CN107223515B - Apocynum venetum cultivation method suitable for heavy saline alkali area - Google Patents
Apocynum venetum cultivation method suitable for heavy saline alkali area Download PDFInfo
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- CN107223515B CN107223515B CN201710505151.6A CN201710505151A CN107223515B CN 107223515 B CN107223515 B CN 107223515B CN 201710505151 A CN201710505151 A CN 201710505151A CN 107223515 B CN107223515 B CN 107223515B
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- 241000185686 Apocynum venetum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 164
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 59
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 241000722949 Apocynum Species 0.000 description 8
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 240000000797 Hibiscus cannabinus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000124033 Salix Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005008 domestic process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a apocynum venetum cultivation method suitable for a heavy saline alkali area, which overcomes the defects of the prior art by adopting a series of technical means such as nutrient soil preparation, seed selection by a water selection method, sowing, water spraying, fertilization, field planting with soil, laying and drip irrigation, the emergence rate of seeds is as high as 92.5%, the highest survival rate of seedlings is 95.6% after the seedlings are transplanted to a field, the apocynum venetum sowing and field planting in the heavy saline alkali area can be realized in the same year, the seedling field planting age is effectively shortened, the apocynum venetum coverage rate in the next year can reach 80%, the plant height is more than 80cm on average, and the apocynum venetum cultivation method has wide practicability in the technical field of agricultural planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to the technical field of a cultivation method of apocynum venetum.
Technical Field
The saline-alkali desert is a kind of soil with alkaline property and accumulated salts. The saline alkali contained in the soil affects the normal growth of crops. The formation of alkaline earth and alkalized soil in China is mostly related to the accumulation of carbonate in soil, so that the alkalization degree is generally high, and plants in serious saline-alkaline earth regions can hardly survive. In the process of utilizing the saline-alkali soil, the saline-alkali soil can be divided into light saline-alkali soil, moderate saline-alkali soil and heavy saline-alkali soil. The light saline-alkali soil is characterized in that the seedling emergence is seventy-eight percent, the salt content is less than three thousandth; the heavy saline-alkali soil has salt content more than six thousandths, and the emergence rate is lower than 50%; the middle is the moderate saline-alkali land. With the development of science and technology, many organisms including plants including microorganisms can be adapted to the environment, and the apocynum venetum plant is one of the species. Its wild plant can grow in moderate and light degree, even in heavy saline-alkali soil, but its seed germination and seedling adaptability to saline-alkali are poor, can not directly sow in saline-alkali soil, can sow under the condition of light saline-alkali soil, germinate, raise seedlings.
Kendir, also known as kenaf, tea flower, salix, etc., stands up to half shrub 1.5-3 m high, generally 2m high, up to 4m high, and grows in sandy land of river bank, mountain ditch, hillside. Distributed in Liaoning, Jilin, inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Jiangsu and the North of Anhui, etc. Is widely distributed in European and Asia temperate regions. Mainly wild in saline-alkali wastelands, desert edges, river banks, alluvial plains, around the poises and gobi wastelands.
In recent years, wild resources have been exhausted along with the enhancement of the development of apocynum venetum. In order to realize the industrial production and actively develop and utilize the saline land resources, the large-scale artificial planting of the apocynum venetum is urgent. The artificial planting of apocynum venetum mainly comprises two modes of direct seeding and transplanting. Chinese patent application No. 200610017217.9 describes a method for recovering saline-alkali land vegetation by planting apocynum venetum by using a paper bucket seedling-raising rapid propagation technology, which comprises the steps of paper-tube seedbed preparation, paper-tube sowing, field ridging, transplanting and the like; patent application No. 200610017218.3 describes a method for recovering saline-alkali land vegetation by planting apocynum venetum with root segment propagation technology, which comprises the steps of apocynum venetum root segment treatment, paper tube seedbed preparation, transplantation and the like; patent application No. 200810072806.6 describes a method for cultivating apocynum venetum seedlings by building a seedbed; patent application No. 201010250900.3 describes a method for large-scale planting of apocynum venetum in saline-alkali desert lands, comprising the steps of seed screening, nutrition cup preparation, greenhouse facilities, nursery transplantation and the like.
The prior art can be basically summarized into seed seedling raising and transplanting and root breeding seedling transplanting, can be used for planting apocynum venetum, but has more intermediate links and is not suitable for planting apocynum venetum in heavy saline-alkali soil, in order to maintain the high yield of the apocynum venetum in the heavy saline-alkali soil and reduce the planting age of seedlings, at present, a grower usually adopts a method of continuously re-planting to update aged plants, the labor is high, the survival rate of the seedlings is low, the seedlings can grow for many years to obtain the high yield again, stable raw materials are difficult to be supplied to food and medicine manufacturers, and the income of the grower is greatly limited. Therefore, upgrading and transformation are needed on the basis of the existing seedling culture, and a method which can meet the existing market demand and is suitable for planting apocynum venetum in heavy saline-alkali soil is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical current situations that the existing domestic method for planting apocynum in saline-alkali soil has low seed emergence rate, low seedling survival rate and long seedling planting life, the invention aims to provide the apocynum cultivation method suitable for the area with heavy saline-alkali soil, a series of technical means such as nutrient soil preparation, water selection method seed selection, sowing, water spraying, seedling hardening, fertilization, field planting with soil, laying and drip irrigation are adopted, the seed emergence rate is as high as 92.5%, the survival rate of seedlings after being transplanted to a field is up to 95.6%, the apocynum seeding and field planting can be realized in the same year, the seedling planting life is effectively shortened, the apocynum coverage rate in the next year can reach 80%, the plant height is more than 80cm on average, and the method has wide practicability in the technical field of agricultural planting.
The invention aims to realize the technical purpose, provides a apocynum venetum cultivation method suitable for heavy saline alkali areas, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) a greenhouse is selected to be provided with ventilation openings, a temperature adjusting and fluorescent lamp device is arranged in the greenhouse, and the top of the greenhouse is made of light-transmitting materials.
(2) Collecting black soil fermented from rotten leaves in ten centimeters of the surface layer of a forest land, stacking and decomposing the excrement of the livestock and poultry, and mixing the black soil and the decomposed excrement with the ratio of 3: 1, and putting into a nutrition pot.
(3) Selecting seeds by a water selection method, primarily selecting full seeds, putting the primarily selected seeds into water with the salt content of 0.2%, standing for 3-5min, removing the seeds floating on the water surface by a 270-mesh screen, and reserving the seeds sinking into the water, wherein the weight of each thousand seeds is required to be 350 mg.
(4) Spraying the soil in the nutrition pots thoroughly before sowing, requiring the soil humidity to reach 90-95%, sowing 5-6 seeds in each nutrition pot, covering soil with thickness of 1cm, spraying water immediately after sowing, spraying the surface soil thoroughly, adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse to 25-30 ℃, and closing the ventilation opening.
(5) Spraying water 4-5 times per day after sowing, wherein the soil humidity is required to be 90-95%, reducing the water spraying frequency when 3-4 pairs of true leaves grow out of apocynum venetum seedlings, spraying water 2-3 times per day, gradually reducing the soil humidity to 60-80%, adjusting the indoor temperature to 20-23 ℃, adjusting the daily illumination time to 3-4h, and performing illumination treatment by using a fluorescent lamp when the sun is insufficient.
(6) After 30 days, when the 5 th to 6 th pairs of true leaves grow out of the apocynum venetum seedlings, carrying out seedling identification treatment, spraying water to the nutrition pots, wetting to be standard, pulling out short seedlings, and keeping 2-3 seedlings in each nutrition pot.
(7) And (3) hardening the seedlings for 5 days, opening a window of the greenhouse, gradually reducing the temperature to room temperature, gradually increasing the time for receiving natural light, and spraying water once in 1-2 days until no water is sprayed in the last day.
(8) After the hardening-seedling is finished, selecting and reserving apocynum venetum seedlings with 5-6 pairs of needles and 8-10cm of plant height.
(9) The land is prepared in a place with wide terrain, sufficient sunlight, loose soil, convenient irrigation and good drainage, and viscous soil is not selected.
(10) Laying a drip pipe belt after land preparation, beginning to drip irrigation, wherein the interval between drip irrigation openings is 1.5m, opening a hole at the drip irrigation position, the diameter of the hole opening is 50cm, the depth of the hole is 50cm, pouring 2kg of fertilizer into the hole, and uniformly mixing the fertilizer with soil, wherein the fertilizer is prepared by mixing black soil and decomposed excrement by 3: 1 by weight ratio.
(11) Removing the nutrition pot, planting with soil, wherein the plant spacing is required to be 1.5-2m, the row spacing is required to be 3-3.5m, and drip irrigation is carried out for 1.5h after planting, wherein the soil humidity is required to reach 40%.
(12) After field planting, carrying out drip irrigation once every 15 days, wherein the drip irrigation time is 2h each time, when the plant height is 20-25cm, preventing spot blight, adding 600 and 800 times of liquid of 50% of bacteria removing agent during drip irrigation, and carrying out drip irrigation for 3 times.
(13) The whole plant is cut off at the position just before the first year of winter, and the root in the soil is reserved for overwintering treatment.
In the invention, the nutrition pot is 10cm high and 10cm in diameter, and a small hole is arranged at the bottom.
In the invention, the temperature range of water is 18-20 ℃ when the water selection method is adopted for seed selection.
In the present invention, preferably, 6 seeds are sown in each nutrition pot. The temperature in the greenhouse was adjusted to 28 ℃.
In the invention, preferably, water is sprayed for 4 times a day after sowing, the soil humidity is required to be 95%, when 3-4 pairs of true leaves grow out of apocynum venetum seedlings, the water spraying frequency is reduced, the water is sprayed for 2 times a day, the soil humidity is gradually reduced to 70%, the indoor temperature is adjusted to be 23 ℃, and the daily illumination time is adjusted to be 4 hours.
In the invention, the field planting with soil requires the plant spacing to be 2m and the row spacing to be 3.5 m.
By implementing the specific invention content of the invention, the following effects can be achieved:
the invention aims to provide a apocynum cultivation method suitable for heavy saline alkali areas, a series of technical means such as nutrient soil preparation, seed selection by a water selection method, sowing, water spraying, seedling hardening, fertilization, field planting with soil, laying and drip irrigation are adopted, the emergence rate of seeds is as high as 92.5%, the survival rate of seedlings after being transplanted to a field is as high as 95.6%, the sowing and field planting of apocynum can be realized in the same year, the seedling field planting age is effectively shortened, the coverage rate of apocynum in the next year can reach 80%, the average height of plants is more than 80cm, and the apocynum cultivation method has wide practicability in the technical field of agricultural planting.
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Detailed Description
The present invention will be described below by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
The raw materials and reagents used in the invention are 50% of sterile and can be purchased from the market.
The apparatus used in the present invention:
in the following description, unless otherwise specified,% refers to m/m mass%, and all reagents, materials and apparatuses used in the present invention are well known and available from the market, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and other reagents and apparatuses well known in the art may be applied to the practice of the following embodiments of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the invention provides a apocynum venetum cultivation method suitable for heavy saline alkali areas, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) a greenhouse is selected to be provided with ventilation openings, a temperature adjusting and fluorescent lamp device is arranged in the greenhouse, and the top of the greenhouse is made of light-transmitting materials.
(2) Collecting black soil fermented from rotten leaves in ten centimeters of the surface layer of a forest land, stacking and decomposing the excrement of the livestock and poultry, and mixing the black soil and the decomposed excrement with the ratio of 3: 1, and putting into a nutrition pot.
(3) Selecting seeds by a water selection method, primarily selecting full seeds, putting the primarily selected seeds into water with the salt content of 0.2%, standing for 3-5min, removing the seeds floating on the water surface by a 270-mesh screen, and reserving the seeds sinking into the water, wherein the weight of each thousand seeds is required to be 350 mg.
(4) Spraying the soil in the nutrition pots thoroughly before sowing, requiring the soil humidity to reach 90-95%, sowing 5-6 seeds in each nutrition pot, covering soil with thickness of 1cm, spraying water immediately after sowing, spraying the surface soil thoroughly, adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse to 25-30 ℃, and closing the ventilation opening.
(5) Spraying water 4-5 times per day after sowing, wherein the soil humidity is required to be 90-95%, reducing the water spraying frequency when 3-4 pairs of true leaves grow out of apocynum venetum seedlings, spraying water 2-3 times per day, gradually reducing the soil humidity to 60-80%, adjusting the indoor temperature to 20-23 ℃, adjusting the daily illumination time to 3-4h, and performing illumination treatment by using a fluorescent lamp when the sun is insufficient.
(6) After 30 days, when the 5 th to 6 th pairs of true leaves grow out of the apocynum venetum seedlings, carrying out seedling identification treatment, spraying water to the nutrition pots, wetting to be standard, pulling out short seedlings, and keeping 2-3 seedlings in each nutrition pot.
(7) And (3) hardening the seedlings for 5 days, opening a window of the greenhouse, gradually reducing the temperature to room temperature, gradually increasing the time for receiving natural light, and spraying water once in 1-2 days until no water is sprayed in the last day.
(8) After the hardening-seedling is finished, selecting and reserving apocynum venetum seedlings with 5-6 pairs of needles and 8-10cm of plant height.
(9) The land is prepared in a place with wide terrain, sufficient sunlight, loose soil, convenient irrigation and good drainage, and viscous soil is not selected.
(10) Laying a drip pipe belt after land preparation, beginning to drip irrigation, wherein the interval between drip irrigation openings is 1.5m, opening a hole at the drip irrigation position, the diameter of the hole opening is 50cm, the depth of the hole is 50cm, pouring 2kg of fertilizer into the hole, and uniformly mixing the fertilizer with soil, wherein the fertilizer is prepared by mixing black soil and decomposed excrement by 3: 1 by weight ratio.
(11) Removing the nutrition pot, planting with soil, wherein the plant spacing is required to be 1.5-2m, the row spacing is required to be 3-3.5m, and drip irrigation is carried out for 1.5h after planting, wherein the soil humidity is required to reach 40%.
(12) After field planting, carrying out drip irrigation once every 15 days, wherein the drip irrigation time is 2h each time, when the plant height is 20-25cm, preventing spot blight, adding 600 and 800 times of liquid of 50% of bacteria removing agent during drip irrigation, and carrying out drip irrigation for 3 times.
(13) The whole plant is cut off at the position just before the first year of winter, and the root in the soil is reserved for overwintering treatment.
In the embodiment, the nutrition pot is 10cm high and 10cm in diameter, and a small hole is arranged at the bottom.
In the embodiment, the temperature range of water is 18-20 ℃ when the water selection method is adopted for seed selection.
In this embodiment, preferably, 6 seeds are sown in each nutrition pot. The temperature in the greenhouse was adjusted to 28 ℃.
In the embodiment, preferably, water is sprayed for 4 times a day after sowing, the soil humidity is required to be 95%, when 3-4 th paired true leaves grow out of apocynum venetum seedlings, the water spraying frequency is reduced, water is sprayed for 2 times a day, the soil humidity is gradually reduced to 70%, the indoor temperature is adjusted to be 23 ℃, and the daily illumination time is adjusted to be 4 hours.
In this example, field planting with soil requires a plant spacing of 2m and a row spacing of 3.5 m.
By using the method provided by the embodiment, the apocynum venetum can be artificially planted in the heavy saline-alkali wasteland, and the method has important significance for improving saline-alkali soil and promoting ecological construction in arid regions.
Example two:
in 2015 for 3 months, apocynum venetum is planted in Kashshikul dry-weight saline-alkali soil test field No. 1, and a place with wide terrain, sufficient sunlight, loose soil, convenient irrigation and good drainage is selected, instead of viscous soil. The greenhouse is required to be provided with ventilation openings, a temperature adjusting and fluorescent lamp device is arranged in the greenhouse, and the top of the greenhouse is made of light-transmitting materials. Collecting black soil fermented from rotten leaves in ten centimeters of the surface layer of an oasis forest, stacking and decomposing the excrement of livestock and poultry, and mixing the black soil and the decomposed excrement with the ratio of 3: 1, and filling the mixture into a nutrition pot, wherein the nutrition pot is full of eight parts. Selecting seeds by a water selection method, primarily selecting full seeds, putting the primarily selected seeds into water with the salt content of 0.2%, standing for 3min, removing the seeds floating on the water surface by using a 270-mesh screen, and reserving the seeds sinking into the water, wherein the weight of each thousand seeds is required to be 340 mg. And (3) spraying the soil in the nutrition pots thoroughly before sowing, requiring that the soil humidity reaches 90%, sowing 5 seeds in each nutrition pot, covering soil with the thickness of 1cm, spraying water immediately after sowing, spraying surface layer soil thoroughly, adjusting the temperature in the shed to 25 ℃, and closing a ventilation opening. Spraying water 4 times a day after sowing, wherein the soil humidity is required to be 90%, reducing the water spraying frequency when 3-4 pairs of true leaves grow out of the apocynum venetum seedlings, spraying water 2 times a day, gradually reducing the soil humidity to 60%, adjusting the indoor temperature to 20 ℃, adjusting the daily illumination time to 3h, and performing illumination treatment by using a fluorescent lamp when the sun illumination is insufficient. After 30 days, when the 5 th to 6 th pairs of true leaves grow out of the apocynum venetum seedlings, carrying out seedling identification treatment, spraying water to the nutrition pots, wetting to be standard, pulling out short and small seedlings, and keeping 2-3 seedlings in each nutrition pot. And (3) hardening the seedlings for 5 days, opening a window of the greenhouse, gradually reducing the temperature to room temperature, gradually increasing the time for receiving natural light, and spraying water once in 1 day until no water is sprayed in the last day. After the hardening-seedling is finished, selecting and reserving apocynum venetum seedlings with 5-6 pairs of needles and 8-10cm of plant height. Laying a drip pipe belt after land preparation, beginning to drip irrigation, wherein the interval between drip irrigation openings is 1.5m, opening a hole at the drip irrigation position, the diameter of the hole opening is 50cm, the depth of the hole is 50cm, pouring 2kg of fertilizer into the hole, and uniformly mixing the fertilizer with soil, wherein the fertilizer is prepared by mixing black soil and decomposed excrement by 3: 1 by weight ratio. Removing the nutrition pot, planting with soil, wherein the plant spacing is required to be 1.5-2m, the row spacing is required to be 3-3.5m, and drip irrigation is carried out for 1.5h after planting, wherein the soil humidity is required to reach 40%. After field planting, carrying out drip irrigation once every 15 days, wherein the drip irrigation time is 2h each time, when the plant height is 20-25cm, preventing spot blight, adding 600 and 800 times of liquid of 50% of bacteria removing agent during drip irrigation, and carrying out drip irrigation for 3 times. The whole plant is cut off at the position just before the first year of winter, and the root in the soil is reserved for overwintering treatment.
Example three:
in 2015 for 3 months, apocynum venetum is planted in Kashshikul dry-weight saline-alkali soil test field No. 2, and a place with wide terrain, sufficient sunlight, loose soil, convenient irrigation and good drainage is selected, instead of viscous soil. The greenhouse is required to be provided with ventilation openings, a temperature adjusting and fluorescent lamp device is arranged in the greenhouse, and the top of the greenhouse is made of light-transmitting materials. Collecting black soil fermented from rotten leaves in ten centimeters of the surface layer of an oasis forest, stacking and decomposing the excrement of livestock and poultry, and mixing the black soil and the decomposed excrement with the ratio of 3: 1, and filling the mixture into a nutrition pot, wherein the nutrition pot is full of eight parts. Selecting seeds by a water selection method, primarily selecting full seeds, putting the primarily selected seeds into water with the salt content of 0.2%, standing for 4min, removing the seeds floating on the water surface by using a 270-mesh screen, and reserving the seeds sinking into the water, wherein the weight of each thousand seeds is required to be 340 mg. Spraying soil thoroughly in the nutrition pots before sowing, requiring that the soil humidity reaches 92%, sowing 5 seeds in each nutrition pot, covering soil with the thickness of 1cm, spraying water immediately after sowing, spraying surface soil thoroughly, adjusting the temperature in the shed to 28 ℃, and closing the ventilation opening. Spraying water 5 times a day after sowing, wherein the soil humidity is required to be 92%, reducing the water spraying frequency when 3-4 pairs of true leaves grow out of the apocynum venetum seedlings, spraying water 2 times a day, gradually reducing the soil humidity to 75%, adjusting the indoor temperature to 22 ℃, adjusting the daily illumination time to 3.5h, and performing illumination treatment by using a fluorescent lamp when the sun illumination is insufficient. After 30 days, when the 5 th to 6 th pairs of true leaves grow out of the apocynum venetum seedlings, carrying out seedling identification treatment, spraying water to the nutrition pots, wetting to be standard, pulling out short and small seedlings, and keeping 2-3 seedlings in each nutrition pot. And (3) hardening the seedlings for 5 days, opening a window of the greenhouse, gradually reducing the temperature to room temperature, gradually increasing the time for receiving natural light, and spraying water once in 1 day until no water is sprayed in the last day. After the hardening-seedling is finished, selecting and reserving apocynum venetum seedlings with 5-6 pairs of needles and 8-10cm of plant height. Laying a drip pipe belt after land preparation, beginning to drip irrigation, wherein the interval between drip irrigation openings is 1.5m, opening a hole at the drip irrigation position, the diameter of the hole opening is 50cm, the depth of the hole is 50cm, pouring 2kg of fertilizer into the hole, and uniformly mixing the fertilizer with soil, wherein the fertilizer is prepared by mixing black soil and decomposed excrement by 3: 1 by weight ratio. Removing the nutrition pot, planting with soil, wherein the plant spacing is required to be 1.5-2m, the row spacing is required to be 3-3.5m, and drip irrigation is carried out for 1.5h after planting, wherein the soil humidity is required to reach 40%. After field planting, carrying out drip irrigation once every 15 days, wherein the drip irrigation time is 2h each time, when the plant height is 20-25cm, preventing spot blight, adding 600 and 800 times of liquid of 50% of bacteria removing agent during drip irrigation, and carrying out drip irrigation for 3 times. The whole plant is cut at the near place before the first year of winter, and the root in the soil is reserved.
Example four:
in 2015 for 3 months, apocynum venetum is planted in Kashshikul dry-weight saline-alkali soil test field No. 3, and a place with wide terrain, sufficient sunlight, loose soil, convenient irrigation and good drainage is selected, instead of viscous soil. The greenhouse is required to be provided with ventilation openings, a temperature adjusting and fluorescent lamp device is arranged in the greenhouse, and the top of the greenhouse is made of light-transmitting materials. Collecting black soil fermented from rotten leaves in ten centimeters of the surface layer of an oasis forest, stacking and decomposing the excrement of livestock and poultry, and mixing the black soil and the decomposed excrement with the ratio of 3: 1, and filling the mixture into a nutrition pot, wherein the nutrition pot is full of eight parts. Selecting seeds by a water selection method, primarily selecting full seeds, putting the primarily selected seeds into water with the salt content of 0.2%, standing for 5min, removing the seeds floating on the water surface by using a 270-mesh screen, and reserving the seeds sinking into the water, wherein the weight of each thousand seeds is required to be 350 mg. Spraying soil thoroughly in the nutrition pots before sowing, requiring that the soil humidity reaches 91%, sowing 5 seeds in each nutrition pot, covering soil with the thickness of 1cm, spraying water immediately after sowing, spraying surface layer soil thoroughly, adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse to 29 ℃, and closing the ventilation opening. Spraying water 4 times a day after sowing, wherein the soil humidity is required to be 91%, reducing the water spraying frequency when 3-4 pairs of true leaves grow out of the apocynum venetum seedlings, spraying water 3 times a day, gradually reducing the soil humidity to 75%, adjusting the indoor temperature to 22 ℃, adjusting the daily illumination time to 4h, and performing illumination treatment by using a fluorescent lamp when the sun illumination is insufficient. After 30 days, when the 5 th to 6 th pairs of true leaves grow out of the apocynum venetum seedlings, carrying out seedling identification treatment, spraying water to the nutrition pots, wetting to be standard, pulling out short and small seedlings, and keeping 2-3 seedlings in each nutrition pot. And (3) hardening the seedlings for 5 days, opening a window of the greenhouse, gradually reducing the temperature to room temperature, gradually increasing the time for receiving natural light, and spraying water once in 2 days until no water is sprayed in the last day. After the hardening-seedling is finished, selecting and reserving apocynum venetum seedlings with 5-6 pairs of needles and 8-10cm of plant height. Laying a drip pipe belt after land preparation, beginning to drip irrigation, wherein the interval between drip irrigation openings is 1.5m, opening a hole at the drip irrigation position, the diameter of the hole opening is 50cm, the depth of the hole is 50cm, pouring 2kg of fertilizer into the hole, and uniformly mixing the fertilizer with soil, wherein the fertilizer is prepared by mixing black soil and decomposed excrement by 3: 1 by weight ratio. Removing the nutrition pot, planting with soil, wherein the plant spacing is required to be 1.5-2m, the row spacing is required to be 3-3.5m, and drip irrigation is carried out for 1.5h after planting, wherein the soil humidity is required to reach 40%. After field planting, carrying out drip irrigation once every 15 days, wherein the drip irrigation time is 2h each time, when the plant height is 20-25cm, preventing spot blight, adding 600 and 800 times of liquid of 50% of bacteria removing agent during drip irrigation, and carrying out drip irrigation for 3 times. The whole plant is cut at the near place before the first year of winter, and the root in the soil is reserved.
Example five:
in 2015 for 3 months, apocynum venetum is planted in Kashshikul dry-weight saline-alkali soil test field No. 4, and a place with wide terrain, sufficient sunlight, loose soil, convenient irrigation and good drainage is selected, instead of viscous soil. The greenhouse is required to be provided with ventilation openings, a temperature adjusting and fluorescent lamp device is arranged in the greenhouse, and the top of the greenhouse is made of light-transmitting materials. Collecting black soil fermented from rotten leaves in ten centimeters of the surface layer of an oasis forest, stacking and decomposing the excrement of livestock and poultry, and mixing the black soil and the decomposed excrement with the ratio of 3: 1, and filling the mixture into a nutrition pot, wherein the nutrition pot is full of eight parts. Selecting seeds by a water selection method, primarily selecting full seeds, putting the primarily selected seeds into water with the salt content of 0.2%, standing for 5min, removing the seeds floating on the water surface by using a 270-mesh screen, and reserving the seeds sinking into the water, wherein the weight of each thousand seeds is required to be 340 mg. Spraying soil thoroughly in the nutrition pots before sowing, requiring that the soil humidity reaches 95%, sowing 6 seeds in each nutrition pot, covering soil with the thickness of 1cm, spraying water immediately after sowing, spraying surface layer soil thoroughly, adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse to 21 ℃, and closing the ventilation opening. Spraying water 4 times a day after sowing, wherein the soil humidity is required to be 95%, reducing the water spraying frequency when 3-4 pairs of true leaves grow out of the apocynum venetum seedlings, spraying water 3 times a day, gradually reducing the soil humidity to 78%, adjusting the indoor temperature to 21 ℃, adjusting the daily illumination time to 3h, and performing illumination treatment by using a fluorescent lamp when the sun illumination is insufficient. After 30 days, when the 5 th to 6 th pairs of true leaves grow out of the apocynum venetum seedlings, carrying out seedling identification treatment, spraying water to the nutrition pots, wetting to be standard, pulling out short and small seedlings, and keeping 2-3 seedlings in each nutrition pot. And (3) hardening the seedlings for 5 days, opening a window of the greenhouse, gradually reducing the temperature to room temperature, gradually increasing the time for receiving natural light, and spraying water once in 2 days until no water is sprayed in the last day. After the hardening-seedling is finished, selecting and reserving apocynum venetum seedlings with 5-6 pairs of needles and 8-10cm of plant height. Laying a drip pipe belt after land preparation, beginning to drip irrigation, wherein the interval between drip irrigation openings is 1.5m, opening a hole at the drip irrigation position, the diameter of the hole opening is 50cm, the depth of the hole is 50cm, pouring 2kg of fertilizer into the hole, and uniformly mixing the fertilizer with soil, wherein the fertilizer is prepared by mixing black soil and decomposed excrement by 3: 1 by weight ratio. Removing the nutrition pot, planting with soil, wherein the plant spacing is required to be 1.5-2m, the row spacing is required to be 3-3.5m, and drip irrigation is carried out for 1.5h after planting, wherein the soil humidity is required to reach 40%. After field planting, carrying out drip irrigation once every 15 days, wherein the drip irrigation time is 2h each time, when the plant height is 20-25cm, preventing spot blight, adding 600 and 800 times of liquid of 50% of bacteria removing agent during drip irrigation, and carrying out drip irrigation for 3 times. The whole plant is cut at the near place before the first year of winter, and the root in the soil is reserved.
Example six:
in 2015 for 3 months, apocynum venetum is planted in Kashshikul dry saline-alkali soil test field No. 5 (typical heavy saline-alkali soil with average salt content of more than 7.0), and a place with wide terrain, sufficient sunlight, loose soil, convenient irrigation and good drainage is selected, and viscous soil is not selected. The greenhouse is required to be provided with ventilation openings, a temperature adjusting and fluorescent lamp device is arranged in the greenhouse, and the top of the greenhouse is made of light-transmitting materials. Collecting black soil fermented from rotten leaves in ten centimeters of the surface layer of an oasis forest, stacking and decomposing the excrement of livestock and poultry, and mixing the black soil and the decomposed excrement with the ratio of 3: 1, and filling the mixture into a nutrition pot, wherein the nutrition pot is full of eight parts. Selecting seeds by a water selection method, primarily selecting full seeds, putting the primarily selected seeds into water with the salt content of 0.2%, standing for 5min, removing the seeds floating on the water surface by using a 270-mesh screen, and reserving the seeds sinking into the water, wherein the weight of each thousand seeds is required to be 350 mg. Spraying soil thoroughly in the nutrition pots before sowing, requiring that the soil humidity reaches 95%, sowing 6 seeds in each nutrition pot, covering soil with the thickness of 1cm, spraying water immediately after sowing, spraying surface layer soil thoroughly, adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse to 30 ℃, and closing the ventilation opening. Spraying water 5 times a day after sowing, wherein the soil humidity is required to be 95%, reducing the water spraying frequency when 3-4 pairs of true leaves grow out of the apocynum venetum seedlings, spraying water 3 times a day, gradually reducing the soil humidity to 80%, adjusting the indoor temperature to 23 ℃, adjusting the daily illumination time to 4h, and performing illumination treatment by using a fluorescent lamp when the sun illumination is insufficient. After 30 days, when the 5 th to 6 th pairs of true leaves grow out of the apocynum venetum seedlings, carrying out seedling identification treatment, spraying water to the nutrition pots, wetting to be standard, pulling out short and small seedlings, and keeping 2-3 seedlings in each nutrition pot. And (3) hardening the seedlings for 5 days, opening a window of the greenhouse, gradually reducing the temperature to room temperature, gradually increasing the time for receiving natural light, and spraying water once in 2 days until no water is sprayed in the last day. After the hardening-seedling is finished, selecting and reserving apocynum venetum seedlings with 5-6 pairs of needles and 8-10cm of plant height. Laying a drip pipe belt after land preparation, beginning to drip irrigation, wherein the interval between drip irrigation openings is 1.5m, opening a hole at the drip irrigation position, the diameter of the hole opening is 50cm, the depth of the hole is 50cm, pouring 2kg of fertilizer into the hole, and uniformly mixing the fertilizer with soil, wherein the fertilizer is prepared by mixing black soil and decomposed excrement by 3: 1 by weight ratio. Removing the nutrition pot, planting with soil, wherein the plant spacing is required to be 1.5-2m, the row spacing is required to be 3-3.5m, and drip irrigation is carried out for 1.5h after planting, wherein the soil humidity is required to reach 40%. After field planting, carrying out drip irrigation once every 15 days, wherein the drip irrigation time is 2h each time, when the plant height is 20-25cm, preventing spot blight, adding 600 and 800 times of liquid of 50% of bacteria removing agent during drip irrigation, and carrying out drip irrigation for 3 times. The whole plant is cut at the near place before the first year of winter, and the root in the soil is reserved.
Example seven:
taking karshshistol dry saline-alkali soil (average salt content is more than 8.5 of typical heavy saline-alkali soil) as an apocynum venetum growth test area, wherein the test area is 50 mu, planting apocynum venetum in salinized desert land by adopting the method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, counting the seed emergence rate and the seedling survival rate in a greenhouse in the current year, counting the apocynum venetum coverage rate and the plant height in the next year by plant clumps, and specifically, the following results are obtained:
table 1: index for growing apocynum venetum under different cultivation methods
As can be seen from Table 1, the apocynum venetum is planted in the saline desert land by adopting the method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the emergence rate of the seeds reaches more than 92.5%, the survival rate of seedlings after the apocynum venetum is transplanted to a field in the same year is up to 95.6%, the apocynum venetum is sown and planted in the same year, the planting age limit of the seedlings is effectively shortened, the coverage rate of the apocynum venetum in the next year can reach 80%, the height of the plants is more than 80cm on average, and the method has a remarkable technical effect in the technical field of agricultural planting. Therefore, the apocynum venetum cultivation method suitable for the heavy saline alkali area is feasible in technology and has considerable demonstration and popularization prospects.
Through the series of embodiments, a series of technical means such as nutrient soil preparation, water selection method seed selection, sowing, water spraying, seedling hardening, fertilization, field planting with soil, laying and drip irrigation are adopted, the apocynum venetum cultivation method suitable for the heavy saline-alkali area is provided, the apocynum venetum cultivation method is suitable for typical heavy saline-alkali soil with average salt content of more than 8.5, the seedling field planting age is effectively shortened, the coverage rate of the apocynum venetum in the next year can reach 80%, the plant height is more than 80cm on average, and the apocynum venetum cultivation method has a remarkable technical effect in the technical field of agricultural planting.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably implemented, and the above-mentioned embodiments only describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various changes and modifications of the technical solution of the present invention made by those skilled in the art without departing from the design spirit of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope defined by the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A apocynum venetum cultivation method suitable for heavy saline alkali areas is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) selecting a greenhouse to be provided with a ventilation opening, arranging a temperature adjusting and fluorescent lamp device in the greenhouse, and arranging a light-transmitting material on the top of the greenhouse;
(2) collecting black soil fermented from rotten leaves in ten centimeters of the surface layer of a forest land, stacking and decomposing the excrement of the livestock and poultry, and mixing the black soil and the decomposed excrement with the ratio of 3: 1, and putting the mixture into a nutrition pot;
(3) selecting seeds by adopting a water selection method, primarily selecting full seeds, putting the primarily selected seeds into water with the salt content of 0.2%, standing for 3-5min, removing the seeds floating on the water surface by using a 270-mesh screen, and reserving the seeds sinking into the water, wherein the weight of each thousand seeds is required to be 350 mg;
(4) spraying soil thoroughly in the nutrition pots before sowing, wherein the soil humidity is required to reach 90-95%, sowing 6 seeds in each nutrition pot, covering soil with the thickness of 1cm, spraying water immediately after sowing, spraying surface layer soil thoroughly, adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse to 28 ℃, and closing a ventilation opening;
(5) spraying water 4 times a day after sowing, wherein the soil humidity is required to be 95%, reducing the water spraying frequency when 3-4 pairs of true leaves grow out of the apocynum venetum seedlings, spraying water 2 times a day, gradually reducing the soil humidity to 70%, adjusting the indoor temperature to 23 ℃, adjusting the daily illumination time to 4h, and performing illumination treatment by using a fluorescent lamp when the sun illumination is insufficient;
(6) after 30 days, when the 5 th to 6 th pairs of true leaves grow out of the apocynum venetum seedlings, carrying out seedling identification treatment, spraying water to the nutrition pots, taking the humidity as the standard, pulling out short seedlings, and keeping 2-3 seedlings in each nutrition pot;
(7) the seedling hardening time is 5 days, a greenhouse window is opened, the temperature is gradually reduced to room temperature, the time for receiving natural light is gradually increased, water is sprayed once in 1-2 days until water is not sprayed in the last day;
(8) after hardening off, selecting and reserving apocynum venetum seedlings with 5-6 pairs of needles and 8-10cm of plant height;
(9) the land is prepared in a place with wide terrain, sufficient sunlight, loose soil, convenient irrigation and good drainage, and viscous soil is not selected;
(10) laying a drip pipe belt after land preparation, beginning to drip irrigation, wherein the interval between drip irrigation openings is 1.5m, opening a hole at the drip irrigation position, the diameter of the hole opening is 50cm, the depth of the hole is 50cm, pouring 2kg of fertilizer into the hole, and uniformly mixing the fertilizer with soil, wherein the fertilizer is prepared by mixing black soil and decomposed excrement by 3: 1 by weight ratio;
(11) removing the nutrition pots, planting with soil, wherein the planting distance is 1.5-2m, the row spacing is 3-3.5m, and after planting, drip irrigation is carried out for 1.5h, and the soil humidity is required to reach 40%;
(12) after field planting, carrying out drip irrigation once every 15 days, wherein the drip irrigation time is 2h each time, when the plant height is 20-25cm, preventing spot blight, adding 50% of 600-800 times of sterile liquid for preventing during drip irrigation, and carrying out drip irrigation for 3 times;
(13) the whole plant is cut off at the position just before the first year of winter, and the root in the soil is reserved for overwintering treatment.
2. The apocynum venetum cultivation method suitable for the areas with heavy saline alkali as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrition pot is 10cm high and 10cm in diameter, and a small hole is arranged at the bottom.
3. The apocynum venetum cultivation method suitable for the heavy saline alkali area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water temperature range is 18-20 ℃ when the seeds are selected by adopting the water selection method.
4. The apocynum venetum cultivation method suitable for the areas with heavy salt and alkali as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting with soil requires a plant spacing of 2m and a row spacing of 3.5 m.
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