CN111758324A - In-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure and method for coastal saline-alkali soil - Google Patents

In-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure and method for coastal saline-alkali soil Download PDF

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CN111758324A
CN111758324A CN202010767010.3A CN202010767010A CN111758324A CN 111758324 A CN111758324 A CN 111758324A CN 202010767010 A CN202010767010 A CN 202010767010A CN 111758324 A CN111758324 A CN 111758324A
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soil
salt
layer
planting
saltpeter
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耿冠宇
高珊
曲炳鹏
姜杰
王彬彬
吕杰
苏慧敏
袁敏
冯佳
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Tianjin Lvyin Landscape And Ecology Construction Co ltd
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Tianjin Lvyin Landscape And Ecology Construction Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G23/00—Forestry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation

Abstract

The invention provides an in-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure and method for coastal saline-alkali soil, which comprises a planting hole and a capillary ditch, wherein the planting hole is internally provided with a salt-removing blind ditch, an original soil buffer layer, a saltpeter layer, a planting soil layer, a soil fertility layer and a surface evaporation control salt suppression system from bottom to top in sequence, and a salt separation film is arranged above the saltpeter layer and around the inner side wall of the planting hole; one end of the salt-removing underdrain is communicated with the hair ditch. The in-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure for the coastal saline-alkali soil realizes the comprehensive regulation and control of saline-alkali soil water, salt, fertilizer and soil in the coastal areas by combining the mode of tree pit micro-domain soil replacement and engineering measures. The compound fertilizer has the characteristics of low cost, simple preparation and convenient application, can effectively reduce the saline-alkali barrier of soil, promotes the fertilization and soil improvement in coastal areas, and provides a good living environment for plants.

Description

In-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure and method for coastal saline-alkali soil
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of afforestation, and particularly relates to an in-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure and method for coastal saline-alkali soil.
Background
Saline-alkali soil is an important land resource and widely distributed in the northeast, the north China, the inland of the northwest and the coastal areas of the north of the Yangtze river. At present, the area of the salinized soil in China is 5.2 hundred million acres, about 2.6 hundred million acres of potential salinized soil still exist, and 8652.58 thousand acres of potential salinized soil are cultivated. Under the background that the human-land contradiction of China is increasingly deepened, the problem of soil salinization severely restricts the ecological system construction and agricultural sustainable development of China, and the development of saline-alkali soil ecological restoration work has important significance for improving the soil fertility of saline farmland of China, guaranteeing the national food safety and improving the ecological environment. The coastal saline-alkali soil is mainly distributed in intertidal zones, and is influenced by the soil formation process and the soil matrix, so that the coastal saline-alkali soil has the characteristics of high salt content, poor physical structure, low soil fertility level, strong seasonal water and salt movement and the like, and the growth of plants is seriously influenced, and even the plants die. Therefore, the treatment and afforestation of the coastal saline-alkali soil are extremely difficult works, and no fundamental breakthrough is made in the aspect of the construction technology of the original saline-alkali soil protection forest in the coastal areas at present.
According to the characteristics and the utilization purpose of the coastal saline-alkali soil, corresponding engineering measures, farming measures, comprehensive measures and the like can be adopted to repair and utilize the saline-alkali soil. The soil-filling method is a common measure in afforestation engineering, and can quickly and effectively reduce the salt content of soil by completely or partially replacing soil. However, the earth-moving method requires a large amount of earth, and the source and transportation are problematic, so that the production cost is high. At present, the cost of the soil-dressing method on the afforestation engineering is 50-60 yuan/m 3. Meanwhile, the soil-supply method has the characteristics of easy damage to farmlands, easy repetition of saline-alkali soil and no sustainability. Therefore, the exploration of the environment-friendly and ecological green in-situ soil desalination technology has important significance for improving and utilizing the saline-alkali soil.
From the prior art, the existing technology for in-situ afforestation and accumulation of coastal saline-alkali soil is mainly developed from the aspects of engineering measures such as irrigation salt washing, terrace-shallow pool/deep groove salt discharge, concealed pipe salt discharge and the like. The existing pit type tree planting method is assisted by soil fertility technologies such as an improver, an organic fertilizer or nutrient soil, but due to the lack of effective measures for separating and inhibiting salt in soil, the salt and alkali stress action of the plants after two years of planting is gradually enhanced, and even the plants die. The restoration and utilization of the saline-alkali soil are a system integral project, and the ecological restoration and the efficient utilization of the coastal saline-alkali soil can be realized only by comprehensively considering various factors such as soil irrigation and drainage, water and salt regulation, fertilization and soil improvement and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an in-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure and method for coastal saline-alkali soil, aiming at the practical problems of serious saline-alkali soil barrier, difficult survival of plants and the like in the afforestation process of the coastal saline-alkali soil, and realizes the comprehensive regulation and control of saline-alkali soil water, salt, fertilizer and soil in the coastal saline-alkali soil by combining the tree pit micro-domain soil replacement and engineering measures. The compound fertilizer has the characteristics of low cost, simple preparation and convenient application, can effectively reduce the saline-alkali barrier of soil, promotes the fertilization and soil improvement in coastal areas, provides a good living environment for plants, and ensures that the survival rate of selected nursery stocks is over 90 percent.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
an in-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure for a coastal saline-alkali land comprises a planting hole and a capillary ditch, wherein a salt-removing blind ditch, an original soil buffer layer, a saltpeter layer, a planting soil layer, a soil compost layer and a surface evaporation and salt suppression system are sequentially arranged in the planting hole from bottom to top, and a salt separation film is arranged above the saltpeter layer and surrounds the inner side wall of the planting hole; one end of the salt-removing underdrain is communicated with the hair ditch.
The capillary ditches and the salt-removing blind ditches form an area underground water level control system, the capillary ditches are used for removing salt leached from an upper soil body in the outer-discharge planting holes, and the original soil buffer layer plays a role in buffering between the salt-removing blind ditches and an upper structure, so that excessive loss of water in the upper soil body is avoided.
The rock salt layer and the salt-separating film form a planting cave groove salt discharge system, the rock salt layer can promote soil salt in the cave to drip downwards, the effect of soil capillary is cut off, salt is returned to the separation soil, the salt-separating film can isolate soil lateral salt return, and the harm of soil seasonal water salt migration to plant growth is effectively reduced.
The soil fertility-increasing layer forms a soil fertility-increasing system of the planting hole.
The surface evaporation control and salt suppression system can suppress surface evaporation and prevent soil salt return.
Furthermore, the slope of the salt-removing underdrain towards the hair ditch is reduced by 3 per mill. Ensuring that the salt in the upper soil body leached to the salt-removing blind ditch can smoothly enter the furrows.
Further, arrange the salt blind ditch intussuseption and be filled with the nitre, arrange between salt blind ditch and the nitre of filling and the upper surface of the nitre of filling all is equipped with the non-woven fabrics.
Wherein the non-woven fabric can be selected to have a specification of 20g/m2After the non-woven fabric is laid in the salt-removing blind ditch in a U shape, the salt-removing blind ditch is filled with saltpeter.
Furthermore, one end of the salt discharge underdrain is connected with the hair ditch through a blind pipe. The length of the blind pipe can be selected according to actual conditions.
Furthermore, non-woven fabrics are arranged between the saltpeter layer and the raw soil buffer layer and between the saltpeter layer and the planting soil.
Further, the soil compost layer comprises a soil conditioner and planting soil, wherein the soil conditioner comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7-8% of calcium superphosphate, 1-4% of fulvic acid, 8-10% of furfural residue and 75-85% of wormcast, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
Preparing a soil conditioner according to the components according to actual conditions, uniformly stirring and mixing the soil conditioner and the planting soil according to actual use conditions, and backfilling the mixture into the planting holes to form a soil compost layer.
Furthermore, the surface evaporation control and salt suppression system is a plastic film covering the surface of the planting hole.
Further, the depth of the salt-removing underdrain is 0.15m, the thickness of the raw soil buffer layer is 0.2m, the thickness of the saltpeter layer is 0.1m, the thickness of the planting soil layer is 0.35m, and the thickness of the soil compost layer is 0.3 m.
The invention also comprises an in-situ three-dimensional afforestation method for the coastal saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
(1) positioning;
(2) excavating a planting groove and discharging salt underdrains: excavating a salt-removing underdrain along the center of the bottom of the tank after excavating the planting tank, wherein the salt-removing underdrain has a certain inclined slope;
(3) excavating a hair ditch, wherein the hair ditch is connected with a salt-removing blind ditch through a blind pipe, and the salt-removing blind ditch inclines downwards towards the hair ditch;
(4) laying and backfilling a salt-removing blind ditch: laying non-woven fabrics in the salt-removing blind ditch, backfilling saltpeter, burying one end of a blind pipe in the saltpeter, extending the other end of the blind pipe to be communicated with the capillary ditch, and backfilling raw soil to be flush with the surface of the raw soil after laying the non-woven fabrics on the backfilled saltpeter;
(5) positioning the tree pit and laying a tree pit salt isolation system: after positioning the tree pit, excavating the tree pit, paving a saltpeter layer at the bottom of the tree pit, paving non-woven fabrics on the upper surface and the lower surface of the saltpeter layer, paving a salt separation film on the inner wall of the tree pit, and backfilling planting soil with a certain thickness into the tree pit;
(6) soil fertilization: filling the tree pits with the uniformly mixed soil conditioner and planting soil, and leveling the land; the soil conditioner comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7-8% of calcium superphosphate, 1-4% of fulvic acid, 8-10% of furfural residue and 75-85% of wormcast, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
(7) controlling evaporation and inhibiting salt on the earth surface: after planting in the tree holes, the earth surface is covered on the whole tree holes on the earth surface to inhibit the evaporation of the earth surface and prevent the salt return of the soil.
Further, in the step (2), the depth of the salt discharge underdrain is 0.15m, and the width of the salt discharge underdrain is 0.25 m; in the step (3), the slope of the salt discharge underdrain towards the hair ditch is reduced to 3 per thousand; in the step (5), the thickness of the saltpeter layer is 0.1m, the vertical distance from the bottom of the saltpeter layer to the salt-removing underdrain is 0.2m, and the thickness of the planting soil is 0.35 m; in the step (6), the tree pit is filled with the uniformly mixed soil conditioner and planting soil, and the thickness of the soil conditioner and the planting soil is 0.3 m; in the step (7), the evaporation of the ground surface is inhibited by covering the whole row of the tree pits on the ground surface in a mode that a plastic film is paved with the plants planted in the tree pits as the center and with two strip-shaped sides.
Compared with the prior art, the in-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure and method for the coastal saline-alkali soil have the following advantages:
(1) the coastal saline-alkali soil in-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure and the method realize the re-greening of the saline-alkali soil through the compound improvement of the pit micro-area grooving. The three-dimensional afforestation technology of combining bottom grooving and planting hole micro-area soil replacement is utilized, so that the amount of earthwork required by greening engineering is effectively reduced, and the purposes of saving cost and efficiently treating saline-alkali soil are achieved.
(2) The coastal saline-alkali soil in-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure and the method realize soil water and salt regulation and control through comprehensive measures of planting holes. Based on the compound regulation and control of salt separation in the holes, water drainage under the holes and earth surface film covering, the water and salt ascending of soil is effectively prevented and controlled, the salt leached on the upper layer is drained out of the soil body in time, a good water and salt environment is provided for plant growth, and the survival rate of the plants is guaranteed.
(3) The in-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure and method for the coastal saline-alkali soil can realize multiple targets of saline-alkali obstacle reduction, soil fertility improvement and greening synergistic interaction. In the saline-alkali soil afforestation engineering, factors such as water, salt, fertilizer, soil and the like are regarded as a whole to be planned comprehensively, a coastal saline-alkali soil afforestation optimization operation technology integrating four functions of surface evaporation control, salt suppression, underground water level control, planting hole groove salt discharge and soil fertilization is provided, and the synergistic effect of water and salt regulation, fertilization and soil improvement and afforestation is realized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an in-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure for a coastal saline-alkali soil according to example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view in another direction of the in-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure for the coastal saline-alkali soil of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a plot of the effect of soil conditioner on soil salt rejection at various fulvic acid application rates as described in the soil conditioner component and dosage rationality test section;
fig. 4 is a test part of the rationality of components and dosage of the soil conditioner, and the influence of the soil conditioner on the soil desalination rate under different wormcast application rates is shown in the test part.
Description of reference numerals:
1-planting holes; 2-furrows; 3-salt-removing underdrain; 4-original soil buffer layer; 5-saltpeter layer; 6-planting soil layer; 7-soil fertility layer; 8-a surface evaporation and salt suppression system; 9-salt-separating membrane; 10-blind pipe.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise, technical terms used in the following examples have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. The test reagents used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional biochemical reagents; the experimental methods are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples and accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the coastal saline-alkali land in-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure comprises a planting hole 1 and a mao ditch 2, wherein the planting hole 1 is internally provided with a salt-removing blind ditch 3, an original soil buffer layer 4, a rock and nitrate layer 5, a planting soil layer 6, a soil fertility layer 7 and a surface evaporation and salt suppression system 8 from bottom to top in sequence;
wherein, the depth of the salt-removing blind ditch 3 is 0.15m, the width is 0.25m, the salt-removing blind ditch is arranged along the center of the bottom of the planting hole 1, the slope of the salt-removing blind ditch 3 towards the direction of the furrows 2 is 3 per thousand, so as to ensure that the salt leached from the upper soil to the salt-removing blind ditch 3 can be smoothly discharged into the furrows 2. The salt-removing blind drain 3 is filled with saltpeter, non-woven fabrics are laid between the salt-removing blind drain 3 and the filled saltpeter and on the upper surface of the filled saltpeter, and the specification of the non-woven fabrics is 20g/m2. The salt-removing blind ditch 3 and the hair ditch 2 are connected by a blind pipe 10, the diameter of the blind pipe 10 is about 6cm, the length is 1-1.5 m, one end of the blind pipe 10 is inserted into the saltpeter of the salt-removing blind ditch 3, the other end extends into the hair ditch 2, and the length extending into the hair ditch 2 is about 0.5 m. The furrows 2 are inverted trapezoids, the lower width of the furrows is 0.75m, the upper width of the original soil surface is 2.3m, the depth of the furrows is 1.3m, and the furrows are used for discharging salt leached from the upper soil body. The raw soil buffer layer 4 with the thickness of 20cm is arranged above the salt-removing blind drain 3, and the raw soil buffer layer 4 plays a buffer role between the salt-removing blind drain 3 and an upper layer structure (which can be called a tree pit part) of the raw soil buffer layer 4, so that excessive loss of water in an upper layer soil body is avoided.
The rock saltpeter layer 5 is arranged on the raw soil buffer layer 4, the thickness of the rock saltpeter layer 5 is 0.1m, the upper surface and the lower surface of the rock saltpeter layer 5 are both covered with non-woven fabrics, and the specification of the non-woven fabrics is 20g/m2The stone nitrate layer 5 can promote soil salt in the tree pit to drip downwards, cut off the action of soil capillary and prevent the soil from returning salt. The inner side wall of the tree pit is provided with a salt separation film 9, and the salt separation film 9 can be a plastic film, so that the lateral salt return of soil can be isolated, and the harm of soil seasonal water salt migration to plant growth can be effectively reduced; and a planting soil layer 6 with the thickness of 0.35m is arranged on the saltpeter layer 5.
The soil fertility layer 7 is formed by uniformly mixing a soil conditioner and planting soil and then filling the mixture on the planting soil layer 6Wherein the soil conditioner is calculated according to the volume of the pit to be filled, such as the volume of the pit to be filled is 0.18m3Then 6kg of soil conditioner is used, the rest is planting soil, and the mixture is evenly mixed and filled into the planting soil layer 6 of the tree pit until the mixture is level with the original soil. The soil conditioner comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7-8% of calcium superphosphate, 1-4% of fulvic acid, 8-10% of furfural residue and 75-85% of wormcast, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
The surface salt evaporation and inhibition system 8 is a plastic film covering the surface of the planting hole 1, after planting in the tree hole, the whole row of tree holes are arranged on the surface of the ground, the plant planted in the tree hole is used as the center, the plastic film is laid on two sides of the tree hole in a strip shape, and the plastic film can be a black plastic film with the width of 60 cm.
Performance testing
1. Soil desalination rate and tree survival rate experiment
The Tianjin coastal area is a typical area for the salinization and development of coastal soil in China. The test of the technology of the invention is located in the three-standard section of the construction project of the green barrier between the Jinnan district of Tianjin city. The average salt content of the soil of the test field is 8.61g/kg, and the soil belongs to moderately severe saline-alkali soil. A cell test with a total area of 15 mu is carried out in a project test area in 2019, 3 months to 2019, 12 months, and the technical scheme (example 2) of the invention is compared with the traditional afforestation technology. The tree species planted in the test area and the control area are golden leaf elms.
Example 2
(1) Positioning: and (4) carrying out operation path paying-off, area paying-off, capillary channel paying-off and salt-removing blind ditch paying-off in the planned greening area, and determining the accurate positions of blind ditches and salt-removing blind ditches in the afforestation process.
(2) Excavating a planting groove and discharging salt underdrains: excavating planting grooves with the depth of 0.95m, wherein the distance between the central lines of the adjacent planting grooves is 3m, excavating salt-removing underdrains with the depth of 0.15m and the width of 0.25m along the center of the bottom of the planting grooves, and the salt-removing underdrains have certain inclined slopes;
(3) excavating a hair ditch: the furrows are inverted trapezoids, the lower width is 0.75m, the upper portion of the original soil surface is 2.3m, and the depth is 1.3 m. The furrows are connected with the salt-removing furrows by blind pipes with the length of 1.5-2.0m, and the slope of the salt-removing furrows towards the furrows is reduced to 3 per thousand;
(4) laying and backfilling a salt-removing blind ditch: laying non-woven fabrics in a U shape in the salt-removing blind ditch, wherein the specification of the non-woven fabrics is 20g/m2Filling stone nitrate with the thickness of 0.15m, burying one end of the blind pipe in the stone nitrate, extending the other end of the blind pipe to be communicated with the capillary, and filling the original soil to be flush with the original soil surface after laying non-woven fabrics on the filled stone nitrate;
(5) the tree pit positioning and tree pit salt isolation system laying comprises placing land, paying out tree pits according to 3m × 3m row and column, marking test cell, positioning tree pits, excavating tree pits with width of 0.8m and depth of 0.65m, laying rock and saltpeter layer with thickness of 0.1m at the bottom of the tree pits, and laying non-woven fabrics (specification of 20 g/m) on the upper and lower surfaces of the rock and saltpeter layer2) Laying salt-separating film on the inner wall of the tree pit, and backfilling planting soil with thickness of 0.35m into the tree pit;
(6) soil fertilization: each tree pit (in 0.18 m)3Metering) 6kg of soil conditioner is applied, the soil conditioner is firstly mixed with planting soil uniformly and then is filled into tree pits, and land leveling is carried out; the soil conditioner comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8% of calcium superphosphate, 3% of fulvic acid, 9% of furfural residue and 80% of wormcast;
(7) planting seedlings: planting the golden leaf elm, the specification of which is about 5cm of breast diameter. And further reinforcing the trees by adopting a door-shaped support or a triangular support after transplanting. Building a water ring by using planting soil, and then watering and performing subsequent maintenance;
(8) controlling evaporation and inhibiting salt on the earth surface: after planting, taking the tree pit as the center, covering the whole row of tree pits on the ground surface by adopting a plastic film with the width of 60cm, and respectively laying a layer on each side in a strip shape.
(9) Monitoring the plant growth process: the tree survival rate statistics and the salt content change of the soil at different levels are included.
The test results obtained by the technical scheme (example 2) of the invention are compared and analyzed with the results of conventional afforestation technologies such as cow dung doped mountain leather sand, tree pit salt separation (stone nitrate layer and salt separation film), drainage of a stone nitrate drench layer at the lower part of a tree pit and the like. The results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 desalination rate of 0-60cm soil under different technical schemes
Figure BDA0002615064010000091
Table 1 shows the salt rejection of 0-60cm of soil under different technical schemes. Compared with the conventional technical scheme, the whole desalting of the soil body with the thickness of 0-60cm by adopting the technical scheme of the invention can reach 75.69 percent, thereby ensuring that the activity range of the root system of the ulmus pumila is in a good habitat. Further analysis shows that the salt content of the soil of 0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm is obviously reduced under the measures of the technical scheme compared with other technical schemes, and the salt content of the soil is 78.67%, 80.87% and 67.52% respectively.
TABLE 2 statistics of survival rate of Ulmus pumila under different technical schemes
Figure BDA0002615064010000092
Figure BDA0002615064010000101
As can be seen from Table 2, the survival rate of the ulmus pumila in the test area adopting the technical scheme can reach 98.12%.
2. Rationality testing of soil conditioner components and amounts
In order to illustrate the reasonability of the components and the dosage of the planting hole soil conditioner in the technical scheme, core components of fulvic acid and wormcast in the conditioner are selected to be subjected to dosage gradient tests respectively. The test is located in the three-standard section of the green barrier construction project between the two Jinnan areas of Tianjin city. The average salt content of the soil of the test field is 8.61g/kg, and the soil belongs to moderately severe saline-alkali soil. A plot test with the total area of 5400m2 is carried out in a project test area in 3 months to 12 months in 2019, and the regulation and control effects and the optimal dosage of the added fulvic acid and wormcast on the saline-alkali soil are compared. The tree species planted in the test area are golden leaf elms.
The main implementation links are as follows (salt-removing underdrains, hair ditches and a surface evaporation control and salt suppression system are not arranged):
(1) positioning: and (4) carrying out operation path paying-off, regional paying-off, capillary channel paying-off and salt-removing blind channel paying-off in a planned greening area, and determining the accurate position of a blind channel in the forestation process.
(2) Excavating a planting groove: excavating planting grooves, wherein the depth of each planting groove is 0.95m, and the distance between central lines of adjacent planting grooves is 3 m;
(3) the tree pit positioning and tree pit salt isolation system laying comprises placing land, paying out tree pits according to 3m × 3m row and column, marking test cell, positioning tree pits, excavating tree pits with width of 0.8m and depth of 0.65m, laying rock and saltpeter layer with thickness of 0.1m at the bottom of the tree pits, and laying non-woven fabrics (specification of 20 g/m) on the upper and lower surfaces of the rock and saltpeter layer2) Laying salt-separating film on the inner wall of the tree pit, and backfilling planting soil with thickness of 0.35m into the tree pit;
(4) soil fertilization: each tree pit (in 0.18 m)3Metering) 6kg of soil conditioner is applied, the soil conditioner is firstly mixed with planting soil uniformly and then is filled into tree pits, and land leveling is carried out;
a. under the condition that the application amounts of calcium superphosphate, furfural residues and wormcast in the soil conditioner (same as example 2) are not changed, the application amounts of fulvic acid are set to be 80, 160 and 320 g/pit, and the corresponding mass percentages are respectively 1.8%, 3.5% and 6.8%;
b. under the condition that the application amounts of the calcium superphosphate, the furfural residue and the fulvic acid in the soil conditioner are not changed (same as the example 1), the application amounts of the wormcast are set to be 0, 0.0025, 0.005, 0.0075 and 0.01m3The weight percentage of the plant/pit is 0 percent, 58 percent, 73 percent, 81 percent and 85 percent, namely 0, 1.67, 3.34, 5.00 and 6.67 kg/pit.
(5) Planting seedlings: planting the golden leaf elm, the specification of which is about 5cm of breast diameter. And further reinforcing the trees by adopting a door-shaped support or a triangular support after transplanting. Building a water ring by using planting soil, and then watering and performing subsequent maintenance;
(6) monitoring the plant growth process: the salt content of different levels of soil varies.
In the practice of saline-alkali soil remediation, the 0-60cm soil desalination rate is an important index for measuring the salt reduction effect of the soil conditioner. The higher the salt removal rate of the soil from the surface layer to the deep layer is, the more remarkable the salt reduction effect of the conditioner is.
The test results show that: as can be seen from fig. 3, when the application amount of the fulvic acid is 80-160 g/tree pit, the salt content of the surface soil can be reduced to less than 2 per thousand, and the whole soil desalting effect is obvious when the soil is 0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60 cm.
As shown in FIG. 4, compared with the control, the application of earthworm dung can effectively promote soil desalination, the salt content of the soil with different levels can be reduced to less than 4 per thousand, and the desalination effect of the soil with the thickness of 0-20cm is most remarkable. Wherein the application amount of the wormcast is 0.0075m3In the case of tree pits, the plant pit has good regulation and control effect on the whole soil structure of 0-60cm, and the desalination rates of the soil of 0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm are respectively 51.03%, 62.71% and 41.34%. Along with the increase of the application amount in engineering practice, the wormcast is beneficial to leaching salt to a deep soil body, the integral desalting effect of the soil is improved, and the fertilizing and improving effect of the saline-alkali soil is gradually enhanced. But considering the limit of engineering cost, the application amount of the wormcast is not less than 0.0075m3About the tree acupoints.
In conclusion, the core components of the soil conditioner, namely fulvic acid and wormcast, in the tree pit fertilizing system have good effects on regulating and controlling the saline-alkali soil, and the optimal application amount is fulvic acid: 80-160g of wormcast per tree pit, not less than 0.0075m3 per tree pit (5kg per tree pit), and the mass percent of wormcast in the soil conditioner is as follows: 1-4% of fulvic acid and 80% of wormcast.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (10)

1. The in-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure for the coastal saline-alkali soil is characterized in that: the soil cultivation device comprises a planting hole (1) and a capillary ditch (2), wherein a salt-removing blind ditch (3), an original soil buffer layer (4), a saltpeter layer (5), a planting soil layer (6), a soil compost layer (7) and a surface evaporation salt-inhibiting system (8) are sequentially arranged in the planting hole (1) from bottom to top, and a salt-separating membrane (9) is arranged above the saltpeter layer (6) and around the inner side wall of the planting hole (1); one end of the salt discharge underdrain (3) is communicated with the hair ditch (2).
2. The coastal saline-alkali soil in-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure according to claim 1, wherein: the slope of the salt-removing underdrain (3) towards the hair ditch (2) is 3 per mill.
3. The coastal saline-alkali soil in-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure according to claim 2, wherein: the salt-removing blind drain (3) is filled with saltpeter, and non-woven fabrics are arranged between the salt-removing blind drain (3) and the filled saltpeter and on the upper surface of the filled saltpeter.
4. The coastal saline-alkali soil in-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure according to claim 3, wherein: one end of the salt-removing underdrain (3) is connected with the hair ditch (2) through a blind pipe (10).
5. The coastal saline-alkali soil in-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure according to claim 1, wherein: the soil-water-based organic fertilizer is characterized in that non-woven fabrics are arranged between the stone nitrate layer (5) and the raw soil buffer layer (4) and between the stone nitrate layer (5) and the planting soil layer (6).
6. The coastal saline-alkali soil in-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure according to claim 1, wherein: the soil compost layer (7) comprises a soil conditioner and planting soil, wherein the soil conditioner comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7-8% of calcium superphosphate, 1-4% of fulvic acid, 8-10% of furfural residue and 75-85% of wormcast, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
7. The coastal saline-alkali soil in-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure according to claim 1, wherein: the surface evaporation and salt suppression system (8) is a plastic film covering the surface of the planting hole (1).
8. The coastal saline-alkali soil in-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the depth of the salt-removing underdrain (3) is 0.15m, the thickness of the raw soil buffer layer (4) is 0.2m, the thickness of the saltpeter layer (5) is 0.1m, the thickness of the planting soil layer (6) is 0.35m, and the thickness of the soil compost layer (7) is 0.3 m.
9. An in-situ three-dimensional afforestation method for coastal saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) positioning;
(2) excavating a planting groove and discharging salt underdrains: excavating a salt-removing underdrain along the center of the bottom of the tank after excavating the planting tank, wherein the salt-removing underdrain has a certain inclined slope;
(3) excavating a hair ditch, wherein the hair ditch is connected with a salt-removing blind ditch through a blind pipe, and the salt-removing blind ditch inclines downwards towards the hair ditch;
(4) laying and backfilling a salt-removing blind ditch: laying non-woven fabrics in the salt-removing blind ditch, backfilling saltpeter, burying one end of a blind pipe in the saltpeter, extending the other end of the blind pipe to be communicated with the capillary ditch, and backfilling raw soil to be flush with the surface of the raw soil after laying the non-woven fabrics on the backfilled saltpeter;
(5) positioning the tree pit and laying a tree pit salt isolation system: after positioning the tree pit, excavating the tree pit, paving a saltpeter layer at the bottom of the tree pit, paving non-woven fabrics on the upper surface and the lower surface of the saltpeter layer, paving a salt separation film on the inner wall of the tree pit, and backfilling planting soil with a certain thickness into the tree pit;
(6) soil fertilization: filling the tree pits with the uniformly mixed soil conditioner and planting soil, and leveling the land; the soil conditioner comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7-8% of calcium superphosphate, 1-4% of fulvic acid, 8-10% of furfural residue and 75-85% of wormcast, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
(7) controlling evaporation and inhibiting salt on the earth surface: after planting in the tree holes, the earth surface is covered on the whole tree holes on the earth surface to inhibit the evaporation of the earth surface and prevent the salt return of the soil.
10. The method of in-situ three-dimensional afforestation on coastal saline-alkali soil according to claim 9, wherein: in the step (2), the depth of the salt discharge underdrain is 0.15m, and the width of the salt discharge underdrain is 0.25 m; in the step (3), the slope of the salt discharge underdrain towards the hair ditch is reduced to 3 per thousand; in the step (5), the thickness of the saltpeter layer is 0.1m, the vertical distance from the bottom of the saltpeter layer to the salt-removing underdrain is 0.2m, and the thickness of the planting soil is 0.35 m; in the step (6), the tree pit is filled with the uniformly mixed soil conditioner and planting soil, and the thickness of the soil conditioner and the planting soil is 0.3 m; in the step (7), the evaporation of the ground surface is inhibited by covering the whole row of the tree pits on the ground surface in a mode that a plastic film is paved with the plants planted in the tree pits as the center and with two strip-shaped sides.
CN202010767010.3A 2020-08-03 2020-08-03 In-situ three-dimensional afforestation structure and method for coastal saline-alkali soil Pending CN111758324A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112166730A (en) * 2020-11-02 2021-01-05 青岛农业大学 Inverted convex planting ditch for saline-alkali soil and construction method and application thereof
CN114097596A (en) * 2021-12-29 2022-03-01 河北健加乐鸭业有限公司 Method for planting vegetables in saline-alkali soil by utilizing nutrient medium

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112166730A (en) * 2020-11-02 2021-01-05 青岛农业大学 Inverted convex planting ditch for saline-alkali soil and construction method and application thereof
CN114097596A (en) * 2021-12-29 2022-03-01 河北健加乐鸭业有限公司 Method for planting vegetables in saline-alkali soil by utilizing nutrient medium

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