CN110521322B - Saline-alkali soil improvement system and method - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil improvement system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110521322B CN110521322B CN201910888964.7A CN201910888964A CN110521322B CN 110521322 B CN110521322 B CN 110521322B CN 201910888964 A CN201910888964 A CN 201910888964A CN 110521322 B CN110521322 B CN 110521322B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/04—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only applied in a physical form other than a solution or a grout, e.g. as granules or gases
Abstract
The invention discloses a saline-alkali soil improvement system, which comprises: the device comprises a drainage channel, a core soil layer and a planting layer, wherein the drainage channel is arranged above the core soil layer, and the side surface of the drainage channel is provided with the planting layer containing saline-alkali soil to be improved; a waterproof interlayer is arranged between the core soil layer and the planting layer, the bottom of the drainage channel is in waterproof configuration, and the waterproof interlayer is connected with the upper edge of the bottom of the drainage channel; the impervious interlayer is arranged in a slope from one end far away from the drainage channel to the drainage channel; the planting layer on the same side of the drainage channel is sequentially provided with a first planting area to an Nth (more than or equal to 2) planting area from one end far away from the drainage channel to the direction of the drainage channel, and the Nth planting area is close to the side wall of the drainage channel; a first-level infiltration irrigation channel is arranged at one end of the first planting area, which is far away from the drainage channel, and an N-level infiltration irrigation channel is arranged at the end of the Nth planting area, which is far away from the drainage channel; the side walls of the first-level infiltrating irrigation channel and the N-level infiltrating irrigation channel are in water-permeable configuration; the side wall of the drainage channel is in water-permeable configuration; and plants with the salt tolerance from weak to strong are planted or planted from the first planting area to the Nth planting area in sequence.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a system and a method for improving saline-alkali soil, particularly coastal saline-alkali soil.
Background
The coastal areas have high soil salinity, and the groundwater is influenced by seawater, is shallow in burying depth and high in mineralization degree, so that the coastal areas are not suitable for agricultural production. The salt in the underground water is accumulated in the soil layer along with the rising capillary water under the action of strong evaporation of the earth surface, so that the soil is sticky and heavy in texture, poor in structure and poor in air permeability. The coastal area is extremely lack of underground fresh water resources, but much rainfall occurs, and due to poor soil water permeability, rainwater is popular in the sea in the form of surface runoff, and the rainwater does not play the role of 'fresh water pressure salt' to the greatest extent.
The salinization of the land not only causes great loss of agriculture in China due to large yield reduction, but also causes large land to become waste land gradually due to the increasing degree of salinization, the grass cannot grow, and the grains cannot be harvested. The improvement of saline-alkali land and the improvement of the agricultural production of saline-alkali cultivated land are one of the important tasks of the agricultural development in China, but the research on the salt elimination of the saline-alkali land soil at present, particularly the research on the rapid desalting of the surface soil of the saline-alkali land in the coastal areas, is mostly in the salt elimination of engineering measures such as 'hidden pipe salt elimination', 'underground blocking salt elimination', 'fresh water pressure salt' and the like and the chemical salt elimination of using soil conditioners and the like, and the measures are not practical for the coastal saline-alkali and fresh water shortage areas.
Therefore, aiming at special hydrogeological conditions of coastal areas, the problems of realizing rapid desalination, salt return prevention, improvement of plough layer soil structure and fertility and efficient utilization of water resources of coastal saline-alkali soil are urgently needed to be solved.
China CN201410288994.1 greening method for controlling and discharging salt in a stepped coastal saline-alkali land invents a method for controlling and discharging salt in coastal saline-alkali green land soil, and provides a method for controlling and discharging salt in the stepped coastal saline-alkali land which is used for classified planting of trees, irrigation, flowers and the like and has clear vertical layers. Sequentially constructing a flower belt area, a shrub belt area and a tree belt area in an area to be improved; salt discharge pipes and a sprinkling layer are arranged below the planting layer, and drainage plates are arranged among different types of vegetation interfaces. The method can effectively reduce the underground water level and prevent the salt from moving upwards, but a large amount of fresh water is still needed for salt washing in the large-area improvement of the saline-alkali soil, the salt-washed fresh water permeates into a drenching layer below the planting layer and is discharged into a ditch through the drainage plate and the hidden pipe, and the utilization rate of the fresh water is low. For coastal areas extremely short of fresh water, the method is obviously difficult to popularize in a large area.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a saline-alkali soil improvement system in a first aspect, which comprises: the soil improvement device comprises a drainage channel, a core soil layer and a planting layer, wherein the planting layer is arranged on one side or two sides of the drainage channel and comprises saline-alkali soil to be improved;
the drain channel comprises a side wall of the drain channel and a bottom of the drain channel;
a waterproof interlayer is arranged between the subsoil layer and the planting layer, the bottom of the drainage channel is waterproof, and the waterproof interlayer is connected with the upper edge of the bottom of the drainage channel;
the waterproof interlayer is arranged in a slope manner in the direction from one end far away from the drainage channel to the drainage channel;
a first planting area to an Nth planting area are sequentially arranged on the planting layer positioned on the same side of the drainage channel from one end far away from the drainage channel to the drainage channel, the Nth planting area is close to the side wall of the drainage channel, and N is a natural number greater than or equal to 2;
a first-level infiltration irrigation channel is arranged at one end, far away from the drainage channel, of the first planting area, and an i-level infiltration irrigation channel is arranged at one end, far away from the drainage channel, of the ith planting area, wherein i is a natural number, and i is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to N;
the side wall of the first-level infiltration irrigation channel to the side wall of the N-level infiltration irrigation channel is in water-permeable configuration;
the side wall of the drainage channel is in water-permeable configuration;
and the plants with the salt tolerance from weak to strong are planted or planted from the first planting area to the Nth planting area in sequence.
In some embodiments, the first level infiltration irrigation channel is parallel to the drainage channel and the N level infiltration irrigation channel is parallel to the drainage channel.
In some embodiments, N is selected from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
In some embodiments, the planting layer has a thickness of 30-60 cm.
In some embodiments, the saline-alkali soil is a coastal saline-alkali soil.
In some embodiments, the ramp down is 2-3% o.
In some embodiments, the saline-alkali soil to be improved in any of the first to nth planting areas contains a soil amendment.
In some embodiments, the soil amendment is biochar.
In some embodiments, the biochar is any one or combination of biochar from tree branches, wood chips, nut shells, plant stalks.
In some embodiments, the application rate of the soil amendment in the saline alkali earth to be amended is between 3 and 6 tonnes/acre.
In some embodiments, where N is 4, the system is provided with a first planting zone, a second planting zone, a third planting zone, and a fourth planting zone.
In some embodiments, the first growing area is used for growing or is grown with a non-salt tolerant crop;
the second planting area is used for planting or planting salt-tolerant crops;
the third planting area is used for planting or planting salt-tolerant trees;
the fourth planting area is used for planting or planting halophytes.
In some embodiments, the non-salt tolerant crop is selected from any one of corn, soybean, wheat, radish, cabbage, or combinations thereof;
the salt-tolerant crop is selected from any one or combination of sunflower, beet, sorghum, ice vegetable and medlar;
the salt-tolerant trees are selected from any one or the combination of haloxylon ammodendron, tamarix chinensis, elaeagnus angustifolia, nitraria tangutorum and apocynum venetum;
the halophyte is selected from any one or combination of claw of Salicornia Herbacea, herba Suadeae Glaucae, atriplex canescens, Salicornia Herbacea, and rhizoma Curculiginis.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method of improving saline-alkali soil, the method being operated in accordance with the saline-alkali soil improvement system of the first aspect, the method comprising injecting fresh water into the primary irrigation and drainage channel, so that the fresh water flows through the planting layer to the drainage channel.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises injecting fresh water into the N-stage infiltration irrigation canal.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises causing the system to receive natural irrigation of rainwater.
The third aspect of the invention provides a construction method of the saline-alkali soil improvement system of the first aspect of the invention, which comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a slope: reforming the original terrain of the saline-alkali soil to be improved into a slope;
step two, establishing a drainage channel: excavating the drainage channel at the lowest point of the slope, and distributing the side wall of the drainage channel and the bottom of the drainage channel;
step three, establishing a waterproof layer: laying the impermeable interlayer below the surface of the slope, wherein the impermeable interlayer is positioned between the subsoil layer and the planting layer;
step four, establishing a seepage irrigation canal: the method comprises the steps that the first-level infiltration irrigation channel to the N-level infiltration irrigation channel and the side wall of the first-level infiltration irrigation channel to the side wall of the N-level infiltration irrigation channel are sequentially arranged on the planting layer on the same side of the drainage channel in the direction from one end far away from the drainage channel to the drainage channel, wherein the space from one side of the j-1-level infiltration irrigation channel close to the drainage channel to one side of the j-level infiltration irrigation channel far away from the drainage channel is the j-1 th planting area, the space from one side of the N-level infiltration irrigation channel close to the drainage channel to the side wall of the drainage channel is the N-th planting area, j is a natural number, and j is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to N.
In some embodiments, plants with reduced salt tolerance are grown sequentially from the first growing area to the nth growing area.
The invention has the following technical effects:
1. the traditional fresh water salt washing is to irrigate all the land to be improved and carry out undifferentiated improvement, so that the water consumption is huge. The invention improves saline-alkali soil differently, and saves fresh water by 50-75% compared with the traditional method. The method mainly improves the non-salt-tolerant crop planting area and the salt-tolerant crop planting area, water washed in the area is recycled, the salt-tolerant tree planting area and the halophyte planting area are washed continuously, and the utilization rate of fresh water is greatly improved. In addition, the invention adopts the filtration irrigation, reduces the occurrence of surface water accumulation, also reduces the evaporation of open water, and further improves the utilization rate of fresh water.
2. The traditional fresh water salt washing is longitudinal salt washing, and irrigation water inevitably flows into underground water to raise the underground water level and cause salt return. The method adopts the impermeable partition plate to isolate the underground water to avoid salt return, and adopts the transverse salt washing to wash the saline-alkali soil step by step, finally the irrigation water flows into the drainage ditch to be drained away, and the underground water level is prevented from being increased.
3. According to the method, plant varieties are scientifically configured according to local conditions in different regions, plant varieties with different salt tolerance are configured according to different salt leaching effects of the planting regions, and non-salt-tolerant crops with high economic value are planted in the planting regions with the best leaching effects; planting salt-tolerant crops with higher economic value in a planting area with better leaching effect; planting salt-tolerant trees with ecological and economic values in the planting area with poor leaching effect; planting halophytes with ecological value in the planting area with the worst leaching effect. The best use of the materials is achieved, and the improved land is fully utilized by using the minimum amount of fresh water.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a saline-alkali soil improvement system of the present invention.
The structure of fig. 1 is left-right symmetrically arranged, the plants not being shown in fig. 1, wherein:
1, a drainage channel;
2, a core soil layer;
3, planting layers;
4, a waterproof interlayer;
5 a first planting area;
6 a second planting area;
7 a third planting area;
8, a fourth planting area;
9, infiltrating irrigation channels at the first level;
10 secondary infiltration irrigation channel;
11, infiltrating irrigation channels at three levels;
12, infiltrating and irrigating a canal at four levels;
13 the bottom of the drainage channel;
14 side walls of the drainage channel;
15 side walls of the secondary infiltration irrigation channels;
16 an in-situ plane;
17 water injection port of irrigation system.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the coastal saline-alkali soil improvement system of the invention is arranged in bilateral symmetry, and for the same component structure, only the left side or the right side is marked in the figure, and an original site plane 16 is shown by a dotted line; the system also includes a water injection port 17 for the irrigation system in use. The system mainly comprises: the water-seepage irrigation ditch comprises a drainage ditch 1, a core soil layer 2, a planting layer 3, a waterproof interlayer 4, a first planting area 5, a second planting area 6, a third planting area 7, a fourth planting area 8, a first-stage infiltration irrigation ditch 9, a second-stage infiltration irrigation ditch 10, a third-stage infiltration irrigation ditch 11, a fourth-stage infiltration irrigation ditch 12, the bottom 13 of the drainage ditch, the side wall 14 of the drainage ditch and the side wall 15 of the second-stage infiltration irrigation ditch (the side walls of other infiltration irrigation ditches are not marked).
Planting layers 3 and subsoil layers 2 are respectively arranged on the two longitudinal sides of the drainage channel 1 from top to bottom, and impermeable interlayer 4 is arranged between the subsoil layer 2 and the planting layers 3; the slope of the impervious interlayer 4 along the direction from one end far away from the drainage channel 1 to the drainage channel 1 is 2-3 per mill; planting layer 3 is along keeping away from 1 one end of drainage canal to the 1 direction subregion in proper order of drainage canal and be: a first planting area 5, a second planting area 6, a third planting area 7 and a fourth planting area 8; a first-stage infiltrating irrigation canal 9 is arranged at one end of the first planting area 5, which is far away from the drainage canal 1; a secondary infiltration irrigation canal 10 is arranged at one end of the second planting area 6 far away from the drainage canal 1; a third-stage infiltration irrigation channel 11 is arranged at one end of the third planting area 7, which is far away from the drainage channel 1; a fourth stage infiltration irrigation canal 12 is arranged at one end of the fourth planting area 8 far away from the drainage canal 1; the bottom 13 of the drainage channel is adjacent to the subsoil layer 2; the side wall 14 of the drainage channel is adjacent to the fourth planting area 8; the water injection port 17 of the irrigation system is aligned with the primary infiltration irrigation canal 9.
Wherein, the side wall of the first-stage infiltration irrigation canal 9, the side wall of the second-stage infiltration irrigation canal 10 (namely, the side wall 15 of the second-stage infiltration irrigation canal), the side wall of the third-stage infiltration irrigation canal 11, the side wall of the fourth-stage infiltration irrigation canal 12 and the side wall 14 of the drainage canal are of a permeable structure; the watertight barrier 4 is tightly connected to and watertight with the upper edge of the bottom 13 of the drain (upper edge refers to the upper end of the bottom 13 of the drain, which is at the same level as the watertight barrier 4).
The invention mainly conceives: the traditional saline-alkali land improvement method of 'washing salt with fresh water' is characterized by that all the land to be improved is filled with fresh water, when the improvement area is large, a large quantity of fresh water is required, and the groundwater level can be raised by a large quantity of irrigation, and the salt-returning phenomenon can be inevitably produced, so that the vicious circulation of washing salt and returning salt can be resulted. The area of the saline-alkali soil in China is wide, and the method is difficult to realize in coastal areas extremely lack of fresh water. Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a coastal saline-alkali soil improvement system and method, which can improve the saline-alkali soil efficiently for a long time. The invention realizes the high-efficiency utilization of water resources and land resources by reasonably reforming the terrain, improving the irrigation mode and scientifically configuring plant varieties in different areas.
Terrain reconstruction: the original terrain is transformed into a gentle slope, and in order to save cost to the maximum extent, in-situ soil borrowing and in-situ transformation are adopted. In order to ensure the effect and reduce the engineering quantity, the slope length is set to 400-600m, and the slope reduction is preferably 2-3 per mill. The thickness of the planting layer is determined to be 30-60cm according to the variety of the planted plant, and in order to prevent fresh water from seeping downwards and saline water from moving upwards, a waterproof interlayer 4 (plastic film and the like) is laid below the planting layer to isolate the planting layer 3 from the core soil layer 2. The planting layer 3 is isolated from the core soil layer 2, and cannot be supplied with underground brackish water, and the planting layer depends on rainwater and artificial irrigation. In order to efficiently utilize fresh water, the invention innovates an irrigation mode and adopts a graded infiltration irrigation method as follows.
A graded infiltrating irrigation method: and excavating a drainage channel 1 at the lowest point of the slope, parallel to the drainage channel 1, excavating four infiltration irrigation channels on the slope at equal intervals from the top of the slope, wherein the four infiltration irrigation channels are respectively a first-stage infiltration irrigation channel 9, a second-stage infiltration irrigation channel 10, a third-stage infiltration irrigation channel 11 and a fourth-stage infiltration irrigation channel 12. The slope is divided into four planting areas by the four infiltrating irrigation ditches, and the four planting areas are a first planting area 5, a second planting area 6, a third planting area 7 and a fourth planting area 8 from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope. And arranging a water injection port 17 of an irrigation system at any position of the first-stage infiltration irrigation channel 9 on the top of the slope, and injecting fresh water into the first-stage infiltration irrigation channel 9 on the top of the slope. The side walls 14 of the drainage channels and the side walls of the infiltration irrigation channels (e.g., the side walls 15 of the secondary infiltration irrigation channel) are made of permeable partition boards (permeable bricks, etc.), and the bottom 13 of the drainage channels and the bottoms of the four infiltration irrigation channels are made of impermeable concrete. The original ground plane 16 before the construction of the system is shown in dashed lines.
The graded infiltrating irrigation needs to reform the soil of the planting layer, and the water permeability and the water retention of the planting layer are enhanced. The improvement of the water permeability is beneficial to improving the irrigation efficiency and shortening the irrigation time. The improvement of the water retention is beneficial to improving the irrigation quality and reducing the irrigation frequency.
The method for improving the soil of the planting layer comprises the following steps: applying 3-6 tons of biochar per mu, wherein the biochar is generated by cracking plant materials such as branches, sawdust, nut shells, plant straws and the like under a high-temperature condition. The biochar is suitable for saline-alkali soil, is similar to activated carbon, has very high porosity, is very light, and loose structure can play the effect of loosening soil, prevents soil ponding, improves the water permeability of soil, makes soil ponding can not. The charcoal has strong adsorbability, can adsorb certain moisture, prevents evaporation, and enables the soil to have strong water retention and drought resistance. Because the saline-alkali soil is relatively sticky and heavy, the saline-alkali soil is more permeable to water by adding the biochar, and the soil structure is improved.
The operation of the system is as follows: the irrigation system is a fresh water source provided by a reservoir, a fresh water river or lake or a fresh water well or other farmland irrigation systems, fresh water flows into a first-stage infiltration irrigation canal 9 through a water injection port 17 of the irrigation system, the water permeates into a first planting area 5 through a water-permeable partition on the side wall of the first-stage infiltration irrigation canal 9, the fresh water flows through the first planting area 5, flows into a second-stage infiltration irrigation canal 10 through a water-permeable partition of the second-stage infiltration irrigation canal 10, flows into a second planting area 6 through a water-permeable partition of the second-stage infiltration irrigation canal 10, the fresh water flows through the second planting area 6, flows into a third-stage infiltration irrigation canal 11 through a water-permeable partition of the third-stage infiltration irrigation canal 11, flows into a third-stage infiltration irrigation canal 7 through a water-permeable partition of the third-stage 11, the fresh water flows through the third-stage planting area 7, flows into a fourth infiltration canal 12 through a water-permeable partition of the fourth infiltration irrigation canal 12, and flows into water of the fourth infiltration irrigation canal 12, flows into the fourth planting area 8 through the water-permeable partition of the four-stage infiltration irrigation channel 11, and flows into the drainage channel 1 through the water-permeable partition of the side wall 14 of the drainage channel. The first planting area 5, the second planting area 6, the third planting area 7 and the fourth planting area 8 are leached by fresh water in sequence, and the salt content of irrigation water of each planting area is gradually increased, so that the first planting area 5 has the best leaching effect, and the fourth planting area 8 has the worst leaching effect. The method realizes the differential improvement of the saline-alkali soil, greatly improves the utilization rate of fresh water resources and fully saves the fresh water resources.
The plant scientific configuration: scientifically configuring different plant varieties according to different improvement effects of the four planting areas. Plants with the salt tolerance from weak to strong are planted in sequence from the first planting area 5 to the fourth planting area 8. The first planting area 5 has the best improvement effect, and non-salt-tolerant crops (corn, soybean, wheat, radish, Chinese cabbage and the like) are planted; the second planting area 6 has better improvement effect and is used for planting salt-tolerant crops (sunflower, beet, sorghum, ice vegetable, medlar, etc.); the improvement effect of the third planting area 7 is inferior to that of the second planting area 6, and salt-tolerant trees (haloxylon ammodendron, tamarix chinensis, elaeagnus angustifolia, nitraria tangutorum, apocynum venetum and the like) are planted in the third planting area 7; the fourth planting area 8 has the worst improvement effect, and can be used for planting halophytes (such as Salicornia Herbacea, Suaeda glauca, atriplex canescens, Salicornia europaea, and Cymbopogon citratus). The method improves the land where the plants cannot normally grow due to overhigh salt content before improvement, can plant the plants in different areas, and realizes scientific and efficient utilization of coastal saline-alkali soil.
Construction step
1. The original terrain is transformed into a gentle slope with the slope length of 400-600m and the slope drop of 2-3 per mill, and the elevation raised at the highest point is equal to the elevation lowered at the lowest point.
2. And excavating a drainage channel with the width of 2-4m and the depth of 2-3m at the lowest point of the slope, and arranging a water-permeable partition plate on the side wall of the drainage channel.
3. And laying a waterproof interlayer 30-60cm below the surface of the slope to isolate the planting layer from the core soil layer and prevent fresh water from seeping downwards and salt water from moving upwards.
4. 3-6 tons of biochar are applied to each mu of planting layer and are fully and uniformly mixed with the soil of the planting layer, so that the water permeability and the water retention of the soil are improved.
5. Parallel to the drainage channels (i.e. drainage ditches), excavating infiltration irrigation channels with the width of 1m and the depth of 30-60cm on the planting layer at intervals of 100-150m from the top of the slope, excavating 4 infiltration irrigation channels on each slope, wherein the bottom of the infiltration irrigation channels is provided with impermeable concrete, and the two sides of the infiltration irrigation channels are provided with permeable partition plates.
6. The water injection port of the irrigation system is arranged at the highest point of the slope, and the water outlet is positioned at any position of the infiltration irrigation canal at the top end of the slope.
7. The infiltration irrigation canal divides the slope into four parts with the same size, and each part from the top to the lower part is a non-salt-tolerant crop planting area, a salt-tolerant tree planting area and a halophyte planting area.
Example 1
Embodiment 1 is a specific application of the coastal saline-alkali land improvement system of the present invention, and the system is arranged in the area of yellow-Ye in Hebei, and the soil property of the area is as follows: extremely severe saline-alkali soil, viscous soil and the historical utilization condition of the soil is a Changlu salt field which is abandoned at present and almost insanitary.
The total length of the drainage channel 1, the first planting area 5, the second planting area 6, the third planting area 7 and the fourth planting area 8 is 800 m; the two sides of the drainage channel 1 are symmetrical, and the slope length is 400m and the slope drop is 3 per mill for one side; the first planting area 5, the second planting area 6, the third planting area 7 and the fourth planting area 8 have the same width on two sides of the drainage channel 1; the thickness of the planting layer 3 is 40 cm.
The width of the drainage channel 1 is 2.5 m; the bottom 13 of the drainage channel is formed by pouring concrete, and the cross section of the drainage channel is a semicircular arc. The impervious interlayer 4 is made of polyvinyl chloride material.
The side walls 14 of the first-level infiltration irrigation channel 9, the second-level infiltration irrigation channel 10, the third-level infiltration irrigation channel 11, the fourth-level infiltration irrigation channel 12 and the drainage channel are made of permeable bricks.
The width between two side walls of each of the first-stage infiltration irrigation canal 9, the second-stage infiltration irrigation canal 10, the third-stage infiltration irrigation canal 11 and the fourth-stage infiltration irrigation canal 12 is 100 cm.
The planting layer 3 is applied with 3 tons of biochar prepared by pyrolyzing corn stalks per mu, and the biochar is crushed into particles of 1-3mm and is uniformly mixed with the soil in the planting layer 3.
Corn is planted in the first planting area 5, sunflower is planted in the second planting area 6, tamarix chinensis is planted in the third planting area 7, and suaeda salsa is planted in the fourth planting area 8.
Fresh water for field irrigation is injected into the first-stage infiltration irrigation channel 9 through a water injection port 17 of the irrigation system, and the whole system is completed. And (4) irrigating once every 15 days from the middle ten days of 4 months to the middle ten days of 9 months for 10 times, wherein the water is irrigated according to the rated water of 20 tons/mu each time. The total irrigation rate is 200 tons/mu, and the water is saved by more than 50 percent compared with other irrigation methods.
The original soil samples before the system is operated are collected for standby, the soil samples of the first planting area 5, the second planting area 6, the third planting area 7 and the fourth planting area 8 after the system is operated for 5 months, the pH and the salt content are respectively measured according to the method shown in the table 1, and the measurement results are shown in the table 2.
TABLE 1 measurement methods and apparatus, etc
TABLE 2 statistics of soil improvement
| pH | Total salt content | |
| First planting area 5 | 7.2 | 2.2g/kg |
| Second planting area 6 | 7.7 | 6.1g/kg |
| |
8.2 | 11.9g/kg |
| |
8.8 | 15.7g/kg |
| Original soil sample | 9.2 | 22.1g/kg |
As can be seen from table 1, after the system of this embodiment is operated, the pH becomes smaller from the fourth planting area to the first planting area, and is lower than the original soil sample; the total salt content becomes lower from the fourth planting area to the first planting area, and is lower than the original soil sample, and the difference is obvious. Therefore, the saline-alkali soil improvement system and the saline-alkali soil improvement method can effectively reduce the pH value of the alkaline soil, can effectively reduce the salt content of the saline soil, have better improvement effects from the fourth planting area to the first planting area in sequence, are beneficial to planting plants with different salt tolerance in different areas, can be suitable for planting plants with insufficient salt tolerance in a local planting area before the saline-alkali soil is not fully improved, are beneficial to reducing the improvement components, shorten the improvement period and save the improvement water.
Generally, the normal saline-alkali soil is irrigated to wash salt, the fresh water is required to be 400-600 tons/mu, the method only needs 200 tons/mu, and the fresh water is saved by more than 50 percent.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The embodiments disclosed above are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. All changes which come within the scope of or equivalence to the invention are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (13)
1. A saline land improvement system, the system comprising: the soil improvement device comprises a drainage channel, a core soil layer and a planting layer, wherein the planting layer is arranged on one side or two sides of the drainage channel and comprises saline-alkali soil to be improved;
the drain channel comprises a side wall of the drain channel and a bottom of the drain channel;
a waterproof interlayer is arranged between the core soil layer and the planting layer, the bottom of the drainage channel is waterproof, and the waterproof interlayer is connected with the upper edge of the bottom of the drainage channel;
the impermeable interlayer is arranged in a slope manner from one end far away from the drainage channel to the drainage channel, and the slope length is 400-600 meters;
a first planting area to an Nth planting area are sequentially arranged on the planting layer positioned on the same side of the drainage channel from one end far away from the drainage channel to the drainage channel, the Nth planting area is close to the side wall of the drainage channel, and N is a natural number greater than or equal to 2;
a first-level infiltration irrigation channel is arranged at one end, far away from the drainage channel, of the first planting area, and an i-level infiltration irrigation channel is arranged at one end, far away from the drainage channel, of the ith planting area, wherein i is a natural number, and i is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to N;
the side wall of the first-level infiltration irrigation channel to the side wall of the i-level infiltration irrigation channel is in water-permeable configuration;
the side wall of the drainage channel is in water-permeable configuration;
sequentially planting or planting plants with salt tolerance from weak to strong from the first planting area to the Nth planting area; the slope is 2-3 per mill; the thickness of the planting layer is 30-60 cm;
the first-level infiltrating irrigation channel is parallel to the drainage channel, and the i-level infiltrating irrigation channel is parallel to the drainage channel;
n is selected from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10; the saline-alkali soil is coastal saline-alkali soil.
2. The saline-alkali soil reclamation system as recited in claim 1, wherein:
the saline-alkali soil to be improved in any area from the first planting area to the Nth planting area contains a soil conditioner.
3. The saline-alkali soil reclamation system as recited in claim 2, wherein:
the soil conditioner is charcoal.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein:
the biochar is any one or combination of biochar from branches, sawdust, nut shells and plant straws.
5. The saline-alkali soil reclamation system as recited in claim 2, wherein:
the application amount of the soil conditioner in the saline-alkali soil to be improved is 3-6 tons/mu.
6. The saline-alkali soil reclamation system as recited in claim 1, wherein:
n =4, the system is provided with a first planting zone, a second planting zone, a third planting zone and a fourth planting zone.
7. The saline-alkali soil reclamation system as recited in claim 6, wherein:
the first planting area is used for planting or planting non-salt-tolerant crops;
the second planting area is used for planting or planting salt-tolerant crops;
the third planting area is used for planting or planting salt-tolerant trees;
the fourth planting area is used for planting or planting halophytes.
8. The saline-alkali soil reclamation system as recited in claim 7, wherein:
the non-salt-tolerant crops are selected from any one or combination of corn, soybean, wheat, radish and Chinese cabbage;
the salt-tolerant crop is selected from any one or combination of sunflower, beet, sorghum, ice vegetable and medlar;
the salt-tolerant trees are selected from any one or the combination of haloxylon ammodendron, tamarix chinensis, elaeagnus angustifolia, nitraria tangutorum and apocynum venetum;
the halophyte is selected from any one or combination of claw of Salicornia Herbacea, herba Suadeae Glaucae, atriplex canescens, Salicornia Herbacea, and rhizoma Curculiginis.
9. A method of improving saline and alkaline land, the method being operated in accordance with the saline and alkaline land improving system of any one of claims 1 to 8, the method comprising injecting fresh water into the primary irrigation channel, the fresh water flowing through the planting layer to the drainage channel.
10. The method for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 9, characterized in that:
the method also includes injecting fresh water into the i-stage infiltration irrigation canal.
11. The method for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 9, characterized in that:
the method further comprises causing the system to receive natural irrigation of rain water.
12. The construction method of the saline-alkali soil improvement system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
step one, establishing a slope: reforming the original terrain of the saline-alkali soil to be improved into a slope;
step two, establishing a drainage channel: excavating the drainage channel at the lowest point of the slope, and distributing the side wall of the drainage channel and the bottom of the drainage channel;
step three, establishing a waterproof layer: laying the impermeable interlayer below the surface of the slope, wherein the impermeable interlayer is positioned between the subsoil layer and the planting layer;
step four, establishing a seepage irrigation canal: the planting layer on the same side of the drainage channel is sequentially provided with the first-level infiltration irrigation channel to the i-level infiltration irrigation channel from the end far away from the drainage channel to the side wall of the i-level infiltration irrigation channel, the space between one side of the i-1-level infiltration irrigation channel close to the drainage channel and one side of the i-level infiltration irrigation channel far away from the drainage channel is the i-1 planting area, the space between one side of the i-level infiltration irrigation channel close to the drainage channel and the side wall of the drainage channel is the N planting area, wherein i is a natural number, and i is not less than 2 and not more than N.
13. The construction method according to claim 12, wherein: and planting plants with the salt tolerance from weak to strong from the first planting area to the Nth planting area in sequence.
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| CN111386822B (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2021-11-30 | 内蒙古正唐环保产业有限公司 | Method for improving utilization efficiency of sunflower-eating water and fertilizer in severe saline-alkali soil by utilizing ceramsite |
| CN112166727B (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2022-07-05 | 陕西秦草生态环境科技有限公司 | Method for improving saline-alkali soil on two sides of river |
| CN112655306A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-16 | 常熟康艺建设有限公司 | Saline-alkali soil greening method and greening system |
| CN114080874B (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2023-04-14 | 山东省蚕业研究所 | Method for relieving soil salinization by crop rotation of iced vegetables and suaeda salsa |
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| CN204817451U (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2015-12-02 | 亿利资源集团有限公司 | Saline soil reclamation system |
| CN204968689U (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2016-01-20 | 天津市泰洲盐碱地绿化工程有限公司 | Improvement saline and alkaline land greening system |
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