CN1926944B - Method for saline-alkali land vegetation recovery by using apocynum paper web for sock growing nursery and breeding - Google Patents
Method for saline-alkali land vegetation recovery by using apocynum paper web for sock growing nursery and breeding Download PDFInfo
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- CN1926944B CN1926944B CN200610017217A CN200610017217A CN1926944B CN 1926944 B CN1926944 B CN 1926944B CN 200610017217 A CN200610017217 A CN 200610017217A CN 200610017217 A CN200610017217 A CN 200610017217A CN 1926944 B CN1926944 B CN 1926944B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for using apocynum paper cylinder cultivation technique to recover the plant at alkaline land. Wherein, it comprises collecting apocynum seed, preparing cultivate soil, preparing seed bed, planting paper cylinder, seeding management, finishing land, transplanting, and managing the field. It is based on the germ and grow rule of apocynum seed, uses paper cylinder cultivation technique, to meet the growing conditions, to successfully cultivate the apocynum seeding. The invention can artificially plant apocynum on alkaline land, to improve the ecologic environment of alkaline area.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the multi-purpose plant bluish dogbane paper web quick propagating technology of growing seedlings and recover the method for saline-alkali land vegetation.
Background technology
For a long time, herd because estrepement is random, overgraze, Technique in Western Jilin Province grassland " three change " area enlarges year by year, becomes the most fragile area of Jilin Province's ecotope.Calculate according to the satellite remote sensing amount, up to the present, the west area has 66.7 ten thousand hm
2Saline and alkaline desert is become on soil and high-quality grassland, and still with the speed in every year average 1.4%, day by day east is moved, and barren land is more and more.This kind situation is not only seriously restricting the sustainable development of west area national economy and society, local people's production, life and even existence have been had a strong impact on, and directly threaten the construction of middle part commodity grain base and the improvement of ecotope, economy, the social development of the whole province produced very big negative effect.Therefore, how to renovate western eco-environment, improvement utilizes saline and alkaline soil, improves western peasants and herdsmen's production imcome and living standard, promotes local economic development, has become a problem that needs to be resolved hurrily.
The production practices of saline land improvement in recent years show that " biological solodization " meets the natural conditions in western part, Jilin Province and peasants and herdsmen's the level of production and life style, is to administer the saline land efficient ways.People make the ecotope of administering the zone obtain very big improvement by biological control measures such as " the fence envelope are educated, the plantation saline alkali tolerant plant ".But people also recognize in the process of administering the saline land gradually, carrying out western saline land, Jilin Province administers, must fully take into account people's livelihood, life and economic interests, ecological benefits should combine with economic benefit, otherwise these activities just are difficult to carry out or are lasting.In addition, the reconstruction of western eco-environment is to carry out with soil alkaline content zone heavier, that hazards of sand storms is stronger about rainfall 400mm.
Therefore, rebuild when carrying out grass seed selection with improvement in western eco-environment, the one, should select the stronger grass seeds of resistance such as salt tolerant alkali, drought-resistant, anti-blown sand, can be under the abominable natural environmental condition in western part well-grown.The 2nd, this plant has higher economic development value or has the very plant variety of usury usefulness potentiality, in restore vegetation, protection ecological benefits, brings into play its economic benefit as far as possible, increases peasant's income.
Bluish dogbane is a kind of so just to be grown in area, saline and alkaline sandy wasteland, herbaceos perennial that resistance is very strong.
Bluish dogbane (Apocynum venetum L.), Apocynaceae Apocynum herbaceos perennial.(1) adaptability is strong, and ecological ampliture is wide, is distributed widely in temperate zone, the Northern Hemisphere and cool temperate zone.Mainly be distributed in China in the saline-alkali wasteland on ground such as Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu and northeast.Therefore, utilize its stronger resistance, can be used as the pionner of alkaline land improving; (2) the stem of Folium Apocyni Veneti hide fiber is pliable and tough, and is elongated, is rich in gloss, and tool corrosion resistant and moisture-proof characteristic.Content of cellulose in the fiber crops skin reaches 71%, fibre percentage 40～42% than general crudefiber crop height.Its fineness and pulling force surpass fine wool, and fiber quality is better than cotton and flax, for weaving and the senior paper material of using, are the fiber with excellent plants, and the title of wild " king of fiber " is arranged.At present, fast-selling bluish dogbane textile raw material and finished product are arranged on the market.(3) bluish dogbane has high medicinal DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT.Bluish dogbane contains multiple active chemical, as flavonoids, phenols, catechin, glutamic acid etc., have reduce phlegm, cough-relieving, cardiac stimulant, relieving asthma, effect such as reducing blood lipid, anti-inflammatory and antiallergy.The bluish dogbane dry extract that China extracts with bluish dogbane through scientific formula, has been made bluish dogbane series antihypertensive drugs such as tablet, electuary, injection.So Folium Apocyni Veneti can do that tealeaves is drunk a name bluish dogbane, but long-term drinking prophylaxis of hypertension, high fat of blood, clearing heat-fire, invigorating the spleen are kept fit, diuresis defaecation, radioresistance, the anti-ageing effect of waiting for a long time.Except that cooking tealeaves, also have other products on the market, as health promoting clothes etc., characteristic such as have when hot warm, sticking body, no bad smell of perspiration when nice and cool, cold, breathe freely.In Xinjiang, bluish dogbane wild resource such as Qinghai, Gansu is than the area of horn of plenty, bluish dogbane has been developed out a series of textile, paper product, medicine and health products.
At present, China bluish dogbane does not see large-area artificial planting as yet, and the raw material of bluish dogbane production is mainly from the wild venetum resource.Because wild resource is limited and it is serious to destroy, quality shakiness, output are difficult to guarantee, have influenced the development of China's bluish dogbane industry.Therefore, carry out the large tracts of land artificial breeding, it is imperative to the bluish dogbane raw materials requirement to satisfy production.
Bluish dogbane breeds methods such as available seed sowing, root segment transplanting and carries out.Owing to transplant, cut the root propagation bluish dogbane, waste time and energy, the Financial cost height, and require have large-area bluish dogbane to gather ground near the planting site, or gather the bluish dogbane root segment vegetatively from wild venetum away from planting area, exist remote transportation and root segment to keep the difficulty of fresh vigor.Therefore, seed will be the main propagating materials of establishing in large scale bluish dogbane, and will be especially true in the primary stage of bluish dogbane breeding.The bluish dogbane seed is tiny, and thousand kernel weight is about 0.3g, and sowing depth can not be pushed up soil too deeply and be emerged.In addition, when soil temperature surpassed more than 35 ℃, percentage of seedgermination was very low, and temperature surpasses 40 ℃, and percentage of seedgermination is zero.
When the western spring temperature in Jilin Province is low, weather arid, no rain, windy, even rain, the soil more than the 2cm of the face of land is also very fast to be done by wind, the lucky bluish dogbane seed that germinates is also dead because of " very thirsty ".When rainy season late June, surface temperature usually surpasses 40 ℃, causes the bluish dogbane seed normally not germinate.Therefore, when western part, Jilin Province plantation bluish dogbane, carrying out seed sowing usually can not be successful.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of growing seedlings and breed the method that the bluish dogbane technology is recovered the saline land fast, can not successful planting recover the problem of kendir in alkaline land vegetation to solve seed sowing with paper web.
The technical solution used in the present invention is to comprise the following steps:
One, the collection of bluish dogbane seed:
At the wild venetum of having protected vegetatively, annual early October is gathered ripe bluish dogbane angle fruit, through operations such as drying, crumple, clean, filters out the bluish dogbane seed of full seed, uniformity;
Two, the grow seedlings preparation of soil:
Select the sand soil in farmland for use, in the ratio of clay fertilizer than 100kg: 5g, with the soil mixing, fertilizer can be composite fertilizer, wherein N be 15%, P
2O
5Be 15%, K
2O is 15%;
Three, prepare in the seedbed
On the soil, field that preparation is grown seedlings, will draw back by the seedling growth paper tube curtain that the degradable paper is made, single paper web diameter is 3cm, highly be 7cm, 400～500 paper webs of every curtain, what filling was got ready grows seedlings soil in each seedling growth paper tube, tamps the back water spray, after 5～6 hours, taking place to mend the earth that bankets in the seedling growth paper tube of sedimentation, after water spray once more, next day, sow;
Four, paper web sowing:
When face of land temperature during, sow at 10 ℃～30 ℃; On each seedling growth paper tube, make a call to a vesicle with the rod of diameter 0.8cm～1.0cm, this little acupoint depth is put into the cave to the bluish dogbane seed at 0.8～1cm, and seed amount is 3～5; With the soil that sieve is good the cave is filled and led up, suppression gently, water spray irrigates;
Five, seedling management
During sowing,, on the seedbed, cover the plastic film of the effect of playing soil moisture conservation and heating when face of land temperature during at 10～15 ℃; When face of land temperature during at 20～30 ℃, cover with landing low temperature, the shading screen that reduces evaporation, watered every 1～2 day, keep ground moistening, emerge up to bluish dogbane;
When treating that bluish dogbane grows a pair of true leaf, when the dusk, light was more weak, throw off the plastic film or the shading screen of covering; When next day, light was strong, cover again, repeat 3～4 times, to promote the growth of bluish dogbane root system; When treating that bluish dogbane grows to the sheet number and is 6～7 pairs, prepare to transplant.
Six, wholely
1. choosing ground: select that the pH value is no more than 10.5 plot in the thick soil of 0～30cm; 2. weeding: after the plot is selected, carry out total weed control, carry out soil cultivation after 14 days with the weed killer herbicide of glyphosate or other natural disposition of going out; 3. harrow a kind of farm tools arrangement: to soil turn over, rake, the whole ground of a kind of farm tools, make land readjustment, soil is in small, broken bits; 4. ridging: by 40～65cm row spacing ridging, the high 15～20cm in ridge.The moisture movement that the saline land causes owing to the influence of mima type microrelief, the salt alkali content in the furrow often is lower than the ridge tongue, and the soil water content in the furrow often is higher than the ridge tongue, and the furrow plantation just provides good relatively growing environment for the bluish dogbane growth of seedling like this.Big, the few snow of Winter-Spring severe cold, wind in addition, because the protection of ridge tongue, furrow plantation bluish dogbane wintering rate is up to more than 95%; 5. dig pit: dig pit in furrow, the hole diameter is 15～20cm, cheats dark 15cm, and the hole distance is 50～100cm; 6. add sandy soil: heavier as the salinization of soil, the pH value need be added the part sand soil 10.0～10.5 in the hole, and the sandy soil ratio can be 1: 3, to increase the permeability of soil, makes bluish dogbane normal growth in seedling stage, spends the tricky time of salt tolerant alkali;
Seven, transplant
Growth there is the bluish dogbane seedling, water spray on the seedling growth paper tube of prepare transplanting, irrigates, paper web is separated naturally, transport to the field and transplant;
Seedling growth paper tube is planted in the hole in the furrow, and transplanting density is 15000～50000 strains/hm
2, transplanting time is chosen in local rainy season, after the transplanting, as does not rain moisturizing in time;
Eight, field management
Bluish dogbane growth 1 year, on the low side as rainfall, soil drought, when 0～30cm soil moisture content was lower than 9%, moisturizing in time before going into the winter, answered moisturizing once; When being subjected to weeds harm, with weed killer herbicide or artificial weeding;
In bluish dogbane growth 1 year and growth year thereof, get final product according to its self-sow; When soil compaction is serious, can before turning green, bluish dogbane carry out shallow rake, chesson vegetatively to bluish dogbane.
One embodiment of the present invention also comprises, in the paper web sowing of step 4: 1～2 alfalfa seed is sowed with bluish dogbane, by the top soil ability of clover, treat that bluish dogbane emerges after, remove the clover seedling;
One embodiment of the present invention also comprises, in step 7 is transplanted: spray soil salinization modifying agent before transplanting and/or spray draught resisting and water retaining on seedling growth paper tube.
In one embodiment of the present invention, soil salinization modifying agent is an organic acid type, mainly contains citric acid, fulvic acid, humus, malic acid, humic acid, propionic acid or salicylic acid.
In one embodiment of the present invention, draught resisting and water retaining is made of the suction composition that high amylopectin starch, acrylic acid, acrylamide polymerization form.
The invention has the advantages that: under present technical conditions, the also prematurity of seed sowing planting bluish dogbane sown pasture technology.Therefore,, utilize the paper web seedling growing process, satisfy bluish dogbane seed germination, the required condition of growth of seedling, hit pay dirk and breed the purpose of bluish dogbane seedling according to bluish dogbane seed germination, growth of seedling rule.Since be that paper web is grown seedlings, to the lowered minimum degree of the injury of bluish dogbane seedlings root, slow hardly seedling during transplanting.In addition, the sand soil in the paper web has been for the bluish dogbane seedlings root provides the microenvironment of growth, it's seedling period to saline and alkaline sensitivity makes can degree of safety past bluish dogbane, strengthened the salt tolerant alkali ability of bluish dogbane seedling, improved the survival rate of transplanting.Paper web is grown seedlings and has also been created convenience for the use of soil salinization modifying agent, draught resisting and water retaining.Moreover according to the water salt characteristics of motion in saline land, ridging furrow culture technique of the present invention provides a good relatively environment for the bluish dogbane growth of seedling.
Wild distribution situation from bluish dogbane western saline land in Jilin Province, adaptability and salt tolerant alkali ability in conjunction with bluish dogbane are taken all factors into consideration, need cover husky improvement except the saline land of utmost point severe could plant the bluish dogbane, bluish dogbane all can be planted in all the other meadows. therefore, on the saline land, bluish dogbane is carried out artificial planting, will improve the ecotope in saline and alkaline area, can alleviate the demand of domestic and international market again, thereby obtain considerable economy, ecology and social benefit bluish dogbane.
Further verify beneficial effect of the present invention below by concrete planting experiment result.
Table one, different sowing depth are to the influence of bluish dogbane planting percent
Table two, usefulness bluish dogbane paper web seedling growing process recover the ecology and the economic benefit of saline-alkali land vegetation
Annotate: after bluish dogbane planting in 2～3 years success, cured leaf output is the 1060.0kg/ hectare.At present, the Folium Apocyni Veneti prices of raw and semifnished materials are 7.0 yuan/kg, and only 1 hectare of bluish dogbane output value of a plantation of leaf can reach 7420.0 yuan.Compare with the method for other traditional saline land restore vegetation, under the prerequisite that guarantees ecological benefits, have huge economic benefit.
Embodiment
Be example with western saline land, Jilin Province among the embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Comprise the following steps:
One, the collection of bluish dogbane seed:
Consider the adaptability of plant, the present invention is an acquisition target to be grown in the western wild bluish dogbane seed in Jilin Province.At the wild venetum of having protected vegetatively, annual early October is gathered ripe bluish dogbane angle fruit, through operations such as drying, crumple, clean, filters out the bluish dogbane seed of full seed, uniformity;
Two, the grow seedlings preparation of soil:
Select the sand soil in farmland for use, select western farmland, Jilin Province soil in the present embodiment, in the ratio of clay fertilizer than 100kg: 5g, with the soil mixing, fertilizer can be composite fertilizer, wherein N be 15%, P
2O
5Be 15%, K
2O is 15%;
Three, prepare in the seedbed
Preparing to draw back 400～500 paper webs of every curtain by the seedling growth paper tube curtain that the degradable paper is made on the soil, field of growing seedlings, single paper web diameter is 3cm, highly be 7cm, the soil that careful filling is got ready tamps the back and sprays enough moisture in each seedling growth paper tube.After 5～6 hours, taking place to mend the earth that bankets in the seedling growth paper tube of sedimentation, after water spray once more.Next day, sow.
This seedling growth paper tube can rot more than 3 months in soil gradually, waters and can separate voluntarily after permeable.
Four, paper web sowing:
When face of land temperature during at 10 ℃～30 ℃, just can sow, with Jilin Province is example, the corresponding sowing time can carry out at the beginning of the last ten-days period～5 month in April, during sowing, on each seedling growth paper tube, make a call to a vesicle with the rod of diameter 0.8cm, each little acupoint depth is put into the cave to the bluish dogbane seed at 0.8～1cm; With the soil that sieve is good the cave is filled and led up, suppression gently, water spray irrigates; The bluish dogbane seed is tiny, pushes up a little less than the native ability, and the seed amount of each seedling growth paper tube sowing is 3～5;
Five, seedling management
When sowing early, surface temperature is in the time of 10 ℃～15 ℃, and covered with plastic film on the seedbed is propped with simple rack, the effect of playing soil moisture conservation and heating; Later when sowing, surface temperature covers with shading screen in the time of 20 ℃～30 ℃, plays and reduces the effect that temperature reduces evaporation.Watered once every 1～2 day, keep ground moistening, emerge up to bluish dogbane.When temperature suited, about 7～9 day time of bluish dogbane just can emerge.
When treating that bluish dogbane grows a pair of true leaf, when the dusk, light was more weak, throw off the Polypropylence Sheet or the shading screen of covering; When next day, light was strong, cover again, repeat 3～4 times, make the bluish dogbane seedling adapt to new environment, to promote the growth of bluish dogbane root system.Treat bluish dogbane growth 70～80 days, when promptly bluish dogbane blade number is 6～7 pairs, prepare to transplant.
Six, wholely
1. choosing ground: be chosen in pH value in 0～30cm soil less than 9.5 soil; 2. weeding: after the plot is selected, carry out total weed control, carry out soil cultivation after 14 days with the weed killer herbicide of glyphosate or other natural disposition of going out; 3. harrow a kind of farm tools arrangement: bluish dogbane is the root turion plant, likes being grown on the good soil of loose air capacity of soils.Therefore, plantation is during bluish dogbane, and reply soil turns over, rake, the whole ground of a kind of farm tools, makes land readjustment, and soil is in small, broken bits; 4. ridging: press 65cm row spacing ridging, the high 15cm in ridge.The moisture movement that the saline land causes owing to the influence of mima type microrelief, salt alkali content in the furrow often is lower than the ridge tongue, soil water content in the furrow often is higher than the ridge tongue, and the furrow plantation is compared with ridge platform, the flat kind like this, just provides good relatively growing environment for the bluish dogbane growth of seedling; Western Winter-Spring, Jilin Province severe cold, big, the few snow of wind in addition, because the protection of ridge tongue, furrow plantation bluish dogbane wintering rate is up to more than 95%; 5. dig pit: dig pit in furrow, the hole diameter is 15cm, cheats dark 15cm, and the hole distance is 100cm;
Seven, transplant
Growth there is the bluish dogbane seedling, water spray on the seedling growth paper tube of prepare transplanting, irrigates, make the paper web natural separation.Careful the piling up in vinyl disc or in other container, reduce injury as far as possible of each paper web to the bluish dogbane seedlings root.The vinyl disc layering of filling bluish dogbane seedling paper web is placed in the haulage vehicle, moves this field of having put in order ground to and transplant.
The root of Apocynum venetum L cording has powerful asexual multiplication ability, and according to the pH value of transplanting ground, transplanting density is 15000 strains/hm
2, through the growth in 2～3 years, relying on stronger asexual multiplication ability, bluish dogbane all can reach needed density.
Transplanting time is typically chosen in local rainy season.Jilin Province should the late June～by the end of July, after the transplanting, as do not rain moisturizing in time.
Eight, field management
Bluish dogbane growth in 1 year is very slow, and root system buries not dark, is subject to weeds, arid harm.On the low side as rainfall, soil drought, when 0～30cm soil moisture content was lower than 9%, moisturizing in time particularly before going into the winter, should be mended a water.When rainy season, the bluish dogbane seedling is subject to weeds harm.When grassy weed more for a long time, the weed killer herbicide that clean, the not busy hoe of available weed killer herbicide dogstail, fluazifop-p-butyl etc. are killed grassy weed sprays weeding.When other weeds more for a long time, mainly rely on artificial weeding.
After bluish dogbane grew 2～3 years, root system buried darker, and drought-resistance ability is strong, and plant strain growth is very fast, and is tall and big, than annual weed stronger competitiveness arranged.Generally speaking, neither need moisturizing, also seldom need to go out to cut weeds.
Bluish dogbane sown pasture after building up is in its growth year, and is serious as soil compaction, can carry out shallow rake, chesson vegetatively to bluish dogbane before bluish dogbane turns green.
Embodiment 2
Collection, the step 2 of step 1 bluish dogbane seed grows seedlings that the preparation, step 3 seedbed of soil prepared, the sowing of step 4 paper web, step 5 seedling management be with embodiment 1,
Six, wholely
1. select ground: the plot that is chosen in pH value 9.5～10.0 in 0～30cm soil; 2. weeding: after the plot is selected, carry out total weed control, carry out soil cultivation after 14 days with the weed killer herbicide of glyphosate or other natural disposition of going out; 3. harrow a kind of farm tools arrangement: bluish dogbane is the root turion plant, likes being grown on the good soil of loose air capacity of soils.Therefore, plantation is during bluish dogbane, and reply soil turns over, rake, the whole ground of a kind of farm tools, makes land readjustment, and soil is in small, broken bits; 4. ridging: press 50cm row spacing ridging, the high 18cm in ridge.The moisture movement that the saline land causes owing to the influence of mima type microrelief, salt alkali content in the furrow often is lower than the ridge tongue, soil water content in the furrow often is higher than the ridge tongue, and the furrow plantation is just compared and provided good relatively growing environment for the bluish dogbane growth of seedling with ridge tongue, flat kind like this.5. dig pit: dig pit in furrow, the hole diameter is 18cm, cheats dark 15cm, and the hole distance is 75cm;
Seven, transplant
Growth there is the bluish dogbane seedling, water spray on the seedling growth paper tube of prepare transplanting, irrigates, make the paper web natural separation.Careful the piling up in vinyl disc or in other container, reduce injury as far as possible of each paper web to the bluish dogbane seedlings root.The vinyl disc layering of filling bluish dogbane seedling paper web is placed in the haulage vehicle, moves the field to and transplant.
Spray draught resisting and water retaining transplanting on the forward direction seedling growth paper tube, this draught resisting and water retaining mainly is made of the suction composition that high amylopectin starch, acrylic acid, acrylamide etc. are polymerized, with the reduction cost of pouring water.
The root of Apocynum venetum L cording has powerful asexual multiplication ability, and according to the pH value of transplanting ground, transplanting density is 26600 strains/hm
2, through the growth in 2～3 years, relying on stronger asexual multiplication ability, bluish dogbane all can reach needed density.
Transplanting time is typically chosen in local rainy season.Jilin Province should the late June～by the end of July, after the transplanting, as do not rain moisturizing in time.
Step 8 is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Collection, the step 2 of step 1 bluish dogbane seed grows seedlings that the preparation, step 3 seedbed of soil prepared, the sowing of step 4 paper web, step 5 seedling management be with embodiment 1,
Six, wholely
1. select ground: the plot that is chosen in pH value 10.5 in 0～30cm soil; 2. weeding: after the plot is selected, carry out total weed control, carry out soil cultivation after 14 days with the weed killer herbicide of glyphosate or other natural disposition of going out; 3. harrow a kind of farm tools arrangement: bluish dogbane is the root turion plant, likes being grown on the good soil of loose air capacity of soils.Therefore, plantation is during bluish dogbane, and reply soil turns over, rake, the whole ground of a kind of farm tools, makes land readjustment, and soil is in small, broken bits; 4. ridging: press 40cm row spacing ridging, the high 20cm in ridge.The moisture movement that the saline land causes owing to the influence of mima type microrelief, salt alkali content in the furrow often is lower than the ridge tongue, soil water content in the furrow often is higher than the ridge tongue, and the furrow plantation is just compared and provided good relatively growing environment for the bluish dogbane growth of seedling with ridge tongue, flat kind like this.5. dig pit: dig pit in furrow, the hole diameter is 20cm, cheats dark 15cm, and the hole distance is 50cm; 6. add sandy soil: add the part sand soil in the hole, the sandy soil ratio is 1: 3, to increase the permeability of soil, makes bluish dogbane normal growth in seedling stage, spends the tricky time of salt tolerant alkali.
Seven, transplant
Growth there is the bluish dogbane seedling, water spray on the seedling growth paper tube of prepare transplanting, irrigates, make the paper web natural separation.Careful the piling up in vinyl disc or in other container, reduce injury as far as possible of each paper web to the bluish dogbane seedlings root.The vinyl disc layering of filling bluish dogbane seedling paper web is placed in the haulage vehicle, moves the field to and transplant.
Before transplanting, on seedling growth paper tube, spray soil salinization modifying agent, mainly contain citric acid, fulvic acid, humus, malic acid, humic acid, propionic acid, the organic acid type soil salinization modifying agent of salicylic acid etc., utilize the complexing of organic compound to salt ion, improve the rhizospheric environment of plant, as: " Kang Dibao " saline-alkali soil conditioner that can buy, this commodity Beijing North Agricultural Kangdi Biotechnology Co., Ltd produces, research and develop by Beijing agronomy university, transplant 3～5 milliliters of preceding every square metre of consumptions, be diluted to 800 times of liquid and evenly be sprayed on the seedling growth paper tube, transplant then;
Spray draught resisting and water retaining transplanting on the forward direction seedling growth paper tube, this draught resisting and water retaining mainly is made of the suction composition that high amylopectin starch, acrylic acid, acrylamide etc. are polymerized, with the reduction cost of pouring water.
Transplanting density is 50000 strains/hm
2, dense planting helps improving survival rate in the high saline land of PH, transplanting time is typically chosen in local rainy season, Jilin Province should the late June～by the end of July, after the transplanting, as do not rain moisturizing in time.
Step 8 is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
The grow seedlings whole ground of preparation, the preparation of step 3 seedbed, the sowing of step 4 paper web, step 5 seedling management, step 6 of soil of collection, the step 2 of step 1 bluish dogbane seed, with embodiment 1,
Seven, transplant
Growth there is the bluish dogbane seedling, water spray on the seedling growth paper tube of prepare transplanting, irrigates, make the paper web natural separation.Careful the piling up in vinyl disc or in other container, reduce injury as far as possible of each paper web to the bluish dogbane seedlings root.The vinyl disc layering of filling bluish dogbane seedling paper web is placed in the haulage vehicle, moves the field to and transplant.
Before transplanting, on seedling growth paper tube, spray soil salinization modifying agent, mainly contain citric acid, fulvic acid, humus, malic acid, humic acid, propionic acid, salicylic acid etc., utilize the complexing of organic compound to salt ion, improve the rhizospheric environment of plant, as: " Kang Dibao " saline-alkali soil conditioner that can buy, these commodity are produced by the Beijing North Agricultural Kangdi Biotechnology Co., Ltd, research and develop by Beijing agronomy university, transplant 3～5 milliliters of preceding every square metre of consumptions, be diluted to 800 times of liquid and evenly be sprayed on the seedling growth paper tube, transplant then;
Spray draught resisting and water retaining transplanting on the forward direction seedling growth paper tube, this draught resisting and water retaining mainly is made of the suction composition that high amylopectin starch, acrylic acid, acrylamide etc. are polymerized, with the reduction cost of pouring water.
Step 8 is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
The grow seedlings whole ground of preparation, the preparation of step 3 seedbed, step 5 seedling management, step 6, the step 7 of soil of collection, the step 2 of step 1 bluish dogbane seed transplanted and the step 8 field management, with embodiment 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, in step 4, also comprise: 1～2 alfalfa seed is sowed with bluish dogbane, top soil ability by clover, to increase the shoot survival percent that goes out of bluish dogbane, after treating that bluish dogbane emerges, remove the clover seedling.
Claims (9)
1. one kind is recovered the method for saline-alkali land vegetation with apocynum paper web for sock growing nursery and breeding, comprises one, the collection of bluish dogbane seed, it is characterized in that also comprising:
Two, the grow seedlings preparation of soil:
Select the sand soil in farmland for use, in the ratio of clay fertilizer than 100kg: 5g, with the soil mixing, fertilizer is composite fertilizer, wherein N be 15%, P
2O
5Be 15%, K
2O is 15%;
Three, prepare in the seedbed
On the soil, field that preparation is grown seedlings, will draw back by the seedling growth paper tube curtain that the degradable paper is made, single paper web diameter is 3cm, highly be 7cm, 400～500 paper webs of every curtain, what filling was got ready grows seedlings soil in each seedling growth paper tube, tamps the back water spray, after 5～6 hours, taking place to mend the earth that bankets in the seedling growth paper tube of sedimentation, after water spray once more, next day, sow;
Four, paper web sowing:
When face of land temperature during, sow at 10 ℃～30 ℃; On each seedling growth paper tube, make a call to a vesicle with the rod of diameter 0.8cm～1.0cm, this little acupoint depth is put into the cave to the bluish dogbane seed at 0.8～1cm, and seed amount is 3～5; With the soil that sieve is good the cave is filled and led up, water spray irrigates;
Five, seedling management
During sowing,, on the seedbed, cover the plastic film of the effect of playing soil moisture conservation and heating when face of land temperature during at 10～15 ℃; When face of land temperature during at 20～30 ℃, cover with landing low temperature, the shading screen that reduces evaporation, watered every 1～2 day, keep ground moistening, emerge up to bluish dogbane;
When treating that bluish dogbane grows a pair of true leaf, when the dusk, light was more weak, throw off the plastic film or the shading screen of covering; When next day, light was strong, cover again, repeat 3～4 times, to promote the growth of bluish dogbane root system; When treating that bluish dogbane grows to the sheet number and is 6～7 pairs, prepare to transplant;
Six, wholely
1. choosing ground: select that the pH value is no more than 10.5 plot in the thick soil of 0～30cm; 2. weeding: after the plot is selected, carry out total weed control, carry out soil cultivation after 14 days with the weed killer herbicide of glyphosate or other natural disposition of going out; 3. harrow a kind of farm tools arrangement: to soil turn over, rake, the whole ground of a kind of farm tools, make land readjustment, soil is in small, broken bits; 4. ridging: by 40～65cm row spacing ridging, the high 15～20cm in ridge; 5. dig pit: dig pit in furrow, the hole diameter is 15～20cm, cheats dark 15cm, and the hole distance is 50～100cm;
Seven, transplant
Growth there is the bluish dogbane seedling, water spray on the seedling growth paper tube of prepare transplanting, irrigates, paper web is separated naturally, transport to the field and transplant;
Seedling growth paper tube is planted in the hole in the furrow, and transplanting density is 15000～50000 strains/hm
2, transplanting time is chosen in local rainy season, after the transplanting, as does not rain moisturizing in time;
Eight, field management
Bluish dogbane growth 1 year, on the low side as rainfall, soil drought, when 0～30cm soil moisture content was lower than 9%, moisturizing in time before going into the winter, answered moisturizing once; When being subjected to weeds harm, with weed killer herbicide or artificial weeding;
In bluish dogbane growth 1 year and growth year thereof, get final product according to its self-sow; When soil compaction is serious, can before turning green, bluish dogbane carry out shallow rake, chesson vegetatively to bluish dogbane.
2. the method for recovering saline-alkali land vegetation with apocynum paper web for sock growing nursery and breeding according to claim 1, also be included in the paper web sowing of step 4: 1～2 alfalfa seed is sowed with bluish dogbane, by the top of clover soil ability, treat that bluish dogbane emerges after, remove the clover seedling.
3. the method with apocynum paper web for sock growing nursery and breeding recovery saline-alkali land vegetation according to claim 1 and 2 also is included in the whole ground of step 6:
6. add sandy soil: heavier as the salinization of soil, the pH value need be added the part sand soil at 10.0～10.5 o'clock in the hole, and the sandy soil ratio can be 1: 3.
4. the method with apocynum paper web for sock growing nursery and breeding recovery saline-alkali land vegetation according to claim 1 and 2, in step 7 is transplanted:
On seedling growth paper tube, spray soil salinization modifying agent before transplanting and/or spray draught resisting and water retaining.
5. the method with apocynum paper web for sock growing nursery and breeding recovery saline-alkali land vegetation according to claim 3, in step 7 is transplanted:
On seedling growth paper tube, spray soil salinization modifying agent before transplanting and/or spray draught resisting and water retaining.
6. the method with apocynum paper web for sock growing nursery and breeding recovery saline-alkali land vegetation according to claim 4, soil salinization modifying agent is an organic acid type, mainly contains citric acid, fulvic acid, humus, malic acid, humic acid, propionic acid or salicylic acid.
7. the method with apocynum paper web for sock growing nursery and breeding recovery saline-alkali land vegetation according to claim 4, draught resisting and water retaining is made of the suction composition that high amylopectin starch, acrylic acid, acrylamide polymerization form.
8. the method with apocynum paper web for sock growing nursery and breeding recovery saline-alkali land vegetation according to claim 5, soil salinization modifying agent is an organic acid type, mainly contains citric acid, fulvic acid, humus, malic acid, humic acid, propionic acid or salicylic acid.
9. the method with apocynum paper web for sock growing nursery and breeding recovery saline-alkali land vegetation according to claim 5, draught resisting and water retaining is made of the suction composition that high amylopectin starch, acrylic acid, acrylamide polymerization form.
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| CN100594775C (en) * | 2008-01-14 | 2010-03-24 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Raise seedling method for kendir in alkaline land |
| CN101965777B (en) * | 2010-08-11 | 2012-01-11 | 新疆戈宝红麻有限公司 | Method for massively planting apocynum venetum on saline-alkali desert lands |
| CN101940147A (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2011-01-12 | 安茂生物科技有限公司 | Poplar tree cultivating method for improving saline-alkaline land |
| CN102246654B (en) * | 2011-06-14 | 2012-07-25 | 大连工业大学 | Seedling raising and planting method for apocynum venetum |
| CN102318494A (en) * | 2011-08-17 | 2012-01-18 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for cultivating Apocynum venetum seedling in sand |
| CN102487696B (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2013-01-23 | 山东省农业可持续发展研究所 | Method of utilizing stem section cuttage to reproduce apocynum venetum in alkali soil |
| CN106305087A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-11 | 陈丁龙 | Method for planting apocynum venetum by soil restoration of saline-alkali land |
| CN107173036A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-09-19 | 扬州大学 | A kind of clover is waterlogging, Salt And Alkali Tolerance implantation methods |
| CN107821131A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-03-23 | 东营市农业科学研究院 | A kind of beach saline land bluish dogbane implantation methods |
| CN109215309B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2020-11-06 | 康美中药材数据信息服务有限公司 | Medicinal material production environment early warning method, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN111972266B (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2022-04-15 | 盛晋华 | Double-layer matrix and connecting line paper tube cultivation method for astragalus membranaceus industrial seedling culture |
| CN112715309A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-30 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 | Simple and efficient method for planting alfalfa in heavy saline-alkali soil and special device thereof |
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