CN114097596A - Method for planting vegetables in saline-alkali soil by utilizing nutrient medium - Google Patents
Method for planting vegetables in saline-alkali soil by utilizing nutrient medium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114097596A CN114097596A CN202111638046.2A CN202111638046A CN114097596A CN 114097596 A CN114097596 A CN 114097596A CN 202111638046 A CN202111638046 A CN 202111638046A CN 114097596 A CN114097596 A CN 114097596A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- planting
- nutrient medium
- saline
- drainage
- drainage ditch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims 4
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 abstract description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000000383 Allium odorum Species 0.000 description 10
- 235000018645 Allium odorum Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 235000005338 Allium tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 240000006108 Allium ampeloprasum Species 0.000 description 9
- 235000005254 Allium ampeloprasum Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 241000272517 Anseriformes Species 0.000 description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010149 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000000536 Brassica rapa subsp pekinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000499436 Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003657 drainage water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000002234 Allium sativum Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008574 Capsicum frutescens Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002568 Capsicum frutescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 244000088415 Raphanus sativus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006140 Raphanus sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- NNBFNNNWANBMTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M brilliant green Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O.C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C1C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C1 NNBFNNNWANBMTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004611 garlic Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021384 green leafy vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting vegetables on saline-alkali soil by utilizing nutrient medium, which is characterized in that ditches are dug, soil is taken and the soil is repaired to form planting grooves and drainage ditches which are arranged at intervals, and a drainage pipe is connected between the planting grooves and the drainage ditches; and directly planting vegetables on a nutrient medium which is filled in the planting groove and consists of a rice hull manure fermentation bed, vermiculite and perlite. The raw materials of the invention are simple and easy to obtain, the water and air permeability of the substrate is excellent, and the nutrient is sufficient, thus meeting the growth requirement of vegetables; the planting method is simple and convenient to operate, low in cost and free of damage to the soil structure, solves the problems of long improvement period, high cost, salt return and alkali return and the like of crops planted in saline-alkali soil, and meets the requirement of planting vegetables in the saline-alkali soil in a large area by utilizing the nutrient medium.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of crop planting, and relates to a method suitable for planting crops in saline-alkali soil, in particular to a method for planting vegetables in the saline-alkali soil by utilizing a nutrient medium.
Background
The saline-alkali soil is generally distributed in low-level terrain, high underground water level, unsmooth drainage, semi-humid and semi-arid regions. Soluble salt in the groundwater rises to the earth's surface along the soil capillary, and after the water evaporation, the salt is accumulated and forms saline-alkali soil, and the salt contained in the soil influences the normal growth of crops. The formation of alkaline earth and alkalized soil in China is mostly related to the accumulation of carbonate in soil, so that the alkalization degree is generally high, and plants in serious saline-alkaline earth regions can hardly survive.
At present, the transformation and utilization of saline-alkali soil can be divided into several types:
firstly, carrying out salt washing and salt elimination treatment on saline-alkali soil by large amount of irrigation to reduce the salt content in the soil;
secondly, modifying agents such as a fertilizer containing phosphoric acid and an organic fertilizer are used for gradually modifying the saline-alkali soil;
thirdly, deep ploughing the saline-alkali soil, and adding additional soil;
fourthly, various materials are used for manufacturing a drainage device, a planting groove and the like, the device or the groove body is placed in the saline-alkali soil, and crops are planted in the groove.
In the transformation means, water resources are wasted, or the period is long, the investment cost is high, the implementation difficulty is high, or the phenomenon of salt return and alkali return occurs after one or two years, or large-area planting cannot be performed, or the land is irreversibly damaged by the groove body, the appearance of the cultivated land is difficult to recover after the groove body is not planted, and the like.
The method is to put the substrate into substrate grooves made of various materials, belongs to one of soilless culture, and cannot utilize saline-alkali soil in a large area; in addition, the use of nutrient media for growing vegetables in open and large-area fields is rarely used.
In the breeding mode of breeding ducks or meat ducks, flat breeding with padding is a mode which is wide in application and good in effect at present. The nutrients of the common bedding are not enough to be directly used as nutrient substrates. And after the rice hull manure fermentation bed formed by padding mainly comprising rice hulls is subjected to treatment such as composting and decomposition, the water and air permeability is good, the fertilizer content is high, the heavy metal content does not exceed the standard, and the rice hull manure fermentation bed is a good raw material for serving as a nutrient medium.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for planting vegetables on saline-alkali soil by utilizing a nutrient medium, so that the saline-alkali soil is effectively utilized, the implementation operation is simple, and the cost is low.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for planting vegetables on saline-alkali soil by utilizing a nutrient medium comprises the following steps:
s1, planting grooves and drainage ditches are arranged: taking soil and ditching on the saline-alkali soil to form a drainage ditch, wherein the taken soil is used for building up two sides of the drainage ditch to form a dam, and the dam forms two sides of a planting groove; the planting grooves and the drainage ditches are arranged at intervals in the width direction of the planting grooves and the drainage ditches are arranged on two sides of each planting groove; the drainage ditch is covered by a waterproof material to form a ditch film; a drain pipe which extends along the width direction of the planting groove and the drainage ditch and is connected with the planting groove and the drainage ditch is laid between the planting groove and the drainage ditch;
s2, preparing a nutrient medium: stacking, fermenting and decomposing the rice hull manure fermentation bed, and preparing a nutrient medium with vermiculite and perlite;
s3, planting vegetables: putting the nutrient substrate into the planting groove, and compacting the nutrient substrate appropriately, wherein the thickness of the compacted nutrient substrate is 0.2-0.5 m; the vegetables are directly planted in the nutrient medium.
In the S1, the distance between the bottom of the drainage ditch and the ground is 0.2-1 m, the width of the drainage ditch is 0.5-3 m calculated by the dam distance at two sides, the cross section of the drainage ditch is in a trapezoid shape with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, and the angles of inclined planes at two sides are 45-75 degrees; the covered ditch film is a composite geomembrane or a flexible cement blanket; the water outlet end of the drainage ditch is connected to a water channel or a pond; the drainage slope of the bottom of the drainage ditch is 0.2%.
As another limitation, the width of the planting groove in the S1 is 0.2-10 m counted by the groove bottom, and the groove depth is 0.2-0.5 m.
As a third limitation, the drain pipe penetrates through the dam and the drainage ditch membrane to connect the drainage ditch with the planting groove, the outlet of the drain pipe at the end of the drainage ditch is 0.05-0.3 m into the ditch, and the outlet length at the end of the planting groove can be determined according to the width of the planting groove; the diameter of the drain pipe is 20-200 mm, and a filter screen is fixedly arranged at the opening of the drain pipe at the end of the planting groove; the laying distance of the drain pipes is 0.2-20 m.
As another limitation, the volume ratio of the rice hull manure fermentation bed to the vermiculite to the perlite is 4-7: 2-3: 0 to 3.
The invention also has a limitation that the total porosity of the nutrient substrate prepared in the S2 is 60-90%, the water-holding porosity is more than 45%, and the gas-water ratio is 1: 2-4.
Other properties and indexes of the nutrient medium prepared in the S2 meet related national or industrial standards: the bulk density is 0.15 to 0.6g/cm3The pH value of the saturated water of the substrate is 6.5-8, the quick-acting nutrients are 8-20%, the nitrate nitrogen is 300-1500 mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 600-1500 mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium is 500-4000 mg/kg, and the conductivity is 500-2000 mu s/cm.
The technical scheme of the invention can plant various vegetables, including all the vegetables suitable for planting by nutrient medium in the prior art, such as leek, rape, Chinese cabbage and the like in leafy vegetables, tomato, hot pepper and the like in vegetables and fruits, radish, garlic and the like in root vegetables.
The technical scheme of the invention is to solve the problem that the saline-alkali soil can not be used for planting vegetables, the implementation environment of the technology comprises the open large-area saline-alkali soil and the greenhouse on the saline-alkali soil, and the implementation environment of the technical scheme is not limited.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, the invention directly takes soil from the saline-alkali soil to prepare drainage ditches and planting troughs, thus reducing the facility cost of planting nutrient medium;
the excessive water in the planting groove is drained into a drainage ditch through a drainage pipe, the drainage ditch is connected with a canal or a pond and has a proper drainage gradient, so that the planting groove has good drainage and is beneficial to the growth of vegetables;
the drainage ditch is covered and fixed by the composite geomembrane or the flexible cement blanket, so that water and soil loss and ditch deformation and collapse are prevented, and weed growth is prevented;
fourthly, the filter screen is fixed at the opening of the end of the planting groove of the drainage pipe, so that the matrix is prevented from being lost and the drainage pipe is prevented from being blocked;
the nutrient medium for planting the vegetables is prepared from a rice hull-excrement fermentation bed for feeding meat ducks or planting ducks, vermiculite, perlite and other auxiliary materials, is simple and easy to obtain, has excellent water permeability and air permeability, can discharge redundant water in a planting groove in time, and reduces high ion concentration caused by the environment of the saline-alkali soil; the substrate has sufficient nutrients, and generally no other fertilizer is needed to be supplemented, so that the requirements of most of vegetables can be met. The biogas slurry is applied in time in the planting process, so that the substrate can be recycled, annual vegetables can be repeatedly planted on the substrate, and the annual vegetables can be used for more than 3 years and 5 years;
the nutrient medium prepared by the rice hull manure fermentation bed is decomposed in the planting process to generate humic acid which can neutralize alkaline substances in soil and has good improvement effect on saline-alkali soil;
the technical scheme of the invention has no limit on the implementation environment, and can be applied to the open-air large-area saline-alkali soil and can also be applied to greenhouses on saline-alkali soil.
In conclusion, the method has the advantages of small investment and simple operation, and is particularly suitable for planting vegetables on the saline-alkali soil in a large area. The invention solves the problems of long improvement period, high cost, salt return, alkali return and the like of the saline-alkali soil, and realizes the requirement of utilizing nutrient medium to plant vegetables in large area on the saline-alkali soil.
The invention is suitable for planting vegetables in saline-alkali soil by utilizing the nutrient medium.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a planting pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. drainage ditch, 2, planting groove, 3, dam, 4, drain pipe, 5, nutrient medium, 6, planting groove drainage, 7, vegetables, 8, ditch membrane.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1 method for planting leeks in open air on saline-alkali soil by using nutrient medium
The embodiment is realized as follows:
the geographical position of the land parcel in the saline-alkali soil is about 36-40 degrees north latitude, the east-west width is 21m, and the north-south length is 300 m.
Before ten days in the middle of 4 months, the saline-alkali land of the land is dug to repair the groove, four drainage ditches 1 are repaired in the north-south direction, two drainage ditches 1 are respectively arranged at two sides of the land, two drainage ditches are uniformly distributed in the middle of the land, the width of each drainage ditch 1 is about 2.2m, the distance between the bottom of each drainage ditch and the ground is 0.5m, the taken soil is repaired into a dam 3, the inclined plane angle of each drainage ditch 1 is 50 degrees, two opposite dam side surfaces of two adjacent dams 3 form two sides of the same planting groove 2, each planting groove 2 is 0.3m deep and 4.0m wide, the groove bottom is flat, the drainage slope of the bottom of each drainage ditch 1 is 0.2 percent, and the water outlet end (north end) of each drainage ditch 1 is connected with a water channel to ensure good drainage, so that the drainage water 6 of the planting grooves is smoothly drained into the water channel. The drainage ditch 1 is internally covered by a composite geomembrane with the thickness of 0.3mm (the application range is 0.1-2mm, and 0.3mm is preferred) to form a ditch film 8, and the ditch film 8 extends downwards 0.2m at the inner side of the planting groove 2 respectively to play a role in fixing. At 1 and the drain pipe 4 of planting the groove 2 within a definite time tiling diameter 100mm in escape canal, the parallel and level at the bottom of drain pipe 4 and planting groove 2, drain pipe 4 passes dam 3 and ditch membrane 8, 0.1m in going out first to escape canal 1, drain pipe 4 holds at planting groove 2 and stretches out length 0.5m, about 1.5m of pipe length, the opening part bundle of drain pipe 4 at planting groove 2 one end has tied up the nylon filter screen, the interval between two adjacent rows of water pipes 4 is 4.0 m.
Preparation of the nutrient medium 5: stacking and fermenting the aged rice hull and manure fermentation bed for breeding meat ducks, checking microorganisms and parasitic ova, and mixing with vermiculite according to a ratio of 7: 3 (without perlite) to make nutrient medium 5. The characters and indexes of the nutrient medium 5 are as follows: the total porosity is 60 percent, the water-holding porosity is 45.9 percent, the gas-water ratio is 1:3, and the volume weight is 0.30g/cm3The pH value of the saturated water of the substrate is 7, the quick-acting nutrients are 18 percent, the nitrate nitrogen is 850mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 1100mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium is 2350mg/kg, and the conductivity is 1300 mu s/cm.
And (3) putting the prepared nutrient medium 5 into the planting groove 2, wherein the thickness of the compacted nutrient medium 2 is 0.3 m. When the ground temperature reaches about 15 ℃, vegetables 7 (adopting Chinese chives and seeds in the embodiment) are sown, the row spacing is 0.4m, and the seed consumption per mu is 2.5 kg. The nutrient medium has high fertility, does not fertilize in the first year, and adopts a micro-sprinkling irrigation mode for watering. Harvesting the grown Chinese chives at proper time. In the middle and late 11 months, the failure leaves are cut off before and after the solar term of the small snow, the nutrient medium is covered with the cutting medium with the thickness of 0.05m, and the cutting medium is watered to pass the winter. And harvesting the leeks in the second year at a proper time, and applying biogas slurry at a proper time in the second year if fertilization is needed.
The planting mode of the embodiment has the harvest period of 4-9 months, can harvest 4-5 crops, has the yield per mu of about 5000kg, has strong leek fragrance, emerald green color and pure taste, is rich in vitamins and crude fibers, and is an important food material popular with consumers.
Example 2: method for planting small rapes in open air on saline-alkali soil by utilizing nutrient medium
The embodiment is realized as follows:
the length of the land parcel in the saline-alkali land is 60m, and the width of the land parcel in the north and south is about 8 m.
Before ten days in 3 months, the saline-alkali land of the land is dug to repair the groove, two sides of the land are respectively provided with one drainage ditch 1 in east and west directions, the width of the ditch is about 1.2m, the distance between the bottom of the ditch and the ground is 0.2m, the taken soil is repaired into a dam 3, the inclined plane angle of the drainage ditch 1 is 45 degrees, two opposite dam side surfaces between two adjacent dams 3 form two sides of the same planting groove 2, the depth of the planting groove 2 is 0.2m, the width of the planting groove is about 5.0m, the groove bottom is flat, the groove back is straightened, the drainage slope of the drainage ditch 1 is 0.2 percent, the drainage end (west end) of the drainage ditch 1 is connected with a ditch, good drainage is ensured, and the drainage water 6 of the planting groove is smoothly drained into the ditch. A flexible cement blanket with the thickness of 10mm is paved in the drainage ditch 1 to form a ditch film 8. At escape canal and plant the groove between tiling diameter 60 mm's drain pipe 4, drain pipe 4 with plant 2 tank bottoms parallel and level in groove, drain pipe 4 passes dam 3 and ditch membrane 8, 0.05m in going out first to escape canal 1, drain pipe 4 is planting 2 groove end length 0.3m, the opening part bundle of drain pipe 4 in planting 2 one ends in groove has the nylon filter screen, the interval between the drain pipe is 1 m.
Preparation of the nutrient medium 5: stacking, fermenting and decomposing an aged rice hull manure fermentation bed for breeding meat ducks, detecting microorganisms and parasitic ova, and mixing with vermiculite and perlite according to a volume ratio of 6: 3: 1 to prepare a nutrient substrate 5. The character and index of the nutrient medium are: the total porosity is 67 percent, the water-holding porosity is 52 percent, the gas-water ratio is 1:2.6, and the volume weight is 0.25g/cm3The pH value of the saturated water of the substrate is 6.9, the quick-acting nutrient content is 14 percent, the nitrate nitrogen content is 656mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus content is 1063mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium content is 2168mg/kg, and the conductivity is 1010 mus/cm.
And placing the prepared nutrient medium 5 into the planting groove 2, wherein the thickness of the compacted nutrient medium 5 is 0.2 m. When the ground temperature reaches about 15 ℃, sowing vegetables 7 (in the embodiment, small rapes and seeds are selected), and uniformly sowing or drilling, wherein the row spacing of drilling is 0.15-0.2 m, and the seed consumption per mu is 250 g. And (5) keeping the soil moist all the time from the seedling emergence to the leaf age of 15 days, and watering by adopting a micro-sprinkling irrigation mode. The nitrogen demand of leaf vegetables is high, and the biogas slurry additional fertilizer is adopted to supplement the nitrogen fertilizer during the growth period. According to market conditions, the rape can be harvested after 5 leaves grow, and the whole growth period is 45-60 days.
The planting mode of the embodiment has vigorous growth of the small rape, and the yield per mu reaches 2300 kg.
Example 3 method for planting greenhouse leeks on saline-alkali soil by using nutrient medium
The embodiment is realized as follows:
the length of the land parcel in the saline-alkali soil is 60 meters, and the width of the land parcel in the north and south is 9 meters.
Before ten days in the middle of 4 months, the saline-alkali land of the land is dug and groove is repaired, the two drainage ditches 1 are repaired in the east-west direction at two sides of the land, the distance between the bottom of the drainage ditch 1 and the ground is 0.3m, the width of the ditch is about 1.5m, the soil taken is repaired into a dam 3, the inclined plane of the drainage ditch 1 and the ground angle are 60 degrees, a planting groove is formed between the two dams, the depth of the planting groove is 0.3m, the width is 6.0m, the groove bottom is flat, the back of the drainage ditch 1 is straightened, the drainage slope of the drainage ditch 1 is 0.2 percent, the ditch which drains outwards is connected at the lower end (west end) of the drainage ditch 1, and the drainage 6 of the planting groove can be smoothly drained. The drainage ditch 1 is covered by a composite geomembrane with the thickness of 2mm to form a ditch film 8, and the ditch film 8 extends downwards 0.2m inside the planting groove respectively so as to play a role in fixing. At 1 and the drain pipe 4 of planting the groove 2 within a definite time tiling diameter 100mm in escape canal, the parallel and level at the bottom of drain pipe 4 and planting groove 2, drain pipe 1 passes dam 3 and ditch membrane 8, goes out first 0.2m to escape canal 1, and drain pipe 4 is planting 2 end in the groove and goes out first length 0.5m, and drain pipe 1 bindes the nylon filter screen, two adjacent water pipe interval 3m planting 2 one end openings part in the groove.
Preparation of the nutrient medium 5: the aged rice hull manure fermentation bed for breeding meat ducks is subjected to stacking fermentation and decomposition, microorganisms and parasitic ova are detected, and the qualified products are mixed with vermiculite and perlite according to the volume ratio of 6.67: 1.67: 1.66(4:1:1), the properties and indexes of the nutrient medium are as follows: the total porosity is 65%, the water-holding porosity is 46%, and the gas-water ratio is 1: 2.8, volume weight 0.28g/cm3The PH value of the saturated water of the substrate is 7.1, the quick-acting nutrient content is 16 percent, the nitrate nitrogen content is 780mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus content is 1100mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium content is 2300mg/kg, and the conductivity is 1150 mu s/cm.
And (3) putting the prepared nutrient medium 5 into the planting groove 2, wherein the thickness of the compacted nutrient medium 2 is 0.3 m. When the ground temperature reaches about 15 ℃, vegetables 7 (the leeks and the seeds are selected in the embodiment) are sowed, the row spacing is 0.4m, and the seed consumption per mu is 2.5 kg. Keeping soil moist after the seedlings of the Chinese chives grow but 15cm long after the Chinese chives grow, watering the Chinese chives by adopting a micro-sprinkling irrigation mode, and then, keeping away from drought and watering the Chinese chives, and paying attention to water drainage and waterlogging prevention in summer. In autumn, a flexible greenhouse in the east-west direction is built according to the direction of a land parcel, the length of the greenhouse is 60m, the width of the greenhouse is 9m, and the height of the greenhouse is 3.5m, the greenhouse is built before winter, and leek production in winter is prepared. And (3) regulating and controlling the temperature and humidity of the Chinese chives in the planting groove according to winter management measures of the Chinese chives in the greenhouse, watering and topdressing, and harvesting 2 Chinese chives before spring festival.
In the planting mode of the embodiment, two batches of Chinese chives are harvested in the same year, and the yield per mu is about 2000 kg; 1-2 leeks can be harvested in spring of the next year, 3-4 leeks can be harvested all the year round, and the yield per mu is about 4000 kg.
Examples 4 to 6 method for planting vegetables on saline-alkali soil by using nutrient medium
Examples 4 to 6 are methods for open-air cultivation of tomatoes, cole and chinese cabbage on saline-alkali soil by using nutrient medium, respectively, and the selected plots are located in different experimental regions from example 1, except that they are different from examples 1 to 3 only in the type and cultivation process of the vegetables, as shown in the following table:
in the above examples, examples 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 were planted in the open air, and example 3 was planted in a greenhouse.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the technical parameters in the embodiments should not be construed as limiting the implementable scope of the present invention. On the basis of the above technical teaching, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the parameters and the scope of the invention, which falls within the scope of the claims of the present invention. The drainage ditch, the planting groove, the drainage pipe, the preparation of the nutrient medium and the like can be reasonably selected according to the specific conditions of the saline-alkali soil according to the technical requirement range.
It can be seen from the above examples 1-6 that the method provided by the invention, which adopts the drainage ditch, the planting groove, the drainage pipe and the nutrient medium and uses the rice hull manure fermentation bed as the main material, is suitable for planting various vegetables in the open air or in a greenhouse on the saline-alkali soil, and has the characteristics of simple operation, good effect, high yield and low cost.
Claims (9)
1. A method for planting vegetables on saline-alkali soil by utilizing a nutrient medium is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, arranging planting grooves and drainage ditches
Taking soil and ditching on the saline-alkali soil to form a drainage ditch, wherein the taken soil is used for building up two sides of the drainage ditch to form a dam, and the dam forms two sides of a planting groove;
the planting grooves and the drainage ditches are arranged at intervals in the width direction of the planting grooves and the drainage ditches are arranged on two sides of each planting groove;
the drainage ditch is covered by a waterproof material to form a ditch film;
a drain pipe which extends along the width direction of the planting groove and the drainage ditch and is connected with the planting groove and the drainage ditch is laid between the planting groove and the drainage ditch;
s2, preparing a nutrient medium
Stacking, fermenting and decomposing the rice hull manure fermentation bed, and preparing a nutrient medium with vermiculite and perlite;
s3, planting vegetables
Putting the nutrient substrate into the planting groove and compacting, wherein the thickness of the compacted nutrient substrate is 0.2-0.5 m; the vegetables are directly planted in the nutrient medium.
2. The method for planting vegetables on the saline-alkali soil by using the nutrient medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient medium comprises the following components:
the distance between the bottom of the drainage ditch and the ground is 0.2-1 m, the width of the drainage ditch is 0.5-3 m calculated by the dam distance at two sides, the cross section of the drainage ditch is in a trapezoid shape with a wide top and a narrow bottom, and the angles of inclined planes at two sides are 45-75 degrees;
the ditch film is a composite geomembrane or a flexible cement blanket;
the water outlet end of the drainage ditch is connected to a water channel or a pond; the drainage slope of the bottom of the drainage ditch is 0.2%.
3. The method for planting vegetables on the saline-alkali soil by using the nutrient medium as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the planting groove width in the S1 is 0.2-10 m and the groove depth is 0.2-0.5 m based on the groove bottom.
4. The method for planting vegetables on the saline-alkali soil using the nutrient medium as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the drain pipe penetrates through the dam and the drainage ditch membrane to connect the drainage ditch with the planting groove, and the head of the drain pipe is 0.05-0.3 m away from the end of the drainage ditch into the ditch; the diameter of the drain pipe is 20-200 mm, and a filter screen is fixedly arranged at the opening of the drain pipe at the end of the planting groove; the laying distance of the drain pipes is 0.2-20 m.
5. The method for planting vegetables on the saline-alkali soil by using the nutrient medium as claimed in claim 3, wherein the nutrient medium comprises the following components:
the drain pipe penetrates through the dam and the drainage ditch membrane to connect the drainage ditch with the planting groove, and the head of the drain pipe is 0.05-0.3 m away from the end of the drainage ditch into the ditch; the diameter of the drain pipe is 20-200 mm, and a filter screen is fixedly arranged at the opening of the drain pipe at the end of the planting groove; the laying distance of the drain pipes is 0.2-20 m.
6. The method for planting vegetables on the saline-alkali soil by using the nutrient medium as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 5, wherein the volume ratio of the rice hull manure fermentation bed to the vermiculite to the perlite is 4-7: 2-3: 0 to 3.
7. The method for planting vegetables on the saline-alkali soil by using the nutrient medium as claimed in claim 3, wherein the volume ratio of the rice hull manure fermentation bed to the vermiculite to the perlite is 4-7: 2-3: 0 to 3.
8. The method for planting vegetables on the saline-alkali soil by using the nutrient medium as claimed in claim 4, wherein the volume ratio of the rice hull manure fermentation bed to the vermiculite to the perlite is 4-7: 2-3: 0 to 3.
9. The method for planting vegetables on the saline-alkali soil by using the nutrient medium as claimed in claim 1, 2, 5, 7 or 8, wherein the total porosity of the nutrient medium is 60-90%, the water-holding porosity is greater than 45%, and the gas-water ratio is 1: 2-4.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111638046.2A CN114097596A (en) | 2021-12-29 | 2021-12-29 | Method for planting vegetables in saline-alkali soil by utilizing nutrient medium |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111638046.2A CN114097596A (en) | 2021-12-29 | 2021-12-29 | Method for planting vegetables in saline-alkali soil by utilizing nutrient medium |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114097596A true CN114097596A (en) | 2022-03-01 |
Family
ID=80363627
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111638046.2A Pending CN114097596A (en) | 2021-12-29 | 2021-12-29 | Method for planting vegetables in saline-alkali soil by utilizing nutrient medium |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114097596A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115968728A (en) * | 2023-03-20 | 2023-04-18 | 潍坊科技学院 | Method for planting taste-type tomatoes in saline-alkali soil |
Citations (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101305673A (en) * | 2008-07-11 | 2008-11-19 | 江苏紫荆花纺织科技股份有限公司 | Process for planting jute in alkali land |
| CN101485275A (en) * | 2009-02-19 | 2009-07-22 | 北京林业大学 | Sylvicultural method on argillaceous saline soil |
| CN202232370U (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2012-05-30 | 北京正和恒基滨水生态环境治理有限公司 | Greening system for treatment of high water level impervious saline-alkali soil |
| CN203735160U (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2014-07-30 | 岭南园林股份有限公司 | Saline-alkali soil planting device |
| CN203788838U (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2014-08-27 | 青岛农业大学 | Floor type vegetable salt-isolation cultivating device for solar greenhouse in coastal saline and alkaline area |
| CN104261958A (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2015-01-07 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Leaf vegetable cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN104396494A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-03-11 | 天津泰达绿化集团有限公司 | Method for greening original soil of heavy saline-alkali land |
| CN105123318A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-12-09 | 天津滨海新区津大建筑规划有限责任公司 | Ecological network ground weir type channel structure |
| CN204888134U (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-23 | 天津市泰洲盐碱地绿化工程有限公司 | Planting device for saline soil reclamation |
| CN106068754A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-11-09 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | The method of flour sand Muddy Bottoms strand tidal flat revegetation |
| CN107114152A (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2017-09-01 | 北京师范大学 | A kind of regional shallow pond Greenhouse System of raised fields of beach salty soil and its application |
| CN107347562A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-11-17 | 张军志 | A kind of method that Chinese wax is planted on salt-soda soil |
| CN211152666U (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-08-04 | 山东美利农业开发股份有限公司 | Saline and alkaline land lotus root field improvement system |
| CN111742636A (en) * | 2020-05-30 | 2020-10-09 | 杭州聚和土地规划设计有限公司 | Salt washing treatment system and method for salt pan |
| CN111758324A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-10-13 | 天津绿茵景观生态建设股份有限公司 | In-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure and method for coastal saline-alkali soil |
| CN112931120A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Method for planting fenugreek in saline-alkali soil |
-
2021
- 2021-12-29 CN CN202111638046.2A patent/CN114097596A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101305673A (en) * | 2008-07-11 | 2008-11-19 | 江苏紫荆花纺织科技股份有限公司 | Process for planting jute in alkali land |
| CN101485275A (en) * | 2009-02-19 | 2009-07-22 | 北京林业大学 | Sylvicultural method on argillaceous saline soil |
| CN202232370U (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2012-05-30 | 北京正和恒基滨水生态环境治理有限公司 | Greening system for treatment of high water level impervious saline-alkali soil |
| CN203735160U (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2014-07-30 | 岭南园林股份有限公司 | Saline-alkali soil planting device |
| CN203788838U (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2014-08-27 | 青岛农业大学 | Floor type vegetable salt-isolation cultivating device for solar greenhouse in coastal saline and alkaline area |
| CN104261958A (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2015-01-07 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Leaf vegetable cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN104396494A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-03-11 | 天津泰达绿化集团有限公司 | Method for greening original soil of heavy saline-alkali land |
| CN204888134U (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-23 | 天津市泰洲盐碱地绿化工程有限公司 | Planting device for saline soil reclamation |
| CN105123318A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-12-09 | 天津滨海新区津大建筑规划有限责任公司 | Ecological network ground weir type channel structure |
| CN106068754A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-11-09 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | The method of flour sand Muddy Bottoms strand tidal flat revegetation |
| CN107114152A (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2017-09-01 | 北京师范大学 | A kind of regional shallow pond Greenhouse System of raised fields of beach salty soil and its application |
| CN107347562A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-11-17 | 张军志 | A kind of method that Chinese wax is planted on salt-soda soil |
| CN211152666U (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-08-04 | 山东美利农业开发股份有限公司 | Saline and alkaline land lotus root field improvement system |
| CN111742636A (en) * | 2020-05-30 | 2020-10-09 | 杭州聚和土地规划设计有限公司 | Salt washing treatment system and method for salt pan |
| CN111758324A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-10-13 | 天津绿茵景观生态建设股份有限公司 | In-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure and method for coastal saline-alkali soil |
| CN112931120A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Method for planting fenugreek in saline-alkali soil |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 孙小东: "一种盐碱弃耕地再利用种植作物技术", 《农业科技与信息》 * |
| 高丽红等, 中国农业大学出版社 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115968728A (en) * | 2023-03-20 | 2023-04-18 | 潍坊科技学院 | Method for planting taste-type tomatoes in saline-alkali soil |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN100579358C (en) | Method for cultivating multi-batch cress in greenhouse | |
| AU2020101993A4 (en) | Lycium barbarum planting method in strongly saline-alkali soil | |
| CN104604628A (en) | Grape cultivating method suitable for mountain vineyards | |
| CN102318529B (en) | Aquatic and dry amphibious planting method for rice | |
| CN108307968A (en) | A kind of method of varieties in saline-alkali areas plantation Chinese herbaceous peony | |
| CN108782096A (en) | Plant cover cultivation methods in sandy land and its application in planting cyperue esculentus | |
| CN102124933A (en) | Method for researching partial root drying irrigation technology of woody fruit trees | |
| CN109618829B (en) | Root-limiting cultivation method suitable for oil peonies in south of the Yangtze river | |
| CN105284383A (en) | Mixed planting method for fructus amomi and bulbus fritilariae | |
| CN107318418A (en) | Method for establishing artificial grassland in arid region of subalpine | |
| CN102630477B (en) | Method for high-yield plantation of Salicornia and soil fertility improvement of coastal mud flat | |
| CN107155595A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of shed for pepper | |
| CN104798584A (en) | V-shaped blueberry planting hole planting method | |
| CN105191767A (en) | Soilless culture method of pepper | |
| CN108124567B (en) | Intensive fertilization method for fruit tree positioning and leaking nutrition well | |
| CN106922366A (en) | Potato planting method | |
| CN112243629B (en) | Sustainable method for arid region farmland salt irrigation based on crop rotation halophyte | |
| CN1122439C (en) | Rice and hydrophyte cultivating method mulched in whole course | |
| CN114097596A (en) | Method for planting vegetables in saline-alkali soil by utilizing nutrient medium | |
| CN110583377B (en) | Greenhouse vegetable transplanting water and fertilizer management method and special irrigation structure thereof | |
| CN112956376A (en) | Strawberry high mountain seedling raising method | |
| Jiang et al. | Twenty years development of soilless culture in mainland China | |
| CN107047155A (en) | Make the method for improvement continuous cropping orchard soil between a kind of limited covering positioning | |
| CN114847108B (en) | Mountain slope konjak planting method | |
| CN104604513A (en) | Cultivation method of Han Fuji apple |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20220301 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |