CN104429214B - One engineering-chemistry-desalination water-saving technology preliminary transformation salinity ground method - Google Patents
One engineering-chemistry-desalination water-saving technology preliminary transformation salinity ground method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses one engineering-chemistry-desalination water-saving technology preliminary transformation salinity ground method, comprise following step: S1, progressively reduced the salt content of soil in pending salt-soda soil by engineering measure, isolate and discharge the soluble-salt in soil; S2, utilize technique of desalinating saline water to the water resources rational use in pending salt-soda soil; S3, water saving irrigating technology is utilized rationally to water pending salt-soda soil; S4, chemical measure is utilized to improve described pending salt-soda soil chemical composition.The present invention can carry out preliminary improvement work to the salt-soda soil of coastal region, and the time is short, effective.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the modification method in salt-soda soil, be specifically related to a kind ofly gather salt-soda soil engineering, biotechnology, chemical technology, technique of desalinating saline water, water saving irrigating technology and information technology and the synthesis improvement method carried out salt-soda soil.
Background technology
Going from bad to worse along with ecological environment, the salinization of soil is just with unprecedented speed expanded.Therefore, reasonably utilizing salt-soda soil, thoroughly improve salt-soda soil, cultivate anti-Soiline-alkali plants kind will be following developing direction.
With regard to China, total number of people reaches 1,300,000,000 more than, and total area under cultivation is less than 2,000,000,000 mu, but the salt-soda soil gross area reaches 20.45 hundred million mu, and its area constantly expands; The per capita arable land of China and freshwater resources are all well below world average level, and in modernization, arable land atrophy, fresh water pollution, seawater invasion threaten the sustainable development of China's agricultural further, thus in the urgent need to developing the vast salt-soda soil of China.
At present, the distribution in China salt-soda soil is as follows:
1. Northwest inland RS in Alkali Region: comprise Xinjiang most area, the Caidamu Basin in Qinghai, the Hexi Corridor in Gansu and Western Inner Mongolia.
2. the semiarid RS in Alkali Region of Upper-middle Reaches of The Yellow River: comprise Qinghai, In Eastern Gansu, Ningxia, the Hetao area of Inner Mongol and Shaanxi, the valley plain in Shanxi.
3. RS in Alkali Region, Huang-Huai-Hai plain arid and semi-arid depression: comprise Lower Reaches of The Yellow River, Haihe Plain, the Plain of Huanghua Area, extend across Beijing-Tianjin Hebei, Shandong and Henan and Wan Bei northern Suzhou former.
4. moistening semiarid low-lying RS in Alkali Region, northeast half: comprise song-Nen plain, basin, the west of Liaoning, the Three River Plain and Hulunbeier area.
5. coastal half moistening RS in Alkali Region: comprise East China, south China and coastal area, the north of the Changjiang River.
The environment of each RS in Alkali Region is different, and the emphasis of therefore administering is also not too identical.For coastal half moistening RS in Alkali Region (also known as beach saline land), the main feature of beach saline land: be containing more water soluble salt or alkaline matter.Due to the accumulation of salinity a large amount of in soil, cause the deterioration of a series of soil physical property in salt-soda soil; Or clayey saline-alkali soil: structure viscous, aeration is bad, and unit weight is high, and soil temperature rises slow, and in soil, aerobic microorganism activity is poor, and nutrients release is slow, and infiltration coefficient is low, and capillarity is strong.Or sandy saline-alkali soil: field capacity and soil fertility low, it is very high that salinity is extracted in soil saturation, and it is serious that soil evaporation causes the native salinity of table to assemble.
And beach saline land exists following difficulty in treatment: 1) due to the impact being subject to seawater jacking and pour in down a chimney, level of ground water is difficult to control; 2) land formed and the land reclamation age short, soil alkaline degree is serious; 3) Pedotransfer function is serious; 4) lack freshwater resources, the row's of flushing brine source is not enough; 5) soil gleying effect is strong, and water physics proterties is severe; 6) to be rich in nutrient less for soil, and organic fertilizer resource is not enough.
To traditional modification method in above salt-soda soil, mainly contain following several:
1. physically improved: mainly to salt-soda soil ground grading, deep ploughing is suned the earth which has been ploughed up, loosens the soil in time, is raised landform, microcell is improved the soil, and can accelerate to drench salt, prevents the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, enhancing keeping soil water ability, improves soil texture and nutrient situation.But this mode quantities is large, costly, need just can reach the object that salt reduction changes alkali for a long time, take effect slow.
2, washing salinity by irrigation.Utilize a large amount of fresh water to irrigate salt-soda soil, make the salinity in salt-soda soil be dissolved in water, then dig trenches to drain the water away, salinity is taken away, thus reduce the salt content of soil.This mode is difficult to realize, because first coastal region fresh water Data scarce, it is high to be used for salt discharge cost; And when irrigating, fresh water can permeate the ground, and is only to be washed off by one deck salinity on earth's surface, is still not suitable for planting plants.
3, chemical fertilizer improvement.In salt-soda soil, use a large amount of organic and inorganic chemical fertilizer, the pH in salt-soda soil is adjusted, until salt-soda soil is applicable to plant growth.But also there is defect clearly in this mode: be easy to cause the secondary of soil to harden, and saline and alkaline make a false countercharge serious.
4, biological modification.Mainly utilize Soiline-alkali plants and microbial manure improvement saline-alkali soil.The green manure of plantation salt tolerant and herbage, as sesbania, daghestan sweet clover, alfalfa etc., have positive role to reclamation of saline soil.This mode can reduce greening cost, accelerates greening speed, improves landscaping effect.Biological modification, invests minimum, but higher to the requirement of salt-tolerant plant, must know quite well, and biological modification often takes effect slow to halophytes Mechanisms of Salt Resistance.
Therefore, adopt the administration way that tradition is single, effect is not ideal enough, and owing to there is serious mutual restricting relation between each mode, simple single for tradition administration way is carried out comprehensive only can play waste time and energy, take effect extremely slow effect, even likely aggravates the degree in salt-soda soil (when such as, chemical fertilizer improvement conflicts mutually with biological modification, likely cause biological death, the salinity of absorption reenters in soil; Physically improved when conflicting mutually with washing salinity by irrigation, likely cause the level of ground water in salt-soda soil to promote, occur the phenomenon of inwelling).Also Just because of this, various means are integrated salt-soda soil is processed, there is a lot of technical barrier.
Especially, for the process in coastal region salt-soda soil, its process in early stage is very crucial.This is because coastal region is in coastal area, be easy to occur level of ground water lifting, inwelling, saline and alkaline phenomenon of making a false countercharge.
The present invention is just intended to solve these technical barriers, designs the preliminary remodeling method of a kind of more suitable beach saline land.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide one engineering-chemistry-desalination water-saving technology preliminary transformation salinity ground method, and its comprehensive multiple technologies means, reasonably improve the salt-soda soil of coastal region, thus eliminates defect in above-mentioned background technology.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is:
One engineering-chemistry-desalination water-saving technology preliminary transformation salinity ground method, comprises following step:
S1, progressively reduced the salt content of soil in salt-soda soil by engineering measure, isolate and discharge the soluble-salt in soil
A, salt-soda soil periphery excavate motor-pumped well, and utilize water pump from described motor-pumped well by underground bitter extract out, make the underground bitter of surrounding constantly to the direction sidesway of described motor-pumped well, thus reduce the underground bitter water level in salt-soda soil;
B, subsurface layer in salt-soda soil lay salt discharge collector pipe network, and described salt discharge collector pipe network is made up of underground hidden pipe and collector pipe, and described underground hidden pipe is PVC bellows with holes, and caliber is 40-50cm; The tube wall of described underground hidden pipe offers pore, and described pore is beaten in the groove of bellows by laser-beam drilling machine, and pore presses 1-3cm pitch arrangement, and the diameter of described pore is 0.04-0.1cm; The surrounding of described underground hidden pipe is wrapped with filtrate, enters blocking underground hidden pipe in pipe to prevent powdery soil particle; The Lay interval 5-15 rice of described underground hidden pipe, the degree of depth on the soil layer surface in the distance from top salt-soda soil of underground hidden pipe is 80-180cm; The gradient that described underground hidden pipe forms 3-5 ° according to the routing of water drainage of salt-soda soil soil layer is laid, and end is unified connects described collector pipe;
C, utilize in the above-mentioned salt-soda soil of fresh water irrigation, form the water layer of certain depth on ground, the salinity in soil is fully dissolved, then to concentrate from described collector pipe from salt discharge collector pipe network discharge dissolving water salty, thus reduce the salt content of soil;
D, the dissolving water salty of discharging in the underground bitter extracted out from described motor-pumped well, collector pipe is focused in a tank;
S2, utilize technique of desalinating saline water to the water resources rational use in salt-soda soil
By the water filtration of centralized collection in tank described in step S1, and utilize bitter salt water desalting equipment to carry out desalinating process as the described fresh water use in step S1, it is made to meet irrigating plant needs, industrial chemicals is can be used as, for the production of chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals and Metallurgy Industry etc. after the remaining waste recovery of desalination process;
S3, water saving irrigating technology is utilized rationally to water salt-soda soil
Salt-soda soil is installed drip irrigation pipe, micro-nozzle and removable irrigation sprinkler, described drip irrigation pipe, micro-nozzle and removable irrigation sprinkler are all connected to the bitter salt water desalting equipment of described step S2, and utilize drip irrigation pipe, micro-nozzle and removable irrigation sprinkler to irrigate salt-soda soil, uninterruptedly irrigate 3-5 days continuously with the irrigation volume of 30 cubes/mu every day, then stop irrigation carrying out next step;
S4, chemical measure is utilized to improve salt-soda soil chemical composition
First, humic acid fertilizer is added in salt-soda soil, addition is 200-240kg/ mu, and described humic acid fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: biochemical fulvic acid 15-25 weight portion, water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer 6-10 weight portion, furfural dregs 20-30 weight portion, stalk 40-60 weight portion;
Then, in salt-soda soil, add chemically acid fertilizer, described chemically acid fertilizer select calcium fertilizer, comprise calcium superphosphate and nitric acid calcareous fertilisers, reduce P in soil H value, meanwhile, can physiological acidic fertilizer be executed, comprise ammonium sulfate and nitrophosphate fertilizer;
Finally, mineral chemical fertilizer is added in salt-soda soil, described mineral chemical fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: bentonite: 6-12 part weight portion, calcite: 20-30 weight portion, zeolite 20-30 weight portion, through pulverizing, screening, then 6-10 parts by weight of activated carbon is added, granulation forms, and addition is 50-100kg/ mu;
After above-mentioned fertilising step completes, utilize the pouring operation of step S3 to keep irrigation amount 20-30 cube/mu every day, continue 1-2 days.
Above-mentioned biochemical fulvic acid utilizes biotechnology with agricultural leftover bits and pieces (preferred corn, wheat, cotton stalk) for raw material, utilize different flora under low temperature, middle temperature and high temperature, multistage fermentation and the product generated, it measures effective content is fulvic acid 48%, amino acid 7.36%, also has other various active material.
Above-mentioned water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer can reduce phosphate fertilizer fixing in soil, and the phosphorus in activating soil and promotion root system, to the absorption of phosphorus, improve the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer.The absorption of strengthening calcium, magnesium and utilization, can well regulate crop to the Balance Absorption of the Different Nutrients such as N P and K.Meanwhile, water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer can activate beneficial microbe, improvement soil, promotes that fertilizer decomposes, suppresses soil germ.
Above-mentioned active carbon has suction-operated to mineral fertilizer ion, can play slow releasing function.
In the salt discharge collector pipe network of step S1, the caliber of described underground hidden pipe is 45cm.
In the salt discharge collector pipe network of step S1, the pore on the hidden pipe tube wall of described underground presses 2cm pitch arrangement, and the diameter of pore is 0.07cm.
In the salt discharge collector pipe network of step S1, described in the distance from top of described underground hidden pipe, the degree of depth on soil layer surface, salt-soda soil is 130cm.
Owing to have employed technique scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
One, alkali instant effect, effective is changed.After engineering construction, by controlling groundwater level, suppress the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil.Utilize irrigation and natural precipitation can make Soil Desalting within half a year.
Two, invest moderate, economical, ecological benefits are remarkable.The Huanghe delta is alluvial plain, major part soil is sand loam soil, loosely organized, comprehensive improvement technology replace avoiding after open drain because of row's ditch of pouring water and rainfall causes cave in every year, the problem of desilting every year, annual engineering management maintenance cost reduction by 80%.
Three, Economization on land, easy to maintenance, fundamentally solve perniciousness harm.Compared with comprehensive improvement technology arranges alkali with traditional open drain, a large amount of gutters is replaced by hidden pipe, and can increase arable land 8%-15%, land utilization ratio improves greatly.This technology has high-pressure washing equipment, rinses hidden pipe, can ensure that hidden pipe changes the permanently effective use of alkali facility every about 10 years with High-Pressure Water.Soakaway trench imbeds underground 0.6m-2.0m, not only drains the brackish water on upper strata, and has blocked the high underground water rising of salinity, thus has effected a radical cure the saline and alkaline harm to soil.
Four, mechanization, automaticity are high, large area can implement and promote.The mechanization of comprehensive improvement technology, automaticity are high, the ditching in work progress, put pipe, dressing, pipe laying once complete, under laser guidance, hidden pipe is laid on the natural gradient of underground in unified standard, construction precision and operating efficiency high.
Five, consolidation combines with construction of water conservancy works, and water-saving result is remarkable.Possess good filling pumping equipment, farmland water conservancy works that synchronized construction is perfect owing to changing alkali engineering, the ability of withstanding natural calamities improves greatly, but also rainwater-collecting is entered water treatment facilities be used for irrigate, achieve the saving of water resource and recycle.
In sum, comprehensive improvement technology is that the alkaline land improving of large area coastal region provides engineering proposal that is practical, economical and efficient.There is the salt-soda soil of 20.45 hundred million mu in China, transform as good farmland by comprehensive improvement engineering, the economic benefit of hundreds billion of unit can be obtained more every year.The improvement of coastal for south, along the lake, the riverine waterlogged lowland of comprehensive improvement system engineering also has good value.
Detailed description of the invention
The technological means realized to make the present invention, creation characteristic, reaching object and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, setting forth the present invention further.
Embodiment 1
One engineering-chemistry-desalination water-saving technology preliminary transformation salinity ground method, comprises following step:
S1, progressively reduced the salt content of soil in salt-soda soil by engineering measure, isolate and discharge the soluble-salt in soil
A, salt-soda soil periphery excavate motor-pumped well, and utilize water pump from described motor-pumped well by underground bitter extract out, make the underground bitter of surrounding constantly to the direction sidesway of described motor-pumped well, thus reduce the underground bitter water level in salt-soda soil;
B, subsurface layer in salt-soda soil lay salt discharge collector pipe network, and described salt discharge collector pipe network is made up of underground hidden pipe and collector pipe, and described underground hidden pipe is PVC bellows with holes, and caliber is 40cm; The tube wall of described underground hidden pipe offers pore, and described pore is beaten in the groove of bellows by laser-beam drilling machine, and pore presses 1cm pitch arrangement, and the diameter of described pore is 0.04cm; The surrounding of described underground hidden pipe is wrapped with filtrate, enters blocking underground hidden pipe in pipe to prevent powdery soil particle; The Lay interval of described underground hidden pipe 5 meters, the degree of depth on the soil layer surface in the distance from top salt-soda soil of underground hidden pipe is 80cm; The gradient that described underground hidden pipe forms 3 ° according to the routing of water drainage of salt-soda soil soil layer is laid, and end is unified connects described collector pipe;
C, utilize in the above-mentioned salt-soda soil of fresh water irrigation, form the water layer of certain depth on ground, the salinity in soil is fully dissolved, then to concentrate from described collector pipe from salt discharge collector pipe network discharge dissolving water salty, thus reduce the salt content of soil;
D, the dissolving water salty of discharging in the underground bitter extracted out from described motor-pumped well, collector pipe is focused in a tank;
S2, utilize technique of desalinating saline water to the water resources rational use in salt-soda soil
By the water filtration of centralized collection in tank described in step S1, and utilize bitter salt water desalting equipment to carry out desalinating process as the described fresh water use in step S1, it is made to meet irrigating plant needs, industrial chemicals is can be used as, for the production of chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals and Metallurgy Industry etc. after the remaining waste recovery of desalination process;
S3, water saving irrigating technology is utilized rationally to water salt-soda soil
Salt-soda soil is installed drip irrigation pipe, micro-nozzle and removable irrigation sprinkler, described drip irrigation pipe, micro-nozzle and removable irrigation sprinkler are all connected to the bitter salt water desalting equipment of described step S2, and utilize drip irrigation pipe, micro-nozzle and removable irrigation sprinkler to irrigate salt-soda soil, uninterruptedly irrigate 3 days continuously with the irrigation volume of 30 cubes/mu every day, then stop irrigation carrying out next step;
S4, chemical measure is utilized to improve salt-soda soil chemical composition
First, in salt-soda soil, add humic acid fertilizer, addition is 200kg/ mu, and described humic acid fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: biochemical fulvic acid 15 weight portion, water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer 6 weight portion, furfural dregs 20 weight portion, stalk 40 weight portion;
Then, in salt-soda soil, add chemically acid fertilizer, described chemically acid fertilizer select calcium fertilizer, comprise calcium superphosphate and nitric acid calcareous fertilisers, reduce P in soil H value, meanwhile, can physiological acidic fertilizer be executed, comprise ammonium sulfate and nitrophosphate fertilizer;
Finally, add mineral chemical fertilizer in salt-soda soil, described mineral chemical fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: bentonite: 6 weight portions, calcite: 20 weight portions, zeolite 20 weight portion, through pulverizing, screening, then add 6 parts by weight of activated carbon, granulation, addition is 50kg/ mu;
After above-mentioned fertilising step completes, utilize pouring operation maintenance irrigation amount every day 20 cubes/mu of step S3, continue 1 day.
Before alkaline land improving, soil salt content is more than 0.7%, pH value 8.6, and ammonium nitrogen 6.62mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 12.3mg/kg, available potassium 41.5mg/kg, the content of organic matter are 1%.
The content of organic matter is the fourth stage, and ammonium nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium are all in low-level, totally belongs to country's soil fertility level such as low grade; According in the marine solonchak in the salinization classification of China different regions, salt-soda soil belongs to severe salination; According to pH value, belong to alkaline earth.In a word, belong to that barren looseness of soil is easily washed away loss by rainwater etc. heavy salinizedly before alkaline land improving, irrigate rear surface of watering and easily cause and harden, and do not irrigate the earth's surface accumulation of salt in the surface soil after soil transpiration that do not rain, saline and alkaline raises on the contrary.
Just can by alkaline land improving to about 0.26% through short year, soil physico-chemical property has also obviously had improvement, its pH value reduces to 7.6, and ammonium nitrogen 11.7mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 30.2mg/kg, available potassium 54.4mg/kg, the content of organic matter are 4.3%.Fertile soil, does not harden, and later stage planting plants, does not occur phenomenon of making a false countercharge always.
Embodiment 2
One engineering-chemistry-desalination water-saving technology preliminary transformation salinity ground method, comprises following step:
S1, progressively reduced the salt content of soil in salt-soda soil by engineering measure, isolate and discharge the soluble-salt in soil
A, salt-soda soil periphery excavate motor-pumped well, and utilize water pump from described motor-pumped well by underground bitter extract out, make the underground bitter of surrounding constantly to the direction sidesway of described motor-pumped well, thus reduce the underground bitter water level in salt-soda soil;
B, subsurface layer in salt-soda soil lay salt discharge collector pipe network, and described salt discharge collector pipe network is made up of underground hidden pipe and collector pipe, and described underground hidden pipe is PVC bellows with holes, and caliber is 45cm; The tube wall of described underground hidden pipe offers pore, and described pore is beaten in the groove of bellows by laser-beam drilling machine, and pore presses 2cm pitch arrangement, and the diameter of described pore is 0.07cm; The surrounding of described underground hidden pipe is wrapped with filtrate, enters blocking underground hidden pipe in pipe to prevent powdery soil particle; The Lay interval of described underground hidden pipe 10 meters, the degree of depth on the soil layer surface in the distance from top salt-soda soil of underground hidden pipe is 140cm; The gradient that described underground hidden pipe forms 4 ° according to the routing of water drainage of salt-soda soil soil layer is laid, and end is unified connects described collector pipe;
C, utilize the above-mentioned salt-soda soil of fresh water irrigation, form the water layer of certain depth on ground, the salinity in soil is fully dissolved, then to concentrate from described collector pipe from salt discharge collector pipe network discharge dissolving water salty, thus reduce the salt content of soil;
D, the dissolving water salty of discharging in the underground bitter extracted out from described motor-pumped well, collector pipe is focused in a tank;
S2, utilize technique of desalinating saline water to the water resources rational use in salt-soda soil
By the water filtration of centralized collection in tank described in step S1, and utilize bitter salt water desalting equipment to carry out desalinating process as the described fresh water use in step S1, it is made to meet irrigating plant needs, industrial chemicals is can be used as, for the production of chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals and Metallurgy Industry etc. after the remaining waste recovery of desalination process;
S3, water saving irrigating technology is utilized rationally to water salt-soda soil
Salt-soda soil is installed drip irrigation pipe, micro-nozzle and removable irrigation sprinkler, described drip irrigation pipe, micro-nozzle and removable irrigation sprinkler are all connected to the bitter salt water desalting equipment of described step S2, and utilize drip irrigation pipe, micro-nozzle and removable irrigation sprinkler to irrigate salt-soda soil, uninterruptedly irrigate 5 days continuously with the irrigation volume of 30 cubes/mu every day, then stop irrigation carrying out next step;
S4, chemical measure is utilized to improve salt-soda soil chemical composition
First, in salt-soda soil, add humic acid fertilizer, addition is 220kg/ mu, and described humic acid fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: biochemical fulvic acid 20 weight portion, water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer 8 weight portion, furfural dregs 25 weight portion, stalk 50 weight portion;
Then, in salt-soda soil, add chemically acid fertilizer, described chemically acid fertilizer select calcium fertilizer, comprise calcium superphosphate, nitric acid calcareous fertilisers, reduce P in soil H value, meanwhile, can physiological acidic fertilizer be executed, comprise ammonium sulfate, nitrophosphate fertilizer;
Finally, add mineral chemical fertilizer in salt-soda soil, described mineral chemical fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: bentonite: 9 parts of weight portions, calcites: 25 weight portions, zeolite 25 weight portion, through pulverizing, screening, then add 8 parts by weight of activated carbon, granulation, addition is 80kg/ mu;
After above-mentioned fertilising step completes, utilize pouring operation maintenance irrigation amount every day 25 cubes/mu of step S3, continue 2 days.
Before alkaline land improving, soil salt content is more than 0.7%, pH value 8.6, and ammonium nitrogen 6.62mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 12.3mg/kg, available potassium 41.5mg/kg, the content of organic matter are 1%.
The content of organic matter is the fourth stage, and ammonium nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium are all in low-level, totally belongs to country's soil fertility level such as low grade; According in the marine solonchak in the salinization classification of China different regions, salt-soda soil belongs to severe salination; According to pH value, belong to alkaline earth.
In a word, before alkaline land improving, belong to that barren soil is very loose is easily washed away loss by rainwater etc. heavy salinizedly, irrigate rear surface of watering and easily cause and harden, and only will the accumulation of salt in the surface soil otherwise irrigate the earth's surface that not rain after soil transpiration, look a slice of Bai Cencen.
Just can by alkaline land improving to about 0.2% through short year, there is not phenomenon of making a false countercharge in later stage planting plants always.
Embodiment 3
One engineering-chemistry-desalination water-saving technology preliminary transformation salinity ground method, comprises following step:
S1, progressively reduced the salt content of soil in salt-soda soil by engineering measure, isolate and discharge the soluble-salt in soil
A, salt-soda soil periphery excavate motor-pumped well, and utilize water pump from described motor-pumped well by underground bitter extract out, make the underground bitter of surrounding constantly to the direction sidesway of described motor-pumped well, thus reduce the underground bitter water level in salt-soda soil;
B, subsurface layer in salt-soda soil lay salt discharge collector pipe network, and described salt discharge collector pipe network is made up of underground hidden pipe and collector pipe, and described underground hidden pipe is PVC bellows with holes, and caliber is 40-50cm; The tube wall of described underground hidden pipe offers pore, and described pore is beaten in the groove of bellows by laser-beam drilling machine, and pore presses 3cm pitch arrangement, and the diameter of described pore is 0.1cm; The surrounding of described underground hidden pipe is wrapped with filtrate, enters blocking underground hidden pipe in pipe to prevent powdery soil particle; The Lay interval of described underground hidden pipe 15 meters, the degree of depth on the soil layer surface in the distance from top salt-soda soil of underground hidden pipe is 180cm; The gradient that described underground hidden pipe forms 5 ° according to the routing of water drainage of salt-soda soil soil layer is laid, and end is unified connects described collector pipe;
C, utilize in the above-mentioned salt-soda soil of fresh water irrigation, form the water layer of certain depth on ground, the salinity in soil is fully dissolved, then to concentrate from described collector pipe from salt discharge collector pipe network discharge dissolving water salty, thus reduce the salt content of soil;
D, the dissolving water salty of discharging in the underground bitter extracted out from described motor-pumped well, collector pipe is focused in a tank;
S2, utilize technique of desalinating saline water to the water resources rational use in salt-soda soil
By the water filtration of centralized collection in tank described in step S1, and utilize bitter salt water desalting equipment to carry out desalinating process as the described fresh water use in step S1, it is made to meet irrigating plant needs, industrial chemicals is can be used as, for the production of chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals and Metallurgy Industry etc. after the remaining waste recovery of desalination process;
S3, water saving irrigating technology is utilized rationally to water salt-soda soil
Salt-soda soil is installed drip irrigation pipe, micro-nozzle and removable irrigation sprinkler, described drip irrigation pipe, micro-nozzle and removable irrigation sprinkler are all connected to the bitter salt water desalting equipment of described step S2, and utilize drip irrigation pipe, micro-nozzle and removable irrigation sprinkler to irrigate salt-soda soil, uninterruptedly irrigate 4 days continuously with the irrigation volume of 30 cubes/mu every day, then stop irrigation carrying out next step;
S4, chemical measure is utilized to improve salt-soda soil chemical composition
First, in salt-soda soil, add humic acid fertilizer, addition is 240kg/ mu, and described humic acid fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: biochemical fulvic acid 25 weight portion, water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer 10 weight portion, furfural dregs 30 weight portion, stalk 60 weight portion;
Then, in salt-soda soil, add chemically acid fertilizer, described chemically acid fertilizer select calcium fertilizer, comprise calcium superphosphate, nitric acid calcareous fertilisers, reduce P in soil H value, meanwhile, can physiological acidic fertilizer be executed, comprise ammonium sulfate, nitrophosphate fertilizer;
Finally, add mineral chemical fertilizer in salt-soda soil, described mineral chemical fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: bentonite 12 parts of weight portions, calcites: 30 weight portions, zeolite 30 weight portion, through pulverizing, screening, then add 10 parts by weight of activated carbon, granulation, addition is 100kg/ mu;
After above-mentioned fertilising step completes, utilize pouring operation maintenance irrigation amount every day 30 cubes/mu of step S3, continue 2 days.
Before alkaline land improving, soil salt content is more than 0.7%, pH value 8.6, and ammonium nitrogen 6.62mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 12.3mg/kg, available potassium 41.5mg/kg, the content of organic matter are 1%.
The content of organic matter is the fourth stage, and ammonium nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium are all in low-level, totally belongs to country's soil fertility level such as low grade; According in the marine solonchak in the salinization classification of China different regions, salt-soda soil belongs to severe salination; According to pH value, belong to alkaline earth.
In a word, before alkaline land improving, belong to that barren soil is very loose is easily washed away loss by rainwater etc. heavy salinizedly, irrigate rear surface of watering and easily cause and harden, and only will the accumulation of salt in the surface soil otherwise irrigate the earth's surface that not rain after soil transpiration, saline and alkaline raises on the contrary.
Just by alkaline land improving to about 0.28%, after planting common saline alkali tolerant plant, phenomenon of making a false countercharge can be there is not through short year.
Comparative example 1
Only adopt biological modification technology provided by the invention to carry out alkaline land improvement, concrete steps are:
First, salt-soda soil is planted euhalophyte Suaeda salsa, concrete cultivation and maintenance management step are:
The direct outdoor sowing of a, early March, flattens ground, removes stone, rubble, rubbish incidental, to be loosened on ground and rake with iron bamboo rake;
B, will to gather then and through the Suaeda salsa seed of specially treated, with after the liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 20min of 500mg/L before broadcasting, change Seed soaking 4h, every mu of ground kind of 2000g, open the dark shallow ridges of 1-2mm with sharp mouth hoe, line-spacing 15cm, evenly twist with the fingers with fine sand or the fine earth that sieves seed dressing and broadcast, gently sweep with broom, then compacting furrow face, spread straw screen or mat, then water permeable;
After within c, 3-4 days, emerging, furrow face be kept moistening, have a small amount of aphid to May and occur, suitably to be prevented and treated, need timely Nitrogen Top Dressing and phosphorus, potash fertilizer, according to 20kg/667m in seedling stage and florescence
2amount apply;
D, July Suaeda salsa namely start to bloom and carry out reproductive growth, until initial seed prematurity in August is first fetched earth before not being scattered, earth carries out the mensuration of the indexs such as salt content, Suaeda salsa is just allowed to continue normal growth if salt-soda soil does not reach less than 0.2%, until late October, when Suaeda salsa plant becomes red or yellow, more than 80% Grain Ripening can be gathered.General whole strain harvesting, airing, to sieve, removing branches and leaves, obtain seed, the Second Year spring proceeds Suaeda salsa planting seed again, until salt-soda soil salt content is about 0.2% time, just directly gathers in whole strain before August, initial seed prematurity was not scattered, complete stool removes, in case seed is scattered affect the plantation of later stage other plant kind;
If salt-soda soil salt content is when 0.2%-0.3%, just replant the sandy beach root of large-flowered skullcap, employing is buried rhizomatic mode and is planted, and soon, management method is as follows for turf speed and effect:
After a, August, Suaeda salsa removed, directly taked by the sandy beach root of large-flowered skullcap open country nursery in above-mentioned salt-soda soil of improveing through plantation Suaeda salsa, first clear up rubbish and wholely, then ground ploughed deeply rear iron bamboo rake Lou Ping, then becoming shallow ridges for subsequent use with line-spacing 20 centimetres of Lous that are as the criterion;
B, be one section by the root-like stock handled well with 4 joints, being as the criterion with spacing 15 centimetres is laid in whole good shallow ridges, then covers above the soil layer of one deck 2-5 cm thick, waters immediately;
About c, 15-20 days, seedling exposed native face, after the root of large-flowered skullcap normal growth of sandy beach, topdressed according to growing way, watered in real time according to ground dry and wet condition.
Before alkaline land improving, soil salt content is more than 0.7%, pH value 8.6, that is belongs to heavy salinizedly.Through sowing plantation Suaeda salsa after 2 years soil salt content reduce to about 0.3%, and then plant the sandy beach root of large-flowered skullcap and carry out covering ground, afforest normally.Though this kind of method does not have the phenomenon of making a false countercharge in later stage, but the time of experience is too of a specified duration, needs the time of at least three years just can reach desired afforestation effect.
Comparative example 2
The chemical measure in the present invention is only adopted to improve salt-soda soil
First, humic acid fertilizer is added in salt-soda soil, addition is 200-240kg/ mu, and described humic acid fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: biochemical fulvic acid 15-25 weight portion, water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer 6-10 weight portion, furfural dregs 20-30 weight portion, stalk 40-60 weight portion;
Then, in salt-soda soil, add chemically acid fertilizer according to the region pH value in step S4 large database concept, described chemically acid fertilizer select calcium fertilizer, comprise calcium superphosphate, nitric acid calcareous fertilisers, reduce P in soil H value, simultaneously, can physiological acidic fertilizer be executed, comprise ammonium sulfate, nitrophosphate fertilizer;
Finally, mineral chemical fertilizer is added in salt-soda soil, described mineral chemical fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: bentonite: 6-12 part weight portion, calcite: 20-30 weight portion, zeolite 20-30 weight portion, through pulverizing, screening, then 6-10 parts by weight of activated carbon is added, granulation, addition is 50-100kg/ mu;
After above-mentioned fertilising step completes, utilize the pouring operation of step S3 to keep irrigation amount 20-30 cube/mu every day, continue 1-2 days, and then utilize the detection operation of step S4 to carry out region detection to salt-soda soil, ensure the region consistency in whole salt-soda soil, stability;
Before alkaline land improving, soil salt content is more than 0.7%, pH value 8.6, and ammonium nitrogen 6.62mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 12.3mg/kg, available potassium 41.5mg/kg, the content of organic matter are 1%.
After above improvement steps, described in treat improvement soil salt content be down to about 0.4% fast, pH value about 7.9, ammonium nitrogen 9.4mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 22.1mg/kg, available potassium 50.7mg/kg, the content of organic matter are about 4%.But phenomenon of making a false countercharge appears in this kind of method later stage, as the effective ways thoroughly improveing soil, can not be suitable in conjunction with biological modification and other measures.
Comparative example 3
Reduce the salt content of soil in salt-soda soil only by engineering measure of the present invention, concrete steps are as follows:
A, salt-soda soil periphery excavate motor-pumped well, and utilize water pump from described motor-pumped well by underground bitter extract out, make the underground bitter of surrounding constantly to the direction sidesway of described motor-pumped well, thus reduce the underground bitter water level in salt-soda soil;
B, subsurface layer in salt-soda soil lay salt discharge collector pipe network, and described salt discharge collector pipe network is made up of underground hidden pipe and collector pipe, and described underground hidden pipe is PVC bellows with holes, and caliber is 40-50cm; The tube wall of described underground hidden pipe offers pore, and described pore is beaten in the groove of bellows by laser-beam drilling machine, and pore presses 1-3cm pitch arrangement, and the diameter of described pore is 0.04-0.1cm; The surrounding of described underground hidden pipe is wrapped with filtrate, enters blocking underground hidden pipe in pipe to prevent powdery soil particle; The Lay interval 5-15 rice of described underground hidden pipe, the degree of depth on the soil layer surface in the distance from top salt-soda soil of underground hidden pipe is 80-180cm; The gradient that described underground hidden pipe forms 3-5 ° according to the routing of water drainage of salt-soda soil soil layer is laid, and end is unified connects described collector pipe;
C, utilize in the above-mentioned salt-soda soil of fresh water irrigation, form the water layer of certain depth on ground, the salinity in soil is fully dissolved, then to concentrate from described collector pipe from salt discharge collector pipe network discharge dissolving water salty, thus reduce the salt content of soil;
Before alkaline land improving, soil salt content is more than 0.7%, pH value more than 8.6, that is belongs to heavy salinizedly.After above improvement steps, when fresh water irrigation comparatively fully or rainwater is more sufficient, described in treat that improvement soil salt content can be down to about 0.35% fast, pH value is down to about 7.7.But this kind of method has stronger dependence to freshwater resources and the later stage easily occurs phenomenon of making a false countercharge, as the effective ways of thorough improvement soil, can not need in conjunction with biological modification and other measures.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned detailed description of the invention, and all are based on technical conceive of the present invention, and done structural improvement, all falls among protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. one kind by engineering-chemistry-desalination water-saving technology preliminary transformation salinity ground method, it is characterized in that: comprise following step:
S1, progressively reduced the salt content of soil in salt-soda soil by engineering measure, isolate and discharge the soluble-salt in soil
A, salt-soda soil periphery excavate motor-pumped well, and utilize water pump from described motor-pumped well by underground bitter extract out, make the underground bitter of surrounding constantly to the direction sidesway of described motor-pumped well, thus reduce the underground bitter water level in salt-soda soil;
B, subsurface layer in salt-soda soil lay salt discharge collector pipe network, and described salt discharge collector pipe network is made up of underground hidden pipe and collector pipe, and described underground hidden pipe is PVC bellows with holes, and caliber is 40-50cm; The tube wall of described underground hidden pipe offers pore, and described pore is beaten in the groove of bellows by laser-beam drilling machine, and pore presses 1-3cm pitch arrangement, and the diameter of described pore is 0.04-0.1cm; The surrounding of described underground hidden pipe is wrapped with filtrate, enters blocking underground hidden pipe in pipe to prevent powdery soil particle; The Lay interval 5-15 rice of described underground hidden pipe, the degree of depth on the soil layer surface in the distance from top salt-soda soil of underground hidden pipe is 80-180cm; The gradient that described underground hidden pipe forms 3-5 ° according to the routing of water drainage of salt-soda soil soil layer is laid, and end is unified connects described collector pipe;
C, utilize the above-mentioned salt-soda soil of fresh water irrigation, form the water layer of certain depth on ground, the salinity in soil is fully dissolved, then to concentrate from described collector pipe from salt discharge collector pipe network discharge dissolving water salty, thus reduce the salt content of soil;
D, the dissolving water salty of discharging in the underground bitter extracted out from described motor-pumped well, collector pipe is focused in a tank;
S2, utilize technique of desalinating saline water to the water resources rational use in salt-soda soil
By the water filtration of centralized collection in tank described in step S1, and utilize bitter salt water desalting equipment to carry out desalinating process as the described fresh water use in step S1, after the remaining waste recovery of desalination process, be used as industrial chemicals;
S3, water saving irrigating technology is utilized rationally to water salt-soda soil
Salt-soda soil is installed drip irrigation pipe, micro-nozzle and removable irrigation sprinkler, described drip irrigation pipe, micro-nozzle and removable irrigation sprinkler are all connected to the bitter salt water desalting equipment of described step S2, and utilize drip irrigation pipe, micro-nozzle and removable irrigation sprinkler to irrigate salt-soda soil, uninterruptedly irrigate 3-5 days continuously with the irrigation volume of 30 cubic metres/mu every day, then stop irrigation carrying out next step;
S4, chemical measure is utilized to improve salt-soda soil chemical composition
First, humic acid fertilizer is added in salt-soda soil, addition is 200-240kg/ mu, and described humic acid fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: biochemical fulvic acid 15-25 weight portion, water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer 6-10 weight portion, furfural dregs 20-30 weight portion, stalk 40-60 weight portion;
Then, in salt-soda soil, add chemically acid fertilizer, described chemically acid fertilizer selects calcium fertilizer, comprises calcium superphosphate and nitric acid calcareous fertilisers, reduces soil pH value, meanwhile, executes physiological acidic fertilizer, comprise ammonium sulfate and nitrophosphate fertilizer;
Finally, mineral chemical fertilizer is added in salt-soda soil, described mineral chemical fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: bentonite: 6-12 part weight portion, calcite: 20-30 weight portion, zeolite 20-30 weight portion, through pulverizing, screening, then 6-10 parts by weight of activated carbon is added, granulation forms, and addition is 50-100kg/ mu;
After each fertilising step completes, utilize the pouring operation of step S3 to keep irrigation amount 20-30 cubic meter/mu every day, continue 1-2 days.
2. one engineering-chemistry-desalination water-saving technology preliminary transformation salinity ground method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the salt discharge collector pipe network of step S1, the caliber of described underground hidden pipe is 45cm.
3. one engineering-chemistry-desalination water-saving technology preliminary transformation salinity ground method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the salt discharge collector pipe network of step S1, the pore on the hidden pipe tube wall of described underground presses 2cm pitch arrangement, and the diameter of pore is 0.07cm.
4. one engineering-chemistry-desalination water-saving technology preliminary transformation salinity ground method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the salt discharge collector pipe network of step S1, described in the distance from top of described underground hidden pipe, the degree of depth on soil layer surface, salt-soda soil is 130cm.
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