CN101292599A - Cultivation Method of "Machine Sowing and Harvesting, Moderate Management" for Winter Rapeseed in the South - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for cultivating rapeseed, which uses machinery to cultivate rapeseed in a paddy field, uses a rapeseed combined seeder, and completes four processes of sowing, fertilizing, ditching, and re-soiling in one sowing, and selects high-quality and high-yield rapeseed varieties or hybrids. In the end, 25,000 to 30,000 seedlings can be grown per mu. Chemical ripening agents are sprayed before rapeseed harvest to promote the ripening of siliques. Harvesting and threshing are completed at one time with a combine harvester, thereby reducing labor, maintaining water and soil, and improving work efficiency. Rapeseed cultivation level and labor productivity have been improved, and the purpose of increasing production and income has been realized.

Description

Cultivation Method of "Machine Sowing and Harvesting, Moderate Management" for Winter Rapeseed in the South

technical field

The invention relates to a method for cultivating rapeseed, that is, using a paddy paddy field to direct direct seeding of the rapeseed and harvesting the rapeseed mechanically, so as to complete cutting and threshing at one time.

Background technique

Rapeseed is the main oil crop in my country and the main source of edible vegetable oil. For a long time, the mechanization level of winter rapeseed cultivation in the south is not high, and the cultivation is all done by hand, the process is complicated, the labor is much, and the labor productivity is not high. In the case of a large number of rural labor force transfers, it is necessary to replace manpower with mechanical force, reduce the cultivation process, and use the necessary technology wisely. Southern winter rapeseed is cultivated by "machine sowing, machine harvesting, and moderate management", which can reduce the plowing of the soil, prevent soil erosion, reduce costs, improve the cultivation level, promote rapeseed production, increase labor productivity, and increase farmers' income. , and then promote the great development of rapeseed production.

Contents of the invention

The core of the present invention is to use machinery to cultivate rapeseed in the paddy field, and the cultivation technology of rapeseed is completed in two links of sowing and harvesting as far as possible, and it is only managed when necessary at ordinary times. Use the necessary cultivation measures wisely. Thereby reducing labor, maintaining water and soil, improving work efficiency, improving rapeseed cultivation level and labor productivity, and realizing the purpose of increasing production and income.

The present invention comprises following implementation steps:

(1) After the rice is harvested, rapeseed is directly planted on the paddy field without plowing;

(2) Using the rapeseed combined seeder, complete the four processes of sowing, fertilizing, ditching and re-soiling in one sowing;

(3) Select high-quality and high-yielding rapeseed varieties or hybrids that are early-maturing, short-stalked, compact, disease-resistant, lodging-resistant, relatively resistant to cracking angles, and mature and consistent;

(4) The planting density of rapeseed is 25,000 to 30,000 plants per mu;

(5) After the rapeseed is fully mature, the seeds in the siliques become inherent colors such as yellow or black when mechanically harvested, and the harvest and threshing are completed at one time;

(6) It is generally not managed during the growth period of rapeseed, and it is only managed when necessary. In case of severe drought, it is irrigated, and the control is carried out when diseases and insect pests occur.

After the rice is harvested and the rape variety is selected, the combined seeder is used to sow at a rate of about 200 grams per acre, and finally 25,000 to 30,000 seedlings can be grown per acre.

Apply 40-60 kg of rapeseed controlled-release fertilizer or compound fertilizer at one time before sowing or during sowing.

When rapeseed is fully mature, it is harvested after the siliques on the rapeseed branches turn yellow and the seeds turn into a fixed color such as yellow or black, and the harvest and threshing are completed at one time by a combine harvester.

The theory that the present invention is based on is: (1) use machinery instead of manpower to cultivate rapeseed, and the amount of labor per acre is greatly reduced; etc. are carried out in the two links of sowing and harvesting, which are in line with the growth requirements of rapeseed; (3) According to the growth characteristics of rapeseed and the disasters that occur, the necessary management measures are used wisely.

Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned cultivation methods and technical solutions, winter rapeseed is planted in paddy fields without tillage, which reduces the amount of labor and maintains water and soil. The implementation of "machine sowing, machine harvesting, and moderate management" reduces the cultivation of rapeseed, ensures the growth and development of rapeseed, reduces production costs, and is conducive to high and stable yields of rapeseed.

Detailed ways

From 2003 to 2007, experiments and demonstrations of the planting method of "machine sowing, machine harvesting, and moderate management" were carried out in Hanshou County, Anxiang County, Li County, Liuyang, and Dingcheng District of Changde City, Hunan Province, mainly in October each year. In the first and middle ten days of mechanical sowing, the seeding rate per mu is about 200 grams, and 50 kg of compound fertilizer is applied. When it is mature, mechanical harvesting can obtain a seed yield of about 150 kg per mu, and the production cost is reduced by 1/3 to 1/2 compared with the original cultivation method. . The specific operation method is:

1. Field preparation before sowing: If the stubble remains too high after rice harvest, it should be cut off and moved outside the field to prevent the grass from entanglement with the openers. If there are many weeds in the field, use herbicides such as glyphosate and Roundup. If glyphosate is used, the application concentration should be about 2% (10% of the original drug).

2. Sowing period: The sowing period is from late September to mid-October. During this period, the earlier the better, no later than the end of October. The soil water content should be about 25-35%, and the ditching effect is poor if the soil is too wet.

3. Seeding amount and planting density: Use a combined seeder to sow, put the seeds in the seeding box, adjust the seeding amount device, control the seeding amount per mu at about 200-300 grams, sow early and reduce the amount of seed used. After the seedlings have grown, the density of seedlings per mu is about 25,000.

4. Fertilization: Use the coated controlled-release fertilizer at about 30 kilograms per mu (15% of NPK each), and add 1 kilogram of boron fertilizer to mix. Put the fertilizer in the fertilizer box, and adjust the fertilizer application rate device to the scale of 30 kg per mu. If there is no controlled-release fertilizer, the same amount of compound fertilizer can also be used, and fertilization can be completed at the same time as planting.

5. Ditching: Complete the ditching at the same time as planting, with a width of 2.0 meters, and mark the two ends of the field with lime points. After the planter is started to go to the field, the machine operator aims at the lime spot in front and moves forward. The actual width of the ditching rear compartment is 1.8 meters.

6. Irrigation: If the weather is dry, furrow irrigation should be done in time after sowing.

7. Check seedlings to make up for vacancies: After emergence, if there are many missing seedlings, they should be removed in time, or when the rapeseed grows to 3 to 4 leaves, they should be replenished in rainy days, and the piles of seedlings should be removed appropriately.

8. Field management: Rapeseed is not managed in principle during its growth period, and it is only irrigated when it is droughty. After freezing, the frozen leaves and moss are removed and topdressed, and disease and insect pests are symptomatic and controlled when they occur.

9. When the rapeseed is fully mature (or over-mature), that is, the siliques on the rapeseed branches turn yellow and the seeds turn into inherent colors such as yellow or black, and then use the combine harvester to complete harvesting and threshing at one time.

Claims (4)

1. The cultivation method of "machine sowing and machine harvesting, moderate management" of winter rapeseed in the south is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: (1) After the rice is harvested, rapeseed is directly planted on the paddy field without plowing; (2) Using the rapeseed combined seeder, complete the four processes of sowing, fertilizing, ditching and re-soiling in one sowing; (3) Select high-quality and high-yielding rapeseed varieties or hybrids that are early-maturing, short-stalked, compact, disease-resistant, lodging-resistant, relatively resistant to cracking angles, and mature and consistent; (4) The planting density of rapeseed is 25,000 to 30,000 plants per mu; (5) After the rapeseed is fully mature, when the seeds become an inherent color such as yellow or black, they are harvested mechanically, and the harvesting and threshing are completed at one time; (6) It is generally not managed during the growth period of rapeseed, and it is only managed when necessary. In case of severe drought, it is irrigated, and symptomatic control is carried out when major pests and diseases occur. 2. According to claim 1, the southern winter rapeseed "machine sowing and machine harvesting, moderate management" cultivation method is characterized in that: after the rice is harvested and the rape variety is selected, the combined seeder is used for sowing, and the seeding rate per mu is 200-200. About 300 grams, and finally 25,000 to 30,000 seedlings can be grown per mu. 3. The southern winter rapeseed cultivation method of "machine sowing, machine harvesting, moderate management" according to claim 1, characterized in that 40-60 kg of special controlled-release fertilizer or compound fertilizer for rape can be applied at one time when sowing. 4. According to claim 1, the cultivation method of "machine sowing, machine harvesting, and moderate management" of winter rapeseed in the south is characterized in that: when the rapeseed is fully mature, the siliques on the rapeseed branches turn yellow, and the seeds turn into inherent colors such as yellow or Harvest after black, and use a combine harvester to complete harvesting and threshing at one time.