CN112931113A - Compound cultivation technology for gastrodia elata - Google Patents

Compound cultivation technology for gastrodia elata Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112931113A
CN112931113A CN202110279185.4A CN202110279185A CN112931113A CN 112931113 A CN112931113 A CN 112931113A CN 202110279185 A CN202110279185 A CN 202110279185A CN 112931113 A CN112931113 A CN 112931113A
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parts
mass
gastrodia elata
spraying
mixing
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CN112931113B (en
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孙兴
吴永贵
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Guizhou Shinong Huiye Productivity Promotion Center Co ltd
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Yonggui Ecological Farming Farmers' Professional Cooperative In Zhongjian Township Qianxi County
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/20Culture media, e.g. compost
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/40Cultivation of spawn
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/23Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of gastrodia elata planting, in particular to a gastrodia elata compound cultivation technology, which comprises the following steps: (1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) field arrangement, (2) fungus material preparation, (3) gastrodia elata glauca planting, and (4) management. The invention can promote the absorption of soil on water and fertilizer, enrich the content of organic matters and mineral matters in the soil, effectively promote the propagation and growth of added EM bacteria, promote the combination of the organic matters and the mineral matters, further optimize the soil gap, provide more space for water adsorption, promote the adsorption of ions on water, effectively promote the growth and propagation of symbiotic bacteria of the gastrodia elata, and add the nutrition absorption of the gastrodia elata on wood, so that the gastrodia elata has better growth environment and further improves the quality of the gastrodia elata.

Description

Compound cultivation technology for gastrodia elata
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gastrodia elata planting, in particular to a gastrodia elata compound cultivation technology.
Background
Gastrodia elata (academic name: Gastrodia elata f. glauca) is also called iron dry Gastrodia elata. The plant is large and can reach 150-200 cm at most, and the stem is gray brown and has white streak. Yellow and green, 6-7 months of flowering period. The fruit has a prismatic shape and an inverted wedge shape. The tuber is as large as 800 g. The rhizome is elliptical to oval, the joints are dense, the longest length can reach more than 15cm, the maximum weight of each root reaches 800 g, and the water content is usually within 70 percent and sometimes only 60 percent. Gastrodia elata cultivated in Yunnan is mostly the modified species mainly produced in western parts of Guizhou and Yunnan of China. The gastrodia elata is a rare traditional Chinese medicine, is used for treating symptoms such as dizziness, limb numbness, infantile convulsion and the like, has excellent medicinal effect and high economic value, and is a main crop for developing local economy.
In the prior art, the management of gastrodia elata is poor, the humidity control of the growth environment of the gastrodia elata is poor, and the growth of the gastrodia elata and the further improvement of the economic value are easily influenced. Therefore, the invention specially provides a compound cultivation technology for gastrodia elata, and aims to solve the existing problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the compound cultivation technology for gastrodia elata provided by the invention is used for ensuring the water supply in the gastrodia elata planting process, promoting the propagation of symbiotic flora and improving the yield and quality of gastrodia elata. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
the compound gastrodia elata cultivation technology comprises the following steps:
(1) site arrangement
Diluting chlorothalonil by 1500 times of 800 times in forests with gradient of 10-20 degrees and light transmittance of 35-45 percent, adding aromatic fruit residues, uniformly stirring, spraying the solution to the forests according to 8-10kg per mu, then spraying clear water in the forests every day, wherein the spraying amount is 3-5kg per mu, the spraying is carried out for 1-2 times every day, and the spraying is continuously carried out for 8-10 days; spreading water and fertilizer adsorbent in the forest at a spreading amount of 50-80 kg/mu; spraying probiotic culture solution in the forest 2-3 days later, spraying for 2-3 times per day, and continuously spraying for 2-3 days; the preparation method of the aromatic fruit residues comprises the following steps: mixing 23-36 parts by mass of lemon peel, 15-18 parts by mass of citrus peel, 20-50 parts by mass of banana peel, 10-13 parts by mass of alfalfa and 20-25 parts by mass of mint straw, cutting into powder with the fineness of 1-1.4cm, putting the powder into a beater, processing into pulp, and carrying out colloid milling on the obtained pulp for 2-3 times to obtain the aromatic fruit residues; the preparation method of the water and fertilizer adsorbent comprises the following steps: mixing 80-100 parts of furnace ash, 10-12 parts of bamboo charcoal powder and 20-30 parts of bentonite in parts by mass, adding 500-600 parts of biogas slurry diluted by 30-50 times, soaking for 20-30 days, adding 80-100 parts of corn straw powder and 121-133 parts of bagasse, mixing, and extruding into particles with the particle size of 2-4mm at the temperature of 120-130 ℃; the preparation method of the probiotic culture solution comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 10-13 parts of potato starch, 2-5 parts of bone meal, 5-8 parts of bean dregs, 10-15 parts of rice bran, 15-24 parts of rape and 30-50 parts of apple dregs in parts by mass, pulping, adding 300 parts of clean water, heating to 160 ℃ with 150 ℃ and preserving heat for 15-20min, naturally cooling, adding aspergillus oryzae, and fermenting at 25-28 ℃ for 15-20 h; then adding 10-15 parts of EM bacterial liquid and 800-1000 parts of clear water and uniformly mixing;
(2) preparation of mushroom material
Collecting the green periploca mollis and Chinese chestnut branches under the sun to be exposed for 8-10 days, processing the wood into wood sections with the length of 20-25cm, collecting and vertically placing the wood sections in a large jar, adding organic fertilizer diluent into the large jar to completely immerse the wood sections, sealing the opening of the large jar with plastic paper, and soaking for 5-8 days; taking out the wood segments, standing in an environment with humidity of 65-70% and temperature of 20-25 deg.C for 3-5 days, vertically splitting the green periploca mollis into two halves, binding the split green periploca mollis along the split trace with softened straw, and cutting the chestnut branches into 2-3 cm-fine pieces; the preparation method of the organic fertilizer diluent comprises the following steps: according to the mass parts, 11-13 parts of decomposed manure, 3-5 parts of cassava powder, 1-2 parts of pond sludge and 100-150 parts of clear water are uniformly mixed, wherein the fineness of the pond sludge is 0.2-0.5 mm; the manufacturing method of the macerated straws comprises the following steps: mixing straws with clear water at a mass ratio of 1:15-18, heating to 40-45 deg.C, adding calcium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride, soaking for 20-30min, adding sweet potato starch 15-18% of straws, mixing, heating to 80-85 deg.C, maintaining the temperature for 40-50min, and taking out straws for use; the using amount of the calcium hydrophosphate is 8-11% of the mass of the straw, the using amount of the ammonium nitrate is 5-8% of the mass of the straw, and the using amount of the potassium chloride is 3-4% of the mass of the straw;
(3) planting of gastrodia elata
Digging out planting boxes with the length, width and depth of 1m multiplied by 0.15m under the forest, wherein the distance between every two planting boxes is 0.5-0.6m, orderly stacking green periploca in the planting boxes, filling Chinese chestnut fragments in gaps of the green periploca, treading tightly with feet, spraying biogas slurry which is 500 times diluted by 300 times on the surface, and spraying 150g of 100 times diluted biogas slurry in each box; then spraying attapulgite powder, wherein each box is sprayed with 50-80 g; sprinkling a layer of a mixture of Armillaria mellea and rotten leaves with a thickness of 1-1.5cm on the surface, placing 30-40 Gastrodia elata seeds on the surface, sprinkling germination bacteria after covering a layer of deposited leaves with a thickness of 1-2cm on the surface, and then covering fallen leaves with a thickness of 3-5 cm; the preparation method of the mixture of the armillaria mellea and the rotten leaves comprises the following steps: mixing 120 parts by mass of 100-broken-leaf dead branches, 10-15 parts by mass of sweet grasses and 30-50 parts by mass of fungus residues which are deposited for 2-3 years, crushing the mixture into powder with the fineness of 3-5mm, adding garden soil with the fineness of 1-2mm, uniformly stirring the mixture, adjusting the water content of the mixture to be 80-85%, naturally composting the mixture for 20-30 days, adding 10-12 parts by mass of armillaria mellea, and uniformly mixing the mixture:
(4) managing
Digging drainage ditches with the depth of 0.2-0.3m and the width of 0.2-0.3cm along the slope beside each planting box, planting nephrolepis fern on the side walls of the two sides of the drainage ditches, wherein the planting distance is 15-20 cm/plant, harvesting nephrolepis fern to ensure that the plant height is 5-8cm after the nephrolepis fern grows to 10-15cm, and cutting the cut residual nephrolepis fern into pieces and scattering the pieces on the surfaces of the planting boxes; the drainage of the drainage ditch is noticed when the rainy season comes.
Furthermore, the using amount of the aromatic fruit residues is 10-13% of the mass of the diluent.
Further, the water content of the mint straws is 50-60%.
Further, the alfalfa is a fresh plant at the flowering stage.
Further, the furnace ash is the ash left after the coal powder and the clay are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2-3:1 and then fired.
Further, the pH value of the bagasse is 3-4.
Further, the bone meal is prepared by mixing and crushing pig bones and chicken bones according to the mass ratio of 1: 3-5.
Further, the moisture content of the rape is 85-88%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical effects that:
according to the invention, through the steps of field arrangement and the like, the components such as the pomace, the water and fertilizer adsorbent, the attapulgite powder and the like are organically combined, so that the void degree of the soil is improved, the water and fertilizer absorption of the soil is promoted, the content of organic matters and mineral matters in the soil is enriched, and the propagation and growth of the added EM (effective microorganisms) are effectively promoted. The production of EM bacteria secretes viscous polysaccharide, promotes the combination of organic matters and mineral substances, further optimizes soil gaps, provides more space for water adsorption, and promotes the adsorption of ions to water. In addition, the growth of beneficial flora in the soil can promote the decomposition of deciduous dead branches, improve the content of soluble components in the soil, effectively promote the growth and the propagation of symbiotic bacteria of the gastrodia elata, and the gastrodia elata is added to absorb nutrition of wood, so that the gastrodia elata has a better growth environment and the quality of the gastrodia elata is improved.
According to the invention, a good material circulation system under the forest is formed by matching the gastrodia elata and the flora, and the nephrolepis planted in the drainage ditch to reinforce the drainage ditch, so that the drainage efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the growth of the nephrolepis can further promote the reabsorption of water, and the stability of the gastrodia elata growth environment is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further defined below with reference to the specific embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.
Example 1
The compound gastrodia elata cultivation technology comprises the following steps:
(1) site arrangement
Diluting chlorothalonil 800 times in a forest with the gradient of 10 degrees and the light transmittance of 35 percent, adding aromatic fruit residues, uniformly stirring, spraying the solution to the forest according to 8kg per mu, then spraying clear water in the forest every day, wherein the spraying amount is 3kg per mu, the spraying is carried out for 1 time every day, and the spraying is continuously carried out for 8 days; spreading water and fertilizer adsorbent in the forest, wherein the spreading amount is 50 kg/mu; spraying probiotic culture solution in the forest 2 times per day for 2 days; the preparation method of the aromatic fruit residues comprises the following steps: mixing 23 parts by mass of lemon peel, 15 parts by mass of orange peel, 20 parts by mass of banana peel, 10 parts by mass of alfalfa and 20 parts by mass of mint straw, cutting the mixture into powder with the fineness of 1cm, putting the powder into a beater, processing the powder into pulp, and carrying out colloid milling on the obtained pulp for 2 times to obtain the aromatic fruit residues, wherein the using amount of the aromatic fruit residues is 10% of the mass of the diluent; the water content of the mint straws is 50%; the alfalfa is a fresh plant in the flowering period; the preparation method of the water and fertilizer adsorbent comprises the following steps: mixing 80 parts of furnace dust, 10 parts of bamboo charcoal powder and 20 parts of bentonite in parts by mass, adding 500 parts of biogas slurry diluted by 30 times, soaking for 20 days, adding 80 parts of corn straw powder and 121 parts of bagasse, mixing, and extruding at 120 ℃ to obtain particles with the particle size of 2 mm; the furnace ash is the ash left after the coal powder and the clay are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:1 and then fired; the bagasse has a pH of 3; the preparation method of the probiotic culture solution comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 10 parts of potato starch, 2 parts of bone meal, 5 parts of bean dregs, 10 parts of rice bran, 15 parts of rape and 30 parts of apple dregs in parts by mass, pulping, adding 200 parts of clear water, heating to 150 ℃, preserving heat for 15min, naturally cooling, adding aspergillus oryzae, and fermenting at 25 ℃ for 15 h; then adding 10 parts of EM bacterial liquid and 800 parts of clear water and mixing uniformly; the bone meal is prepared by mixing and crushing pig bones and chicken bones according to the mass ratio of 1: 3; the water content of the rape is 85 percent;
(2) preparation of mushroom material
Collecting the green barberry and Chinese chestnut branches, exposing the green barberry and Chinese chestnut branches in the sun for 8 days, processing the wood into wood sections with the length of 20cm, collecting and vertically placing the wood sections in a large cylinder, adding organic fertilizer diluent into the large cylinder to completely immerse the wood sections, sealing the opening of the large cylinder with plastic paper, and soaking for 5 days; taking out the wood segments, standing in an environment with humidity of 65% and temperature of 20 ℃ for 3 days, vertically splitting the green periploca mollis into two halves, binding the split green periploca mollis along splitting traces by using softened straws, and chopping Chinese chestnut branches into powder with fineness of 2 cm; the preparation method of the organic fertilizer diluent comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 11 parts of decomposed excrement, 3 parts of cassava flour, 1 part of pond sludge and 100 parts of clear water in parts by mass, wherein the fineness of the pond sludge is 0.2 mm; the manufacturing method of the macerated straws comprises the following steps: mixing straws and clear water according to a mass ratio of 1:15, heating to 40 ℃, adding calcium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride, soaking for 20min, adding sweet potato starch accounting for 15% of the mass of the straws, uniformly mixing, heating to 80 ℃, preserving heat for 40min, and taking out the straws for use after the temperature is reduced; the using amount of the calcium hydrophosphate is 8 percent of the mass of the straw, the using amount of the ammonium nitrate is 5 percent of the mass of the straw, and the using amount of the potassium chloride is 3 percent of the mass of the straw;
(3) planting of gastrodia elata
Digging planting boxes with the length, width and depth of 1m multiplied by 0.15m under the forest, wherein the distance between every two planting boxes is 0.5m, orderly stacking green periploca mollis in the planting boxes, filling Chinese chestnut powder in gaps of the green periploca mollis, treading tightly with feet, spraying biogas slurry diluted by 300 times on the surface, and spraying 100g of biogas slurry in each box; then spraying attapulgite powder, wherein each box is sprayed with 50 g; spreading a layer of a mixture of Armillaria mellea and rotten leaves with a thickness of 1cm on the surface, placing 30 Gastrodia elata seeds on the surface, covering a layer of 1cm deposited leaves on the surface, spreading germination bacteria, and covering 3cm fallen leaves; the preparation method of the mixture of the armillaria mellea and the rotten leaves comprises the following steps: mixing 100 parts of fallen leaf dead branches, 10 parts of sweet elephant grass and 30 parts of mushroom dregs which are deposited for 2 years in parts by mass, crushing the mixture into powder with the fineness of 3mm, adding garden soil with the fineness of 1mm, stirring the mixture uniformly, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 80 percent, naturally composting the mixture for 20 days, adding 10 parts of armillaria mellea, and uniformly mixing the mixture:
(4) managing
Digging drainage ditches with the depth of 0.2m and the width of 0.2cm along the slope beside each planting box, planting nephrolepis on the side walls of two sides in the drainage ditches, wherein the planting distance is 15 cm/plant, harvesting nephrolepis to make the plant height be 5cm after the nephrolepis grows to 10cm, and cutting the cut residual nephrolepis into pieces and scattering the pieces on the surfaces of the planting boxes; the drainage of the drainage ditch is noticed when the rainy season comes.
Example 2
The compound gastrodia elata cultivation technology comprises the following steps:
(1) site arrangement
Diluting chlorothalonil 1500 times in a forest with a gradient of 20 degrees and a light transmittance of 45 percent, adding aromatic fruit residues, stirring uniformly, spraying the solution to the forest according to 10kg per mu, then spraying clear water to the forest every day, wherein the spraying amount is 5kg per mu, the spraying is carried out for 2 times every day, and the spraying is continuously carried out for 10 days; spreading water and fertilizer adsorbent in the forest, wherein the spreading amount is 80 kg/mu; spraying probiotic culture solution in the forest 3 times per day for 3 days; the preparation method of the aromatic fruit residues comprises the following steps: mixing 36 parts by mass of lemon peel, 18 parts by mass of orange peel, 50 parts by mass of banana peel, 13 parts by mass of alfalfa and 25 parts by mass of mint straw, cutting the mixture into powder with the fineness of 1.4cm, putting the powder into a beater, processing the powder into pulp, and performing colloid milling on the obtained pulp for 3 times to obtain the aromatic fruit residues, wherein the using amount of the aromatic fruit residues is 13% of the mass of the diluent; the water content of the mint straws is 60%; the alfalfa is a fresh plant in the flowering period; the preparation method of the water and fertilizer adsorbent comprises the following steps: mixing 100 parts of furnace ash, 12 parts of bamboo charcoal powder and 30 parts of bentonite in parts by mass, adding 600 parts of biogas slurry diluted by 50 times, soaking for 30 days, adding 100 parts of corn straw powder and 133 parts of bagasse, mixing, and extruding at 130 ℃ to obtain particles with the particle size of 4 mm; the furnace ash is the ash left after the coal powder and the clay are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3:1 and then fired; the bagasse is at pH 4; the preparation method of the probiotic culture solution comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 13 parts of potato starch, 5 parts of bone meal, 8 parts of bean dregs, 15 parts of rice bran, 24 parts of rape and 50 parts of apple dregs in parts by mass, pulping, adding 300 parts of clear water, heating to 160 ℃, preserving heat for 20min, naturally cooling, adding aspergillus oryzae, and fermenting at 28 ℃ for 20 h; then adding 15 parts of EM bacterial liquid and 1000 parts of clear water and mixing uniformly; the bone meal is prepared by mixing and crushing pig bones and chicken bones according to the mass ratio of 1: 5; the water content of the rape is 88 percent;
(2) preparation of mushroom material
Collecting the green barberry and Chinese chestnut branches, exposing the green barberry and Chinese chestnut branches in the sun for 10 days, processing the wood into wood sections with the length of 25cm, collecting and vertically placing the wood sections in a large cylinder, adding organic fertilizer diluent into the large cylinder to completely immerse the wood sections, sealing the opening of the large cylinder with plastic paper, and soaking for 8 days; taking out the wood segments, standing for 5 days in an environment with humidity of 70% and temperature of 25 ℃, vertically splitting the green periploca mollis into two halves, binding the split green periploca mollis along splitting traces by using softened straws, and cutting Chinese chestnut branches into 3 cm-fineness powder; the preparation method of the organic fertilizer diluent comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 13 parts of decomposed excrement, 5 parts of cassava flour, 2 parts of pond sludge and 150 parts of clear water in parts by mass, wherein the fineness of the pond sludge is 0.5 mm; the manufacturing method of the macerated straws comprises the following steps: mixing straws and clear water according to a mass ratio of 1:18, heating to 45 ℃, adding calcium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride, soaking for 30min, adding sweet potato starch accounting for 18% of the mass of the straws, uniformly mixing, heating to 85 ℃, preserving heat for 50min, and taking out the straws for use after the temperature is reduced; the using amount of the calcium hydrophosphate is 11 percent of the mass of the straw, the using amount of the ammonium nitrate is 8 percent of the mass of the straw, and the using amount of the potassium chloride is 4 percent of the mass of the straw;
(3) planting of gastrodia elata
Digging planting boxes with the length, width and depth of 1m multiplied by 0.15m under the forest, wherein the distance between every two planting boxes is 0.6m, orderly stacking green periploca mollis in the planting boxes, filling Chinese chestnut powder in gaps of the green periploca mollis, treading tightly with feet, spraying biogas slurry diluted by 500 times on the surface, and spraying 150g in each box; then spraying the attapulgite powder, wherein each box is sprayed with 80 g; spraying a layer of a mixture of Armillaria mellea and rotten leaves with the thickness of 1.5cm on the surface, placing 40 Gastrodia elata seeds on the surface, covering a layer of 2cm deposited leaves on the surface, spraying germination bacteria, and covering 5cm thick fallen leaves; the preparation method of the mixture of the armillaria mellea and the rotten leaves comprises the following steps: mixing 120 parts of fallen leaf dead branches, 15 parts of sweet elephant grass and 50 parts of mushroom dregs which are deposited for 3 years in parts by mass, crushing the mixture into powder with the fineness of 5mm, adding garden soil with the fineness of 2mm, stirring the mixture uniformly, adjusting the water content of the mixture to be 85 percent, naturally composting the mixture for 30 days, adding 12 parts of armillaria mellea, and uniformly mixing the mixture:
(4) managing
Digging drainage ditches with the depth of 0.3m and the width of 0.3cm along the slope beside each planting box, planting nephrolepis fern on the side walls of two sides in the drainage ditches at the planting interval of 20 cm/plant, harvesting the nephrolepis fern to enable the plant height to be 8cm after the nephrolepis fern grows to 15cm, and cutting the cut residual nephrolepis fern plants and scattering the cut residual nephrolepis fern plants on the surfaces of the planting boxes; the drainage of the drainage ditch is noticed when the rainy season comes.
Example 3
The compound gastrodia elata cultivation technology comprises the following steps:
(1) site arrangement
Diluting chlorothalonil 900 times in a forest with the gradient of 14 degrees and the light transmittance of 38 percent, adding aromatic fruit residues, uniformly stirring, spraying the solution to the forest according to 9kg per mu, then spraying clear water in the forest every day, wherein the spraying amount is 4kg per mu, the spraying is carried out for 2 times every day, and the spraying is continuously carried out for 10 days; spreading water and fertilizer adsorbent in the forest, wherein the spreading amount is 80 kg/mu; spraying probiotic culture solution in the forest 2 times per day for 2 days; the preparation method of the aromatic fruit residues comprises the following steps: mixing 23 parts by mass of lemon peel, 15 parts by mass of orange peel, 20 parts by mass of banana peel, 10 parts by mass of alfalfa and 25 parts by mass of mint straw, cutting the mixture into powder with the fineness of 1.4cm, putting the powder into a beater, processing the powder into pulp, and performing colloid milling on the obtained pulp for 3 times to obtain the aromatic fruit residues, wherein the using amount of the aromatic fruit residues is 13% of the mass of the diluent; the water content of the mint straws is 60%; the alfalfa is a fresh plant in the flowering period; the preparation method of the water and fertilizer adsorbent comprises the following steps: mixing 80 parts of furnace dust, 12 parts of bamboo charcoal powder and 20 parts of bentonite in parts by mass, adding 600 parts of biogas slurry diluted by 50 times, soaking for 30 days, adding 100 parts of corn straw powder and 133 parts of bagasse, mixing, and extruding at 120 ℃ to obtain particles with the particle size of 2 mm; the furnace ash is the ash left after the coal powder and the clay are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:1 and then fired; the bagasse has a pH of 3; the preparation method of the probiotic culture solution comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 13 parts of potato starch, 5 parts of bone meal, 8 parts of bean dregs, 15 parts of rice bran, 15 parts of rape and 30 parts of apple dregs in parts by mass, pulping, adding 300 parts of clear water, heating to 160 ℃, preserving heat for 20min, naturally cooling, adding aspergillus oryzae, and fermenting at 28 ℃ for 15 h; then adding 15 parts of EM bacterial liquid and 800 parts of clear water and mixing uniformly; the bone meal is prepared by mixing and crushing pig bones and chicken bones according to the mass ratio of 1: 5; the water content of the rape is 88 percent;
(2) preparation of mushroom material
Collecting the green barberry and Chinese chestnut branches, exposing the green barberry and Chinese chestnut branches in the sun for 10 days, processing the wood into wood sections with the length of 25cm, collecting and vertically placing the wood sections in a large cylinder, adding organic fertilizer diluent into the large cylinder to completely immerse the wood sections, sealing the opening of the large cylinder with plastic paper, and soaking for 8 days; taking out the wood segments, standing for 5 days in an environment with humidity of 65% and temperature of 25 ℃, vertically splitting the green periploca mollis into two halves, binding the split green periploca mollis along splitting traces by using softened straws, and cutting Chinese chestnut branches into 3 cm-fineness powder; the preparation method of the organic fertilizer diluent comprises the following steps: according to the mass parts, 11 parts of decomposed manure, 3 parts of cassava flour, 2 parts of pond sludge and 150 parts of clear water are uniformly mixed, and the fineness of the pond sludge is 0.5 mm; the manufacturing method of the macerated straws comprises the following steps: mixing straws and clear water according to a mass ratio of 1:18, heating to 45 ℃, adding calcium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride, soaking for 30min, adding sweet potato starch accounting for 18% of the mass of the straws, uniformly mixing, heating to 85 ℃, preserving heat for 50min, and taking out the straws for use after the temperature is reduced; the using amount of the calcium hydrophosphate is 8 percent of the mass of the straw, the using amount of the ammonium nitrate is 5 percent of the mass of the straw, and the using amount of the potassium chloride is 4 percent of the mass of the straw;
(3) planting of gastrodia elata
Digging planting boxes with the length, width and depth of 1m multiplied by 0.15m under the forest, wherein the distance between every two planting boxes is 0.6m, orderly stacking green periploca mollis in the planting boxes, filling Chinese chestnut powder in gaps of the green periploca mollis, treading tightly with feet, spraying biogas slurry diluted by 500 times on the surface, and spraying 100g of biogas slurry in each box; then spraying the attapulgite powder, wherein each box is sprayed with 80 g; spraying a layer of a mixture of Armillaria mellea and rotten leaves with the thickness of 1.5cm on the surface, placing 40 Gastrodia elata seeds on the surface, covering a layer of 1cm deposited leaves on the surface, spraying germination bacteria, and covering 5cm thick fallen leaves; the preparation method of the mixture of the armillaria mellea and the rotten leaves comprises the following steps: mixing 120 parts of fallen leaf dead branches, 15 parts of sweet elephant grass and 30 parts of mushroom dregs which are deposited for 3 years in parts by mass, crushing the mixture into powder with the fineness of 5mm, adding garden soil with the fineness of 2mm, stirring the mixture uniformly, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 80 percent, naturally composting the mixture for 30 days, adding 12 parts of armillaria mellea, and uniformly mixing the mixture:
(4) managing
Digging drainage ditches with the depth of 0.2m and the width of 0.3cm along the slope beside each planting box, planting nephrolepis on the side walls of two sides in the drainage ditches, wherein the planting distance is 20 cm/plant, harvesting nephrolepis to make the plant height be 5cm after the nephrolepis grows to 15cm, and cutting the cut residual nephrolepis to be scattered on the surfaces of the planting boxes; the drainage of the drainage ditch is noticed when the rainy season comes.
To verify the inventive scheme, the following comparative examples were set up:
Figure BDA0002977889540000111
test examples
Establishing countryside in Qianxian county, selecting soil under forest with similar soil property, and planting rhizoma Gastrodiae according to examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-7 respectively; the gastrodia elata planted in the prior art is used as a comparative example 8, and the specific operation refers to CN 201610492144.2; after planting in rainy season, collecting soil once every 5h after 7 middle-ten days of rain, continuously collecting for 5 times, wherein the soil collection part is a planting root of gastrodia elata, and counting the moisture change degree, as shown in the following table 1; after the gastrodia elata is collected, the nutritional ingredients of the gastrodia elata are counted and shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 soil moisture statistics
Figure BDA0002977889540000112
It can be seen from the table that, during the initial measurement of the 1 st time, because the moisture contents of the components are close after rain, the 2 nd time begins, the moisture contents of the examples 1 to 3 gradually decrease and tend to a stable value, which is more than 50%, and the moisture contents slightly increase in the subsequent two times, which reflects that the soil in the examples 1 to 3 contains abundant water-absorbing carriers and enough gaps are hydrophobic, so that the moisture content of the soil can rapidly decrease after rain, and the moisture under the upper slope can be adsorbed after the subsequent moisture is discharged to improve the moisture content, so that the moisture of the soil is in the elastic change of the interval where the gastrodia elata is suitable for growth. In comparative examples 1 to 7, the water loss was fast and low due to insufficient adsorption substrate, and in comparative example 8, the water storage was low, and the water retention effect was weaker than in examples 1 to 3.
TABLE 2 rhizoma Gastrodiae Nutrition content
Iron (mg/100g) Calcium (mg/100g) Protein (g/100g)
Example 1 1.66 22.62 2.24
Example 2 1.70 21.54 2.13
Example 3 1.73 23.67 2.09
Comparative example 1 1.51 17.14 1.77
Comparative example 2 1.44 18.08 1.65
Comparative example 3 1.38 16.56 1.82
Comparative example 4 1.48 17.56 1.73
Comparative example 5 1.54 19.74 1.60
Comparative example 6 1.42 16.72 1.64
Comparative example 7 1.51 18.15 1.59
Comparative example 8 1.37 14.60 1.38
As can be seen from the table, the iron, calcium and protein contents of the gastrodia elata planted in the examples 1-3 are obviously higher than those of the gastrodia elata planted in the comparative examples 1-7, and the content of the gastrodia elata planted in the comparative example 8 is the lowest, so that the method disclosed by the invention has an obvious effect of improving the quality of the gastrodia elata.

Claims (8)

1. The compound cultivation technology for gastrodia elata is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) site arrangement
Diluting chlorothalonil by 1500 times of 800 times in forests with gradient of 10-20 degrees and light transmittance of 35-45 percent, adding aromatic fruit residues, uniformly stirring, spraying the solution to the forests according to 8-10kg per mu, then spraying clear water in the forests every day, wherein the spraying amount is 3-5kg per mu, the spraying is carried out for 1-2 times every day, and the spraying is continuously carried out for 8-10 days; spreading water and fertilizer adsorbent in the forest at a spreading amount of 50-80 kg/mu; spraying probiotic culture solution in the forest 2-3 days later, spraying for 2-3 times per day, and continuously spraying for 2-3 days; the preparation method of the aromatic fruit residues comprises the following steps: mixing 23-36 parts by mass of lemon peel, 15-18 parts by mass of citrus peel, 20-50 parts by mass of banana peel, 10-13 parts by mass of alfalfa and 20-25 parts by mass of mint straw, cutting into powder with the fineness of 1-1.4cm, putting the powder into a beater, processing into pulp, and carrying out colloid milling on the obtained pulp for 2-3 times to obtain the aromatic fruit residues; the preparation method of the water and fertilizer adsorbent comprises the following steps: mixing 80-100 parts of furnace ash, 10-12 parts of bamboo charcoal powder and 20-30 parts of bentonite in parts by mass, adding 500-600 parts of biogas slurry diluted by 30-50 times, soaking for 20-30 days, adding 80-100 parts of corn straw powder and 121-133 parts of bagasse, mixing, and extruding into particles with the particle size of 2-4mm at the temperature of 120-130 ℃; the preparation method of the probiotic culture solution comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 10-13 parts of potato starch, 2-5 parts of bone meal, 5-8 parts of bean dregs, 10-15 parts of rice bran, 15-24 parts of rape and 30-50 parts of apple dregs in parts by mass, pulping, adding 300 parts of clean water, heating to 160 ℃ with 150 ℃ and preserving heat for 15-20min, naturally cooling, adding aspergillus oryzae, and fermenting at 25-28 ℃ for 15-20 h; then adding 10-15 parts of EM bacterial liquid and 800-1000 parts of clear water and uniformly mixing;
(2) preparation of mushroom material
Collecting the green periploca mollis and Chinese chestnut branches under the sun to be exposed for 8-10 days, processing the wood into wood sections with the length of 20-25cm, collecting and vertically placing the wood sections in a large jar, adding organic fertilizer diluent into the large jar to completely immerse the wood sections, sealing the opening of the large jar with plastic paper, and soaking for 5-8 days; taking out the wood segments, standing in an environment with humidity of 65-70% and temperature of 20-25 deg.C for 3-5 days, vertically splitting the green periploca mollis into two halves, binding the split green periploca mollis along the split trace with softened straw, and cutting the chestnut branches into 2-3 cm-fine pieces; the preparation method of the organic fertilizer diluent comprises the following steps: according to the mass parts, 11-13 parts of decomposed manure, 3-5 parts of cassava powder, 1-2 parts of pond sludge and 100-150 parts of clear water are uniformly mixed, wherein the fineness of the pond sludge is 0.2-0.5 mm; the manufacturing method of the macerated straws comprises the following steps: mixing straws with clear water at a mass ratio of 1:15-18, heating to 40-45 deg.C, adding calcium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride, soaking for 20-30min, adding sweet potato starch 15-18% of straws, mixing, heating to 80-85 deg.C, maintaining the temperature for 40-50min, and taking out straws for use; the using amount of the calcium hydrophosphate is 8-11% of the mass of the straw, the using amount of the ammonium nitrate is 5-8% of the mass of the straw, and the using amount of the potassium chloride is 3-4% of the mass of the straw;
(3) planting of gastrodia elata
Digging out planting boxes with the length, width and depth of 1m multiplied by 0.15m under the forest, wherein the distance between every two planting boxes is 0.5-0.6m, orderly stacking green periploca in the planting boxes, filling Chinese chestnut fragments in gaps of the green periploca, treading tightly with feet, spraying biogas slurry which is 500 times diluted by 300 times on the surface, and spraying 150g of 100 times diluted biogas slurry in each box; then spraying attapulgite powder, wherein each box is sprayed with 50-80 g; sprinkling a layer of a mixture of Armillaria mellea and rotten leaves with a thickness of 1-1.5cm on the surface, placing 30-40 Gastrodia elata seeds on the surface, sprinkling germination bacteria after covering a layer of deposited leaves with a thickness of 1-2cm on the surface, and then covering fallen leaves with a thickness of 3-5 cm; the preparation method of the mixture of the armillaria mellea and the rotten leaves comprises the following steps: mixing 120 parts by mass of 100-broken-leaf dead branches, 10-15 parts by mass of sweet grasses and 30-50 parts by mass of fungus residues which are deposited for 2-3 years, crushing the mixture into powder with the fineness of 3-5mm, adding garden soil with the fineness of 1-2mm, uniformly stirring the mixture, adjusting the water content of the mixture to be 80-85%, naturally composting the mixture for 20-30 days, adding 10-12 parts by mass of armillaria mellea, and uniformly mixing the mixture:
(4) managing
Digging drainage ditches with the depth of 0.2-0.3m and the width of 0.2-0.3cm along the slope beside each planting box, planting nephrolepis fern on the side walls of the two sides of the drainage ditches, wherein the planting distance is 15-20 cm/plant, harvesting nephrolepis fern to ensure that the plant height is 5-8cm after the nephrolepis fern grows to 10-15cm, and cutting the cut residual nephrolepis fern into pieces and scattering the pieces on the surfaces of the planting boxes; the drainage of the drainage ditch is noticed when the rainy season comes.
2. The compound cultivation technology for gastrodia elata according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the aromatic pomace is 10-13% of the mass of the diluent.
3. The compound cultivation technology for gastrodia elata according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the mint straws is 50-60%.
4. The compound cultivation technique for gastrodia elata according to claim 1, wherein the alfalfa is a fresh plant in a flowering period.
5. The compound cultivation technology for gastrodia elata according to claim 1, wherein the furnace ash is ash left after coal dust and clay are mixed according to a mass ratio of 2-3:1 and then fired.
6. The compound cultivation technology for gastrodia elata according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the bagasse is 3-4.
7. The compound cultivation technology for gastrodia elata according to claim 1, wherein the bone meal is prepared by mixing and crushing pig bones and chicken bones according to a mass ratio of 1: 3-5.
8. The compound cultivation technique for Gastrodia elata Blume as claimed in claim 5, wherein the water content of said rape is 85-88%.
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