CN101766093A - Rape no-tillage place-transplanting total straw application high production and high efficiency method - Google Patents
Rape no-tillage place-transplanting total straw application high production and high efficiency method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101766093A CN101766093A CN 201010116758 CN201010116758A CN101766093A CN 101766093 A CN101766093 A CN 101766093A CN 201010116758 CN201010116758 CN 201010116758 CN 201010116758 A CN201010116758 A CN 201010116758A CN 101766093 A CN101766093 A CN 101766093A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rape no-tillage place-transplanting total straw application high production and high efficiency method, relating to the rape cultivation technology; in the technology, after rice is harvested, a rake is used for hoeing furrows and fixing ridges, the width of the ridge surface is 90cm, the width of the furrow is 30cm, the wide row spacing and narrow inter-plant distance technology is adopted, two rows of the plants are planted in each ridge, the inter-plant distance is 15-18cm, rape seedlings are placed close to the ridge soil tightly, the roots of the seedlings are pressed by soil blocks, when one ridge is planted, the straw is paved on the ridge surface, and the straws are pressed by soil in the furrow. Compared with the technology which adopts normal transplanting technology, the production is increased by 30.1 kilograms/acre by adopting the parcel of rice field, the production is increased by 18.38 percent, 3-4 workers are reduced, and 150-200 yuan/acre cost is saved. By adopting the rape no-tillage total straw application technology, the problem of environment pollution caused by firing and discarding the straws is solved, the organic matter content of the soil is increased and weed growth is reduced by adopting straw coverage. The technology has simple operation and good promotion and application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rape no-tillage place-transplanting total straw application high production high efficiency method, belong to the rape cultivation technical field.
Background technology
Rape is one of most important oil crop of China, and area and output all occupy first place in the world.In general, China's rape traditional planting technology is a target to improve per unit area yield, is core with the intensive cultivation, serves as theme with artificial work.High-yield culture technique adopts artificial breeding to beat the cave transplanting method more, and the amount of labour used is bigger.Since the reform and opening-up, along with rural labour's transfer, be that the theory at center is rooted in the hearts of the people with the economic benefit, the rape cultivation technology must solve high yield and contradiction efficiently.
Exempt from, minimal till on producing in recent years, light simple mechanized farming technology and rice cover wet goods culture technique are promoted very fast China's developed coastal province part, and the direct-sowing rape area increases very fast.But along with rape preceding crop Direct-seeding Rice and late japonica rice area increase, the live crops for rotation of rape postpone.Because crops for rotation evenings, rape is short effective vegetative period, and little, the safe overwintering of amount of growth has a big risk before the winter, yields poorly.And along with lacking applying of no-tillage light simple culture technique, the rape weeds in field generation extent of injury also increased the weight of in the past to some extent, and especially the broadleaf weed of association can not effectively be prevented and kill off, and is very big to yield effect.The field in winter slack in province such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang forms and crops for rotation are slow, the rapeseed cultivation economic benefit is hanged down substantial connection.
Along with rice mechanization results large tracts of land increases, the field straw be treated as a serious problem.Present most of peasant takes the measure of on-site incineration straw.Burn straw harm (one) contaminated air environment is arranged: contain a large amount of carbonic acid gas in the thick smoke when burning straw, and cause sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere, nitrogen dioxide, three contamination indexs of pellet obviously to raise.(2) initiation fire very easily: rice straw burning, the combustibles around very easily igniting are especially near village, mountain forest, electric pole.(3) cause traffic accident: burn the smog that straw forms, cause air visibility to descend, directly influence the normal operation of civil aviaton, railway, highway, cause traffic accident easily.(4) destroy soil structure: burn straw surface temperature sharply raise, transpiring moisture, can directly burn to death, scald dead plantation winter green manure and soil in beneficial microbe, directly influence the output and the quality of field-crop.
Contain the essential nutritive elements of crop growth such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sulphur in the straw.Straw incorporation then can increase by 90 kilograms of organic matters, 11.8 kilograms in urea, 6.5 kilograms in fused calcium magnesium phosphate, 18.9 kilograms in potassium chloride by every mu of 600 kilograms of calculating, can also replenish other various nutrient elements.Straw incorporation also can improve the granular structure and the physicochemical character of soil.Straw plough bury after, in decomposable process, carry out mineralization, discharge nutrient, carry out humification simultaneously, forms more complicated humus, thereby has improved the structure of soil, improved the ability of soil adjusting water itself, fertilizer, temperature, gas.Can increase soil organic matter content after carrying out straw incorporation, reduce the bulk density of soil, increase soil porosity, have the good effect of improving the soil.
Preventing and kill off of farmland weed prevented and kill off measure except traditional intertill and clean tillage and agricultural synthesis, from the forties in last century, researches and develops and used chemical herbicide.In more than the 60 year history that chemical herbicide is used, playing immeasurable effect aspect the raising crop yield.But since 20th century the mid-1970s, pesticide resistance weeds kind is in rising trend always.In addition, because a large amount of uses of weed killer herbicide have brought serious harm to environment.Studies show that straw covers the generation that can significantly suppress rape weeds in field (particularly broadleaf weed).Rape transplant field piece, 500 kilograms of every mu of mulching straws, the monocotyledon weed incidence reduces 73.6%, and the broadleaf weed incidence reduces 98.8%.In addition, farmland cover crop stalk has changed the character and the energy balance of underlying surface near the ground, to improving field microclimate and plant growth has great importance, as reducing soil evaporation, soil moisture conservation retaining, regulating ground temperature etc.Studies show that the straw covering can reduce the face of land, farmland heat dissipation 20-30% and water evaporates 25-40%.Under the 1～February cryogenic conditions, (0～20cm) soil temperature is not high 1～1.5 ℃, and the arid season soil absolute water content increases 3%～6% than covering field piece plow layer for mulching straw field piece.Simultaneously, straw covers the gravity that also can alleviate rainwater and washes away, and reduces soil compaction and liquid manure and runs off.
Summary of the invention:
Technical problem purpose of the present invention solves on the present rape cultivation high yield and contradiction efficiently exactly; Can solve simultaneously owing to rice straw burning, the discarded problems of bringing such as environmental pollution.Cover by straw incorporation in addition, can increase soil organic matter content, suppress weed growth.Therefore this invents the agricultural sustainable development into China, and abridged edition, effective, exercisable rape high-yield high-efficiency cultivation new technology are provided.
Technical scheme
A kind of rape no-tillage place-transplanting total straw application high production high efficiency technical comprises:
1, rice field: require the rice field smooth, do not plough after the rice harves;
2, decide furrow: in time decide furrow, furrow face width 90cm, furrow furrow width 30cm after the rice harves with creeper hoe ditch;
3, transplant: adopt the narrow strain culture technique of wide row, every ridge cultivation two rows, spacing in the rows 15-18cm is close to the discharging of furrow soil with Brassica campestris L seedling, and immediately with soil block at all, mu is planted basic seedling 6000-6500 strain;
4, straw incorporation: whenever planted furrow, straw shop is filled out at (in the middle of the two row Brassica campestris L seedlings) on the furrow face, got in the ditch soil pressure again and take turns to carry out on straw, total straw is also gone into rape Tanaka the most at last.
Adopt this technology base manure and seed manure disposablely to apply.Mu is executed 48% composite fertilizer 15-20kg, urea 10-15kg, borax 1kg before covering grass.Tongue fertilizer is early executed in heavy dressing.When the field plant major part is buddingged, in time executed tongue fertilizer, mu is executed urea 10kg, 48% composite fertilizer 15kg, promotes the rape flower bud differentiation, promotes a branch to form.See that in mid-March seedling executes the pouring fertilizers for potted flowers ingeniously, mu is executed urea 4kg, protects the grain weightening finish.
Beneficial effect
Technical thought of the present invention is:
1, the Brassica campestris L seedling planting is got wet soil lid root in the ditch on the furrow face, and mulching straw, can reduce soil water evaporation speed, keeps soil moisture, and root system development is good, and seedling-slowing stage is short;
When 2, the rainy day transplants, can not produce traditional cave when planting because ponding in the cave influences rape root grows, and the furrow ditch is darker when transplanting, draining is rapid, it is harmful to be difficult for producing stain;
3, adopt the narrow strain cultivation of wide row, the rape flowering ventilation and penetrating light is good, and diseases such as downy mildew, stalk break take place lighter relatively, and operate in fields such as convenient fertilising, laxative;
4, rice straw burning causes aviation, traffic and people's lives environment and has a strong impact on.Straw incorporation both can solve owing to burn the problems of bringing such as environmental pollution, can increase soil organic matter content again, alleviated the generation of rape field weed;
5, rape no-tillage place-transplanting total straw application field technology is also finished transplanting, fertilising in early stage, zanjon ridging simultaneously when transplanting, reduced to transplant later fertilising, zanjon and recruitment such as earth up, eliminate, so every mu can to save recruitment 3-4 individual.
Major technique effect of the present invention:
1, yield increase effect: adopt present technique field piece can increase production more than 30 kilograms/mu than the field piece that adopts normal transplantation technique, volume increase is more than 18%;
2, economic benefit: adopt present technique saving of labor abridged edition, general every mu of field can be reduced labor 3-4, saves cost 150-200 unit;
3, ecological benefits: adopt present technique, can solve straw, increase the straw comprehensive Utilization Ways, can cover by straw again, alleviate the generation of rape weeds, reduce the weeds in field chemical control owing to burn, discard the problems of bringing such as environmental pollution;
4, improve the soil: adopt present technique can improve soil organic matter content for a long time, improve the soil physics structure, increase soil fertilizer and moisture holding capacity.
Embodiment
The enforcement time: 2007-2009 year
Implement the place: Jiang Dian village, cities and towns, Li, Lishui County, Nanjing, Lai Yang village, bamboo bed mat made of woven strips of bamboo town
Embodiment: implement to divide two processing, (1) contrast, promptly conventional transplanting method, (2) place-transplanting total straw application is the field also.2007-2008 year is implemented 167 mu of areas in Jiang Dian village, cities and towns, Li; 2008-2009 year is implemented 1065 mu of areas in Lai Yang village, bamboo bed mat made of woven strips of bamboo town.Concrete operations are: select loosing soil, fertile, draining and water to make things convenient for the nonirrigated farmland to do the rape rice seedling bed.The rape rice seedling bed is done in 1: 6 ratio in rice seedling bed and land for growing field crops.September 25 began sowing in good time, and the rice seedling bed seeding quantity is every mu of 0.5-0.6kg, and seedling final singling (72-90 strain/m is spared in the two leaf stage thinning tri-leaf period
2), stop 50,000 seedlings for every mu, and spray the 200ppm paclobutrazol, cultivate short strong sprout.
Contrast, promptly conventional transplanting method is manually beaten cave transplanting rape seedling after rice harves, spacing in the rows 20-25cm, line-spacing 35-40cm, mu is planted basic seedling 6000-6500 strain.Other manages same conventional method.
Place-transplanting total straw application also field method is decided furrow, furrow face width 90cm, furrow furrow width 30cm with creeper hoe ditch after rice harves, adopt the narrow strain culture technique of wide row, every ridge cultivation two rows, spacing in the rows 15-18cm, Brassica campestris L seedling is close to the discharging of furrow soil, and immediately with soil block at all, mu is planted basic seedling 6000-6500 strain.Whenever planted furrow, straw shop is filled out at (in the middle of the two row Brassica campestris L seedlings) on the furrow face, got in the ditch soil pressure again and take turns to carry out on straw, total straw is also gone into rape Tanaka the most at last.Mu is executed 48% composite fertilizer 15-20kg, urea 10-15kg, borax 1kg before covering grass.Tongue fertilizer is early executed in heavy dressing.When the field plant major part is buddingged, in time executed tongue fertilizer, mu is executed urea 10kg, 48% composite fertilizer 15kg, promotes the rape flower bud differentiation, promotes a branch to form.See that in mid-March seedling executes the pouring fertilizers for potted flowers ingeniously, mu is executed urea 4kg, protects the grain weightening finish.
Adopt also 185.3 kilograms/mu of field technology field piece average yields of rape no-tillage place-transplanting total straw application in implementation result: 2007-2008 year, comparison is according to 26.9 kilograms/mu of volume increase, volume increase 16.98%; Mu increases income 225 yuan; Adopt also 193.9 kilograms/mu of field technology field piece average yields of rape no-tillage place-transplanting total straw application in 2008-2009 year, comparison is according to 30.1 kilograms/mu of volume increase, volume increase 18.38%; Mu increases income 255 yuan.: adopt present technique saving of labor abridged edition, general every mu of field can be reduced labor 3-4, saves cost 150-200 unit.
Claims (2)
1. rape no-tillage place-transplanting total straw application high production high efficiency method is characterized in that:
A) rice field: require the rice field smooth, no-tillage after the rice harves;
B) decide furrow: decide furrow, furrow face width 90cm, furrow furrow width 30cm with creeper hoe ditch after the rice harves;
C) transplant: every ridge cultivation two rows, spacing in the rows 15-18cm is close to the discharging of furrow soil with Brassica campestris L seedling, and immediately with soil block at all, mu is planted basic seedling 6000-6500 strain;
D) straw incorporation: whenever planted furrow, straw shop is filled out on the furrow face, in the middle of the two row Brassica campestris L seedlings, got in the ditch soil pressure again and take turns to carry out on straw, total straw is also gone into rape Tanaka the most at last.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: disposable base manure and the seed manure of applying before covering grass, and mu is executed 48% composite fertilizer 15-20kg, urea 10-15kg, borax 1kg; Tongue fertilizer when the field plant major part is buddingged is executed a mu urea 10kg, 48% composite fertilizer 15kg; See that in mid-March seedling executes the pouring fertilizers for potted flowers, mu is executed urea 4kg.
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| CN 201010116758 CN101766093A (en) | 2010-03-03 | 2010-03-03 | Rape no-tillage place-transplanting total straw application high production and high efficiency method |
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| CN 201010116758 CN101766093A (en) | 2010-03-03 | 2010-03-03 | Rape no-tillage place-transplanting total straw application high production and high efficiency method |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102415251A (en) * | 2011-08-16 | 2012-04-18 | 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Method for planting rape in dry land for field management by adopting small machine |
| CN103583222A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-02-19 | 狄正兴 | Method for cultivating winter rape with interplanted autumn potatoes in dry lands |
| CN103583223A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-02-19 | 狄正兴 | Method for intercropping winter rapes and potatoes on middle-season rice crop |
| CN104885746A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-09-09 | 华中农业大学 | Cultivation method capable of reducing mechanized harvesting loss rate of rape and application thereof |
| CN105123066A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-12-09 | 扬州大学 | Flower stalk fertilizer application method for improving ridging swing-planted rape yield |
| CN106258380A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2017-01-04 | 仁怀市群益蔬菜种植场 | A kind of Rape in Paddy Soil no-tillage transplanting technology |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101273690A (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-01 | 长江大学 | Method for transplanting rape in ill-drained paddy field |
| CN101292599A (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2008-10-29 | 湖南农业大学 | Cultivation method of 'mechanical sowing, mechanical harvest, moderate management' for south winter rape |
| CN101461308A (en) * | 2009-01-03 | 2009-06-24 | 孙和平 | Method for breeding dual-purpose rape used for oil and vegetable |
| CN101543165A (en) * | 2009-04-18 | 2009-09-30 | 狄正兴 | Method needing no tilling and punching for tilling rice stubble rape field |
-
2010
- 2010-03-03 CN CN 201010116758 patent/CN101766093A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101273690A (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-01 | 长江大学 | Method for transplanting rape in ill-drained paddy field |
| CN101292599A (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2008-10-29 | 湖南农业大学 | Cultivation method of 'mechanical sowing, mechanical harvest, moderate management' for south winter rape |
| CN101461308A (en) * | 2009-01-03 | 2009-06-24 | 孙和平 | Method for breeding dual-purpose rape used for oil and vegetable |
| CN101543165A (en) * | 2009-04-18 | 2009-09-30 | 狄正兴 | Method needing no tilling and punching for tilling rice stubble rape field |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102415251A (en) * | 2011-08-16 | 2012-04-18 | 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Method for planting rape in dry land for field management by adopting small machine |
| CN103583222A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-02-19 | 狄正兴 | Method for cultivating winter rape with interplanted autumn potatoes in dry lands |
| CN103583223A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-02-19 | 狄正兴 | Method for intercropping winter rapes and potatoes on middle-season rice crop |
| CN104885746A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-09-09 | 华中农业大学 | Cultivation method capable of reducing mechanized harvesting loss rate of rape and application thereof |
| CN105123066A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-12-09 | 扬州大学 | Flower stalk fertilizer application method for improving ridging swing-planted rape yield |
| CN106258380A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2017-01-04 | 仁怀市群益蔬菜种植场 | A kind of Rape in Paddy Soil no-tillage transplanting technology |
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Open date: 20100707 |