CN104145726A - Method for cultivating and planting Mongolia dragon spruce in Sinkiang plain terrain - Google Patents
Method for cultivating and planting Mongolia dragon spruce in Sinkiang plain terrain Download PDFInfo
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- CN104145726A CN104145726A CN201410416678.8A CN201410416678A CN104145726A CN 104145726 A CN104145726 A CN 104145726A CN 201410416678 A CN201410416678 A CN 201410416678A CN 104145726 A CN104145726 A CN 104145726A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of the method for cultivating and planting exotic trees in the forestry technology, in particular to a method for cultivating and planting Mongolia dragon spruce in the Sinkiang plain terrain. The method comprises the following steps of preparing a picea crassifolia stock, preparing Mongolia dragon spruce scion, conducting grafting and performing later grafting managing. By means of the method, the Mongolia dragon spruce distributed in the Inner Mongolia Bai Yin Ao Bao sand with the soil in faintly acid reaction is introduced into the Sinkiang plain alkaline soil area to be planted, a good score is made, and the Mongolia dragon spruce becomes a precious evergreen needle-point leaf ornamental tree suitable for being cultivated and planted in the Sinkiang plain terrain.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cultivation and grow method technical field of exotic tree in forestry science and technology, particularly relate to Mongolian dragon spruce and carry out in technique in Xinjiang plain area the method for cultivating and growing.
Background technology
The original Picea mongolica Forest that white tone pile of stones nature reserve, the Inner Mongol distributes, species taxonomy status is always controversial.Zheng Wanjun nineteen eighty-three is regarded as these species at first Picea koraiensis Nakai Picea koraiensis Nakai in " Chinese silva ".Xu Wenduo nineteen eighty-three, the first phase, " Inner Mongol sand ground was white at " plant ecology and geobotany journal "
with in vain
woods " and Zhou Wenliang etc. within 1986, in " Heilungkiang silva ", all these species are regarded as white
(Picea meyeri) Picea meyeri Rehd.et wils..Xu Wenduo, in " plant research " first phase in 1994 " research of an Inner Mongol Picea Mongolica classification " literary composition, independently becomes these species again new species-Picea Mongolica Picea mongolica (H.Q.Wu) W.D.Xu.Crow is categorized as white in great strange 1986 in " plant research " second phase " Picea one new variant " literary composition
a new variant-Mongolian dragon spruce (Picea meyeri Rehd.et Wils.var.mongolica H.Q.Wu), Ma Yuquan etc. all agree at " Inner Mongol flora " (second edition) first volume and Li Chunhong etc. the viewpoint that Wu Hong is strange for 2008 in 1998 in " arid biogeographic zone resource and environment " second phase " Inner Mongol white tone pile of stones Picea Mongolica means of taxonomic research " literary composition, agree to be Mongolian dragon spruce by white tone pile of stones dragon spruce classification and orientation.
According to Xu Wen tongued bell 1993 in " ecological magazine " fifth phase " essential characteristic of white tone pile of stones nature reserve, Inner Mongol Picea mongolica Forest, existing problems and solution route " introduce in a literary composition, Picea Mongolica is the very rare forest ecosystem type in land, only be distributed in the little Tengger desert east margin in the Inner Mongol (117 ° 06 '-117 ° 16 of east longitude ', 43 ° 30 '-43 ° 36 of north latitude '), mainly be grown in Schattenseite and half Schattenseite on sand dune, tailo does not distribute substantially, belong to shade plants, standing forest is more simple, substantially be pure forest, be very different with mountain region spruce forest.Height above sea level 1300～1500m, sylvan life soil is subacidity reaction, pH5.9～6.3, degree of base saturation is 88.79～96.35%.Annual precipitation 448mm, forest land arid, air is dry.The more general mountain region spruce forest of Mongolia dragon spruce is short, height 15～20(17) m, tree crown pagoda shape, looks far into the distance and is grey blue-green, and the needle four seasons are evergreen not to come off.
Nineteen sixty-five-1978 year, Tree Species Introduction chamber, Xinjiang institute of woods section (predecessor of Xinjiang Academy of Forestry), in order to enrich Xinjiang forest species kind, starts 14 kinds of Picea species both domestic and external to carry out compartmentalization introduction and cultivation.Introduce a fine variety to collect and be experimental field located at nursery, Tianchi, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Fukang (Mountain Ranges of Tian Shan Mountains, subacidity soil pH 5.8-6.5, height above sea level 1900m), mainly take the grow directly from seeds mode of breeding of seed to carry out Experiment in Introduction.14 kinds of Picea species introducing comprise: white skin dragon spruce Picea aurantiaca Mast.(Sichuan), European spruce P.abies (Linn.) Karst. (Liaoning), Picea koraiensis Nakai P. koraiensis Nakai (Heilungkiang, Jilin), the Mongolian dragon spruce Picea meyeri Rehd.et Wils.var.mongolica H.Q.Wu(Inner Mongol), white
p.meyeri Rehd.et Wils. (Shanxi), thickleaf spruce (P.crassifolia Kom. (Shaanxi), Elka P.obovata Ledeb. (Altai in Xinjiang Province), picea schrenkiana P.schrenkiana Fisch.et Mey. (Xinjiang Tianshan), picea wilsonii P.wilsonii Mast. (Inner Mongol), fish scale dragon spruce P.jezoensis var.microsperma (Lindl.) Cheng et L.K.Fu (Heilungkiang), Tibet dragon spruce P.spinulosa (Griff.) Henry (Tibet), the red spruce P.rubens(U.S.), Picea mariana P.mariana (Mill) B.S.D.(Canada), dragon spruce P.asperata Mast.(Sichuan).Through the experiments in cultivation in 13 years in nursery, Tianchi, result of the test shows: Elka and picea schrenkiana belong to Xinjiang endemic species, all shows good annidation.Exotic tree thickleaf spruce and Mongolian dragon spruce also show good annidation.European spruce cold resistance is poor.White skin dragon spruce, white
, 10 dragon spruce species such as picea wilsonii, fish scale dragon spruce, Picea mariana, red spruce, dragon spruce, Picea koraiensis Nakai and Tibet dragon spruce are not suitable for the weather conditions of Xinjiang air drying, a little less than growth potential.
Tree Species Introduction chamber is during 1980-1985, further thickleaf spruce, Elka, picea schrenkiana and Mongolian dragon spruce seedling are introduced to arboretum (Urumqi City of Xinjiang, technique in Xinjiang plain area forest-science academy, soil pH 8.5, height above sea level 850m, 40.5 DEG C of the extreme highest temperatures, extreme minimum temperature-41.5 DEG C) growing and cultivation.Experiment in cultivation result shows, except thickleaf spruce alkali tolerance soil, and all alkali tolerance soil not of other three kinds of dragon spruces, a little less than growth potential, it is yellow that needle turns year by year.
Duan Yuzhong in 2007 etc. explicitly pointed out in the documents such as " Gansu forestry science and technology " first phase " soil condition that thickleaf spruce is grown " in " gansu science and technology " fifth phase " thickleaf spruce desertifying the Different Sowing Dates of saline and alkaline region grow seedlings innovative technology research " and nineteen ninety-five Zhou Yuansheng, thickleaf spruce is basic soil below seedling stage ability pH8.7, visible its adaptability to surface soil alkalinity is very strong, is more alkaline-resisting seeds.The growth of thickleaf spruce is obviously subject to the impact of soil salt content, in the time that electrical conductivity of soil solution reaches 0.25 Μ Ω/cm, substantially can not grow, in the time of 0.2 Μ Ω/cm, growth is obviously suppressed, but in the time of 0.1 Μ Ω/cm, energy normal growth, this explanation thickleaf spruce is also a kind of seeds of utmost point salt tolerant.These conclusions are consistent to the introduction and Experiment conclusion of thickleaf spruce with us, and thickleaf spruce Salt And Alkali Tolerance, can grow in technique in Xinjiang plain area.But in the observation in experiment in cultivation later stage, technical staff's discovery, generally there is dried-up phenomenon towards the branch of southwestward in thickleaf spruce tree body, the integrated ornamental of impact tree body, the not air drying in resistance to Xinjiang of these explanation thickleaf spruce branches and leaves.
From the ecosystem environment of Mongolian dragon spruce, the regional Sha district of Mongolian dragon spruce growth, drought, atmosphere is drier.Much wait more clearly 2006 and the article pointed out in " the Chinese agronomy circular " second phase " salt resistance of pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and the impact on afforestation tree growth thereof " one, the zonal soil of China is successively decreasing along with rainfall northwestwards from the southeast, soil presents the trend that pH value increases progressively, salt content rises, and annual rainfall is high lower than large-area soil pH ﹥ 8, the salt content of the arid-desert area of 250mm, far above the primary district of coniferous species.The soil condition of technique in Xinjiang plain area is substantially saline and alkaline all heavier.Therefore, will be directly by Inner Mongol white tone pile of stones sand ground (annual precipitation 448mm, pH5.9-6.3) Mongolian dragon spruce is introduced technique in Xinjiang plain area plantation, and this just forms great limitations affect to the tree growth of Mongolian dragon spruce physiological ecological, and introduction and Experiment for many years has also been verified this point.Literature search discloses: Duan Yuzhong is at " gansu science and technology " 2007,23(1): 202-204, " thickleaf spruce the Different Sowing Dates of saline and alkaline region of desertifying grow seedlings innovative technology research " article of delivering, Yang Xiu, Li Xiaoping are in " Shaanxi agricultural science " 2008, (6): 193-194, " the thickleaf spruce seeding and seedling raising technology " article and the Guo Ying that deliver arrange in " modern agriculture science and technology " 2009, (18): 193, " thickleaf spruce seedling growing process " articles of delivering etc., have all disclosed thickleaf spruce artificial breeding technique.
Summary of the invention
the object of the invention is to:select the resistance to soil alkaline of applicable technique in Xinjiang plain area plantation and the low temperature resistant raw thickleaf spruce trunk of 5-6 to do stock, select low temperature resistant and Mongolian dragon spruce air drying to do scion, adopt graft technology-medulla to form laminating connection (rendezvous method), the grafting tree of trying to cultivate, can adapt to salt affected soil and the arid climate of technique in Xinjiang plain area, and the grafting tree that ensures as far as possible cultivation can be grown vigorous, preferably its gardening ornamental value also wants high.
technical scheme to be solved by this invention is as follows:mongolia dragon spruce carries out the method for cultivating and growing in technique in Xinjiang plain area, the method comprises the following steps: one, the preparation of thickleaf spruce stock: choose the trunk of the raw thickleaf spruce of 5-6, its diameter at 0.8-0.9cm as stock, for subsequent use; Two, the preparation of Mongolian dragon spruce scion: at early March, choose the branch with terminal bud on Mongolian dragon spruce, its length is 15-25cm, and diameter is 0.8-0.9cm, as scion, wraps with wet towel after pruning, and 4-5 DEG C of stored refrigerated is for subsequent use; Three, grafting: in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, adopt medulla to form laminating connection and carry out grafting, the stock preparing in step 1, in overhead 25-36cm place cut-out, is removed to the needle of grafting part, tangent plane is whittled into from top to down to the ligule bevel of 6-8cm; By the scion preparing in step 2, cut a part in the one end that there is no terminal bud, be cut into every section of 10-12cm length, staying 8-10 bundle needle near terminal bud one side, extract all the other needles, without the side 1-2cm of needle, longitudinally cut the medulla to scion from terminal bud bottom, its bevel and stock bevel dark wide quite; Then scion bevel is close on the bevel of stock, makes to form layer alignment between the medulla of two bevels and match, then grafting part is wrapped up fastening with graft strip or plastic tape; Four, grafting final-period management: the grafting grafting in step 3 is carried out to field management, pours water weekly once, within every two weeks, weed with a hoe once, until early August pine twine, late August solution twine; Enter after winter, repair first round branches and leaves on stock, the second annual overhaul goes second to take turns branches and leaves, within the 3rd year, has all repaiied.
beneficial effect of the present invention:use cultivation and grow method of the present invention, cultivate thickleaf spruce-Mongolian dragon spruce grafting, cultivation by more than 20 year later stage is observed, the grafting tree that utilizes this cultivation method to cultivate, can resist saline and alkaline and resist the low temperature in Corpping in North Xinjiang winter and the dry-hot wind in summer, can keep again the good growth potential of Mongolian dragon spruce and ornamental plantation to be worth.At present, adopt in this way the large tree of Mongolian dragon spruce of cultivating, existing 23 years of the highest age of tree, in Urumchi, all there is cultivation on the ground such as Changji, Shihezi, Tacheng, Yi Li.Mongolia dragon spruce has become the outstanding person in the evergreen coniferous species of be proud ofing in the urban landscaping of Xinjiang, enjoys the favor of afforestation gardening Market Consumer.Xinjiang forest-science academy arboretum (Urumqi City) also has the displaying of listing of the Mongolian dragon spruce of 20 years age of trees of 5 strain.By method of the present invention, be by being distributed in Inner Mongol white tone pile of stones Sandy Soil the Mongolian dragon spruce introducing Plain Area of Xinjiang basic soil ecological region planting that faintly acid is reacted, highly successful, become technique in Xinjiang plain area and can fit the evergreen needle ornamental tree species of a kind of preciousness of raw cultivating and growing, this is not only for Xinjiang has increased a kind of Landscape Trees, also broken through the drawback that Mongolian dragon spruce can only be grown in Schattenseite or half Schattenseite, the present invention simultaneously has important perspective and directive significance to the introducing and cultivating technology research of saline and alkaline Desert Regions, northwest coniferous species, shows technological progress.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.
The displaying of listing of the Mongolian dragon spruce of 20 years age of trees that one of accompanying drawing 1 is Xinjiang forest-science academy arboretum (Urumqi City) 5 strains.
specific implementation method
Embodiment 1, Mongolian dragon spruce carry out the method for cultivating and growing in technique in Xinjiang plain area, the method comprises the following steps: one, the preparation of thickleaf spruce stock: choose the trunk of the raw thickleaf spruce of 5-6, its diameter at 0.8-0.9cm as stock, for subsequent use; Two, the preparation of Mongolian dragon spruce scion: at early March, choose the branch with terminal bud on Mongolian dragon spruce, its length is 15-25cm, and diameter is 0.8-0.9cm, as scion, wraps with wet towel after pruning, and 4-5 DEG C of stored refrigerated is for subsequent use; Three, grafting: in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, adopt medulla to form laminating connection and carry out grafting, the stock preparing in step 1, in overhead 25-36cm place cut-out, is removed to the needle of grafting part, tangent plane is whittled into from top to down to the ligule bevel of 6-8cm; By the scion preparing in step 2, cut a part in the one end that there is no terminal bud, be cut into every section of 10-12cm length, staying 8-10 bundle needle near terminal bud one side, extract all the other needles, without the side 1-2cm of needle, longitudinally cut the medulla to scion from terminal bud bottom, its bevel and stock bevel dark wide quite; Then scion bevel is close on the bevel of stock, makes to form layer alignment between the medulla of two bevels and match, then grafting part is wrapped up fastening with graft strip or plastic tape; Four, grafting final-period management: the grafting grafting in step 3 is carried out to field management, pours water weekly once, within every two weeks, weed with a hoe once, until early August pine twine, late August solution twine; Enter after winter, repair first round branches and leaves on stock, the second annual overhaul goes second to take turns branches and leaves, within the 3rd year, has all repaiied.
In practice, thickleaf spruce is made the seedling-wood breeding of stock: 1, nursery lot is selected: nursery lot should be chosen in traffic convenience, leeward on the sunny side, physical features is smooth, soil layer is deep, quality is loose, pH is neutral or alkalescence, have irrigation conditions, the place of well-drained fertile soil or sandy loam; 2, whole ground: late October of the previous year evenly mu execute the farmyard manure 3000kg and the ferrous sulfate 400kg that become thoroughly decomposed, and soil is ploughed deeply, the beginning of April is to the thin a kind of farm tools of soil essence rake, furrow are done in ridging, the long 10m of furrow, wide 1.5m, accomplishes that furrow face is smooth, loosing soil; 3, seed treatment: (1) seed is husky hides level processing: in late November of the previous year from Gansu or Shanxi buy thickleaf spruce seed.Then select lee side, husky seed one deck one deck seed is embedded in the storage hole of underground 60cm, carry out sand and hide level processing, (2) the seed treatment before sowing: general employing sowed in spring, seed at the beginning of 4 months from dig out in storage hole, select full seed, naturally lower the temperature and soak 24h with the clear water of 50 DEG C, pull out control dry after, mix and pile up with the sand that is equivalent to three times of seed volumes, be deposited in and on dry ground, carry out vernalization, and the gunnysack of covering wet keeps ventilating and is moist thereon, stir every day once, treat seed tell white three/can sow for the moment, (3) sowing: mid-April, adopt drilling, dark 0.8-1cm ditches, line-spacing 20cm, every sown scope seeding quantity is 15g, overburden soil, thickness 0.5cm, suppression slightly
,(4) on seedbed, put up shade net: selecting light transmittance is 75% black plastic shade net, shade net is fixed on the standing tree frame of seedbed face 2.5m, sunshade hours is sowing to early September then, 4, the tending management of nursery stock: (1) pour water: after all sprouting, nursery stock fills with water for the first time, after, to pour water once every 15 days, year pours water 10 times, (2) weed with a hoe: Early seedling stage, after pouring water, should carry out shallow loosening the soil taking weeding as main in time, chiselling after mid-July, 6 centimetres of the degree of depth, can suitably reduce the number of times that loosens the soil, and within general year, weed with a hoe 7 times, (3) thinning: carry out seedling thinning when 1 centimetre of height of seedling.Before seedling thinning, pour water, between go intensive nursery stock, carry out uprooting weed, final singling in the time of 1.5 centimetres of heights of seedling simultaneously, every meter is stayed seedling 6 strains, after thinning, to pour water in time, (4) final management and maintenance: 2-5 pours water 6 times every year, weed with a hoe 5 times, impose blade face once fat, topdress: after dragon spruce seedling forms terminal bud, impose foliage fertilizer, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.15% solution 1-2 time, the amount of spraying is controlled at 50kg/667m
2; (5) the extermination of disease and insect pest: damping off easily occurs thickleaf spruce nursery stage sprays ferrous sulfate 0.2% solution after seedling top soil all sprouts, once every 10 days later.As disease occurs, with the control that hockets of the bactericide such as 50% carbendazim 1/800 or 70% sterling first holder pulvis 1/500.Underground pests is mainly ant, with first phosphorus phoxim insecticide 1kg/667m
2fill with root control.The general raw thickleaf spruce of 5-6 that adopts is made stock, the thick 0.8～0.9cm of rhizome.
Two, the collection of Mongolian dragon spruce scion and storage:
1, acquisition time: annual early March; 2, fringe bar quality: the collection of fringe bar must keep carrying out under resting state elite stand, generally at early March, select last year two, three grades of branch masters growing 1 year slightly, on the long shoot of elite stand top, gather; 3, collecting method: gathering scion should be with shrub and hedge trimmer or averruncator, and clip will be put down, and has not allowed angle or splitting branch.The long 15-25cm of branch, rugosity 0.8-0.9cm, every 25 or 50 a bundles, and indicate species title, locality and acquisition time; 4, storage: wrap with wet towel, be placed on 4～5 DEG C of refrigerated rooms or seedling cellar for storing things is preserved, for subsequent use.
Three, grafting method: adopt spring medulla to form laminating connection and carry out grafting: 1, cutting strunk: at 25-36cm place cut-out thickleaf spruce trunk overhead, tangent plane is scabbled with cutter; 2, process scion: do not have one end of terminal bud to cut a part scion of storage, be cut into 10-12cm section; 3, grafting time: grafting time selects grafting ground mean temperature of air more than 18 DEG C, and Urumchi is in late April, and stock is newly slightly grown and reached 2-4cm left and right, selects less, the fine sultry weather of wind-force to enter
oK; 4, grafting method: adopt medulla to form laminating connection.The needle at stock grafting position is removed, cut from top to down the ligule bevel of 6-8cm with grafting knife.Grafting scion 10-12cm, is staying 8-10 bundle needle near terminal bud one side, all the other needles are all extractd, and without the side 1-2cm of needle, longitudinally cuts to medulla its bevel and stock bevel dark wide suitable from terminal bud bottom.After cutting, be close to rapidly on the bevel of stock, make between the medulla of two bevels and form layer to aim at, then with the wide plastic strip of 2cm from top to bottom tighten tie up sternly.When grafting, must be swift in motion, accurately, to reduce aerial open-assembly time of bevel; 5, grafting final-period management: grafting management and general nursery stock are managed identical, per week pouring water once, every fortnight weeds with a hoe once, until early August pine twine, late August solution twine.Enter after winter, repair stock first round branches and leaves, the second annual overhaul goes second to take turns branches and leaves, within the 3rd year, has all repaiied, and makes sure to keep in mind once not repaiied, and easily like this causes scion hungry to death, or malnutritive and grow weak.
Conclusion: adopt thickleaf spruce to make stock, Mongolian dragon spruce does scion, forms the Mongolian dragon spruce grafting tree of the mode grafting of laminating connection by medulla, and the urban landscaping seeds and the Northwest desert seeds that can be used as technique in Xinjiang plain area carry out popularizing planting.The displaying of listing of the Mongolian dragon spruce of 20 years age of trees that one of accompanying drawing 1 is Xinjiang forest-science academy arboretum (Urumqi City) 5 strains.
Claims (1)
1. Mongolian dragon spruce carries out the method for cultivating and growing in technique in Xinjiang plain area, it is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
One, the preparation of thickleaf spruce stock: choose the trunk of the raw thickleaf spruce of 5-6, its diameter at 0.8-0.9cm as stock, for subsequent use;
Two, the preparation of Mongolian dragon spruce scion: at early March, choose the branch with terminal bud on Mongolian dragon spruce, its length is 15-25cm, and diameter is 0.8-0.9cm, as scion, wraps with wet towel after pruning, and 4-5 DEG C of stored refrigerated is for subsequent use;
Three, grafting: in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, adopt medulla to form laminating connection and carry out grafting, the stock preparing in step 1, in overhead 25-36cm place cut-out, is removed to the needle of grafting part, tangent plane is whittled into from top to down to the ligule bevel of 6-8cm; By the scion preparing in step 2, cut a part in the one end that there is no terminal bud, be cut into every section of 10-12cm length, staying 8-10 bundle needle near terminal bud one side, extract all the other needles, without the side 1-2cm of needle, longitudinally cut the medulla to scion from terminal bud bottom, its bevel and stock bevel dark wide quite; Then scion bevel is close on the bevel of stock, makes to form layer alignment between the medulla of two bevels and match, then grafting part is wrapped up fastening with graft strip or plastic tape;
Four, grafting final-period management: the grafting grafting in step 3 is carried out to field management, pours water weekly once, within every two weeks, weed with a hoe once, until early August pine twine, late August solution twine; Enter after winter, repair first round branches and leaves on stock, the second annual overhaul goes second to take turns branches and leaves, within the 3rd year, has all repaiied.
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| CN104604621A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-05-13 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Construction and management method for small tree body seed orchard of picea tree species |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104604537A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-05-13 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Top grafting and crown changing grafting method for shortening Picea abies juvenile period |
| CN104604621A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-05-13 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Construction and management method for small tree body seed orchard of picea tree species |
| CN104604621B (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2017-07-28 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | The small tree body breeding garden construction of Picea seeds and management method |
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