CN105875178B - Gastrodia elata f. glauca pseudo-wild cultivating method - Google Patents
Gastrodia elata f. glauca pseudo-wild cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
This patent discloses a kind of gastrodia elata f. glauca pseudo-wild cultivating methods in Chinese medicine planting technology field, comprising the following steps: 1) Tree Species Selection；2) stock up: a, halimasch:, which taking wild halimasch shoestring, or covers with stub, the tree root of wild halimasch mycelia is chopped to wooden unit and makees wild halimasch bacterium wooden unit；3) breeding；4) preparation of bacterium branch；5) cultivate bacterium bed: a, standby material: the tree species in selection step 1,20 ~ 30d is cut down in advance, and sunning makes tree species be dehydrated 30%；B, selection of land；C, soil；D, site preparation；E, Wa Jiao；F, bacterium bed is filled；6) it sows；7) manage: a, thinning are reseeded, are removed a bag earth backing；B, ditch cleaning drains, light modulation of taking precautions against drought；C, pest and disease damage: disease；8) it excavates, supplement the nutrients.This method is planted in hayashishita vacant lot, is selected wild halimasch with planting, is being provided optimum growing environment by fine management for gastrodia elata f. glauca, providing basis for the high-yield high-quality of gastrodia elata f. glauca.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Chinese medicine planting technology fields, and in particular to a kind of gastrodia elata f. glauca pseudo-wild cultivating method.
Background technique
Gastrodia elata f. glauca is a kind of orchid Gastrodia, also known as black bar Rhizoma Gastrodiae, because of stem tuber crow brown, scape deep red
Color spends green or bottle green and gains the name, and medicinal main ingredient gastrodin content is high and belongs to the top grade in Rhizoma Gastrodiae kind, main raw
It grows in the high and cold forest zone of 1500 ~ 2000m of height above sea level.It is influenced and resource artificial destruction, existing whole nation wild resource by global warming raising
Seldom, yield is sharply reduced, and takes in endangered species register by the world.Gastrodia elata f. glauca tillering propagation ability is high not as good as red Rhizoma Gastrodiae,
Low output, every square metre of 2 ~ 4 jin of production fiber crops are always planted, therefore are not paid attention to by Rhizoma Gastrodiae grower.But it is observed that investigation is wild
When resource, finding in some particular surroundings, gastrodia elata f. glauca can reach optimum growh state, and every square metre can also produce 10 jin of numb number,
This just illustrates the yield also very big room for promotion of gastrodia elata f. glauca.And the growth rhythm of gastrodia elata f. glauca is found out, suitable environment is created, is mentioned
High cultivation technique is people, and there is an urgent need to and then break the bottleneck problem of gastrodia elata f. glauca low output, to improve the medicine of gastrodia elata f. glauca
With effect and market price, increase medicinal herb grower's income.
Summary of the invention
The invention is intended to provide a kind of cultivating technology of gastrodia elata f. glauca, to solve the problems, such as that gastrodia elata f. glauca low output, drug effect are low.
Gastrodia elata f. glauca pseudo-wild cultivating method in this programme, comprising the following steps:
1) Tree Species Selection: select green thick stick, Chinese chestnut, lion grain, monkey grain or seven tree any one or more as tree species；
2) stock up: a, halimasch:, which taking wild halimasch shoestring, or covers with stub, the tree root of wild halimasch mycelia trains
Educate Armillaria mellea；B, Germination Strain；C, it is spare that the leaf of step 1 selection tree species leaf fragment: is cut into leaf fragment；D, base
Matter: hayashishita soil layer 50cm soil below is taken to be mixed to prepare according to the ratio of 1:3 with leaf fragment or saw foam；
3) it breeding: a, seed selection: selects an arrow fiber crops for the wild gastrodia elata f. glauca of 150 ~ 400g of weight to plant, is put in field overwintering
Suspend mode is freezed through frost and snow, the taking-up of 2 months next years is planted in greenhouse；B, breeding: case is planted or potting, is filled out in compartment with the wet sand that humidity is 50%,
Plantation fiber crops cover film thermal insulating moisturizing, and the breeding phase is kept for 20 ~ 25 DEG C of constant temperature, and when height of seedling 40cm throws off film；C, pollination is collected seed:
Post flowering is hybridized using parent's different strain, the pollination of every morning 10:00 ~ 12:00, spends listless rear north fruit gradually to expand, hand is pinched loosely i.e.
It can pick, with adopting with mixing；D, it mixes and broadcasts: Germination Strain is torn up, pinch brokenly north fruit, seed is spread and is mixed on Germination Strain, stir evenly；
4) preparation of bacterium branch: carrying out 2 ~ April or 7 ~ September part, the branch of diameter 10cm or less tree species gone to shed leaves,
It is chopped to the segment of 5 ~ 10cm long, dries 10 ~ 15d, 40 ~ 50% moisture content is sloughed and bacterium branch is made, hayashishita damp ground is evened out, is spread
Upper one layer of broad leaf tree leaf, the bacterium branch that one thickness of laying is 1 ~ 2cm；Two sides and the wild halimasch of the uniform dispenser of section in bacterium branch
Shoestring or wild halimasch bacterium wooden unit spread the matrix prepared in the step 2) of one layer of 1 ~ 2cm thickness, repaved according to upper method put the second layer,
Third layer, the 4th layer, the matrix of the 4th layer of top covering 3 ~ 5cm thickness put up the shading moisturizing of dry branches and fallen leaves weeds in matrix；
5) bacterium bed is cultivated:
A, standby material: the tree species in selection step 1), 20 ~ 30d is cut down in advance, and sunning makes tree species be dehydrated 30%, by diameter 10 ~
The trunk of 15cm is sawn into the segment of 20cm long or the trunk of diameter 15cm or more is split to the segment for being broked into 2 ~ 4 pieces of belt leathers as master
Material, main material, which is cut, is deep to xylem 4 ~ 6 fish scale mouths of formation；Make connection material in the segment that the branch of 3 ~ 10cm of diameter is chopped to 10cm long；
The broken section that diameter 3cm branch below is chopped to 2 ~ 3cm long is filled a vacancy material；
B, selection of land: selecting 1400 ~ 1800m of height above sea level, east, south, west to and the gradient be 25 ~ 50 ° hayashishita hillside fields, hayashishita light transmission
Degree 40 ~ 60%；
C, soil: selecting loose ventilative, moisturizing Li Shui sandy loam or yellowish soil, PH5 ~ 6, and the humus thickness degree under forest land is low
In 2cm；
D, site preparation: striking off the residual weak Mi Shu in ground, tendril weeds, and it is stand-by to fish out net dry branches and fallen leaves product heap；
E, Wa Jiao: digging small cellar along slope stringer, stores long 80cm, wide 60cm, and deep 6 ~ 10cm stores spacing 20cm, line space 50cm,
The gutter of a wide 100cm is stayed every 5 ~ 10m；
F, fill bacterium bed: 2 ~ 4cm of pine, the leaf fragment of one layer of 2 ~ 3cm step 2 of dispenser preparation, discharge master are dug in the bottom at small cellar
Material puts 6 ~ 9 sections along slope is vertical, splits brokenly wooden unit for cortex downward, 5 ~ 6cm of gap；The gap that matrix fills out 50% is spread in gap, will be trained
The bacterium branch supported tiltedly is put in fish scale mouth and gap, and 24 ~ 30 sections are put at each small cellar；One layer of material of filling a vacancy is spread in the gap of main material again, often
1kg is stored, matrix is covered, then cover woven bag, soil is spread on bag, above lid deadwood, fallen leaves, weeds moisture-heat preservation again；
6) it sows: removing the covering in bacterium bed, open woven bag, main material is broken pine, upper seed will be mixed in step 3)
It sprouts fungus block to be put in the gap of main material both ends section part and main material, spreads one layer of broad leaf tree leaf, the gap interval 10cm company of putting again
Material is connect, 20 ~ 25 sections of every cellar spread one layer of soil, reply woven bag and compress quadrangle, then soil shovel are sprinkling upon on woven bag, thickness 3
~5cm；The compartment ditch of the logical deep 5 ~ 10cm of reason, makes the small cellar of every row connect into compartment, lid deadwood, fallen leaves or weeds moisturizing is repaved on the face of compartment；
7) it manages:
A, thinning reseeds, removes a bag earth backing: after October, Rhizoma Gastrodiae has shaped suspend mode, pulls compartment face covering out, takes woven bag off,
Checking kind of a dilute density for fiber crops, overstocked taking-up part Rhizoma Gastrodiae, which is mended, plants in sparse place, and then 2 ~ 4cm of earthing is thick, compartment ditch has been managed,
Cover deadwood, fallen leaves, weeds；
B, ditch cleaning drains, light modulation of taking precautions against drought: checking gutter and compartment ditch, discovery blocking is cleared up in time, it is ensured that and there is water to arrange,
The arid time is long, cuts green grass lid compartment face；The later period woods are flourishing, influence light transmission, remove 1/3 close branch；
C, pest and disease damage: disease: with fresh bacterium material, the pure river sand of matrix and leaf fragment when culture bacterium bed；Insect pest:
Cultivate bacterium bed when small cellar bottom, sowing when compartment ditch and gutter in spread phoxim；
8) it excavates, supplement the nutrients: after plantation when the next winter, the excavation of spring in third year, only taking arrow numb, retain hoary hair fiber crops
It with rice fiber crops, is stored in original and 6 ~ 10cm of diameter is added, 25 ~ 30 section of green lumber section of long 20cm supplements the nutrients, and earthing is kept intact.
The benefit of such operation is not destroy the symbiosis of kind of fiber crops and halimasch, and appropriate supplement the nutrients adds original bacterium material
It can enable Rhizoma Gastrodiae normal growth, timber resources can be made full use of, this operation can continue three generations (excavating 3 years), three generations
Kind fiber crops degenerate comprehensively afterwards, it is necessary to all dig out, arrow fiber crops, hoary hair fiber crops process dry product, and rice fiber crops, which are all eliminated, cannot remake kind, keep away
Exempt to influence provenance quality.
Arrow fiber crops of the present invention are the Gastrodia Elata Stem Tuber with terminal flower stem eye；Hoary hair fiber crops of the present invention are top tool
There is the secondary tuberization of growth cone (promeristem)；Rice fiber crops of the present invention are length in 1cm hoary hair fiber crops below.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: 1, this method is planted in hayashishita vacant lot, tree species after felling from trunk to branch
It is all fully utilized to leaf, has saved timber resources and land resource；By site preparation come chesson, the fast of trees is promoted
Fast-growing is long, after 3 ~ 5 years again can intermediate cutting plantation, not only promoted ecological environment, but also create cyclicity solid ecological agriculture.
2, the wild halimasch for excavating wild place of production hayashishita cultivates bacterium bed, and for bacterium material with kind, two intergrowth of species affinity are high,
Realize the means of imitating wild planting；Wild halimasch fructification is intensively grown thickly, and umbrella handle is sturdy, the nearly umbrella of collarium, initial stage milky, always
Change black brown, mycelium milky, leaching life to stub；Slabbing in the forming layer of tree root, the external shoestring aging of stub, tree root
Portion's dark brown, point cerise, for thick shape diameter up to 4 millimeters, branch extends long several meters reachable, vitality and the leaching to timber
It is all very strong to contaminate power, decomposing force, all nutrients of timber can be decomposed totally within 3 ~ 5 years；The wild halimasch bacterial strain can mention for gastrodia elata f. glauca
It is the big basic guarantee of fine quality of gastrodia elata f. glauca for the sufficient nutrition of long period.
3, the culture of bacterium branch and breeding carry out simultaneously, and the bacterium cultivated branch is put into bacterium bed, directly with mature halimasch
It gives gastrodia elata f. glauca to provide nutrition, the phenomenon that nutrition is not caught up with when avoiding the occurrence of gastrodia elata f. glauca growth and development, gastrodia elata f. glauca is greatly shortened
It excavates the time, and then increases the income of medicinal herb grower.
Although 4, gastrodia elata f. glauca is after planting hoed up weeds without fertilising, daily management can not be ignored, otherwise will seriously affect production
Amount, or even total crop failure: being reseeded by thinning, remove a bag earth backing, guarantees that growing nutrient is balanced in the gastrodia elata f. glauca of each bacterium bed, gastrodia elata f. glauca is raw
Part Rhizoma Gastrodiae, is added to excessively sparse bacterium bed Lei by long excessively dense bacterium bed, with realize in bacterium bed halimasch it is reasonable
It utilizes, and then increases the total yield；Drained by ditch cleaning, take precautions against drought light modulation to gastrodia elata f. glauca growth provide optimum humidity, temperature, thoroughly
The growing environment of luminosity；By the prevention to pest and disease damage, the occurrence probability of the pest and disease damage of gastrodia elata f. glauca is reduced, and then improves gastrodia elata f. glauca
Yield and quality.
Further, Germination Strain is packed into polybag, sows after 2 ~ 3 days with after seed mixing in the step 3).Be conducive to
Improve the germination rate of seed.
Further, every 100kg branch wild halimasch shoestring 1kg or wild halimasch bacterium wooden unit 6kg in step 4).It closes
The ratio of the outfit halimasch and timber of reason, makes halimasch nutritional sufficiency without regard to waste branch.
Further, step 4) is dispensed, the operation that bacterium material is filled in step 5) is become: directly selecting wild halimasch bacterium
Part shoestring is first embedded in fish scale mouth by rope, and connection branch section is tiltedly put in main material gap, then puts some shoestring coverings, and every cellar is used
Shoestring 0.1kg；
Further, step 4) is dispensed, the operation that bacterium material is filled in step 5) is become: selecting wild halimasch bacterium tree block,
It is sprinkling upon in main material fish scale mouth and gap, every cellar 1kg；One layer of material of filling a vacancy, every cellar 1kg, lid are spread in the gap of main material again
Upper matrix, then woven bag is covered, soil is spread on bag, above in lid deadwood, fallen leaves, weeds moisture-heat preservation.
It further, can be in the outer sowing in cellar, the growth period of halimasch one year, shoestring meeting after the step 6) is sowed 1 year
As tree root has been grown under the outer dry branches and fallen leaves in cellar, plane opens dry branches and fallen leaves and seed dressing Germination Strain dispenser is stored the outer mud layer with shoestring
In, cover back dry branches and fallen leaves.
Further, when the step 7) manages, since gastrodia elata f. glauca is planted in High aititude forest zone, it may occur that wild boar arch food shows
As, enclose fence on Rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation periphery, red banners pulled on fence, so that wild boar is seen excessively chromatic colour and fear into
In plantation.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment 1: gastrodia elata f. glauca pseudo-wild cultivating method, comprising the following steps:
1) Tree Species Selection: the green thick stick for selecting broad leaf tree Fagaceae oak to belong to is as tree species.
2) it stocks up: a, halimasch: taking wild halimasch shoestring；B, Germination Strain: for outside purchase；C, leaf fragment: will
It is spare that the fresh leaf of green thick stick is cut into leaf fragment；D, matrix: take hayashishita soil layer 50cm soil below according to 1:3 ratio with
Leaf fragment is mixed to prepare.
3) breeding: a, seed selection: selection weight the sturdy of 150g, no disease and pests harm, undamaged high-quality wild gastrodia elata f. glauca arrow fiber crops
It plants, is put in field overwintering through frost and snow and freezes suspend mode, the taking-up of 2 months next years is planted in greenhouse, makees temperature with brick or movable plank house
Room, 3 meters high, 4 meters wide, long depending on landform and fiber crops kind amount, ceiling is covered with light-proof material, it is ensured that rain-tight is saturating
Wind, ground are moisture-proof Horizon, install air-conditioning equipment, install lamp circuit for artificial pollination.
B, breeding: case is planted, 3 meters long with brick case or flitch case processed, 1 meter wide, 0.3 meter high, is filled up with 50% wet fine sand
In case, in 2 months beginning of springs plantation fiber crops, every 2 ~ 3 row of case, spacing in the rows 20cm, depth is degree to lose arrow bud, covers film thermal insulating moisturizing；
Running check, discovery case soil is dry, appropriate to water, but cannot be excessive in order to avoid rotten fiber crops, starts film bamboo block sagitta after emergence
60cm is conducive to bolting, and gastrodia elata f. glauca emergence is very inconsistent, and when height of seedling 20cm transplants seedlings, and residual weak strain is removed；It is moved with contour numb seedling
It plants together convenient for pollination of blooming；Film is thrown off when height of seedling 40cm, is often watered, is frequently poured and pour less, the breeding phase keeps constant temperature 20 ~ 25
DEG C, when height of seedling 40cm, throws off film.
C, pollination is collected seed: Post flowering is hybridized using parent's different strain, and every morning 10:00 ~ 12:00 is best pollination time,
One plant of pollen is chosen in another plant spend and is exchanged with each other pollination, once a day；Greenhouse breeding can do sth. in advance 30 ~ 45 than nature breeding
It is collected seed, spend it is listless after north fruit gradually expand, hand, which is pinched, can loosely pick, with adopting with mixing.
D, it mixes and broadcasts: Germination Strain is torn up, pinch brokenly north fruit, seed is spread and is mixed on Germination Strain, stir evenly, every bag of Germination Strain
With north fruit 6-8, filling makes Germination Strain restore to sow for 2-3 days in polybag, convalescence is no more than 6 days.Infect miscellaneous bacteria
Germination Strain never uses.
4) preparation of bacterium branch: carrying out 2 ~ April, the branch of diameter 10cm or less tree species gone to shed leaves, it is chopped to 5 ~
The segment of 10cm long dries 10 ~ 15d, sloughs 40 ~ 50% moisture content and bacterium branch is made, hayashishita damp ground is evened out, sprinkles one layer
Broad leaf tree leaf, the bacterium branch that one thickness of laying is 1 ~ 12cm, the wild halimasch shoestring 1kg of every 100kg branch；The two of bacterium branch
Side and the wild halimasch shoestring of the uniform dispenser of section spread the matrix prepared in the step 2) of one layer of 1 ~ 2cm thickness, according to upper method laying again
The second layer, third layer, the 4th layer, the matrix of the 4th layer of top covering 3 ~ 5cm thickness, put up the shading of dry branches and fallen leaves weeds in matrix
Moisturizing.
5) cultivate bacterium bed: a, standby material: the tree species in selection step 1,20 ~ 30d is cut down in advance, and sunning makes tree species be dehydrated 30%,
The trunk of 10 ~ 15cm of diameter is sawn into the section that the segment of 20cm long or split the trunk of diameter 15cm or more is broked into 2 ~ 4 pieces of belt leathers
Section, as main material, main material cuts 4 ~ 6 fish scale mouths for being deep to xylem；Make the segment that the branch of 3 ~ 10cm of diameter is chopped to 10cm long
Connect material；The broken section that diameter 3cm branch below is chopped to 2 ~ 3cm long is filled a vacancy material.
B, selection of land: height above sea level more low light transmission is more negative, and height above sea level more high-transmittance is more positive, and 1400 ~ 1800m of height above sea level is suitable
Height above sea level；Select east, south, west to hardwood forest under hillside fields, the gradient is 25 ~ 50 °, and hayashishita light transmittance is 40 ~ 60%, needle
Leaf woods should not be planted, and because its coniferous tree leaf, tree root fat content height are not easy to be decomposed by halimasch, and generate other miscellaneous bacterias not
Sharp Rhizoma Gastrodiae growth；North orientation, flat wetland should not plant；High ridge is taken to plant using flatly in the area that soil lacks.
C, soil: selecting loose ventilative, moisturizing Li Shui sandy loam or yellowish soil, PH5 ~ 6, and the humus thickness degree under forest land is low
In 2cm, clay and the radix rehmanniae preparata for planting crops should not plant gastrodia elata f. glauca, because the unfavorable water of clay is ventilative, and radix rehmanniae preparata organic matter miscellaneous bacteria
It is more with chemical fertilizer, pesticide residue, unfavorable gastrodia elata f. glauca growth；Humus layer under forest land is also unsuitable blocked up, is otherwise also easy to produce pest and disease damage,
Cause rotten numb phenomenon.
D, site preparation: striking off the residual weak Mi Shu in ground, tendril weeds, and it is stand-by to fish out net dry branches and fallen leaves product heap.
E, Wa Jiao: using " the intensive small cellar cultivation of van-type ", digs small cellar along slope stringer, stores long 80cm, wide 60cm, deep 6 ~
10cm stores spacing 20cm, line space 50cm, such as in the ranks meets stub and can stay therebetween, is stayed according to landform every 5 ~ 10m one wide
The gutter of 100cm, wait sow after be split into channel.
F, fill bacterium bed: 2 ~ 4cm of pine is dug at cellar bottom, and the matrix of one layer of 2 ~ 3cm step 2 of dispenser preparation discharges main material, vertical along slope
6 ~ 9 sections are put, split brokenly wooden unit for cortex downward, 5 ~ 6cm of gap；The gap that matrix fills out 50% is spread in gap, by cultured sweet ring
The bacterium branch of bacterium is tiltedly put in gap, and 24 ~ 30 sections are put at every cellar, spread one layer of material of filling a vacancy in the gap of main material again, and every cellar 1kg covers matrix,
Woven bag is covered again, soil is spread on bag, above in lid deadwood, fallen leaves, weeds moisture-heat preservation.
6) it sows: removing the covering in bacterium bed, open woven bag, the well-grown bacterium bed of halimasch is selected to sow,
Main material breaks pine, breaks most shoestring；Because the small Taro Aso length that germination is followed by upper new shoestring is most fast, sprouting for upper seed will be mixed
Bacterium germination block is put in main material both ends section part, both sides gap neutralizes the well-grown place of material shoestring of filling a vacancy, and spreads one layer of broad leaf tree tree
Leaf, gap interval 10cm put connection material again, 20 ~ 25 sections of every cellar, spread one layer of soil, reply woven bag and compress quadrangle, then by mud
Mamoty is sprinkling upon on woven bag, 3 ~ 5cm of thickness；The compartment ditch of the logical deep 5 ~ 10cm of reason makes the small cellar of every row connect into compartment, bedding again on the face of compartment
Deadwood, fallen leaves or weeds moisturizing.
After sowing 1 year, in the outer sowing in cellar, in the growth period of halimasch one year, it is outer that shoestring can grow into cellar with tree root
Under dry branches and fallen leaves, plane opens dry branches and fallen leaves and stores seed dressing Germination Strain dispenser in the outer mud layer with shoestring, covers back dry branches and fallen leaves.
7) manage: a, thinning are reseeded, removed a bag earth backing: after October, Rhizoma Gastrodiae has shaped suspend mode, pulls compartment face covering out, takes off
Woven bag checks kind of a dilute density for fiber crops, and overstocked taking-up part Rhizoma Gastrodiae, which is mended, plants in sparse place, and then 2 ~ 4cm of earthing, is managed
Compartment ditch covers deadwood, fallen leaves, weeds.
B, ditch cleaning drains, light modulation of taking precautions against drought: checking gutter and compartment ditch, discovery blocking is cleared up in time, it is ensured that and there is water to arrange,
The arid time is long, cuts green grass lid compartment face；The later period woods are flourishing, influence light transmission, remove 1/3 close branch.
C, pest and disease damage: disease: relying mainly on prevention, and bacterium material is unable to dry rot or included miscellaneous bacteria when cultivating bacterium bed, does not have to humus soil
Do matrix, discovery miscellaneous bacteria bacterium bed is not sowed when sowing；Insect pest: when cultivating bacterium bed cellar bottom, sowing when compartment ditch and gutter
Inside spread phoxim.Insect pest is mainly chafer larva-grub, and grub can gnaw tender fiber crops, therefore cellar bottom when cultivating bacterium bed,
Phoxim prevention is spread in case ditch and gutter when sowing, the growth of chafer can be reduced, but be never spread on case face, because in this way
Rhizoma Gastrodiae poisoning of drug is caused to remain；Prevent wild boar: since gastrodia elata f. glauca is planted in High aititude forest zone, it may occur that the phenomenon that wild boar arch is eaten,
Fence is enclosed on Rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation periphery, and red banners are pulled on fence, and wild boar is made to see excessively chromatic colour and fear into plantation
In garden.
8) it excavates, supplement the nutrients: after plantation when the next winter, the excavation of spring in third year, only taking arrow numb, retain hoary hair fiber crops
With rice fiber crops, Rhizoma Gastrodiae is overstocked, even that part Rhizoma Gastrodiae is taken to mend cultivation or another cultivation, stores addition 6 ~ 10cm of diameter, the green lumber section of long 20cm in original
25 ~ 30 sections supplement the nutrients, and earthing is kept intact.
Embodiment 2 the difference from embodiment 1 is that: step 1) select broad leaf tree Fagaceae oak belong to Chinese chestnut as tree species.
Step 2 a, halimasch: take the stub for covering with wild halimasch mycelia, tree root makees Armillaria mellea.
Step 3) b, breeding: potting is filled out in case with big glue potting kind with the wet sand that humidity is 50%, and plantation fiber crops cover thin
Film heat and moisture preserving, running check find that soil is dry in basin, appropriate to water, but cannot be excessive in order to avoid rotten fiber crops, and starting will be thin after emergence
Film bamboo block sagitta 60cm is conducive to bolting, and gastrodia elata f. glauca emergence is very inconsistent, and when height of seedling 20cm transplants seedlings, and residual weak strain is removed；Together
Contour numb transplantation of seedlings is bloomed pollination to together；Film is thrown off when height of seedling 40cm, is often watered, is frequently poured and pour less, the breeding phase
Kept for 20 ~ 25 DEG C of constant temperature, when height of seedling 40cm throws off film.
The preparation of step 4) bacterium branch: it is carried out in 7 ~ September part, the branch of diameter 10cm or less tree species is gone to shed leaves, is chopped to 5
The segment of ~ 10cm long dries 10 ~ 15d, sloughs 40 ~ 50% moisture content and bacterium branch is made, hayashishita damp ground is evened out, sprinkles one layer
Broad leaf tree leaf, the bacterium branch that one thickness of laying is 1 ~ 12cm, the wild halimasch bacterium wooden unit 6kg of every 100kg branch；In bacterium branch
Two sides and the wild halimasch bacterium wooden unit of the uniform dispenser of section spread the matrix prepared in the step 2) of one layer of 1 ~ 2cm thickness, again according to upper method
The laying second layer, third layer, the 4th layer, the matrix of the 4th layer of top covering 3 ~ 5cm thickness, put up dry branches and fallen leaves weeds in matrix
Shading moisturizing.
Embodiment 3 the difference from embodiment 1 is that: step 1) selects seven tree of seven section in broad leaf tree as tree species.
Step 4) is dispensed, the operation that bacterium material is filled in step 5) is become: wild halimasch shoestring is directly selected, first by portion
In part shoestring insertion fish scale mouth, connection branch section is tiltedly put in main material gap, then puts some shoestrings coverings, every cellar shoestring 0.1kg；
Or wild halimasch bacterium tree block is selected, it is sprinkling upon in main material fish scale mouth and gap, every cellar 1kg；In the gap of main material again
One layer of material of filling a vacancy is spread, every cellar 1kg covers matrix, then cover woven bag, soil is spread on bag, above in lid deadwood, fallen leaves, weeds
Moisture-heat preservation.
The present invention selects Dalou Shan Mountain arteries and veins for experimental field, Dalou Shan Mountain arteries and veins is located at Guizhou Province the north, is southwester moved towards by northeast, west
Bijie is played, northeast is extended down to Chongqing.In domestic about 300 kilometers one section long in Guizhou, about 150 kilometers wide, most of mountain area is all in sea
1400 ~ 2000 meters are pulled out, is Wujiang River water system and Chishui River system watershed, and be the boundary mountain in Guizhou Plateau and the Sichuan Basin.Within the border
Hills are undulating, ravines and guillies criss-cross are typical Karst topographies.Weather category middle subtropical zone soaks monsoon climate, continental gas
It waits and is mixed in this with marine climate, thus rainfall is more, long-term 1470 millimeters, sometime up to 2000 millimeters or more；Air is wet
Degree is big, between 60% ~ 90%；13 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year or so, frost-free period 240 days or so.Winter fills without severe cold, summer without heat, moisture content
Foot, soil is fertile, the existence of very suitable a variety of animals and plants procreation, especially Chinese material medicine resource very abundant, it has been established that Dalou Shan Mountain
Area's Chinese herbal medicine just has 2098 kinds.
Test: Dalou Shan Mountain arteries and veins is consistent with the weather, height above sea level, soil environment of woodlot is planted in step 5 of the present invention, random to select
4 pieces of forest lands of Dalou Shan Mountain arteries and veins are taken, every piece of forest land there are 10 mu, the gastrodia elata f. glauca implantation methods of the prior art is set as control group, with this
The implementation 1 of scheme, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 cultural method compare, the yield (in terms of fresh goods) and quality (day of gastrodia elata f. glauca
The content of numb element) comparison is as follows:
Table 1:
After planting gastrodia elata f. glauca using this method, every square metre can produce fresh gastrodia elata f. glauca 5kg or more, obtain dry product 1.5kg, per acre woods
Ground can plant 350 square metres, produce dry product 500kg per year, and Gastrodin is higher than similar product in gastrodia elata f. glauca, more than 40 ten thousand yuan of annual value of production, adopts
It receives 3 years, the gross output value is up to more than 120 ten thousand yuan；50,000 yuan of actual investment per acre are subtracted, are made a profit 1,150,000 yuan per acre, profit is considerable, returns
Report rate is high, and medicinal herb grower's income greatly increases.
Claims (7)
1. gastrodia elata f. glauca pseudo-wild cultivating method, which comprises the following steps:
1) Tree Species Selection: select green thick stick, Chinese chestnut, lion grain, monkey grain or seven tree any one or more as tree species；
2) stock up: a, halimasch: taking wild halimasch shoestring or covers with the stub of wild halimasch mycelia, tree root is made to cultivate honey
Ring bacterium strain；B, Germination Strain；C, it is spare that the leaf of step 1 selection tree species leaf fragment: is cut into leaf fragment；D, it matrix: takes
Hayashishita soil layer 50cm soil below is mixed to prepare according to the ratio of 1:3 with leaf fragment or saw foam；
3) breeding: a, seed selection: selecting an arrow fiber crops for the wild gastrodia elata f. glauca of 150~400g of weight to plant, and is put in field overwintering warp
Frost and snow freezes suspend mode, and the taking-up of 2 months next years is planted in greenhouse；B, breeding: case is planted or potting, is filled out in compartment with the wet sand that humidity is 50%,
Plantation fiber crops cover film thermal insulating moisturizing, and the breeding phase is kept for 20~25 DEG C of constant temperature, and when height of seedling 40cm throws off film；C, pollination is collected seed:
Post flowering is hybridized using parent's different strain, the pollination of every morning 10:00~12:00, spends listless rear north fruit gradually to expand, hand is pinched loosely
It can pick, with adopting with mixing；D, it mixes and broadcasts: Germination Strain is torn up, pinch brokenly north fruit, seed is spread and is mixed on Germination Strain, stir evenly；
4) it the preparation of bacterium branch: is carried out 2~April or 7~September part, the branch of diameter 10cm or less tree species is gone to shed leaves, is cut
At the segment of 5~10cm long, 10~15d is dried, 40~50% moisture content is sloughed and bacterium branch is made, hayashishita damp ground is evened out,
Sprinkle one layer of broad leaf tree leaf, the bacterium branch that one thickness of laying is 1~2cm；Two sides and the wild honey of the uniform dispenser of section in bacterium branch
Ring bacterium shoestring or wild halimasch bacterium wooden unit spread the matrix prepared in the step 2) of one layer of 1~2cm thickness, according to upper method laying the again
Two layers, third layer, the 4th layer, the matrix of the 4th layer of top covering 3~5cm thickness, put up the shading of dry branches and fallen leaves weeds in matrix
Moisturizing；
5) bacterium bed is cultivated:
A, standby material: the tree species in selection step 1), 20~30d is cut down in advance, and sunning makes tree species be dehydrated 30%, by diameter 10~
The trunk of 15cm is sawn into the segment of 20cm long or the trunk of diameter 15cm or more is split to the segment for being broked into 2~4 pieces of belt leathers as master
Material, main material, which is cut, is deep to xylem 4~6 fish scale mouths of formation；The segment that the branch of 3~10cm of diameter is chopped to 10cm long connects
Material；The broken section that diameter 3cm branch below is chopped to 2~3cm long is filled a vacancy material；
B, selection of land: selecting 1400~1800m of height above sea level, east, south, west to and the gradient be 25~50 ° hayashishita hillside fields, hayashishita light transmittance
40~60%；
C, soil: selecting loose ventilative, moisturizing Li Shui sandy loam or yellowish soil, PH5~6, and the humus thickness degree under forest land is lower than
2cm；
D, site preparation: striking off the residual weak Mi Shu in ground, tendril weeds, and it is stand-by to fish out net dry branches and fallen leaves product heap；
E, Wa Jiao: digging small cellar along slope stringer, stores long 80cm, wide 60cm, and deep 6~10cm stores spacing 20cm, line space 50cm, every 5
~10m stays the gutter of a wide 100cm；
F, fill bacterium bed: 2~4cm of pine, the leaf fragment of one layer of 2~3cm step 2) of dispenser preparation, discharge master are dug in the bottom at small cellar
Material puts 6~9 sections along slope is vertical, splits brokenly wooden unit for cortex downward, 5~6cm of gap；The gap that matrix fills out 50% is spread in gap, it will
Cultured bacterium branch is tiltedly put in fish scale mouth and gap, and 24~30 sections are put at each small cellar；One layer of material of filling a vacancy is spread in the gap of main material again,
Every cellar 1kg, covers matrix, then cover woven bag, and soil is spread on bag, above lid deadwood, fallen leaves, weeds moisture-heat preservation again；
6) it sows: removing the covering in bacterium bed, open woven bag, main material is broken pine, the sprouting of upper seed will be mixed in step 3)
Fungus block is put in the gap of main material both ends section part and main material, spreads one layer of broad leaf tree leaf, and gap interval 10cm puts connection material again,
20~25 sections of every cellar spread one layer of soil, reply woven bag and compress quadrangle, then soil shovel is sprinkling upon on woven bag, and thickness 3~
5cm；The compartment ditch of the logical deep 5~10cm of reason, makes the small cellar of every row connect into compartment, lid deadwood, fallen leaves or weeds moisturizing is repaved on the face of compartment；
7) it manages:
A, thinning reseeds, removes a bag earth backing: after October, Rhizoma Gastrodiae has shaped suspend mode, pulls compartment face covering out, takes woven bag off, checks
Dilute density of kind fiber crops, overstocked taking-up part Rhizoma Gastrodiae, which is mended, plants in sparse place, and then 2~4cm of earthing is thick, has managed compartment ditch, lid
Upper deadwood, fallen leaves, weeds；
B, ditch cleaning drains, light modulation of taking precautions against drought: checking gutter and compartment ditch, discovery blocking is cleared up in time, it is ensured that has water to arrange, arid
Time is long, cuts green grass lid compartment face；The later period woods are flourishing, influence light transmission, remove 1/3 close branch；
C, pest and disease damage: disease: with fresh bacterium material, matrix and leaf fragment when culture bacterium bed；Insect pest: small when cultivating bacterium bed
Phoxim is spread in compartment ditch and gutter when the bottom at cellar, sowing；
8) it excavates, supplement the nutrients: after plantation when the next winter, the excavation of spring in third year, only taking arrow numb, retain hoary hair fiber crops and rice
Fiber crops store in original and 6~10cm of diameter are added, and 25~30 section of green lumber section of long 20cm supplements the nutrients, and earthing is kept intact.
2. gastrodia elata f. glauca pseudo-wild cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step 3) Germination Strain with
After seed mixing, it is packed into polybag, is sowed after 2~3 days.
3. gastrodia elata f. glauca pseudo-wild cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: every 100kg branch in step 4)
With wild halimasch shoestring 1kg or wild halimasch bacterium wooden unit 6kg.
4. gastrodia elata f. glauca pseudo-wild cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 4) is dispensed, by step
5) operation of dress bacterium material becomes in: directly selecting wild halimasch shoestring, first part shoestring is embedded in fish scale mouth, main material gap
In tiltedly put connection branch section, then put the covering of some shoestrings, every cellar shoestring 0.1kg.
5. gastrodia elata f. glauca pseudo-wild cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 4) is dispensed, by step
5) operation of dress bacterium material becomes in: wild halimasch bacterium tree block is selected, is sprinkling upon in main material fish scale mouth and gap, every cellar
1kg；One layer of material of filling a vacancy is spread in the gap of main material again, every cellar 1kg covers matrix, then cover woven bag, soil is spread on bag, above
In lid deadwood, fallen leaves, weeds moisture-heat preservation.
6. gastrodia elata f. glauca pseudo-wild cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step 6) is sowed 1 year
Afterwards, plane opens dry branches and fallen leaves and stores seed dressing Germination Strain dispenser in the outer mud layer with shoestring, covers back dry branches and fallen leaves.
7. gastrodia elata f. glauca pseudo-wild cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: when the step 7) manages,
Fence is enclosed on Rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation periphery, and red banners are pulled on fence.
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