CN104145726B - Mongolia dragon spruce carries out the method for cultivating and growing in technique in Xinjiang plain area - Google Patents
Mongolia dragon spruce carries out the method for cultivating and growing in technique in Xinjiang plain area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the cultivation and grow method technical field of exotic tree in forestry science and technology, particularly relate to a kind of Mongolian dragon spruce carries out cultivating and growing method in technique in Xinjiang plain area, the method comprises the following steps: one, the preparation of thickleaf spruce stock; Two, the preparation of Mongolian dragon spruce scion; Three, grafting; Four, grafting final-period management.By method of the present invention, the Mongolian dragon spruce introducing Plain Area of Xinjiang basic soil ecological region planting that Inner Mongol white tone pile of stones Sandy Soil is faintly acid reaction will be distributed in, highly successful, become the evergreen needle ornamental tree species that a kind of preciousness of raw cultivating and growing can be fitted in technique in Xinjiang plain area.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cultivation and grow method technical field of exotic tree in forestry science and technology, particularly relate to Mongolian dragon spruce carries out cultivating and growing method in technique in Xinjiang plain area.
Background technology
The original Picea mongolica Forest of white tone pile of stones nature reserve, Inner Mongol distribution, species taxonomy status is always controversial.These species are regarded as Picea koraiensis Nakai PiceakoraiensisNakai at first by Zheng Wanjun nineteen eighty-three in " Chinese tree will ".Xu Wenduo nineteen eighty-three, the first phase, " Inner Mongol sand ground was white at " plant ecology and geobotany journal "
with in vain
woods " and Zhou Wenliang etc. within 1986, all these species are regarded as white in " Heilungkiang silva "
(Picea meyeri) PiceameyeriRehd.etwils..These species, in " plant research " first phase in 1994 " research of an Inner Mongol Picea Mongolica classification " literary composition, are independently become a new species-Picea Mongolica Piceamongolica (H.Q.Wu) W.D.Xu again by Xu Wenduo.Crow is categorized as white in great strange 1986 in " plant research " second phase " Picea one new variant " literary composition
a new variant-Mongolian dragon spruce (PiceameyeriRehd.etWils.var.mongolicaH.Q.Wu), Ma Yuquan etc. all agree to the viewpoint that Wu Hong is strange in 2008 at " Inner Mongol flora " (second edition) first volume and Li Chunhong etc. in 1998 in " arid biogeographic zone resource and environment " second phase " Inner Mongol white tone pile of stones Picea Mongolica means of taxonomic research " literary composition, agree to that by white tone pile of stones dragon spruce classification and orientation be Mongolian dragon spruce.
According to Xu Wen tongued bell 1993 in " ecological magazine " fifth phase " essential characteristic of white tone pile of stones nature reserve, Inner Mongol Picea mongolica Forest, existing problems and solution route " introduce in a literary composition, Picea Mongolica is the very rare forest ecosystem type in land, only be distributed in the little Tengger desert east margin in the Inner Mongol (east longitude 117 ° 06 '-117 ° 16 ', north latitude 43 ° 30 '-43 ° 36 '), the Schattenseite of primary growth on sand dune and half Schattenseite, tailo does not distribute substantially, belong to shade plants, standing forest is more simple, substantially be pure forest, be very different with mountain region spruce forest.Height above sea level 1300 ~ 1500m, sylvan life soil is subacidity reaction, and pH5.9 ~ 6.3, degree of base saturation is 88.79 ~ 96.35%.Annual precipitation 448mm, forest land arid, air oxygen detrition.The more general mountain region spruce forest of Mongolia dragon spruce is short, height 15 ~ 20(17) m, tree crown pagoda shape, looks far into the distance in grey blue-green, and the needle four seasons are evergreen not to come off.
-1978 years nineteen sixty-fives, Xinjiang institute of woods section (predecessor of Xinjiang Academy of Forestry) Tree Species Introduction room, in order to enrich Xinjiang forest species kind, starts to carry out compartmentalization introduction and cultivation to 14 kinds of Picea species both domestic and external.Introduce a fine variety to collect and be experimental field located at nursery, Tianchi, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Fukang (Mountain Ranges of Tian Shan Mountains, subacidity soil pH 5.8-6.5, height above sea level 1900m), mainly take the mode of seed Seedling propagation to carry out Experiment in Introduction.The 14 kinds of Picea species introduced comprise: white skin dragon spruce PiceaaurantiacaMast.(Sichuan), European spruce P.abies (Linn.) Karst. (Liaoning), Picea koraiensis Nakai P.koraiensisNakai (Heilungkiang, Jilin), the Mongolian dragon spruce PiceameyeriRehd.etWils.var.mongolicaH.Q.Wu(Inner Mongol), white
p.meyeriRehd.etWils. (Shanxi), thickleaf spruce (P.crassifoliaKom. (Shaanxi), Elka P.obovataLedeb. (Altai in Xinjiang Province), picea schrenkiana P.schrenkianaFisch.etMey. (Xinjiang Tianshan), picea wilsonii P.wilsoniiMast. (Inner Mongol), fish scale dragon spruce P.jezoensisvar.microsperma (Lindl.) ChengetL.K.Fu (Heilungkiang), Tibet dragon spruce P.spinulosa (Griff.) Henry (Tibet), the red spruce P.rubens(U.S.), Picea mariana P.mariana (Mill) B.S.D.(Canada), dragon spruce P.asperataMast.(Sichuan).Through the experiments in cultivation in 13 years in nursery, Tianchi, result of the test shows: Elka and picea schrenkiana belong to Xinjiang endemic species, all shows good annidation.Exotic tree thickleaf spruce and Mongolian dragon spruce also show good annidation.European spruce cold resistance is poor.White skin dragon spruce, white
, picea wilsonii, fish scale dragon spruce, Picea mariana, red spruce, dragon spruce, 10 spruce species such as Picea koraiensis Nakai and Tibet dragon spruce are not suitable for the weather conditions of Xinjiang air drying, growth potential is weak.
Tree Species Introduction room is during 1980-1985, further thickleaf spruce, Elka, picea schrenkiana and Mongolian dragon spruce seedling are introduced arboretum (Urumqi City of Xinjiang, technique in Xinjiang plain area forest-science academy, soil pH 8.5, height above sea level 850m, the extreme highest temperature 40.5 DEG C, extreme minimum temperature-41.5 DEG C) growing and cultivation.Experiment in cultivation result shows, except thickleaf spruce alkali tolerance soil, other three kinds of dragon spruces all not alkali tolerance soil, growth potential is weak, and needle turns yellow year by year.
Duan Yuzhong in 2007 etc. explicitly pointed out in the documents such as " Gansu forestry science and technology " first phase " soil condition of thickleaf spruce growth " in " gansu science and technology " fifth phase " thickleaf spruce is in the Different Sowing Dates nursery innovative technology research of saline and alkaline region of desertifying " and nineteen ninety-five Zhou Yuansheng, thickleaf spruce is at the following basic soil of ability pH8.7 in seedling stage, visible its be very strong to the adaptability of surface soil alkalinity, be more alkaline-resisting seeds.The growth of thickleaf spruce is obviously by the impact of soil salt content, when electrical conductivity of soil solution reaches 0.25 Μ Ω/cm, substantially can not grow, when 0.2 Μ Ω/cm, growth is obviously suppressed, but when 0.1 Μ Ω/cm, energy normal growth, this illustrates that thickleaf spruce is also the seeds of a kind of pole salt tolerant.These conclusions are consistent to the introduction and Experiment conclusion of thickleaf spruce with us, and thickleaf spruce Salt And Alkali Tolerance can grow in technique in Xinjiang plain area.But in the observation in experiment in cultivation later stage, technical staff finds, generally there is dried-up phenomenon towards the branch of southwestward in thickleaf spruce tree body, and the integrated ornamental of impact tree body, this illustrates the air drying in the not resistance to Xinjiang of thickleaf spruce branches and leaves.
From the ecosystem environment of Mongolian dragon spruce, the area of Mongolian dragon spruce growth is at Sha Qu, and drought, air is drier.Much fuller clear wait 2006 in " the Chinese agronomy circular " second phase " salt resistance of pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and the impact on afforestation tree growth thereof " one and the article pointed out, zonal soil the successively decreasing from the southeast northwestwards along with rainfall of China, soil presents the trend that pH value increases progressively, salt content rises, and annual rainfall is high lower than the large-area soil pH ﹥ 8 of the arid-desert area of 250mm, salt content, far above the primary district of coniferous species.The soil condition of technique in Xinjiang plain area is substantially saline and alkaline all heavier.Therefore, want Inner Mongol white tone pile of stones sand ground (annual precipitation 448mm directly, pH5.9-6.3) Mongolian dragon spruce introduces technique in Xinjiang plain area plantation, and this just forms great limitations affect to the tree growth of Mongolian dragon spruce physiological ecological, and introduction and Experiment for many years also demonstrates this point.Literature search discloses: Duan Yuzhong is at " gansu science and technology " 2007,23(1): 202-204, " thickleaf spruce is in the Different Sowing Dates nursery innovative technology research of saline and alkaline region of the desertifying " article delivered, Yang Xiu, Li Xiaoping are in " Shaanxi agricultural science " 2008, (6): 193-194, " the thickleaf spruce seeding and seedling raising technology " article delivered and Guo Ying arrange in " modern agriculture science and technology " 2009, (18): 193, " thickleaf spruce seedling growing process " article etc. delivered, all discloses thickleaf spruce artificial breeding technique.
Summary of the invention
the object of the invention is to:the resistance to soil alkaline selecting applicable technique in Xinjiang plain area to plant and the raw thickleaf spruce trunk of low temperature resistant 5-6 do stock, low temperature resistant and Mongolian dragon spruce that is air drying is selected to do scion, graft technology-medulla is adopted to form laminating connection (rendezvous method), to try the grafting tree cultivated, salt affected soil and the arid climate of technique in Xinjiang plain area can be adapted to, and ensure that the grafting tree cultivated can grow vigorous as far as possible, preferably its gardening ornamental value also wants high.
technical scheme to be solved by this invention is as follows:mongolia dragon spruce carries out the method for cultivating and growing in technique in Xinjiang plain area, the method comprises the following steps: one, the preparation of thickleaf spruce stock: the trunk choosing the raw thickleaf spruce of 5-6, its diameter at 0.8-0.9cm as stock, for subsequent use; Two, the preparation of Mongolian dragon spruce scion: at early March, chooses the branch with terminal bud on Mongolian dragon spruce, and its length is 15-25cm, and diameter is 0.8-0.9cm, as scion after pruning, wraps with wet towel, and 4-5 DEG C of stored refrigerated is for subsequent use; Three, grafting: the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, adopts medulla to form laminating connection and carries out grafting, by the stock for preparing in step one in overhead 25-36cm place cut-out, removes the needle of grafting part, tangent plane is whittled into from top to down the ligule bevel of 6-8cm; By the scion prepared in step 2, a part is cut there is no one end of terminal bud, be cut into every section of 10-12cm length, needle is restrainted staying 8-10 near terminal bud side, extract all the other needles, from terminal bud bottom without the side 1-2cm of needle, longitudinally cut the medulla to scion, its bevel and stock bevel dark quite wide; Then scion bevel is close on the bevel of stock, makes between the medulla of two bevels, to form layer alignment and match, then grafting part is wrapped up fastening with graft strip or plastic tape; Four, grafting final-period management: carry out field management to the grafting grafted in step 3, pours water weekly once, within every two weeks, weeds with a hoe once, until early August pine twine, late August solution twine; After entering winter, repair first round branches and leaves on stock, the second annual overhaul goes second to take turns branches and leaves, within the 3rd year, has all repaiied.
beneficial effect of the present invention:use cultivation and grow method of the present invention, cultivate thickleaf spruce-Mongolian dragon spruce grafting, observed by the cultivation in more than 20 year later stage, utilize the grafting tree that this cultivation method is cultivated, can resist saline and alkaline and resist low temperature and the dry-hot wind in summer in Corpping in North Xinjiang winter, the growth potential that Mongolian dragon spruce can be kept again good and ornamental plantation are worth.At present, adopt the large tree of Mongolian dragon spruce cultivated in this way, existing 23 years of the highest age of tree, in Urumchi, all there is cultivation on Changji, Shihezi, Tacheng, the ground such as Yi Li.Mongolia dragon spruce has become the outstanding person in the evergreen needle-leaved tree kind of be proud ofing in the urban landscaping of Xinjiang, enjoys the favor of afforestation gardening Market Consumer.Xinjiang forest-science academy arboretum (Urumqi City) also has the Mongolian dragon spruce of 5 strain, 20 years age of trees to list displaying.By method of the present invention, the Mongolian dragon spruce introducing Plain Area of Xinjiang basic soil ecological region planting that Inner Mongol white tone pile of stones Sandy Soil is faintly acid reaction will be distributed in, highly successful, become the evergreen needle ornamental tree species that a kind of preciousness of raw cultivating and growing can be fitted in technique in Xinjiang plain area, this is not only Xinjiang and adds a kind of Landscape Trees, also breach Mongolian dragon spruce and can only grow drawback at Schattenseite or half Schattenseite, the introducing and cultivating technology research of the present invention simultaneously to saline and alkaline Desert Regions, northwest coniferous species has important perspective and directive significance, shows technological progress.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.
Accompanying drawing 1 is that the Mongolian dragon spruce of one of Xinjiang forest-science academy arboretum (Urumqi City) 5 strain 20 years age of trees is listed displaying.
specific implementation method
Embodiment 1, Mongolian dragon spruce carry out the method for cultivating and growing in technique in Xinjiang plain area, the method comprises the following steps: one, the preparation of thickleaf spruce stock: the trunk choosing the raw thickleaf spruce of 5-6, its diameter at 0.8-0.9cm as stock, for subsequent use; Two, the preparation of Mongolian dragon spruce scion: at early March, chooses the branch with terminal bud on Mongolian dragon spruce, and its length is 15-25cm, and diameter is 0.8-0.9cm, as scion after pruning, wraps with wet towel, and 4-5 DEG C of stored refrigerated is for subsequent use; Three, grafting: the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, adopts medulla to form laminating connection and carries out grafting, by the stock for preparing in step one in overhead 25-36cm place cut-out, removes the needle of grafting part, tangent plane is whittled into from top to down the ligule bevel of 6-8cm; By the scion prepared in step 2, a part is cut there is no one end of terminal bud, be cut into every section of 10-12cm length, needle is restrainted staying 8-10 near terminal bud side, extract all the other needles, from terminal bud bottom without the side 1-2cm of needle, longitudinally cut the medulla to scion, its bevel and stock bevel dark quite wide; Then scion bevel is close on the bevel of stock, makes between the medulla of two bevels, to form layer alignment and match, then grafting part is wrapped up fastening with graft strip or plastic tape; Four, grafting final-period management: carry out field management to the grafting grafted in step 3, pours water weekly once, within every two weeks, weeds with a hoe once, until early August pine twine, late August solution twine; After entering winter, repair first round branches and leaves on stock, the second annual overhaul goes second to take turns branches and leaves, within the 3rd year, has all repaiied.
In practice, thickleaf spruce makes the seedling-wood breeding of stock: 1, nursery lot is selected: nursery lot should be selected in traffic convenience, leeward on the sunny side, physical features is smooth, soil layer is deep, quality is loose, pH is neutral or alkalescence, have irrigation conditions, the place of well-drained fertile soil or sandy loam; 2, wholely: the late October of the previous year even mu execute the farmyard manure 3000kg and ferrous sulfate 400kg that become thoroughly decomposed, and plough deeply soil, the beginning of April is to the thin a kind of farm tools of soil essence rake, and ridging does furrow, the long 10m of furrow, wide 1.5m, accomplishes that furrow face is smooth, loosing soil; 3, seed treatment: (1) seed sand hides level process: buy thickleaf spruce seed in the late November of the previous year from Gansu or Shanxi.Then select lee side, husky for seed one deck one deck seed is embedded in the storage hole of underground 60cm, carries out sand and hide level process, (2) the seed treatment before sowing: generally adopt spring sowing, seed is after digging out from storage hole at the beginning of 4 months, select full seed, 24h is soaked with the clear water Temperature fall of 50 DEG C, pull out control dry after, mix with the sand being equivalent to seed volume three times and pile up, be deposited on dry ground and carry out vernalization, and the gunnysack of covering wet keeps ventilating and humidity thereon, stir every day once, treat that seed is told white three/a period of time and can be sowed, (3) sow: mid-April, adopt drilling, ditch dark 0.8-1cm, line-spacing 20cm, every sown scope seeding quantity is 15g, overburden soil, thickness 0.5cm, suppress slightly
,(4) shade net is put up in seedbed: select light transmittance be 75% black plastic shade net, be fixed on by shade net on the standing tree frame apart from face, seedbed 2.5m, sunshade hours is that sowing is to early September then, 4, the tending management of nursery stock: (1) pour water: fill with first time water after nursery stock all sprouts, after, poured water once every 15 days, pour water in year 10 times, (2) weed with a hoe: Early seedling stage, after pouring water, should be that master carries out shallow loosening the soil, chiselling after mid-July in time with weeding, the degree of depth 6 centimetres, suitably can reduce the number of times that loosens the soil, and weeds with a hoe in general year 7 times, (3) thinning: carry out seedling thinning during height of seedling 1 centimetre.Pour water before seedling thinning, between go intensive nursery stock, carry out uprooting weed, final singling when height of seedling 1.5 centimetres simultaneously, every meter is stayed seedling 6 strain, to pour water in time after thinning, (4) final management and maintenance: 2-5 pours water 6 times every year, weed with a hoe 5 times, impose blade face once fat, topdress: after dragon spruce seedling forms terminal bud, impose foliage fertilizer, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.15% solution 1-2 time, the amount of spraying controls at 50kg/667m
2; (5) the extermination of disease and insect pest: thickleaf spruce nursery stage easily damping off occurs, sprays ferrous sulfate 0.2% solution, once every 10 days after seedling top soil all sprouts later.As there is disease, to hocket control with bactericide such as 50% carbendazim 1/800 or 70% sterling first holder pulvis 1/500.Underground pests is ant mainly, with first phosphorus phoxim insecticide 1kg/667m
2carry out the control of filling root.General employing 5-6 is raw, and thickleaf spruce makes stock, the thick 0.8 ~ 0.9cm of rhizome.
Two, the collection of Mongolian dragon spruce scion and storage:
1, acquisition time: annual early March; 2, fringe bar quality: the collection of fringe bar must be carried out under elite stand keeps resting state, generally at early March, selection grew two, three grades of branch masters of a year last year slightly, and elite stand top long shoot gathers; 3, collecting method: gathering scion should with shrub and hedge trimmer or averruncator, and clip will be put down, and has not allowed angle or splitting branch.The long 15-25cm of branch, rugosity 0.8-0.9cm, every 25 or 50 a bundles, and indicate species name, locality and acquisition time; 4, preserve: wrap with wet towel, be placed on 4 ~ 5 DEG C of refrigerated rooms or the preservation of seedling cellar for storing things, for subsequent use.
Three, grafting method: adopt spring medulla to form laminating connection and carry out grafting: 1, cutting strunk: at overhead 25-36cm place cut-out thickleaf spruce trunk, tangent plane cutter is scabbled; 2, scion is processed: do not have one end of terminal bud to cut a part scion of storage, be cut into 10-12cm section; 3, grafting time: grafting time selects grafting ground mean temperature of air more than 18 DEG C, Urumchi is in late April, and stock newly slightly grows and reaches about 2-4cm, selects less, the fine sultry weather of wind-force to enter
oK; 4, grafting method: adopt medulla to form laminating connection.The needle at stock grafting position is removed, cuts the ligule bevel of 6-8cm with grafting knife from top to down.Grafting scion 10-12cm, staying 8-10 to restraint needle near terminal bud side, all the other needles are all extractd, and from terminal bud bottom without the side 1-2cm of needle, longitudinal direction is cut to medulla, its bevel and stock bevel dark quite wide.Be close to rapidly on the bevel of stock after cutting, between the medulla making two bevels and form layer and aim at, then with the wide plastic strip of 2cm from top to bottom tighten tie up sternly.Must to be swift in motion during grafting, accurately, to reduce bevel aerial open-assembly time; 5, grafting final-period management: grafting management manages identical with general nursery stock, and per weekly pour water once, every fortnight weeds with a hoe once, until early August pine twine, late August solution twine.After entering winter, repair stock first round branches and leaves, the second annual overhaul goes second to take turns branches and leaves, within the 3rd year, has all repaiied, and makes sure to keep in mind once not repaiied, and easily like this causes scion to die of hunger, or malnutritive and grow weak.
Conclusion: adopt thickleaf spruce to make stock, Mongolian dragon spruce does scion, is formed the Mongolian dragon spruce grafting tree of the mode grafting of laminating connection, can carry out popularizing planting as the urban landscaping seeds of technique in Xinjiang plain area and the Northwest desert seeds by medulla.Accompanying drawing 1 is that the Mongolian dragon spruce of one of Xinjiang forest-science academy arboretum (Urumqi City) 5 strain 20 years age of trees is listed displaying.
Claims (1)
1. Mongolian dragon spruce carries out the method for cultivating and growing in technique in Xinjiang plain area, it is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
One, the preparation of thickleaf spruce stock: the trunk choosing the raw thickleaf spruce of 5-6, its diameter at 0.8-0.9cm as stock, for subsequent use;
Two, the preparation of Mongolian dragon spruce scion: at early March, chooses the branch with terminal bud on Mongolian dragon spruce, and its length is 15-25cm, and diameter is 0.8-0.9cm, as scion after pruning, wraps with wet towel, and 4-5 DEG C of stored refrigerated is for subsequent use;
Three, grafting: the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, adopts medulla to form laminating connection and carries out grafting, by the stock for preparing in step one in overhead 25-36cm place cut-out, removes the needle of grafting part, tangent plane is whittled into from top to down the ligule bevel of 6-8cm; By the scion prepared in step 2, a part is cut there is no one end of terminal bud, be cut into every section of 10-12cm length, needle is restrainted staying 8-10 near terminal bud side, extract all the other needles, from terminal bud bottom without the side 1-2cm of needle, longitudinally cut the medulla to scion, its bevel and stock bevel dark quite wide; Then scion bevel is close on the bevel of stock, makes between the medulla of two bevels, to form layer alignment and match, then grafting part is wrapped up fastening with graft strip or plastic tape;
Four, grafting final-period management: carry out field management to the grafting grafted in step 3, pours water weekly once, within every two weeks, weeds with a hoe once, until early August pine twine, late August solution twine; After entering winter, repair first round branches and leaves on stock, the second annual overhaul goes second to take turns branches and leaves, within the 3rd year, has all repaiied.
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| CN102630544A (en) * | 2012-03-28 | 2012-08-15 | 常熟市滨江农业科技有限公司 | Method for planting Picea koraiensis |
| CN103597972A (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2014-02-26 | 赵刚 | Seedling culturing method of dragon spruces |
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| CN102630544A (en) * | 2012-03-28 | 2012-08-15 | 常熟市滨江农业科技有限公司 | Method for planting Picea koraiensis |
| CN103597972A (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2014-02-26 | 赵刚 | Seedling culturing method of dragon spruces |
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| Title |
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| 蓝云杉异砧嫁接繁殖技术;郭颖波等;《吉林林业科技》;20140131;第43卷(第1期);第54、58页 * |
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