture in a fermentation tank made of cement, covering the fermentation tank for sealed anaerobic fermentation for 20-30 days, and after the fermentation is finished, completely taking out substances in the fermentation tank.
2. The method for reducing the germination amount of the camellia oleifera grafting rootstock according to claim 1, wherein the modified chitosan is prepared by adding chitosan into water according to a feed-liquid ratio of 1 (20-25) g/L, adjusting the pH value of the chitosan to 4.5-5.5, then adding composite bacterial powder according to a bacterial powder adding amount of 5-7%, and mixing the bacillus safensis freeze-dried powder, the pseudomonas freeze-dried powder and the fusarium oxysporum freeze-dried powder in the composite 1 enzyme according to a ratio of 1: (11-15): (3-7) fermenting for 4-6h at the temperature of 25-35 ℃, degrading with hydrogen peroxide during fermentation, and adjusting the pH value of the fermentation hydrolysate to be neutral.
3. The method for reducing the germination amount of the camellia oleifera grafting rootstock as claimed in claim 1, wherein the papermaking black liquor extract is prepared by placing papermaking black liquor into an ultrasonic instrument, adding an emulsifier with the mass of 0.45-0.75 per mill of the weight of the papermaking black liquor, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 5-8min under the condition of the ultrasonic power of 300-; then adding 1-3g of potassium permanganate into every 200-500ml of emulsion, and fully mixing; then 2-4g of potassium nitrate is added into 50000ml of emulsion liquid per 20000-; and standing, and then carrying out vacuum filtration to remove precipitated impurities to obtain the fulvic acid substance solution.
4. The method for reducing the germination quantity of the camellia oleifera grafted rootstock according to claim 3, wherein the emulsifier is prepared by mixing cyclodextrin with any one of sucrose fatty acid ester, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate and acacia gum according to a mass ratio of 1 (0.08-0.13).
5. The method for reducing the germination amount of the camellia oleifera grafting rootstock according to claim 1, wherein the ferrous sulfate-containing water fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of shepherd's purse, 3-8 parts of ferrous sulfate, 30-50 parts of chicken manure, 2-6 parts of bamboo vinegar, 10-12 parts of plant ash, 10-15 parts of small molecular magnetized water and 120 parts of methane liquid 100.
6. The method for reducing the germination amount of the camellia oleifera grafting rootstock as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ferrous sulfate-containing water fertilizer is prepared by cleaning shepherd's purse, cutting into pieces, stirring with chicken manure, placing into a biogas slurry together, sealing and stirring at an initial temperature of 20-32 ℃ for 20-30min at a stirring rate of 300-.
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