CN101965777B - Method for massively planting apocynum venetum on saline-alkali desert lands - Google Patents
Method for massively planting apocynum venetum on saline-alkali desert lands Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for massively planting apocynum venetum on saline-alkali desert lands. The method is implemented by the steps of seed screening, nutrition cup preparation, room-temperature facility arrangement, seeding in time, seeding amount control, management during seedling time, nursery garden transplanting, nursery garden field management and large-field transplanting. In the method, massive and productive apocynum venetum planting experiments are carried out under specific weather conditions in the Altay region of Xinjiang, and the experiments prove that when the method is used, the survival rate of the apocynum venetum large-field strains planted on the gobi desert lands reaches 95.8 to 96.4 percent, a service life is shortened, and an application prospect is wide. Particularly, the seedling plants for the gobi desert lands can be cultivated in one year, so that the shortcoming that the conventional large field or nursery garden seedlings raised by direct seeding are transplanted to the gobi desert lands after 2 to 3 years generally is overcome and the massive planting and mechanical field management are realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of saline and alkaline desert ground bluish dogbane implant mass method, especially bluish dogbane bionic cultivation kind method for planting on the desert soil of Gobi desert on a large scale.
Background technology
Bluish dogbane one speech is that agricultural economist Dong just all is born in nineteen fifty-two earlier and finds the use value of its fiber in the Lop Nur, Xinjiang and name, the former how general name of the Apocynum platymiscium of creating of woods that means." Chinese Plants will " was divided into 2 with it and belonged to 3 kinds afterwards; On production and market, use relatively more chaotic; Mr.'s Liu Qitang proposition is spreaded out bluish dogbane (Apocynum venetum L.) and is spreaded out the newname of hemp (Apocynum hendersonii Hook.f.), to distinguish the different purposes of different plant speciess.Present technique means the seed seedling-raising of bluish dogbane (spreading out bluish dogbane) Apocynum venetum L. under Altay Prefecture's special environment condition, the best-of-breed technology of saline and alkaline desert ground plantation.
Bluish dogbane is perennial perennial root herbaceous plant, and perennial root normally can be survived about 30 years, well developed root system, and new and old horizontal branch is all sprouted new strain every year, and is in an unbroken line, is to beautify best ecological vegetable of desert and the significant green health plant of effect.Before the 1950's, all there are a large amount of distributions in more than 10 province in NW China to northeast.After 1958; Reasons such as, artificial destruction improper owing to policy, research and development are not in place, climatic deterioration; Cause bluish dogbane to 2003 year in my Haake Gobi desert of North SinKiang Altay and Ebinur Lake nature reserve, northwest, Lop Nur to ground such as valley, emerging ground survive a small amount of; All the other areas are basic to be destroyed, and the Gobi desert jewellery suffers from abandoning.
Spreading out bluish dogbane early has research and report with the seed seedling-raising technology of spreading out hemp, and the report at crop land, light saline land upper seeding wheel reproductive success is arranged, and has at the unsuccessful report of geavy salt alkali seminal propagation on the ground.Like Li Zhijian etc., recover the method [application (patent) number: CN20061007218.3 of saline-alkali land vegetation with bluish dogbane root segment propagation technique; The method that Jiang Jin etc., kendir in alkaline land grow seedlings, the patent No.: CN200810072806.6; Bai Lu etc. spread out bluish dogbane artificial cultivation technique research notes [J]. Chinese wild plant resource, 2005,24 (5): 65; Sun Wei etc., bluish dogbane planting technology [J]. extraordinary economic animals and plants, 2005,8 (8): 23; Zhao Xiufang etc., value of exploiting and utilizing of bluish dogbane and planting technique [J]. Chinese water and soil conservation, 2005 (10): 42; Ding Liwei etc., standardized cultivation technology [J]. Beijing agricultural, 2006, (3): 15; Dong Zhengjun etc., the bluish dogbane seedling is transplanted Test Summary [J]. northwest Botany Gazette, 2002,22 (7): 94.But this all is some in a small amount, experimental results, and real large-scale production property application technology is not appeared in the newspapers, and does not occur even " recovering the method for saline-alkali land vegetation " patent is also seen the bluish dogbane of growth in blocks so far.
Saline and alkaline desert ground is a soil type that salt gathers, that be alkalescence.The saline and alkaline normal growth that has influence on crop that the soil the inside is contained.According to UNESCO and food and agricultural organization's incomplete statistics, the area in saline land, the whole world is 9.5438 hundred million hectares, and wherein China is 9,913 ten thousand hectares.The formation of China's alkaline earth and alkali-affected soil, most of relevant with the accumulative total of carbonate in the soil, thereby basicity is generally higher, serious salt affected soil regional plant almost can not be survived.The saline land is simply said utilizing in the middle of the process, can be divided into light saline land, moderate saline land and heavy saline land.Light saline land is meant emerging very likely of it, percent seventy or eighty, its salt content is below 3/1000ths; Heavy saline land is meant that its salt content surpasses 6/1000ths, and emergence rate is lower than 50%; Middle this piece is exactly the moderate saline land.Along with science and technology development, should only not see disadvantageous one side at present, more should regard it as very precious land resources; Because there are many biologies to comprise plant; Comprise microorganism, can adapt to this environment, and the bluish dogbane plant promptly is one of them species.Its wild plant can be in light, moderate; Even in the growth of heavy saline land; But its seed germination and seedling are relatively poor to saline and alkaline adaptability, and directly the upper seeding wheel in the saline land can (general crops can not grow) be sowed, sprout, grow seedlings under light salt affected soil condition.And successfully plant into alive on the ground in saline and alkaline desert with a large amount of seedlings that the present invention obtains.
The present invention selected to Xinjiang to save endangered bluish dogbane in 2002.And put into practice " scale bionical attitude plantation 2000 mu ", and estimates that bionical cultivated area in 2010 reaches 10000 mu, this " desert becomes oasis engineering " is not only to have increased the project of benefiting the nation and the people that peasants and herdsmen took in but also drove local economic development.
Bluish dogbane is owing to be grown in the whole world apart from my Haake chad Gobi desert of seashore North SinKiang Altay farthest, and local ultraviolet radiation intensity is everlasting 5 grades, and the sunshine time is the longest above 16 hours; Maximum temperature 41 degree Celsius, minimum subzero 45 degree Celsius of temperature, wind-force is the highest 12 grades, and the face of land is dry; Underground spring is abundant; Be rich in multiple trace element in the sand to the human body beneficial, therefore, under extreme special geographical condition; Make the precious bluish dogbane of dagger-axe produce more and degeneration-resistant relevant health care composition, 3 times of standards of the bluish dogbane that its effective flavones composition is the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China [(bluish dogbane) Apocynum venetum Linn.], amino acid content are 4 times of general autumn tea.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is; A kind of saline and alkaline desert ground bluish dogbane implant mass method is provided, and this method is seed screening, nutrient cup preparation, chamber facility, sowing time, seeding quantity, seedling period management, nursery transplanting, nursery field management, field-transplanting, the completion of field management step.This method has relatively been carried out large-scale, productive bluish dogbane planting experiment under the special climate condition in the Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang; Facts have proved; Saline and alkaline desert implant mass bluish dogbane land for growing field crops strain on the ground clump survival rate reaches 95.8%-96.4% in the Gobi desert to use this method, has broad application prospects.Particularly in 1 year, cultivate and to supply the seedling plant cultivated on the barren beach of Gobi desert.Thereby overcome traditional land for growing field crops or the nursery seed sowing is grown seedlings, generally needed 2 years or 3 years just can be transplanted to Gobi desert desert present situation on the ground.
Saline and alkaline desert of the present invention ground bluish dogbane implant mass method follows these steps to carry out:
A, seed screening:
Adopt wet cleaning process,, put into temperature 15-25 ℃ clear water, select to be sunken in the water, full seed the bluish dogbane seed, average thousand kernel weight 350mg, (germination rate is at 75%-80%) is subsequent use;
B, nutrient cup preparation:
With commercially available plastics nutrient cup, bore 10cm, high 10cm, cup have at the end and to fill in the nutrient cup of a small aperture 1cm by alpine steppe soil, become thoroughly decomposed sheep excrement and turfy soil by weight the nutrition soil of 1: 1: 1 mixed preparing, and be subsequent use;
C, chamber facility:
Be provided with heating system in the greenhouse, light transmittance is 50%, and during in temperature-20 ℃, the nutrient cup soil temperature remains on 17-23 ℃ when outdoor, and the above temperature of indoor 1m height is 15 ℃;
D, sowing time, seeding quantity:
Go up annual March, begin sowing the middle ten days, went out full stand in 10-15 days, control seedling age 45-50 days, and seeding quantity is a sowing 10-15 grain step a seeds treated in each nutrient cup of step b;
E, seedling period management:
The control temperature of green house soil is at 20-25 ℃, soil moisture content 20%-30%, and relative air humidity 80%-90% in the greenhouse too high or too lowly all can influence the seedling healthy growth;
Transplant in f, nursery:
On May, move into nursery with the nutrient cup in the greenhouse the middle ten days, press line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 10-15cm plants, the nursery soil salt content is 0.3%-0.8%;
G, nursery field management:
Except that according to the concrete condition intertill and clean tillage, keep ground moistening, impose fertilizer, or do not apply fertilizer, the excessive growth of control seedling requires its well developed root system, sturdy, and its cane is sturdy;
H, field-transplanting:
On October, the middle ten days, the nursery seedling carried out field-transplanting on the ground behind the part fallen leaves before soil freezes then, before transplanting, digged pit by the circulation of 1 meter of spacing in the rows, 1.5 meters * 3 meters of line-spacings in the land for growing field crops, Gobi desert earlier; Its hole diameter is that 40 centimeters, the degree of depth are 30 centimeters, in the hole, adds 1 kilogram of fertilizer then, Central Plains, nursery strain clump balled transplanting is cheated in this afterwards again; Ridging is steady and sure, stays the dried-up stem of part in ground, repaves drip irrigation pipe; Water once permeable by nest; Shoot root is combined with soil closely, help sending out seedling next year, make the seedling robust growth;
I, field management;
The seedlings root of newly planting is more shallow, and is not drought-resistant, after sprouting the beginning of spring, all should drip irrigation water; Keep every nest ground moistening, should sooner or later carry out, get into July; According to weather condition, water weekly 1 time, to cutting off the water by the end of August; In 9 months, behind the last ten-days period fallen leaves, water 1 time permeable, at last with drip irrigation pipe collect, repair, keeping, use next year again.
The salt content of water is 0.2%-0.5% among the step a.
The soil salt content 0.3%-0.5% of the nutrition soil of step b preparation.
Step b alpine steppe soil is the high mountain mountain steppe soil, and the sheep excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed is with herdsman's sheepfold excrement, and plastic film ferments on the moistening bonnet of stacking in institute.
Step c heating system is the underground heat pipe-line system.
Step f nursery soil salt content 0.5% is best.
The fertilizer that step g applies is become thoroughly decomposed the sheep excrement or the light aqueous solution of night soil.
Saline and alkaline desert of the present invention ground bluish dogbane implant mass method with similar technological relatively its innovative point is:
(1), fast growth, survival rate height; Can in 1 year, cultivate the seedling plant of cultivating on the barren beach of confession Gobi desert.Thereby overcome traditional land for growing field crops or the nursery planting seed is grown seedlings, generally needed 2 years or 3 years just can be transplanted to Gobi desert desert present situation on the ground.With the nutrient cup is that unit calculates, and survival rate is 100%, is that unit calculates with the strain clump, moves into the land for growing field crops survival rate and reaches 95.8%-96.4%.
(2), realized implant mass and developed to the agriculture field management direction of modernization, successfully planted 2000 mu on the ground in saline and alkaline desert at present.By strain clump spacing is the cyclic design of 3 meters of 1 meters, 1.5 meters * of line space, can realize mechanization production.
(3), shortened the time limit of results; Need growth 3-5 after the general seedling plantation of bluish dogbane picking leaves tea making, obtaining needs growth 5-8 after the general plantation of fiber.This kind of method for planting can make the grower's year limit short, and plantation back 2-3 can picking leaves, the 3-5 fiber of can gathering.Because the booth heating system can satisfy subzero 20 nursery temperatures when spending, can accomplish to grow seedlings in advance, there are 21 green houses in company, for implant mass provides seedling.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A, seed screening:
Adopt wet cleaning process, with the bluish dogbane seed, put into the clear water of 15 ℃ of temperature, the salt content of water is 0.1%, selects to be sunken in the water, full seed, average thousand kernel weight 350mg, and (germination rate is at 75%-80%) is subsequent use;
B, nutrient cup preparation:
With commercially available plastics nutrient cup; Bore 10cm, high 10cm, cup have at the end to fill by alpine steppe soil (taking from the Altai Mountains upland meadow), the sheep excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed in the nutrient cup of a small aperture 1cm and (buy herdsman's barnyard manure; Stack in institute that plastic film ferments on the moistening bonnet) and turfy soil (commercially available; Buy) by weight mixed preparing nutrition in 1: 1: 1 soil, the soil of the nutrition soil of preparation is salt content 0.3%, and is subsequent use;
C, chamber facility:
Being provided with heating system in the greenhouse is the underground heat pipe-line system, and light transmittance is 50%, and during in temperature-20 ℃, the nutrient cup soil temperature remains on 17 ℃ when outdoor, and the above temperature of indoor 1m height is 15 ℃;
D, sowing time, seeding quantity:
Go up annual March, begin sowing the middle ten days, went out full stand in 10 days, control seedling age 45 days, and seeding quantity is 15 step a seeds treated of sowing in each nutrient cup of step b;
E, seedling period management:
The control temperature of green house soil is at 20 ℃, soil moisture content 20%, and relative air humidity 80% in the greenhouse, too high or too lowly all can influence the seedling healthy growth;
Transplant in f, nursery:
On May, move into nursery with the nutrient cup in the greenhouse the middle ten days, press line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 10cm plants, the nursery soil salt content is 0.3%;
G, nursery field management:
Except that according to the concrete condition intertill and clean tillage, keep ground moistening, imposing fertilizer is the light aqueous solution of night soil, and the excessive growth of control seedling (acrial part) requires its well developed root system, sturdy, and its cane is sturdy;
H, field-transplanting:
On October, the middle ten days, the nursery seedling carried out field-transplanting on the ground behind the part fallen leaves before soil freezes then, before transplanting, digged pit by the circulation of 1 meter of spacing in the rows, 1.5 meters * 3 meters of line-spacings in the land for growing field crops, Gobi desert earlier; Its diameter is that 40 centimeters, the degree of depth are 30 centimeters, adds 1 kilogram of fertilizer then, Central Plains, nursery strain clump balled transplanting is cheated in this afterwards again; Ridging is steady and sure, stays the dried-up stem of part in ground, spreads drip irrigation pipe then; Water once permeable by nest; Shoot root is combined with soil closely, help sending out seedling next year, make the seedling robust growth;
I, field management;
The seedlings root of newly planting is more shallow, and is not drought-resistant, after sprouting the beginning of spring, all should drip irrigation water; Keep every nest ground moistening, should sooner or later carry out, get into July; According to weather condition, water weekly 1 time, to cutting off the water by the end of August; In 9 months, behind the last ten-days period fallen leaves, water 1 time permeable, at last with drip irrigation pipe collect, repair, keeping, use next year again.
Embodiment 2
A, seed screening:
Adopt wet cleaning process, with the bluish dogbane seed, put into the clear water of 20 ℃ of temperature, the salt content of water is 0.3%, selects to be sunken in the water, full seed, average thousand kernel weight 350mg, and (germination rate is at 75%-80%) is subsequent use;
B, nutrient cup preparation:
With commercially available plastics nutrient cup, bore 10cm, high 10cm; Cup has at the end to fill by alpine steppe soil (taking from the Altai Mountains upland meadow), the sheep excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed in the nutrient cup of a small aperture 1cm (buys herdsman's barnyard manure; Stack in institute that plastic film ferments on the moistening bonnet) with turfy soil (commercially available, as to buy) by weight mixed preparing nutrition in 1: 1: 1 soil, the native soil of the nutrition of preparation is alkalescent; Salt content 0.4%, subsequent use;
C, chamber facility:
Be provided with heating system underground heat pipe-line system in the greenhouse, light transmittance is 50%, and during in temperature-20 ℃, the nutrient cup soil temperature remains on 20 ℃ when outdoor, and the above temperature of indoor 1m height is 15 ℃;
D, sowing time, seeding quantity:
Go up annual March, begin sowing the middle ten days, went out full stand in 13 days, control seedling age 48 days, and seeding quantity is 13 step a seeds treated of sowing in each nutrient cup of step b;
E, seedling period management:
The control temperature of green house soil is at 23 ℃, soil moisture content 25%, and relative air humidity 85% in the greenhouse, too high or too lowly all can influence the seedling healthy growth;
Transplant in f, nursery:
On May, move into nursery with the nutrient cup in the greenhouse the middle ten days, press line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 13cm plants, the nursery soil salt content is 0.5%;
G, nursery field management:
Except that according to the concrete condition intertill and clean tillage, keep ground moistening, impose fertilizer and be the sheep excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the excessive growth of control seedling (acrial part) requires its well developed root system, sturdy, and its cane is sturdy;
H, field-transplanting:
On October, the middle ten days, the nursery seedling carried out field-transplanting on the ground behind the part fallen leaves before soil freezes then, before transplanting, digged pit by the circulation of 1 meter of spacing in the rows, 1.5 meters * 3 meters of line-spacings in the land for growing field crops, Gobi desert earlier; Its diameter is that 40 centimeters, the degree of depth are 30 centimeters, adds 1 kilogram of fertilizer then, Central Plains, nursery strain clump balled transplanting is cheated in this afterwards again; Ridging is steady and sure, stays the dried-up stem of part in ground, spreads drip irrigation pipe then; Water once permeable by nest; Shoot root is combined with soil closely, help sending out seedling next year, make the seedling robust growth;
I, field management;
The seedlings root of newly planting is more shallow, and is not drought-resistant, after sprouting the beginning of spring, all should drip irrigation water; Keep every nest ground moistening, should sooner or later carry out, get into July; According to weather condition, water weekly 1 time, to cutting off the water by the end of August; In 9 months, behind the last ten-days period fallen leaves, water 1 time permeable, at last with drip irrigation pipe collect, repair, keeping, use next year again.
Embodiment 3
A, seed screening:
Adopt wet cleaning process, with the bluish dogbane seed, put into the clear water of 25 ℃ of temperature, the salt content of water is 0.5%, selects to be sunken in the water, full seed, average thousand kernel weight 350mg, and (germination rate is at 75%-80%) is subsequent use;
B, nutrient cup preparation:
With commercially available plastics nutrient cup, bore 10cm, high 10cm; Cup has at the end to fill by alpine steppe soil (taking from the Altai Mountains upland meadow), the sheep excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed in the nutrient cup of a small aperture 1cm (buys herdsman's barnyard manure; Stack in institute that plastic film ferments on the moistening bonnet) with turfy soil (commercially available, as to buy) by weight mixed preparing nutrition in 1: 1: 1 soil, the native soil of the nutrition of preparation is alkalescent; Salt content 0.5%, subsequent use;
C, chamber facility:
Be provided with heating system underground heat pipe-line system in the greenhouse, light transmittance is 50%, and during in temperature-20 ℃, the nutrient cup soil temperature remains on 23 ℃ when outdoor, and the above temperature of indoor 1m height is 15 ℃;
D, sowing time, seeding quantity:
Go up annual March, begin sowing the middle ten days, went out full stand in 15 days, control seedling age 50 days, and seeding quantity is 10 step a seeds treated of sowing in each nutrient cup of step b;
E, seedling period management:
The control temperature of green house soil is at 25 ℃, soil moisture content 30%, and relative air humidity 90% in the greenhouse, too high or too lowly all can influence the seedling healthy growth;
Transplant in f, nursery:
On May, move into nursery with the nutrient cup in the greenhouse the middle ten days, press line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 15cm plants, the nursery soil salt content is 0.8%;
G, nursery field management:
Except that according to the concrete condition intertill and clean tillage, keep ground moistening, not apply fertilizer, the excessive growth of control seedling (acrial part) requires its well developed root system, sturdy, and its cane is sturdy;
H, field-transplanting:
On October, the middle ten days, the nursery seedling carried out field-transplanting on the ground behind the part fallen leaves before soil freezes then, before transplanting, digged pit by the circulation of 1 meter of spacing in the rows, 1.5 meters * 3 meters of line-spacings in the land for growing field crops, Gobi desert earlier; Its diameter is that 40 centimeters, the degree of depth are 30 centimeters, adds 1 kilogram of fertilizer then, Central Plains, nursery strain clump balled transplanting is cheated in this afterwards again; Ridging is steady and sure, stays the dried-up stem of part in ground, spreads drip irrigation pipe then; Water once permeable by nest; Shoot root is combined with soil closely, help sending out seedling next year, make the seedling robust growth;
I, field management;
The seedlings root of newly planting is more shallow, and is not drought-resistant, after sprouting the beginning of spring, all should drip irrigation water; Keep every nest ground moistening, should sooner or later carry out, get into July; According to weather condition, water weekly 1 time, to cutting off the water by the end of August; In 9 months, behind the last ten-days period fallen leaves, water 1 time permeable, at last with drip irrigation pipe collect, repair, keeping, use next year again.
The method of the invention on February 25th, 2008 will be picked up from my Haake salt lake wild venetum mature seed of Altay, in the precious bluish dogbane of Altay dagger-axe scientific base, with well water (salt content 0.3%) when 20L is heated to 20 ℃; Drop into seed 1000g and carry out wet concentration, stir, leave standstill about 10min; Seed 903g must wet; To wet seed after blotting redundant moisture on the dry gauze, be seeded in the ready nutrient cup, every glass of 10-15 grain seed.Sowed 30000 glasss the same day, 50000 glasss of sowings on the 26th after planting, are sprayed moistening seed of clear water and soil; Place the greenhouse, 17-23 ℃ of nutrient cup soil temperature, about 15 ℃ of the above air themperatures of 1m; Air humidity is about 80%, in the greenhouse sunshine short, but replenish illumination;
On March 5th, 2008 begin to reveal bud, appeared cotyledon on 10th, begin to replenish every day illumination 4h; Neat seedling (major part, emergence rate 83%) on the 15th; Began to occur true leaf on the 21st.Get into to reduce gradually in the greenhouse in April and heat, the above air themperature of 1m is 13～25 ℃.Through the growth of 1 wheat harvesting period, measured the seedling strain of 10 nutrient cup to April 30, top height of seedling 15.4cm fifty-fifty, the on average long 27.3cm of main root;
Nutrient cup 8 to 12 May in 2008 (band soil removes a glass skin) is all transplanted in outdoor nursery, and 14～26 ℃ of outdoor temperatures are watered normal root water after the transplanting, and the field management in nursery mainly is to keep ground moistening, weeds a garden.The small and weak seedling of some of them has death, but is unit calculating with the nutrient cup, and survival rate reaches 100%; Took the seedling strain of 10 strain clumps September 27 and measure, average plant height 56.7cm, well developed root system; Because lateral root is more, average every strain has 3.5 lateral roots, and 4 to 9 October in 2008 planted in the land for growing field crops, Gobi desert; Mays 15 in 2009, the daily inspection survival rate in the strain clump, reached 95.8%.
On March 2nd, 2009 will be picked up from Hami wild venetum mature seed, in the precious bluish dogbane of Altay dagger-axe scientific base,, drop into seed 1000g and will carry out wet concentration when 20L is heated to 20 ℃ with well water (salt content 0.3%); Stir, leave standstill about 10min, the seed 931g that must wet will wet seed after blotting redundant moisture on the dry gauze; Be seeded in the ready nutrient cup, every glass of 10～15 seeds were sowed 40000 glasss the same day, and March 3, sowing was 50000 glasss; After planting, spray moistening seed of clear water and soil, place the greenhouse, 18～23 ℃ of nutrient cup soil temperature; About 15 ℃ of the above air themperatures of 1m, air humidity is about 80%, in the greenhouse sunshine short, but replenish illumination;
On March 15th, 2009 begin to reveal bud, appeared cotyledon on 21st, begin to replenish every day illumination 4h; Neat seedling (major part, emergence rate 88%) on the 27th; April 2 began to occur true leaf.Get into to reduce gradually in the greenhouse in April and heat, the above air themperature of 1m is 12-25 ℃.Through the growth of 1 wheat harvesting period, measured the seedling strain of 10 nutrient cup to May 3, top height of seedling 16.7cm fifty-fifty, the on average long 31.1cm of main root;
Nutrient cup 13 to 18 May in 2009 (band soil removes a glass skin) is all transplanted in outdoor nursery, outdoor temperature 14-28 ℃, waters normal root water after the transplanting.The field management in nursery mainly is to keep ground moistening, weeds a garden, and the small and weak seedling of some of them has death, but is unit calculating with the nutrient cup; Survival rate reaches 100%, takes the seedling strain of 10 strain clumps September 25 and measures, average plant height 66.1cm, well developed root system; Because lateral root is more, average every strain has 3.9 lateral roots, and 5 to 19 October in 2009 planted in the land for growing field crops, Gobi desert; Mays 22 in 2010, the daily inspection survival rate in the strain clump, reached 96.4%.
Claims (7)
1. saline and alkaline desert ground bluish dogbane implant mass method is characterized in that following these steps to carrying out:
A, seed screening:
Adopt wet cleaning process, with the bluish dogbane seed, put into temperature 15-25 ℃ clear water, select to be sunken in the water, full seed, average thousand kernel weight 350mg is subsequent use;
B, nutrient cup preparation:
With commercially available plastics nutrient cup, bore 10cm, high 10cm, cup have at the end and to fill in the nutrient cup of a small aperture 1cm by alpine steppe soil, become thoroughly decomposed sheep excrement and turfy soil by weight the nutrition soil of 1: 1: 1 mixed preparing, and be subsequent use;
C, chamber facility:
Be provided with heating system in the greenhouse, light transmittance is 50%, and during in temperature-20 ℃, the nutrient cup soil temperature remains on 17-23 ℃ when outdoor, and the above temperature of indoor 1m height is 15 ℃;
D, sowing time, seeding quantity:
Go up annual March, begin sowing the middle ten days, went out full stand in 10-15 days, control seedling age 45-50 days, and seeding quantity is a sowing 10-15 grain step a seeds treated in each nutrient cup of step b;
E, seedling period management:
Control temperature of green house soil at 20-25 ℃, soil moisture content 20%-30%, relative air humidity 80%-90% in the greenhouse;
Transplant in f, nursery:
On May, move into nursery with the nutrient cup in the greenhouse the middle ten days, press line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 10-15cm plants, the nursery soil salt content is 0.3%-0.8%;
G, nursery field management:
Except that according to the concrete condition intertill and clean tillage, keep ground moistening, impose fertilizer, or do not apply fertilizer, the excessive growth of control seedling;
H, field-transplanting:
On October, the middle ten days, the nursery seedling carried out field-transplanting on the ground behind the part fallen leaves before soil freezes then, before transplanting, digged pit by the circulation of 1 meter of spacing in the rows, 1.5 meters * 3 meters of line-spacings in saline and alkaline desert land for growing field crops, Gobi desert earlier; Its hole diameter is that 40 centimeters, the degree of depth are 30 centimeters, in the hole, adds 1 kilogram of fertilizer then, Central Plains, nursery strain clump balled transplanting is cheated in this afterwards again; Ridging is steady and sure, stays the dried-up stem of part in ground, repaves drip irrigation pipe; Water once permeablely by nest, shoot root is combined with soil closely;
I, field management;
The seedlings root of newly planting is more shallow, and is not drought-resistant, after sprouting the beginning of spring, all should drip irrigation water; Keep every nest ground moistening, should sooner or later carry out, get into July; According to weather condition, water weekly 1 time, to cutting off the water by the end of August; In 9 months, behind the last ten-days period fallen leaves, water 1 time permeable, at last with drip irrigation pipe collect, repair, keeping, use next year again.
2. method according to claim 1, the salt content that it is characterized in that water among the step a is 0.2%-0.5%.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the native soil salt content 0.3%-0.5% of nutrition that step b prepares.
4. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that step b alpine steppe soil is the high mountain mountain steppe soil, and the sheep excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed is with herdsman's sheepfold excrement, and plastic film ferments on the moistening bonnet of stacking in institute.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that step c heating system is the underground heat pipe-line system, for booth provides required nursery temperature.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that step f nursery soil salt content 0.5% is for best.
7. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the fertilizer that step g applies is become thoroughly decomposed the sheep excrement or the light aqueous solution of night soil.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN102349408A (en) * | 2011-08-17 | 2012-02-15 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for planting apocynum venetum in arid area salinification desert |
| CN102318494A (en) * | 2011-08-17 | 2012-01-18 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for cultivating Apocynum venetum seedling in sand |
| CN102487696B (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2013-01-23 | 山东省农业可持续发展研究所 | Method of utilizing stem section cuttage to reproduce apocynum venetum in alkali soil |
| CN102893739B (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2015-08-05 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Millet method for culturing and transplanting seedlings |
| CN105027915A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-11 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Method for interplanting apocynum venetum and garlic in saline and alkaline land |
| CN105660159A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-06-15 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for quickly restoring and constructing reed vegetation in degraded wetland |
| CN106105458A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-11-16 | 四川华电杂谷脑水电开发有限责任公司 | Intercept water method for the plantation solid water saving of desert habitat scale and ground |
| CN106973576A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-07-25 | 内蒙古百合生态科技有限公司 | Improve the construction method with greening a kind of desert saline |
| CN107223515B (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2021-03-09 | 王盼盼 | Apocynum venetum cultivation method suitable for heavy saline alkali area |
| CN109644784A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-04-19 | 南京三生万物环保科技有限公司 | Bluish dogbane breeding and seedling nursing with equipment and mechanical transplanting integrated planting method |
| CN110140600A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-08-20 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | A kind of bluish dogbane seed seedling-raising and field production method |
| CN115336444A (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-11-15 | 石河子大学 | Method for improving soil by using leaf eating grass in saline-alkali soil in arid area |
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