CN105875178A - Cultivation method imitating wild conditions for Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. Chow - Google Patents
Cultivation method imitating wild conditions for Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. Chow Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method imitating wild conditions for Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. Chow, relating to the technical field of planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and comprising the following steps: (1) selection of tree species; (2) material preparation: a, Armillaria mellea: digging wild Armillaria mellea rhizomorph or stubs and roots overgrown with wild Armillaria mellea hyphae, chopping the stubs and roots into wood blocks as wild Armillaria mellea fungal wood blocks; (3) breeding; (4) preparation of fungal sticks; (5) culture of a fungal bed: a, material preparation: selecting the tree species in the step 1, cutting the tree species 20-30d in advance, drying the tree species in the sun to dehydrate the tree species for 30%; b, land selection; c, soil preparation; d, land preparation; e, pit digging; f, loading of the fungal bed; (6) seeding; (7) management: a, thinning, reseeding, bag removing, earth backing; b, ditch cleaning, draining, drought prevention, light adjusting; c, disease and insect damage prevention and control; and (8) excavation and nutrition supplementing. The method is executed in a vacant field in the forest for planting, adopts wild Armillaria mellea for accompanying planting, and provides the optimal growing environment for the Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. Chow through fine management, thereby providing a basis for high yield and high quality of Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. Chow.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Chinese medicine planting technology field, be specifically related to a kind of gastrodia elata f. glauca pseudo-wild cultivating method.
Background technology
Gastrodia elata f. glauca, is a kind of orchid Gastrodia, also known as crow bar rhizoma Gastrodiae, because of stem tuber crow brown, scape deep red look, green or bottle green is spent to gain the name, medicinal Main Ingredients and Appearance gastrodin content high and belong in rhizoma Gastrodiae kind top grade, primary growth is in the high and cold forest zone of height above sea level 1500 ~ 2000m.Being affected and resource artificial destruction by global warming rising, existing whole nation wild resource is few, and yield drastically reduces, and is taken in endangered species register by the world.Gastrodia elata f. glauca tillering propagation ability is high not as good as red rhizoma Gastrodiae, and always plantation yields poorly, and every square metre is produced fiber crops 2 ~ 4 jin, do not paid attention to by rhizoma Gastrodiae grower.But when it be observed that investigation wild resource, finding in some particular surroundings, gastrodia elata f. glauca can reach optimum growh state, and every square metre also can be produced several 10 jin of fiber crops, and this just illustrates that the yield of gastrodia elata f. glauca also has the biggest room for promotion.And find out the growth rhythm of gastrodia elata f. glauca, create suitable environment, improve cultivation technique be people in the urgent need to, and then break the bottleneck problem that gastrodia elata f. glauca yields poorly, thus improve medicinal efficacy and the market price of gastrodia elata f. glauca, increase medicinal herb grower's income.
Summary of the invention
The invention is intended to provide the cultivating technology of a kind of gastrodia elata f. glauca, to solve gastrodia elata f. glauca and yield poorly, problem that drug effect is low.
Gastrodia elata f. glauca pseudo-wild cultivating method in this programme, comprises the following steps:
1) Tree Species Selection: select blue or green thick stick, Chinese chestnut, lion grain, monkey grain or seven tree any one or more as seeds；
2) get the raw materials ready: a, halimasch: take wild halimasch shoestring or cover with the stub of wild halimasch mycelia, tree root work cultivation Armillaria mellea；B, Germination Strain；C, leaf fragment: step 1 selects the leaf of seeds be cut into leaf fragment standby；D, matrix: the earth taking sylvan life below soil layer 50cm is mixed to prepare with leaf fragment or saw foam according to the ratio of 1:3；
3) breeding: a, seed selection: selecting the arrow fiber crops of the wild gastrodia elata f. glauca of weight 150 ~ 400g to plant, be put in field overwintering and freeze dormancy through frost and snow, February next year, taking-up was planted in greenhouse；B, breeding: case is planted or potted plant, fills out in railway carriage or compartment with the wet sand that humidity is 50%, plantation fiber crops, cover film heat and moisture preserving, breeding phase holding constant temperature 20 ~ 25 DEG C, throw off film during height of seedling 40cm；C, seed collecting of pollinating: Post flowering, use parent's different strain hybridization, every morning 10:00 ~ 12:00 pollination, spends listless rear the first day of the lunar month fruit gradually to expand, and hand pinches loose can harvesting, with adopting with mixing；D, mix and broadcast: Germination Strain is torn up, pinch brokenly north fruit, seed is spread and mixes on Germination Strain, stir；
4) preparation of bacterium branch: carry out 2 ~ April or 7 ~ September, go to shed leaves by the branch of below diameter 10cm seeds, it is chopped to the sections of 5 ~ 10cm length, airing 10 ~ 15d, slough 40 ~ 50% moisture content and make bacterium branch, being evened out by sylvan life damp ground, spread last layer broad leaf tree leaf, lay thick layer is the bacterium branch of 1 ~ 2cm；At the both sides of bacterium branch and section uniform dispenser wild halimasch shoestring or wild halimasch bacterium wooden unit, spread the thick step 2 of one layer of 1 ~ 2cm) the middle matrix prepared, repave according to upper method put the second layer, third layer, the 4th layer, 4th layer of top covers the matrix that 3 ~ 5cm is thick, puts up dry branches and fallen leaves weeds and shelter from heat or light moisturizing in matrix；
5) bacterium bed is cultivated:
A, standby material: select the seeds in step 1), 20 ~ 30d felling in advance, airing makes seeds dehydration 30%, the trunk of diameter 10 ~ 15cm being sawn into the sections of 20cm length or the trunk of more than diameter 15cm splits the sections being broked into 2 ~ 4 pieces of belt leathers as main material, main material is cut and is deep to xylem and forms 4 ~ 6 fish scale mouths；The branch of diameter 3 ~ 10cm is chopped to the sections of 10cm length and makees to connect material；The branch of below diameter 3cm is chopped to the broken joint of 2 ~ 3cm length and fills a vacancy material；
B, selection of land: select height above sea level 1400 ~ 1800m, east, south, west to and sylvan life hillside fields that the gradient is 25 ~ 50 °, sylvan life light transmittance 40 ~ 60%；
C, soil: choosing loosens the humus layer thickness under ventilative, the sandy loam of moisturizing Li Shui or yellowish soil, PH5 ~ 6, forest land less than 2cm；
D, whole: to strike off the residual weak Mi Shu in ground, tendril weeds, dragging for clean dry branches and fallen leaves, to amass heap stand-by；
E, Wa Jiao: dig little Jiao along slope stringer, store long 80cm, wide 60cm, deep 6 ~ 10cm, stores spacing 20cm, line space 50cm, stays the gutter of a wide 100cm every 5 ~ 10m；
F, dress bacterium bed: pine 2 ~ 4cm, one layer of 2 ~ 3cm step 2 of dispenser are dug in the bottom at little cellar for storing things) the leaf fragment prepared, discharges main material, puts 6 ~ 9 joints along slope is vertical, split brokenly wooden unit by cortex down, gap 5 ~ 6cm；Spreading matrix in gap and fill out the space of 50%, tiltedly put in fish scale mouth and gap by cultured bacterium branch, 24 ~ 30 joints are put at each little cellar for storing things；The gap of main material is spread one layer of material of filling a vacancy again, often stores 1kg, cover matrix, then cover woven bag, bag spreads earth, the most again lid deadwood, fallen leaves, weeds moisture-heat preservation；
6) sowing: remove the covering on bacterium bed, open woven bag, main material is broken pine, the Germination Strain block mixing upper seed in step 3) is put in the space of main material two section part and main material, spread one layer of broad leaf tree leaf, connection material is put again every 10cm in space, often store 20 ~ 25 joints, spread layer of mud soil, reply woven bag and corner is compressed, again earth shovel is sprinkling upon on woven bag, thickness 3 ~ 5cm；The railway carriage or compartment ditch of the logical deep 5 ~ 10cm of reason, makes often to go little cellar for storing things to connect into railway carriage or compartment, face, railway carriage or compartment repaves lid deadwood, fallen leaves or weeds moisturizing；
7) management:
A, thinning are reseeded, are removed a bag earth backing: after October, and rhizoma Gastrodiae has shaped dormancy, pulls face, railway carriage or compartment covering out, take woven bag off, check that kind of a dilute density for fiber crops, overstocked taking-up part rhizoma Gastrodiae are mended and planted in sparse place, then earthing 2 ~ 4cm is thick, has managed railway carriage or compartment ditch, has covered deadwood, fallen leaves, weeds；
B, ditch cleaning draining, light modulation of taking precautions against drought: check gutter and railway carriage or compartment ditch, find blocking, clear up in time, it is ensured that have water i.e. to arrange, the arid time is long, cuts face, green grass lid railway carriage or compartment；The later stage woods are flourishing, affect printing opacity, remove the close branch of 1/3；
C, pest and disease damage: disease: with fresh bacterium material when cultivating bacterium bed, river sand that matrix is pure and leaf fragment；Insect pest: cultivate bacterium bed time little cellar for storing things bottom, sowing time railway carriage or compartment ditch and gutter in spread phoxim；
8) excavate, supplement the nutrients: after plantation, Second Year is time spring excavates winter, the 3rd year, only takes arrow fiber crops, retains hoary hair fiber crops and rice fiber crops, and green lumber section 25 ~ 30 joint adding diameter 6 ~ 10cm, long 20cm at former cellar for storing things supplements the nutrients, and earthing is kept intact.
The benefit of this kind of operation is the symbiosis not destroying kind of fiber crops with halimasch, suitably supplement the nutrients and can make rhizoma Gastrodiae energy normal growth plus original bacterium material, timber resources can be made full use of, this operation can continue three generations's (i.e. excavating 3 years), plant fiber crops after three generations to degenerate, it is necessary to all dig out, arrow fiber crops, hoary hair fiber crops processing dry product the most comprehensively, rice fiber crops are all eliminated can not remake kind, it is to avoid impact kind source quality.
Arrow fiber crops of the present invention are the Gastrodia Elata Stem Tuber with terminal flower stem eye；Hoary hair fiber crops of the present invention are the secondary tuberization that top has growth cone (promeristem)；Rice fiber crops of the present invention are the length hoary hair fiber crops at below 1cm.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: 1, this method is to plant in sylvan life vacant lot, and the seeds after felling are all being fully utilized to leaf from trunk to branch, have saved timber resources and land resource；Carry out chesson by whole, promote the fast-growth of trees, after 3 ~ 5 years again can intermediate cutting plantation, both promoted ecological environment, created again cyclicity solid ecological agriculture.
2, the wild halimasch excavating the sylvan life of the wild place of production cultivates bacterium bed, bacterium material companion kind, and two intergrowth of species affinity are high, it is achieved the means of imitating wild planting；Wild halimasch fructification is intensive grows thickly, and umbrella handle is sturdy, the nearly umbrella of collarium, initial stage milky, aging crow brown, mycelium milky, and leaching is raw to stub；Slabbing in the formation layer of tree root, the shoestring aging portion dark brown that stub, tree root are external, point cerise, thick shape diameter is up to 4 millimeters, branch extends long up to several meters, vitality and the strongest to dip-dye power, the decomposing force of timber, within 3 ~ 5 years, can all for timber nutrients be decomposed totally；This wild halimasch bacterial strain can be the sufficient nutrition that gastrodia elata f. glauca provides the long period, is the individual basic guarantee the most of fine quality of gastrodia elata f. glauca.
3, bacterium branch is cultivated and breeding is carried out simultaneously, the bacterium branch cultivated is put into bacterium bed, and direct ripe halimasch provides nutrition to gastrodia elata f. glauca, it is to avoid the phenomenon that when gastrodia elata f. glauca grows, nutrition does not catches up with occur, the excavating time of gastrodia elata f. glauca is greatly shortened, and then increases the income of medicinal herb grower.
Although 4, gastrodia elata f. glauca is after planting hoed up weeds without fertilising, but daily management can not be ignored, otherwise will have a strong impact on yield, even total crop failure: reseeded by thinning, remove a bag earth backing, ensure growing nutrient equilibrium in the gastrodia elata f. glauca of each bacterium bed, the bacterium bed that gastrodia elata f. glauca growth is the densest, part rhizoma Gastrodiae is added to the most sparse bacterium bed Lei, to realize the Appropriate application of halimasch in bacterium bed, and then increase the total yield；By ditch cleaning draining, light modulation of taking precautions against drought provides optimum humidity, temperature, the growing environment of light transmittance to the growth of gastrodia elata f. glauca；By the prevention to pest and disease damage, reduce the occurrence probability of the pest and disease damage of gastrodia elata f. glauca, and then improve yield and the quality of gastrodia elata f. glauca.
Further, in described step 3) after Germination Strain and seed mixing, load in polybag, sow after 2 ~ 3 days.Be conducive to improving the germination rate of seed.
Further, in step 4) every 100kg branch with wild halimasch shoestring 1kg or wild halimasch bacterium wooden unit 6kg.Reasonably it is equipped with the ratio of halimasch and timber, makes halimasch nutritional sufficiency without regard to waste branch.
Further, dispensing step 4), the operation filling bacterium material become in step 5): the directly wild halimasch shoestring of selection, first embed in fish scale mouth by part shoestring, tiltedly put connection branch section, then put the covering of some shoestrings in main material gap, often shoestring 0.1kg is used at cellar for storing things；
Further, dispense step 4), the operation filling bacterium material is become: select wild halimasch bacterium tree block, be sprinkling upon in main material fish scale mouth and gap, often store 1kg in step 5)；The gap of main material is spread one layer of material of filling a vacancy again, often stores 1kg, cover matrix, then cover woven bag, bag spreads earth, above at lid deadwood, fallen leaves, weeds moisture-heat preservation.
Further, after described step 6) is sowed 1 year, can outer at cellar for storing things sow, halimasch growth period one year, shoestring can grow under the outer dry branches and fallen leaves in cellar for storing things along with tree root, and dry branches and fallen leaves left by plane has seed dressing Germination Strain dispenser cellar for storing things foreign minister in the mud layer of shoestring, covers back dry branches and fallen leaves.
Further, described step 7) management time, owing to gastrodia elata f. glauca is planted in High aititude forest zone, it may occur that wild boar arch food phenomenon, at rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation week skirt fence, tractive red banners on fence, make wild boar see excessively chromatic colour and fear in plantation.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by detailed description of the invention, the present invention is further detailed explanation:
Embodiment 1: gastrodia elata f. glauca pseudo-wild cultivating method, comprises the following steps:
1) Tree Species Selection: select the blue or green thick stick that broad leaf tree Fagaceae oak belongs to as seeds.
2) get the raw materials ready: a, halimasch: take wild halimasch shoestring；B, Germination Strain: buy for outside；C, leaf fragment: the fresh leaf of blue or green thick stick is cut into leaf fragment standby；D, matrix: the earth taking sylvan life below soil layer 50cm is mixed to prepare with leaf fragment according to the ratio of 1:3.
3) breeding: a, seed selection: select weight 150g sturdy, plant without pest and disease damage, undamaged high-quality wild gastrodia elata f. glauca arrow fiber crops, being put in field overwintering and freeze dormancy through frost and snow, February next year, taking-up was planted in greenhouse, made greenhouse with brick or movable plank house, high 3 meters, wide 4 meters, depending on length is according to landform and fiber crops kind amount, ceiling light-proof material hides, guarantee that rain-tight is ventilative, ground is moistureproof Horizon, installs air-conditioning equipment, installs lamp circuit for artificial pollination.
B, breeding: case is planted, with brick case or flitch case processed, long 3 meters, wide 1 meter, high 0.3 meter, fill up in case with the wet fine sand of 50%, in plantation in February in beginning of spring fiber crops, every case 2 ~ 3 row, spacing in the rows 20cm, the degree of depth is to lose arrow bud for degree, cover film heat and moisture preserving；Running check, finds that case soil is dried, waters in right amount, but after starting to emerge, film bamboo block sagitta 60cm can not be beneficial to bolting too much in order to avoid rotten fiber crops, gastrodia elata f. glauca is emerged the most inconsistent, transplants seedlings during height of seedling 20cm, and residual weak strain is removed；With contour numb transplantation of seedlings to being easy to pollination of blooming together；Throwing off film during height of seedling 40cm, often water, duty is watered and is watered less, and the breeding phase keeps constant temperature 20 ~ 25 DEG C, throws off film during height of seedling 40cm.
C, pollination are collected seed: Post flowering, use parent's different strain hybridization, and every morning 10:00 ~ 12:00 is optimal pollination time, is exchanged with each other pollination, once a day in a strain pollen is chosen the spending of another strain；Greenhouse breeding can do sth. in advance to collect seed for 30 ~ 45 days than nature breeding, spends listless rear north fruit gradually to expand, and hand pinches loose can harvesting, with adopting with mixing.
D, mixing and broadcast: torn up by Germination Strain, pinch brokenly north fruit, seed is spread and mixes on Germination Strain, stir, every bag of Germination Strain, with north fruit 68, makes Germination Strain recover 23 days to sow in dress polybag, and convalescence is less than 6 days.The Germination Strain infecting miscellaneous bacteria never uses.
4) preparation of bacterium branch: carry out 2 ~ April, go to shed leaves by the branch of below diameter 10cm seeds, it is chopped to the sections of 5 ~ 10cm length, airing 10 ~ 15d, slough 40 ~ 50% moisture content and make bacterium branch, sylvan life damp ground is evened out, spread last layer broad leaf tree leaf, lay thick layer is the bacterium branch of 1 ~ 12cm, and every 100kg branch is with wild halimasch shoestring 1kg；At the uniform dispenser in the both sides of bacterium branch and section wild halimasch shoestring, spread the thick step 2 of one layer of 1 ~ 2cm) the middle matrix prepared, repave according to upper method put the second layer, third layer, the 4th layer, the 4th layer of top covers the matrix that 3 ~ 5cm is thick, puts up dry branches and fallen leaves weeds and shelter from heat or light moisturizing in matrix.
5) bacterium bed: a, standby material are cultivated: select the seeds in step 1,20 ~ 30d felling in advance, airing makes seeds dehydration 30%, the trunk of diameter 10 ~ 15cm is sawn into the sections of 20cm length or the trunk of more than diameter 15cm is split the sections being broked into 2 ~ 4 pieces of belt leathers, as main material, 4 ~ 6 the fish scale mouths being deep to xylem cut by main material；The branch of diameter 3 ~ 10cm is chopped to the sections of 10cm length and makees to connect material；The branch of below diameter 3cm is chopped to the broken joint of 2 ~ 3cm length and fills a vacancy material.
B, selection of land: height above sea level more low light transmission is the most cloudy, height above sea level more high-transmittance sun the most partially, height above sea level 1400 ~ 1800m is suitable height above sea level；Choosing east, south, west to hardwood forest under hillside fields, the gradient is 25 ~ 50 °, and sylvan life light transmittance is 40 ~ 60%, and coniferous forest should not be planted, because its coniferous tree leaf, tree root fat content height are difficult to be decomposed by halimasch, and produce the unfavorable rhizoma Gastrodiae of other miscellaneous bacteria grow；North orientation ground, smooth wetland should not be planted；The area that soil lacks uses flatly, takes high furrow to plant.
C, soil: loose ventilative, the sandy loam of moisturizing Li Shui of choosing or yellowish soil, PH5 ~ 6, humus layer thickness under forest land is less than 2cm, clay and the cultivated land planting crops should not plant gastrodia elata f. glauca, because the unfavorable water of clay is breathed freely, and cultivated land organic matter miscellaneous bacteria and chemical fertilizer, residues of pesticides are many, unfavorable gastrodia elata f. glauca grows；Humus layer under forest land is also unsuitable blocked up, is otherwise easily generated pest and disease damage, causes rotten fiber crops phenomenon.
D, whole: to strike off the residual weak Mi Shu in ground, tendril weeds, dragging for clean dry branches and fallen leaves, to amass heap stand-by.
E, Wa Jiao: use " intensive van-type little cellar for storing things cultivation ", little Jiao is dug along slope stringer, store long 80cm, wide 60cm, deep 6 ~ 10cm, store spacing 20cm, line space 50cm, can stay therebetween as in the ranks met stub, stay the gutter of a wide 100cm according to landform every 5 ~ 10m, after sowing terminates, be split into raceway groove.
F, dress bacterium bed: pine 2 ~ 4cm, one layer of 2 ~ 3cm step 2 of dispenser are dug in the end, cellar for storing things) matrix prepared, discharge main material, puts 6 ~ 9 joints along slope is vertical, split brokenly wooden unit by cortex down, gap 5 ~ 6cm；Spreading matrix in gap and fill out the space of 50%, tiltedly put in gap by the bacterium branch of cultured halimasch, often 24 ~ 30 joints are put at cellar for storing things, the gap of main material is spread one layer of material of filling a vacancy again, often stores 1kg, cover matrix, cover woven bag again, bag spreads earth, above at lid deadwood, fallen leaves, weeds moisture-heat preservation.
6) sowing: remove the covering on bacterium bed, opens woven bag, selects halimasch well-grown bacterium bed to sow, main material is broken pine, makes most shoestring break；Because of germination, to be followed by little Taro Aso's length of upper new shoestring the fastest, the Germination Strain block mixing upper seed is put in main material two section part, space, both sides neutralizes material shoestring growth preferably place of filling a vacancy, spread one layer of broad leaf tree leaf, connection material is put again every 10cm in space, often store 20 ~ 25 joints, spread layer of mud soil, reply woven bag and corner is compressed, again earth shovel is sprinkling upon on woven bag, thickness 3 ~ 5cm；The railway carriage or compartment ditch of the logical deep 5 ~ 10cm of reason, makes often to go little cellar for storing things to connect into railway carriage or compartment, face, railway carriage or compartment repaves lid deadwood, fallen leaves or weeds moisturizing.
After sowing 1 year, the outer sowing at cellar for storing things, halimasch growth period one year, shoestring can grow under the outer dry branches and fallen leaves in cellar for storing things along with tree root, and plane leaves dry branches and fallen leaves and seed dressing Germination Strain dispenser is stored foreign minister has in the mud layer of shoestring, covers back dry branches and fallen leaves.
7) management: a, thinning are reseeded, removed a bag earth backing: after October, rhizoma Gastrodiae has shaped dormancy, pulls face, railway carriage or compartment covering out, take woven bag off, check that kind of a dilute density for fiber crops, overstocked taking-up part rhizoma Gastrodiae are mended and planted in sparse place, then earthing 2 ~ 4cm, has managed railway carriage or compartment ditch, covers deadwood, fallen leaves, weeds.
B, ditch cleaning draining, light modulation of taking precautions against drought: check gutter and railway carriage or compartment ditch, find blocking, clear up in time, it is ensured that have water i.e. to arrange, the arid time is long, cuts face, green grass lid railway carriage or compartment；The later stage woods are flourishing, affect printing opacity, remove the close branch of 1/3.
C, pest and disease damage: disease: rely mainly on prevention, when cultivating bacterium bed bacterium material can not dry rot or carry miscellaneous bacteria, do matrix without humus soil, during sowing, find that miscellaneous bacteria bacterium bed is not sowed；Insect pest: cultivate bacterium bed time cellar for storing things the end, sowing time railway carriage or compartment ditch and gutter in spread phoxim.Insect pest is mainly chafer larva grub, and grub can gnaw tender fiber crops, therefore spreads phoxim prevention in case ditch when the end, cellar for storing things when cultivating bacterium bed, sowing and gutter, can reduce the growth of chafer, but never be spread on case face, because so causing a day anaesthetic poison residual；Prevention wild boar: owing to gastrodia elata f. glauca is planted in High aititude forest zone, it may occur that wild boar arch food phenomenon, at rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation week skirt fence, tractive red banners on fence, make wild boar see excessively chromatic colour and fear in plantation.
8) excavate, supplement the nutrients: after plantation, Second Year is time spring excavates winter, the 3rd year, only takes arrow fiber crops, retains hoary hair fiber crops and rice fiber crops, rhizoma Gastrodiae is overstocked, and the even part rhizoma Gastrodiae that takes is mended cultivation or separately plants, and adds diameter 6 ~ 10cm at former cellar for storing things, green lumber section 25 ~ 30 joint of long 20cm supplements the nutrients, and earthing is kept intact.
Embodiment 2 is with the difference of embodiment 1: step 1) selects the Chinese chestnut of broad leaf tree Fagaceae oak genus as seeds.
Step 2) a, halimasch: take cover with the stub of wild halimasch mycelia, tree root makees Armillaria mellea.
Step 3) b, breeding: potted plant, by the potted plant kind of big glue, fill out in case with the wet sand that humidity is 50%, plantation fiber crops, cover film heat and moisture preserving, running check, in finding basin, soil is dried, water in right amount, but after starting to emerge, film bamboo block sagitta 60cm can not be beneficial to bolting too much in order to avoid rotten fiber crops, gastrodia elata f. glauca is emerged the most inconsistent, transplant seedlings during height of seedling 20cm, and residual weak strain is removed；With contour numb transplantation of seedlings to being easy to pollination of blooming together；Throwing off film during height of seedling 40cm, often water, duty is watered and is watered less, and the breeding phase keeps constant temperature 20 ~ 25 DEG C, throws off film during height of seedling 40cm.
The preparation of step 4) bacterium branch: carry out 7 ~ September, go to shed leaves by the branch of below diameter 10cm seeds, it is chopped to the sections of 5 ~ 10cm length, airing 10 ~ 15d, slough 40 ~ 50% moisture content and make bacterium branch, sylvan life damp ground is evened out, spread last layer broad leaf tree leaf, lay thick layer is the bacterium branch of 1 ~ 12cm, and every 100kg branch is with wild halimasch bacterium wooden unit 6kg；At the uniform dispenser in the both sides of bacterium branch and section wild halimasch bacterium wooden unit, spread the thick step 2 of one layer of 1 ~ 2cm) the middle matrix prepared, repave according to upper method put the second layer, third layer, the 4th layer, the 4th layer of top covers the matrix that 3 ~ 5cm is thick, puts up dry branches and fallen leaves weeds and shelter from heat or light moisturizing in matrix.
Embodiment 3 is with the difference of embodiment 1: in step 1) selection broad leaf tree, seven tree of seven section is as seeds.
Dispensing step 4), the operation filling bacterium material become in step 5): the directly wild halimasch shoestring of selection, first embed in fish scale mouth by part shoestring, tiltedly put connection branch section, then put the covering of some shoestrings in main material gap, often shoestring 0.1kg is used at cellar for storing things；Or select wild halimasch bacterium tree block, it is sprinkling upon in main material fish scale mouth and gap, is often stored 1kg；The gap of main material is spread one layer of material of filling a vacancy again, often stores 1kg, cover matrix, then cover woven bag, bag spreads earth, above at lid deadwood, fallen leaves, weeds moisture-heat preservation.
The present invention selects Dalou Shan Mountain arteries and veins for experimental field, and it is northern that Dalou Shan Mountain arteries and veins is positioned at Guizhou Province, North-East Bound southwest move towards, and west from Bijie, northeast is extended down to Chongqing.A segment length domestic in Guizhou about 300 kilometers, wide about 150 kilometers, major part mountain area, all height above sea level 1400 ~ 2000 meters, is Wujiang River water system and Chishui River water system watershed, is again the boundary mountain of Guizhou Plateau and the Sichuan Basin.Domestic hills are undulating, ravines and guillies criss-cross, is typical Karst topography.Weather belongs to middle subtropical zone wetting monsoon climate, and continental climate and marine climate are mixed in this, thus rainfall is many, long-term 1470 millimeters, sometime up to more than 2000 millimeters；Air humidity is big, between 60% ~ 90%；Average temperature of the whole year about 13 DEG C, about 240 days frost-free period.Winter, the summer, moisture content was sufficient, and soil is fertile without heat without severe cold, and the most suitable multiple vegeto-animal existence procreation, especially Chinese material medicine resource is the abundantest, and it has been established that, and Dalou Shan Mountain district Chinese herbal medicine just has 2098 kinds.
Test: Dalou Shan Mountain arteries and veins is with to plant the weather of woodlot, height above sea level, soil environment in step 5 of the present invention consistent, randomly select 4 pieces of forest lands of Dalou Shan Mountain arteries and veins, every piece of forest land has 10 mu, the gastrodia elata f. glauca implantation methods of prior art is set to control group, enforcement 1 with this programme, embodiment 2, the cultural method of embodiment 3 contrast, and the yield (in terms of fresh goods) of gastrodia elata f. glauca and quality (content of Gastrodin) contrast are as follows:
Table 1:
After using this method plantation gastrodia elata f. glauca, every square metre can be produced fresh more than gastrodia elata f. glauca 5kg, obtains dry product 1.5kg, every mu of forest land can plant 350 square metres, produces dry product 500kg per year, and in gastrodia elata f. glauca, Gastrodin is higher than like product, annual value of production more than 40 ten thousand yuan, gathers 3 years, the gross output value more than up to 120 ten thousand yuan；Deducting every mu of actual investment 50,000 yuan, make a profit 1,150,000 yuan for every mu, profit is considerable, and return rate is high, and medicinal herb grower's income is greatly increased.
Claims (7)
1. gastrodia elata f. glauca pseudo-wild cultivating method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1) Tree Species Selection: select blue or green thick stick, Chinese chestnut, lion grain, monkey grain or seven tree any one or more as seeds；
2) get the raw materials ready: a, halimasch: take wild halimasch shoestring or cover with the stub of wild halimasch mycelia, tree root work cultivation Armillaria mellea；B, Germination Strain；C, leaf fragment: step 1 selects the leaf of seeds be cut into leaf fragment standby；D, matrix: the earth taking sylvan life below soil layer 50cm is mixed to prepare with leaf fragment or saw foam according to the ratio of 1:3；
3) breeding: a, seed selection: selecting the arrow fiber crops of the wild gastrodia elata f. glauca of weight 150 ~ 400g to plant, be put in field overwintering and freeze dormancy through frost and snow, February next year, taking-up was planted in greenhouse；B, breeding: case is planted or potted plant, fills out in railway carriage or compartment with the wet sand that humidity is 50%, plantation fiber crops, cover film heat and moisture preserving, breeding phase holding constant temperature 20 ~ 25 DEG C, throw off film during height of seedling 40cm；C, seed collecting of pollinating: Post flowering, use parent's different strain hybridization, every morning 10:00 ~ 12:00 pollination, spends listless rear the first day of the lunar month fruit gradually to expand, and hand pinches loose can harvesting, with adopting with mixing；D, mix and broadcast: Germination Strain is torn up, pinch brokenly north fruit, seed is spread and mixes on Germination Strain, stir；
4) preparation of bacterium branch: carry out 2 ~ April or 7 ~ September, go to shed leaves by the branch of below diameter 10cm seeds, it is chopped to the sections of 5 ~ 10cm length, airing 10 ~ 15d, slough 40 ~ 50% moisture content and make bacterium branch, being evened out by sylvan life damp ground, spread last layer broad leaf tree leaf, lay thick layer is the bacterium branch of 1 ~ 2cm；At the both sides of bacterium branch and section uniform dispenser wild halimasch shoestring or wild halimasch bacterium wooden unit, spread the thick step 2 of one layer of 1 ~ 2cm) the middle matrix prepared, repave according to upper method put the second layer, third layer, the 4th layer, 4th layer of top covers the matrix that 3 ~ 5cm is thick, puts up dry branches and fallen leaves weeds and shelter from heat or light moisturizing in matrix；
5) bacterium bed is cultivated:
A, standby material: select the seeds in step 1), 20 ~ 30d felling in advance, airing makes seeds dehydration 30%, the trunk of diameter 10 ~ 15cm being sawn into the sections of 20cm length or the trunk of more than diameter 15cm splits the sections being broked into 2 ~ 4 pieces of belt leathers as main material, main material is cut and is deep to xylem and forms 4 ~ 6 fish scale mouths；The branch of diameter 3 ~ 10cm is chopped to the sections of 10cm length and makees to connect material；The branch of below diameter 3cm is chopped to the broken joint of 2 ~ 3cm length and fills a vacancy material；
B, selection of land: select height above sea level 1400 ~ 1800m, east, south, west to and sylvan life hillside fields that the gradient is 25 ~ 50 °, sylvan life light transmittance 40 ~ 60%；
C, soil: choosing loosens the humus layer thickness under ventilative, the sandy loam of moisturizing Li Shui or yellowish soil, PH5 ~ 6, forest land less than 2cm；
D, whole: to strike off the residual weak Mi Shu in ground, tendril weeds, dragging for clean dry branches and fallen leaves, to amass heap stand-by；
E, Wa Jiao: dig little Jiao along slope stringer, store long 80cm, wide 60cm, deep 6 ~ 10cm, stores spacing 20cm, line space 50cm, stays the gutter of a wide 100cm every 5 ~ 10m；
F, dress bacterium bed: pine 2 ~ 4cm, one layer of 2 ~ 3cm step 2 of dispenser are dug in the bottom at little cellar for storing things) the leaf fragment prepared, discharges main material, puts 6 ~ 9 joints along slope is vertical, split brokenly wooden unit by cortex down, gap 5 ~ 6cm；Spreading matrix in gap and fill out the space of 50%, tiltedly put in fish scale mouth and gap by cultured bacterium branch, 24 ~ 30 joints are put at each little cellar for storing things；The gap of main material is spread one layer of material of filling a vacancy again, often stores 1kg, cover matrix, then cover woven bag, bag spreads earth, the most again lid deadwood, fallen leaves, weeds moisture-heat preservation；
6) sowing: remove the covering on bacterium bed, open woven bag, main material is broken pine, the Germination Strain block mixing upper seed in step 3) is put in the space of main material two section part and main material, spread one layer of broad leaf tree leaf, connection material is put again every 10cm in space, often store 20 ~ 25 joints, spread layer of mud soil, reply woven bag and corner is compressed, again earth shovel is sprinkling upon on woven bag, thickness 3 ~ 5cm；The railway carriage or compartment ditch of the logical deep 5 ~ 10cm of reason, makes often to go little cellar for storing things to connect into railway carriage or compartment, face, railway carriage or compartment repaves lid deadwood, fallen leaves or weeds moisturizing；
7) management:
A, thinning are reseeded, are removed a bag earth backing: after October, and rhizoma Gastrodiae has shaped dormancy, pulls face, railway carriage or compartment covering out, take woven bag off, check that kind of a dilute density for fiber crops, overstocked taking-up part rhizoma Gastrodiae are mended and planted in sparse place, then earthing 2 ~ 4cm is thick, has managed railway carriage or compartment ditch, has covered deadwood, fallen leaves, weeds；
B, ditch cleaning draining, light modulation of taking precautions against drought: check gutter and railway carriage or compartment ditch, find blocking, clear up in time, it is ensured that have water i.e. to arrange, the arid time is long, cuts face, green grass lid railway carriage or compartment；The later stage woods are flourishing, affect printing opacity, remove the close branch of 1/3；
C, pest and disease damage: disease: with fresh bacterium material when cultivating bacterium bed, river sand that matrix is pure and leaf fragment；Insect pest: cultivate bacterium bed time little cellar for storing things bottom, sowing time railway carriage or compartment ditch and gutter in spread phoxim；
8) excavate, supplement the nutrients: after plantation, Second Year is time spring excavates winter, the 3rd year, only takes arrow fiber crops, retains hoary hair fiber crops and rice fiber crops, and green lumber section 25 ~ 30 joint adding diameter 6 ~ 10cm, long 20cm at former cellar for storing things supplements the nutrients, and earthing is kept intact.
Gastrodia elata f. glauca pseudo-wild cultivating method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step 3) after Germination Strain and seed mixing, load in polybag, sow after 2 ~ 3 days.
Gastrodia elata f. glauca pseudo-wild cultivating method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 4), every 100kg branch is with wild halimasch shoestring 1kg or wild halimasch bacterium wooden unit 6kg.
Gastrodia elata f. glauca pseudo-wild cultivating method the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: dispense step 4), the operation filling bacterium material in step 5) is become: directly select wild halimasch shoestring, first part shoestring is embedded in fish scale mouth, main material gap is tiltedly put connection branch section, putting some shoestrings again to cover, often shoestring 0.1kg is used at cellar for storing things.
Gastrodia elata f. glauca pseudo-wild cultivating method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: dispense step 4), the operation filling bacterium material is become: select wild halimasch bacterium tree block, be sprinkling upon in main material fish scale mouth and gap, often store 1kg in step 5)；The gap of main material is spread one layer of material of filling a vacancy again, often stores 1kg, cover matrix, then cover woven bag, bag spreads earth, above at lid deadwood, fallen leaves, weeds moisture-heat preservation.
Gastrodia elata f. glauca pseudo-wild cultivating method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: after described step 6) is sowed 1 year, dry branches and fallen leaves left by plane has seed dressing Germination Strain dispenser cellar for storing things foreign minister in the mud layer of shoestring, covers back dry branches and fallen leaves.
Gastrodia elata f. glauca pseudo-wild cultivating method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: during the management of described step 7), at rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation week skirt fence, tractive red banners on fence.
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