CN103947508A - Method for Badam nursery stock whole-covering provisonal planting cold-proof overwintering - Google Patents
Method for Badam nursery stock whole-covering provisonal planting cold-proof overwintering Download PDFInfo
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- CN103947508A CN103947508A CN201410221365.7A CN201410221365A CN103947508A CN 103947508 A CN103947508 A CN 103947508A CN 201410221365 A CN201410221365 A CN 201410221365A CN 103947508 A CN103947508 A CN 103947508A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for Badam nursery stock whole-covering provisonal planting cold-proof overwintering. Before soil is frozen up, a hand-excavation north-south rectangular provisonal planting pit with the consistent height with a nursery stock and with certain length is adopted, and the nursery stock is lifted and bundled; after the nursery stock is subjected to root dipping and slurry dipping disinfection processing, soil, carbendazim and water are stirred at the ratio of 100:5:100 to 100:5:120 to obtain even soupy thick slurry; the root of the lifted nursery stock is dipped with the slurry; the roots of the nursery stocks are downwards intensively embedded into sandy loam in different rows in sequence into a cold-proof pit which is dug in advance for provisonal planting; halms or straws are vertically inserted at a certain distance to keep the nursery stocks ventilating; after the pit is fully planted with the nursery stocks, the nursery stocks are disinfected; the top of the provisonal planting pit is covered with a slipcover with a certain thickness. According to the method, the Badam nursery stock can be protected to go through the winter without being frozen to the maximum degree. Meanwhile, the method can perform the purpose of planting nursery stock provisonal planting in winter, the planting survival rate is high, and the method has a wide practicality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the survive the winter technical field of cold-proof protection of northern fruit nursery stock, be specifically related to a kind ofly cling to dawn wood nursery stock all standing and heel in cold-proof technical field of surviving the winter.
Background technology
Ba Danmu (
amygdalus communis L.) formal name used at school almond, belong to rose family Li Yake peach and belong to almond subgenus deciduous tree, be the peculiar dry fruit tree variety in the world and Xinjiang and the woody oily section of high-quality seeds.Its kind of benevolence contains the compositions such as rich in protein, unsaturated fatty acid, mineral element, vitamin and enzyme, has important nutrition and economic worth, is widely used in food, health products, medicine and chemical engineering industry.
As one of bar dawn wood normal region Kashi Area of Xingjiang Autonomous Region, it is also Chinese unique main producing region.Current whole district bar dawn wood area under cultivation has broken through 1,000,000 mu, output 3.0～3.5 ten thousand ton, and bar dawn wood producing region had become one of pillar industry of local economic development already.Yet, being subject to the impact of global warming and extreme natural weather disaster, Winter-Spring, Xinjiang in Recent Years bar dawn wood producing region low temperature freezing-disaster occurs frequent, to producing region bar dawn wood industry, has caused great economic loss and impact.On the one hand, the producing region result bar ebon florescence in spring at dawn is on the occasion of South Sinkiang gale and duststorm weather, very easily form cold current or cold late spring, now temperature Change is violent, sometimes temperature can be down to below 0 ℃ by 10 ℃ suddenly above, thereby bud, flower and young fruit to bar dawn ebon cause great harm, often can cause a large amount of underproduction of Ba Danmu even to be had no harvest, on the other hand, Xinjiang is located in north of China and innerland, Eurasia, Ba Danmu producing region, South Sinkiang winter temperature is lower, snowfall is less than 50～100 millimeters more, be subject to the impact of unstable cold current and meteorological condition, also can form extreme low temperature freezing-disaster weather, now temperature can be down to below-20 ℃, due to winter ground temperature lower, frost in the soil, the movable decline of bar dawn wood root system, moisture supply stops, and the branch of seedling overground part is in windy and dry and cold weather conditions, in addition it organizes relatively young tender, degree of lignification is low, branch moisture passes through hole skin, wound constantly scatters and disappears, therefore cause the supply of tree body moisture unbalance, there is physiological drought, in addition, because seedling numbers is large, the common employing open country of prior art is artificial cold-proof as trunk is wrapped up straw and whitewashed, collar is earthed up, fumigation workload is large and inconvenient, once seedling is subject to low temperature freezing-disaster, the lighter often causes branch to wilt, germinate slow irregular, severe one part branch is withered, the brown stain of collar phloem downright bad, even whole strain tree body is dead, and this phenomenon is set by multiple nursery stock and the treelet that is born in life in 1～3 year.In recent years winter-spring season, there is serious low temperature freezing-disaster in Ba Danmu producing region, South Sinkiang, Xinjiang, within continuous 7 days, there are-20.0 ℃ of following chilling process in Keshen, extreme low temperature once reached below-24.1 ℃, created historical ultimate attainment, statistics according to investigations afterwards, this time low temperature freezing-disaster causes producing region bar dawn wood branch and bud seriously to endure cold, Bud Cold Damage expulsion rate, up to more than 95%, has no harvest substantially; In addition, this time low temperature freezing-disaster also directly causes the 9900 ten thousand strain grafting bar dawn wood seedling acrial part branches that breed in nursery, producing region drain or freeze to death, and suffers heavy losses.According to investigation, since 2000, the occurrence frequency of producing region, Xinjiang apricot seedling overwintering freeze injury increases, and disaster degree increases the weight of year by year, and this has badly influenced the benign development of bar dawn wood industry.Bar dawn wood seedling quality is concerning bar dawn wood planting survival rate, prerequisite and the basis that will expand from now on the scale of planting and improve plantation achievement and benefit, therefore, bar dawn wood low temperature freezing-disaster is the research of nursery stock low temperature freezing-disaster and safeguard procedures especially, is also to produce and the technical problem of solution is badly in need of in R&D institution.
Summary of the invention
For existing both at home and abroad about having no the especially state of the art of nursery stock low temperature freezing-disaster and guard technology measure of bar dawn wood low temperature freezing-disaster, the real needs of the serious stern form taking place frequently according to producing region, Xinjiang apricot low temperature freezing-disaster and the cold-proof protection of bar dawn wood seedling overwintering, the defect or the deficiency that for overcoming the cold-proof technical measures of conventional seedling overwintering, exist, object of the present invention is intended to provide a kind of and clings to all standing of dawn wood nursery stock and heel in cold-proof method of surviving the winter, can farthest protect bar dawn wood nursery stock safe overwintering and exempt from freeze injury, also can play the object that the nursery stock of planting spring is heeled in simultaneously, be conducive to improve the cold-proof effect of nursery stock and reduce labour intensity and improve its planting survival rate.
The main technical schemes that the present invention adopts:
The present invention aims to provide and a kind ofly in north of china in winter arid and cold region, utilizes all standing to heel in principle to cling to the cold-proof method of surviving the winter of dawn wood nursery stock, the method is before north bar dawn wood main producing region soil is freeze-up, according to local nursery lot, educate bar dawn wood seedling growth height and quantity, adopt the rectangle of the North and South direction of hand excavation's and tool certain length consistent with seedling height to heel in hole, then all lifting bundlings of wood of garden ground institute being grown seedlings, and soak through root, dip in slurry disinfect after, in successively nursery stock root being arranged in a row for downward minute in the cold-proof dell digging in advance, imbed in the sandy loam that certain depth and water content are moderate and heel in, perpendicular slotting a bundle straw or stalk keep ventilated between nursery stock at a certain distance simultaneously, after cheating interior nursery stock and being booked, row nursery stock sterilization again, last certain thickness stalk or the straw bag covering of covering at the top of heeling in hole, the method can farthest be protected bar dawn wood nursery stock safe overwintering and exempt from freeze injury, also can play the object that the nursery stock of planting spring is heeled in simultaneously, be conducive to improve the cold-proof effect of nursery stock and reduce labour intensity and improve its planting survival rate, through the dell in nearly 80 days of winter, heel in cold-proof protection storage, when transplant spring, check that development now there is no top branch " stripping ", the rhizome portion bast browning phenomenon of enduring cold, its cultivation planting survival rate in spring is up to more than 92%.
The present invention specifically provides a kind of and clings to all standing of dawn wood nursery stock and heel in cold-proof method of surviving the winter; in season in late autumn; selection nursery periphery physical features is high and dry, leeward on the sunny side, draining is good, place ground moistening is dug and heeled in dell; then at nursery lot, carry out lifting; after classified and concentrated minute to arrange and heel in the dell digging in advance; finally in hole, nursery stock top all standing stalk mode is carried out the cold-proof protection of seedling overwintering again, and concrete grammar step is as follows:
(1) dig and heel in dell: before soils of north China is freeze-up, bar dawn wood nursery lot select nearby leeward on the sunny side, the place of good, the ground moistening of draining, dig and heel in dell, the degree of depth of heeling in dell is with to heel in seedling height consistent, the length of heeling in dell is looked nursery stock and how much is determined, heel in one end of the bottom ditch of dell and make skew wall, be beneficial to nursery stock and lean to and pile up, the river sand soil of stacking some and humidity in the bottom of heeling in dell is standby.
(2) lifting: the stalwartness bar dawn wood nursery stock that nursery is cultivated, utilize machinery or manually carry out lifting, before lifting, must prune, staying 3～4 cutting backs of vigorous branches of top different directions, length 20cm, other branches are all wiped out, and wipe out oversize main root after lifting, and the root system degree of depth, amplitude are advisable with 30cm, according to seedling height and rhizome rugosity, carry out seedling quality classification afterwards, every 50 strain a bundles, and in water root immersion more than 12 hours, for preventing nursery stock dehydration.
(3) dip in mud: for preventing from pruning root system wound courses of infection, with the mixed muddy water of 50% carbendazol wettable powder bactericide, stir and make mud, mud is native according to weight ratio: carbendazim: water=100:5:(100～120), proportioning, Yi Kunwei unit dips mud by step (2) the nursery stock root that rises, and take each nursery stock root obviously to see there is adherence of mud fluid as standard.
(4) heel in: by step (1) heeling in dell of digging in advance, along skew wall one side, rise, dig wide, dark each 35cm～45cm heels in ditch, will be through pruning, immersion and the nursery stock root dipping in after mud conditioning are downward, by the single ditch central authorities of digging that put into successively of bundle, keep root system to unfold, often pile up a row nursery stock and with preprepared river sand soil and soil, mixed lid layer immediately, overburden depth is all imbedded in soil and is reached nursery stock rhizome portion with root system and is advisable, it is real that nursery stock surrounding blinding is wanted, loose place will be treaded, compress, make nursery stock and bury soil to combine closely, after the nursery stock of the 1st ditch has been buried, then in the second ditch scraping out by bundle single pendulum nursery stock at root earthing, advance from south to north so successively until all nursery stock heel in complete, for prevent from heeling in seedling root mouldy the rotting of being heated in the future, nursery stock, heel in process, every 3～5 rows, by 1～2 meter of spacing, heeling in perpendicular a bundle straw or the stalk of inserting between nursery stock, keep ventilated between seedling root and nursery stock.
(5) nursery stock sterilization: all piled up and buried after earthing wait nursery stock in heeling in dell, will prepare in advance the lime sulfur that concentration is 3～5 ° of Be, evenly sprayed and carry out nursery stock sterilization cheating the nursery stock of interior discharge, this method has diseases and pests controlling effect concurrently.
(6) top covers: northern area relatively dry in winter and cold, for guaranteeing nursery stock safe overwintering, heeling in above after hours, the stalk covering that recycles local crop when soil is freeze-up carries out even all standing to heeling in nursery stock heeling in dell top and surrounding, and thickness is advisable with 30cm.
In the present invention, be freeze-up first about 7～10 days of soils of north China described season in late autumn, and annual mid-November is to the last ten-days period.
In the present invention, heel in dark for rectangular body and be south-north direction, and with local winter main air direction vertical, the degree of depth of heeling in dell with heel in seedling height quite or slightly high.
In the present invention, one end of heeling in the bottom ditch of dell is that skew wall is made in southern side, and skew wall and ground angle approximately at 45 ° is beneficial to nursery stock and leans to and pile up.
In the present invention, stack the river sand soil that some and humidity are suitable standby in the bottom of heeling in dell, the quantity of river sand soil is according to demand, and river sand moisture is agglomerating with holding with water content, i.e. loose being advisable of touching.
In the present invention, in the bottom of heeling in dell, stack the river sand soil that humidity is 60%.
In the present invention, adopt cornstalk, cotton stalk, rice straw or common coverings such as straw screen or mat to heeling in nursery stock, to carry out even all standing heeling in dell top and surrounding.
In the present invention, utilize artificial or mechanical lifting, before lifting, nursery stock acrial part branch is pruned, stay 3～4 cutting backs of vigorous branches of top different directions, length 20cm, other branches are all wiped out, after lifting, wipe out oversize main root, the root system degree of depth, amplitude are advisable with 30cm, carry out seedling quality classification afterwards according to seedling height and rhizome rugosity, and every 50 strains are bundled into a bundle, hang up label, indicate kind, quantity, grade, lifting date and time information, and root immersion more than 12 hours, guarantees to prevent nursery stock dehydration in water.
In the present invention, playing nursery stock root dips in mud, by soil: carbendazim (wetting powder): water mixes according to the ratio of weight ratio 100:5:100 to 100:5:120, making pasty state thickened drilling fluid invades and dips in nursery stock root, dipping method for slurry is, holds nursery stock and ties up place, with seedling bundle or seedling, does with slime water plane and is 10～15 degree oblique angles, flicking of seedling root is entered in mud, evenly firmly in mud, from one side, to another side, pull; Then the another side flicking of root system is entered to mud, in mud, pull equally, mention seedling bundle and check whether root system all dips in mud, the wait that puts aside after passed examination is heeled in, if also have root system exposed after dipping in slurry for twice, use the same method again the left and right face of root system is dipped in to slurry in mud, until each nursery stock root is obviously shown in that having adherence of mud fluid is standard.
In the present invention, the river sand soil of wetting mixes with the 1:1 ratio of cutting the earth by weight and with it, buries root and heel in, the blinding degree of depth is all imbedded in soil and is reached nursery stock rhizome portion with root system and is advisable, nursery stock surrounding blinding is also treaded, is compressed, make nursery stock and bury soil to combine closely, for prevent that nursery stock is heated mouldy rotten because covering the root system causing in the future.
In the present invention, wait nursery stock in heeling in dell, all piled up and buried after soil, utilized Insecticide sprayer or sprayer, packed the lime sulfur of 3～5 ° of Be concentration that prepare in advance into, to heeling in the nursery stock of discharging in dell, evenly spray to carry out disinfection, have diseases and pests controlling effect simultaneously concurrently.
Cold-proof wintering method is heeled in a kind of bar dawn wood nursery stock all standing provided by the invention; relatively be applicable to Arid Region of Northern and uprightly survive the winter and carry out the cold-proof covering of the artificial lifting resist technology of surviving the winter under in the winter time-20 ℃ of following conditions of nut nonwood forest trees, there is practicality and specific aim widely.
By implementing the concrete summary of the invention of the present invention, can reach following effect:
(1) adopting bar dawn wood nursery stock all standing provided by the invention to heel in cold-proof method of surviving the winter significantly promotes the cold-proof effect of Kashi bar dawn wood main producing region 1～2 raw nursery stock cold-proof technical measures of more local conventional open country; through the dell in nearly 80 days of winter, heel in cold-proof protection storage; when transplant spring, check that development now there is no top branch " stripping ", the rhizome portion bast browning phenomenon of enduring cold, it plants spring planting survival rate up to more than 92%.
(2) adopt the inventive method, not only can reduce to greatest extent the harm of northern area bar dawn wood (flat wood) nursery stock winter low temperature freeze injury, meanwhile, also can be the garden of building of planting spring provides high-quality to heel in nursery stock, postpone leaf bud germination period, be conducive to improve planting survival rate high; In addition, also reduce to a certain extent survive the winter cold-proof manual operation labour intensity reduce its input cost of nursery nursery stock routine, for producing region bar dawn wood seedling overwintering is cold-proof, found effective, an easy and simple to handle new method.
Embodiment
Below, for embodiment, the present invention is described, still, the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
The supplementary materials such as all Chinese herbal medicines of selecting in the present invention are all well known selecting, but do not limit enforcement of the present invention, and in addition, in following explanation, if no special instructions, % all refers to m/m mass percent.
embodiment mono-:
In season in late autumn; select the suitable place of periphery, nursery to dig and heel in dell; then or mechanical work mode artificial in nursery lot employing carried out lifting; after suitably processing classification and concentrated minute to arrange and heel in the dell digging in advance; thereby finally the covering such as nursery stock top and surrounding stalks mulching carries out the cold-proof protection of seedling overwintering in hole again, cling to wooden nursery stock all standing of dawn and heel in cold-proof concrete grammar of surviving the winter and comprise following concrete steps:
(1) dig and heel in dell: before soils of north China is freeze-up, bar dawn wood nursery lot select nearby leeward on the sunny side, the place of good, the ground moistening of draining, dig and heel in dell, the degree of depth of heeling in dell is with to heel in seedling height consistent, the length of heeling in dell is looked nursery stock and how much is determined, heel in one end of the bottom ditch of dell and make skew wall, be beneficial to nursery stock and lean to and pile up, the river sand soil of stacking some and humidity in the bottom of heeling in dell is standby.
(2) lifting: the stalwartness bar dawn wood nursery stock that nursery is cultivated, utilize machinery or manually carry out lifting, before lifting, must prune, staying 3～4 cutting backs of vigorous branches of top different directions, length 20cm, other branches are all wiped out, and wipe out oversize main root after lifting, and the root system degree of depth, amplitude are advisable with 30cm, according to seedling height and rhizome rugosity, carry out seedling quality classification afterwards, every 50 strain a bundles, and in water root immersion more than 12 hours, for preventing nursery stock dehydration.
(3) dip in mud: for preventing from pruning root system wound courses of infection, with the mixed muddy water of 50% carbendazol wettable powder bactericide, stir and make mud, mud is native according to weight ratio: carbendazim: water=100:5:(100～120), proportioning, Yi Kunwei unit dips mud by step (2) the nursery stock root that rises, and take each nursery stock root obviously to see there is adherence of mud fluid as standard.
(4) heel in: by step (1) heeling in dell of digging in advance, along skew wall one side, rise, dig wide, dark each 35cm～45cm heels in ditch, will be through pruning, immersion and the nursery stock root dipping in after mud conditioning are downward, by the single ditch central authorities of digging that put into successively of bundle, keep root system to unfold, often pile up a row nursery stock and with preprepared river sand soil and soil, mixed lid layer immediately, overburden depth is all imbedded in soil and is reached nursery stock rhizome portion with root system and is advisable, it is real that nursery stock surrounding blinding is wanted, loose place will be treaded, compress, make nursery stock and bury soil to combine closely, after the nursery stock of the 1st ditch has been buried, then in the second ditch scraping out by bundle single pendulum nursery stock at root earthing, advance from south to north so successively until all nursery stock heel in complete, for prevent from heeling in seedling root mouldy the rotting of being heated in the future, nursery stock, heel in process, every 3～5 rows, by 1～2 meter of spacing, heeling in perpendicular a bundle straw or the stalk of inserting between nursery stock, keep ventilated between seedling root and nursery stock.
(5) nursery stock sterilization: all piled up and buried after earthing wait nursery stock in heeling in dell, will prepare in advance the lime sulfur that concentration is 3～5 ° of Be, evenly sprayed and carry out nursery stock sterilization cheating the nursery stock of interior discharge, this method has diseases and pests controlling effect concurrently.
(6) top covers: northern area relatively dry in winter and cold, for guaranteeing nursery stock safe overwintering, heeling in above after hours, the stalk covering that recycles local crop when soil is freeze-up carries out even all standing to heeling in nursery stock heeling in dell top and surrounding, and thickness is advisable with 30cm.
Below in conjunction with all standings of bis-to three couples of embodiment bar provided by the invention dawn wood nursery stock, heel in the optimization of cold-proof method of surviving the winter or/and improve and be further described:
embodiment bis-:
In the present invention, be freeze-up first about 7～10 days of soils of north China described season in late autumn, and annual mid-November is to the last ten-days period.
In the present invention, heel in dark for rectangular body and be south-north direction, and with local winter main air direction vertical, the degree of depth of heeling in dell with heel in seedling height quite or slightly high.
In the present invention, one end of heeling in the bottom ditch of dell is that skew wall is made in southern side, and skew wall and ground angle approximately at 45 ° is beneficial to nursery stock and leans to and pile up.
In the present invention, stack the river sand soil that some and humidity are suitable standby in the bottom of heeling in dell, the quantity of river sand soil is according to demand, and river sand moisture is agglomerating with holding with water content, i.e. loose being advisable of touching.
In the present invention, in the bottom of heeling in dell, stack the river sand soil that humidity is 60%.
In the present invention, adopt cornstalk, cotton stalk, rice straw or common coverings such as straw screen or mat to heeling in nursery stock, to carry out even all standing heeling in dell top and surrounding.
In the present invention, utilize artificial or mechanical lifting, before lifting, nursery stock acrial part branch is pruned, stay 3～4 cutting backs of vigorous branches of top different directions, length 20cm, other branches are all wiped out, after lifting, wipe out oversize main root, the root system degree of depth, amplitude are advisable with 30cm, carry out seedling quality classification afterwards according to seedling height and rhizome rugosity, and every 50 strains are bundled into a bundle, hang up label, indicate kind, quantity, grade, lifting date and time information, and root immersion more than 12 hours, guarantees to prevent nursery stock dehydration in water.
In the present invention, the carbendazim of employing is common wetting powder.
In the present invention, wait nursery stock in heeling in dell, all piled up and buried after soil, utilized Insecticide sprayer or sprayer, packed the lime sulfur of 3～5 ° of Be concentration that prepare in advance into, to cheating the nursery stock of interior discharge, evenly spray to carry out disinfection, have diseases and pests controlling effect simultaneously concurrently.
embodiment tri-:
In the present invention, playing nursery stock root dips in mud, by soil: carbendazim (wetting powder): water mixes according to the ratio of weight ratio 100:5:100 to 100:5:120, making pasty state thickened drilling fluid invades and dips in nursery stock root, dipping method for slurry is, holds nursery stock and ties up place, with seedling bundle or seedling, does with slime water plane and is 10～15 degree oblique angles, flicking of seedling root is entered in mud, evenly firmly in mud, from one side, to another side, pull; Then the another side flicking of root system is entered to mud, in mud, pull equally, mention seedling bundle and check whether root system all dips in mud, the wait that puts aside after passed examination is heeled in, if also have root system exposed after dipping in slurry for twice, use the same method again the left and right face of root system is dipped in to slurry in mud, until each nursery stock root is obviously shown in that having adherence of mud fluid is standard.
In the present invention, heeling in dell of digging in advance, along skew wall one side, rise, dig wide, dark each 35cm～45cm heels in ditch, in the central by tying the single nursery stock of putting into successively, keep root system to unfold, and the river sand soil that will wet: cut the earth and to mix and to bury root with it and heel in by weight 1:1 ratio, the blinding degree of depth is all imbedded in soil and is reached nursery stock rhizome portion with root system and is advisable, nursery stock surrounding blinding is also treaded, compress, make nursery stock and bury soil to combine closely, for prevent that nursery stock is heated mouldy rotten because covering the root system causing in the future, every 3～5 rows, by 1～2 meter of spacing, heeling in perpendicular a bundle straw or the stalk of inserting between nursery stock, keep ventilated between seedling root and nursery stock.
Below in conjunction with all standings of embodiment tetra-to five pairs of bar provided by the invention dawn wood nursery stock, heeling in cold-proof wintering method further illustrates the wood nursery stock all standing of provided by the invention bar dawn through overtesting practice and heels in cold-proof wintering method and have the significant technique effect of giving prominence to:
The technical scheme providing in order to complete the invention described above, applicant has carried out nursery stock Investigation on Frost Damage in Kashi Area of Xingjiang Autonomous Region, bar dawn wood producing region for many years, nursery stock cold-proof dig pit layout and design, the lifting time, lifting is pruned, seedling quality, nursery stock root is processed, nursery stock is heeled in the degree of depth, research and the test of the aspects such as top cover selection, referring to table 1, making to cling to all standing of dawn wood nursery stock heels in Winter protection method and significantly improves compared with the cold-proof effect of the conventional Winter protection method of open country, and can improve the survival rate that nursery stock is planted spring, in addition, also reduced to a certain extent survive the winter cold-proof manual operation labour intensity reduce its input cost of nursery stock routine, for producing region bar dawn wood seedling overwintering is cold-proof, found one effective, new method easy and simple to handle.
table 1: different cold-proof processing on the bar dawn wood cold-proof effect of nursery stock and spring planting survival rate impact
embodiment tetra-:
State-run two forest farms of the Kashi Area of Xingjiang Autonomous Region Shache County of take are example, this forest farm Ge production team in 2007 is short of seedling to set to one-tenth Ba Danmu production in age garden and has carried out after-culture work in spring, accumulation is mended and is planted wood Grafted Variety nursery stock approximately 3000 strains of bar dawn, and planting survival rate reaches 65% left and right then.Within 2008, Winter-Spring replaces the time, the local prominent extreme low temperature freeze injury weather that suffers, extreme low temperature reaches-23.5 ℃, cause the large tree of production garden result bar dawn wood bud to endure cold to come off, trunk bursting by freezing, be close to then total crop failure, though adopt conventional trunk whitewashing method to protect to it before the bar dawn of its after-culture wood treelet enters the winter, because of this low temperature freezing-disaster, drain on mostly witheredly, cause serious economic loss, 2011, 2 groups, this forest farm nursery has been carried out the wood Grafted Variety seedling-wood breeding work of bar dawn, grow seedlings altogether wood more than 20000 strains, enter by the end of November then winter soil freeze-up before, in this forest farm nursery, adopt technical solution of the present invention, selection physical features is high and dry, leeward facing south, draining is good, the location of ground moistening, dig long 20 meters, wide 5 meters, dark 1.2 meters heel in dell, adopt artificial lifting, appropriateness is pruned and root relief, mud dips in root sterilization pre-treatment and adopts soil: carbendazim (wetting powder): water is according to weight ratio 100:5:100 to 100:5:120, and in hole, dig wide, dark each 40cm heels in ditch and heels in, agglomerating with holding, the loose river sand of loosing one's grip is mixed ditching loam and is mixed, with it, root system is all imbedded in soil and reach nursery stock rhizome portion, nursery stock surrounding blinding is treaded, compress, make nursery stock and bury soil to combine closely, every 3 rows, heel in nursery stock, 1.5 meters of vertical slotting a bundle alfas of spacing, treat that whole nursery stocks are after heeling in hole septal fossula buries, the lime sulfur that packs 5 ° of Be with stretcher type pesticide spraying machine into sprays sterilization to heeling in nursery stock, finally when soil is freeze-up, the maize straw that utilizes local plantation carries out the even all standing protection of surviving the winter, stalk thickness 30cm to heeling in nursery stock heeling in dell top and surrounding.Through winter severe cold test in 2011, when within 2012, spring, digging was planted, check, institute heels in bar dawn wood nursery stock and covers gravity backfin because of top stalk except indivedual tapers, do not find low temperature freezing-disaster situation, this employing is heeled in nursery stock and is carried out building spring garden, according to its planting survival rate of post-survey, reaches more than 92%.
embodiment five:
Take test site, Ba Danmu nursery, Shache County Ying Wusitang township, Kaxgar Prefecture is example, 2009 6 groups, 7 village, Nian Gai townshiies are by the peach anvil seeding and seedling raising that grows directly from seeds, cultivate 100 mu of bar dawn wood rootstock seedlings, adopt u.s. variety to carry out bud grafting to peach anvil in March, 2011,450,000 strains of grafting strain number.For preventing the nursery stock low temperature freezing-disaster harm of local Winter-Spring, entered November 20 then winter soil freeze-up before, adopt technical solution of the present invention to carry out nursery stock Winterization Test, nursery, Gai township selects physical features high and dry, leeward facing south, draining is good, the location of ground moistening, dig long 20 meters, wide 10 meters, dark 1.5 meters heel in dell, adopt excavator lifting (approximately more than 40000 strain), nursery stock is carried out to appropriateness prunes and root relief, then with mud, dip in root and disinfect employing soil: carbendazim (wetting powder): water is according to weight ratio 100:5:100 to 100:5:120, and in hole, dig wide, dark each 45cm heels in ditch and heels in, agglomerating with holding, the loose river sand of loosing one's grip is mixed ditching loam and is mixed and root system is all imbedded in soil and reach nursery stock rhizome portion, nursery stock surrounding blinding is treaded, compress, make nursery stock and bury soil to combine closely, every 5 rows, heel in nursery stock, 2 meters of vertical a bundle corn stalk of inserting of spacing, treat that whole nursery stocks are after heeling in hole septal fossula buries, the lime sulfur that packs 3 ° of Be with stretcher type pesticide spraying machine into sprays sterilization to heeling in nursery stock, finally when soil is freeze-up, the maize straw that utilizes local plantation carries out the even all standing protection of surviving the winter, stalk thickness 30cm to heeling in nursery stock heeling in dell top and surrounding.
When within 2012, plant spring (mid-March), excavate endure cold situation add up its planting survival rate mid-June of dell investigation nursery stock, result of the test shows to adopt the bar dawn wood nursery stock that the inventive method is heeled in to remove the slight mechanical damage causing while getting seedling spring, only extremely indivedual branch sternly do not cause outside stripping because covering, substantially without freeze injury, occur on inspection, through the bar dawn of this batch of transplanted seedling tree wood plant percent, reach more than 86%.
Claims (10)
1. one kind is clung to all standing of dawn wood nursery stock and heels in cold-proof method of surviving the winter; it is characterized in that; in season in late autumn; selection nursery periphery physical features is high and dry, leeward on the sunny side, draining is good, place ground moistening is dug and heeled in dell; then at nursery lot, carry out lifting; after classified and concentrated minute to arrange and heel in the dell digging in advance, finally in cheating, nursery stock top all standing stalk mode is carried out the cold-proof protection of seedling overwintering again, and concrete grammar step is as follows:
(1) dig and heel in dell: before soils of north China is freeze-up, bar dawn wood nursery lot select nearby leeward on the sunny side, the place of good, the ground moistening of draining, dig and heel in dell, the degree of depth of heeling in dell is with to heel in seedling height consistent, the length of heeling in dell is looked nursery stock and how much is determined, heel in one end of the bottom ditch of dell and make skew wall, be beneficial to nursery stock and lean to and pile up, the river sand soil of stacking some and humidity in the bottom of heeling in dell is standby;
(2) lifting: the stalwartness bar dawn wood nursery stock that nursery is cultivated, utilize machinery or manually carry out lifting, before lifting, must prune, staying 3～4 cutting backs of vigorous branches of top different directions, length 20cm, other branches are all wiped out, and wipe out oversize main root after lifting, and the root system degree of depth, amplitude are advisable with 30cm, according to seedling height and rhizome rugosity, carry out seedling quality classification afterwards, every 50 strain a bundles, and root immersion more than 12 hours, prevents nursery stock dehydration in water;
(3) dip in mud: for preventing from pruning root system wound courses of infection, with the mixed muddy water of 50% carbendazol wettable powder bactericide, stir and make mud, mud with soil, carbendazim and water according to weight ratio 100:5:100 to 100:5:120 proportioning, Yi Kunwei unit dips mud by step (2) the nursery stock root that rises, and take each nursery stock root obviously to see there is adherence of mud fluid as standard;
(4) heel in: by step (1) heeling in dell of digging in advance, along skew wall one side, rise, dig wide, dark each 35cm～45cm heels in ditch, will be through pruning, immersion and the nursery stock root dipping in after mud conditioning are downward, by the single ditch central authorities of digging that put into successively of bundle, keep root system to unfold, often pile up a row nursery stock and with preprepared river sand soil and soil, mixed lid layer immediately, overburden depth is all imbedded in soil and is reached nursery stock rhizome portion with root system and is advisable, it is real that nursery stock surrounding blinding is wanted, loose place will be treaded, compress, make nursery stock and bury soil to combine closely, after the nursery stock of the 1st ditch has been buried, then in the second ditch scraping out by bundle single pendulum nursery stock at root earthing, advance from south to north so successively until all nursery stock heel in complete, for prevent from heeling in seedling root mouldy the rotting of being heated in the future, nursery stock, heel in process, every 3～5 rows, by 1～2 meter of spacing, heeling in perpendicular a bundle straw or the stalk of inserting between nursery stock, keep ventilated between seedling root and nursery stock,
(5) nursery stock sterilization: all piled up and buried after earthing wait nursery stock in heeling in dell, will prepare in advance the lime sulfur that concentration is 3～5 ° of Be, evenly sprayed and carry out nursery stock sterilization cheating the nursery stock of interior discharge, this method has diseases and pests controlling effect concurrently;
(6) top covers: northern area relatively dry in winter and cold, for guaranteeing nursery stock safe overwintering, heeling in above after hours, the stalk covering that recycles local crop when soil is freeze-up carries out even all standing to heeling in nursery stock heeling in dell top and surrounding, and thickness is advisable with 30cm.
2. cold-proof method of surviving the winter is heeled in bar dawn wood nursery stock all standing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, be freeze-up first about 7～10 days of soils of north China described season in late autumn, and annual mid-November is to the last ten-days period.
3. cold-proof method of surviving the winter is heeled in bar dawn wood nursery stock all standing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described heel in dark for rectangular body and be south-north direction, and with local winter main air direction vertical, the degree of depth of heeling in dell with heel in seedling height quite or slightly high.
4. cold-proof method of surviving the winter is heeled in bar dawn as claimed in claim 1 wood nursery stock all standing, it is characterized in that, one end of the described bottom ditch of heeling in dell is that skew wall is made in southern side, and skew wall and ground angle approximately at 45 ° is beneficial to nursery stock and leans to and pile up.
5. cold-proof method of surviving the winter is heeled in bar dawn wood nursery stock all standing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described river sand moisture is agglomerating with holding with water content, i.e. loose being advisable of touching.
6. cold-proof method of surviving the winter is heeled in bar dawn wood nursery stock all standing as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described stacking river, the bottom sand moisture heeling in dell is 60%.
7. cold-proof method of surviving the winter is heeled in bar dawn wood nursery stock all standing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described employing cornstalk, cotton stalk, rice straw or common coverings such as straw screen or mat carry out even all standing to heeling in nursery stock heeling in dell top and surrounding.
8. cold-proof method of surviving the winter is heeled in bar dawn wood nursery stock all standing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described nursery stock root that rises is dipped in mud, by soil: carbendazim (wetting powder): water mixes according to the ratio of weight ratio 100:5:100 to 100:5:120, making pasty state thickened drilling fluid invades and dips in nursery stock root, dipping method for slurry is, hold nursery stock and tie up place, with seedling bundle or seedling, do with slime water plane and be 10～15 degree oblique angles, flicking of seedling root is entered in mud, evenly firmly in mud, from one side, to another side, pull; Then the another side flicking of root system is entered to mud, in mud, pull equally, mention seedling bundle and check whether root system all dips in mud, the wait that puts aside after passed examination is heeled in, if also have root system exposed after dipping in slurry for twice, use the same method again the left and right face of root system is dipped in to slurry in mud, until each nursery stock root is obviously shown in that having adherence of mud fluid is standard.
9. cold-proof method of surviving the winter is heeled in bar dawn as claimed in claim 1 wood nursery stock all standing, it is characterized in that described wet river sand soil and cut the earth and mix and bury root with it and heel in by weight 1:1 ratio.
10. cold-proof wintering method is heeled in the Arid Region of Northern nut nonwood forest trees all standing of uprightly surviving the winter; it is characterized in that; under in the winter time-20 ℃ of following conditions, carry out the cold-proof covering overwintering protection method of artificial lifting, guard method adopts as above described in any one claim.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107896785A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-04-13 | 陕西省西安植物园 | A kind of northern open field soil implantation methods for extending Flos Daturae arboreae viewing period |
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