CN114467404B - Circular soil improvement and planting method by using micro-topography and native salt-tolerant plants - Google Patents
Circular soil improvement and planting method by using micro-topography and native salt-tolerant plants Download PDFInfo
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- CN114467404B CN114467404B CN202210076570.3A CN202210076570A CN114467404B CN 114467404 B CN114467404 B CN 114467404B CN 202210076570 A CN202210076570 A CN 202210076570A CN 114467404 B CN114467404 B CN 114467404B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving and planting annular soil by using micro-topography and indigenous salt-tolerant plants, which comprises the following steps: dividing a plurality of circular areas in the soil improvement area, digging and trimming surface soil in the circular areas, and constructing a funnel-shaped micro-terrain with high periphery and low middle part; forming annular distribution of surface soil salt; defining different soil ring areas; proper salt-tolerant plants are planted in the annular areas respectively, and the salinity of shallow soil is gradually reduced by utilizing the natural infiltration promotion and the evaporation salt return weakening effects of the plants; and (4) periodically measuring the soil salinity of each annular area, and planting the cash crops when the habitat requirements of the target cash crops are met. The invention utilizes the root growth of the native salt-tolerant plant to improve the soil permeability, promote the infiltration of fresh water and suppress the salinity, utilizes the plant canopy to reduce the water evaporation and the salinity concentration of the soil, conforms to the natural law, and has better soil desalting effect and lower implementation cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a method for improving and planting annular soil by using micro-topography and indigenous salt-tolerant plants, belonging to the technical field of biological desalination of saline-alkali soil.
Background
Soil salinization is an environmental problem of excessive soil salinity caused by natural or human activities, and can seriously affect the normal growth of plants. The total area of the salinized soil in China is about 3.6 multiplied by 10 7 hm 2 Mainly distributed in northeast, northwest, north China and coastal areas, and seriously restricts the agricultural economy and ecological development.
The method for improving the saline soil can be mainly divided into water conservancy engineering measures, chemical improvement measures and biological improvement measures. The hydraulic engineering measures are mainly implemented by fresh water salt washing, salt moves along with water, the effect is good, but the hydraulic engineering measures are limited by climatic and hydrological conditions, the hydraulic engineering measures are not suitable for areas with less rainfall and drought, the maintenance cost is high, and the possibility of nutrient loss and soil salt return exists. The chemical improvement measures mainly utilize chemical improving agents to improve soil so as to achieve the aim of desalination, but belong to methods for treating symptoms and not root causes, and can cause secondary pollution. The biological improvement measures are mainly to plant salt-tolerant plants to restore the saline soil, so that the cost is low, water resources are saved, and the improvement effect is obvious. Thus, biological measures are generally considered to be the greenest and most economical soil improvement method. However, the principle of the existing biological improvement measures mainly focuses on apparent adaptation of salt-tolerant plants to salt stress by themselves, the effect of soil desalination is achieved through salt secretion, and the improvement period is long. Therefore, an improved method with short cycle, low cost, simplicity and easy implementation is needed to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the background technology, the invention provides a method for driving water and salt conditions to form annular distribution by using micro-topography, effectively utilizing the root growth of salt-tolerant plants to improve the infiltration property of soil, promoting the infiltration of rainfall, inhibiting evaporation and salt return, improving the pressing capacity of fresh water on salt, and quickly creating a shallow soil water low-salt environment so as to achieve the aim of soil improvement.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the aim of the invention:
a method for improving and planting annular soil by using micro-topography and native salt-tolerant plants comprises the following steps:
dividing a plurality of non-intersecting circular areas in the soil improvement area, excavating the soil surface layer of the circular areas, and constructing a micro-topography with high periphery and low middle part;
forming annular distribution of surface soil salinity in the circular area;
according to the salinity conditions of shallow soil at different radiuses in the circular area and the salt-tolerant threshold values of different native salt-tolerant plants, a plurality of circular ring areas are defined in the circular area;
appropriate salt-tolerant plants are planted in the annular areas respectively, and the salinity of the shallow soil is reduced by the salt-tolerant plants;
and when the soil salinity condition in the ring area meets the habitat requirement of the target economic crop, replacing the salt-tolerant plants with the economic crop.
In some embodiments, the diameter of the circular region is less than 50m.
In some embodiments, the high-all-round low-in-middle microtopography refers to a funnel-shaped continuous microtopography with the all-round slope towards the center, and the slope of the microtopography is less than 1.
In some embodiments, creating an annular distribution of surface soil salt within the circular region comprises: in the circular area, the shallow soil water salinity is formed to be distributed in a gradient manner from the center to the periphery through natural dewatering and/or artificial irrigation under the action of microtopography.
In some embodiments, a number of torus regions are defined within the circular region, including: and (4) determining the salinity distribution of the shallow soil on the radius of the circle, and defining different soil ring areas according to the salt tolerance threshold values of different native salt tolerant plants.
Further, planting suitable salt-tolerant plants in each ring area respectively, wherein the suitable salt-tolerant plants comprise: and selecting proper salt-tolerant plants to plant in the corresponding annular zones according to the salt-tolerant threshold of the salt-tolerant plants and the soil salt content of the annular zones.
In some embodiments, the shallow soil salinity is reduced by salt tolerant plants, comprising: by utilizing the effects of promoting the infiltration of rainfall and reducing the evaporation and salt return of the salt-tolerant plants, the salinity in the soil is pressed downwards, so that the water salinity of the soil in each annular area is quickly reduced, and the habitat requirement of the cash crops is met.
In some embodiments, the method for improving and growing a soil in a torus shape using microtopography and indigenous salt-tolerant plants further comprises: the salt-tolerant plants grow under the condition of natural rainfall, and can be uniformly sprayed and irrigated to supplement fresh water when needed.
In some embodiments, the method for improving and growing a soil in a torus shape using microtopography and indigenous salt-tolerant plants further comprises: and (3) periodically measuring and recording the water and salt content of shallow soil in each annular area, when the soil salt content in the annular area meets the habitat requirement of the target economic crop, removing salt-tolerant plants in the annular area in a proper season, and planting the economic crop adaptive to the soil condition to the corresponding annular area.
In some embodiments, the method for improving and planting the annular soil by using the micro-topography and the native salt-tolerant plants comprises the steps that under the combined action of the micro-topography and the salt-tolerant plants, the innermost annular area firstly achieves the salinity condition for the growth of the economic crops, and the economic crops are planted in batches from the center to the periphery to gradually replace all the salt-tolerant plants.
In some embodiments, a method for improving and planting a circular ring-shaped soil by using micro-topography and native salt-tolerant plants specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, a soil improvement area in a certain range is defined in the saline-alkali soil, a plurality of circular areas in a certain scale are defined in the improvement area, and the soil surface layer of each circular area is excavated to form a funnel-shaped micro-terrain with high periphery and low middle part;
step 4, selecting proper salt-tolerant plants to plant in corresponding circular ring zones according to salt-tolerant threshold values of the salt-tolerant plants and the soil salt content of the circular ring zones;
and 5, periodically measuring and recording the shallow soil water salinity of each annular area, removing salt-tolerant plants in a certain annular area when the soil condition of the annular area can meet the habitat requirement of the target economic crop, and selecting the economic crop adaptive to the soil condition of the annular area for planting.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the method comprises the steps of firstly constructing funnel-shaped micro terrains on the earth surface, quickly forming the distribution characteristics of low center and high periphery of soil water salinity by utilizing the soil water and salt migration rule under the driving of the micro terrains, then promoting precipitation infiltration by utilizing the root systems and canopy growth of the salt-tolerant plants, inhibiting evaporation and salt return, improving the salt pressing capability of fresh water input on the earth surface, quickly constructing shallow soil water low-salt environment in a subarea manner, and replacing and planting economic crops in sequence, thereby realizing the quick improvement and full utilization of shallow saline soil.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of a soil improvement area of a method for improving and planting a ring-shaped soil using micro-topography and native salt-tolerant plants according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the salinity ring distribution formed after a period of natural rainfall and/or artificial irrigation in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of step 4 of a method for improving and planting a ring-shaped soil using micro-topography and native salt-tolerant plants according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of step 5 of a method for improving and planting soil in a circular ring shape by using micro-topography and indigenous salt-tolerant plants according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method for improving and planting soil in a circular ring shape by using micro-topography and native salt-tolerant plants according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 shows the ring-shaped distribution pattern of the salt-tolerant vegetation and the water salinity of the saline-alkali soil in the coastal reclamation area of Jiangsu.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the following examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the invention more clearly, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings, which are based on the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings, and are used for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In addition, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
As shown in fig. 5, a method for improving and planting a donut-shaped soil using micro-topography and native salt-tolerant plants, comprising the steps of:
step 1, as shown in fig. 1, a rectangular soil improvement area in a certain range is defined in the saline-alkali soil, the improvement area is divided into a plurality of circular areas on the principle that the whole improvement area is fully covered, the diameter of a circle is generally smaller than 50m, and the circular areas are not intersected with each other. Excavating and molding a surface soil topography of the circular area, constructing a funnel-shaped continuous micro topography with the periphery high and the middle low, and inclining the periphery of the circular ring to the circle center, wherein the gradient is generally less than 1;
and 2, according to the climatic conditions of the experimental area and the salinization degree of the soil in the experimental area, utilizing natural rainfall conditions, properly combining manual spraying irrigation when needed, and leaching and diluting the salt content of the shallow soil. The fresh water input is driven by the microtopography and is unevenly distributed in the circular area, and the central area is stronger than the periphery under the dilution effect of the fresh water. Then, the shallow salt is redistributed under the action of natural evaporation to form a distribution pattern with low central salinity and high peripheral salinity, as shown in figure 2;
and 3, periodically measuring and recording the salinity of shallow soil water (within 20 cm) at different positions on the circular radius of the circular area, dividing the circular area into a plurality of circular areas with different salinity characteristics by considering the variety and the suitable salinity range for growth of typical local salt-tolerant plants, and numbering 1,2,3 and the like from inside to outside in sequence. If the salinity of the soil cannot meet the growth requirement of the salt-tolerant plants, the step 2 can be repeatedly carried out;
and 4, as shown in fig. 3, selecting proper salt-tolerant plants according to the salt-tolerant threshold of the salt-tolerant plants and the soil water salt content of the ring area, planting plants with relatively low salt tolerance in the zone 1, planting plants with relatively medium salt tolerance in the zone 2, planting plants with relatively high salt tolerance in the zone 3, and so on, and planting plants with the most salt tolerance in the blank area which is not divided into the circular area. The native salt-tolerant plants grow under the condition of natural rainfall, and can be uniformly sprayed and irrigated to supplement fresh water when needed;
and 5, periodically measuring and recording the water and salt content of shallow soil in each annular region, when the soil salt content in the annular region meets the habitat requirement of the target cash crop, removing salt-tolerant plants in the annular region in a proper season, and planting the cash crop which can adapt to the soil condition to the corresponding annular region as soon as possible. As shown in FIG. 4, in general, the water salinity of the soil in the inner ring area is reduced to meet the requirement first, so the process is generally carried out from inside to outside in sequence, the salt-tolerant plants are replaced and cultivated into economic crops 4 at different time intervals, and finally the soil improvement and utilization in the whole area are realized.
According to the method, firstly, the funnel-shaped micro terrain of the earth surface is constructed, the distribution characteristics of low soil water salinity center and high surrounding are quickly formed by utilizing the soil water and salt migration rule under the driving of the micro terrain, then, the root system and the canopy growth of the salt tolerant plants are utilized, the precipitation infiltration is promoted, the evaporation and salt return are inhibited, the salt pressing capacity of the earth surface fresh water input on the salt is improved, the shallow soil water low-salt environment is quickly constructed in a subarea mode, economic crops are planted in a replacing mode in sequence, and the quick improvement and the full utilization of the shallow saline soil are realized.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described above, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for improving and planting annular soil by using micro-topography and native salt-tolerant plants is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dividing a plurality of non-intersected circular areas in the soil improvement area, excavating the soil surface layer of the circular areas, and constructing a micro-terrain with high periphery and low middle part; the diameter of the circular area is less than 50m, the peripheral high-middle low microtopography refers to funnel-shaped continuous microtopography with the periphery inclined towards the center, and the gradient of the microtopography is less than 1;
form the annular distribution of top soil salinity in circular district: in the circular area, under the action of micro-topography, the gradient distribution that the salt content of shallow soil water rises from the center to the periphery is formed through natural dewatering and/or artificial irrigation;
according to the shallow soil salinity condition of different radiuses in the circular area and the salt-tolerant threshold values of different salt-tolerant plants in the local, a plurality of annular areas are demarcated in the circular area: determining the salinity distribution of shallow soil on the radius of the circle, and defining different soil ring areas according to the salt tolerance threshold values of different native salt tolerant plants;
appropriate salt-tolerant plants are planted in the annular areas respectively, and the salinity of the shallow soil is reduced through the salt-tolerant plants: selecting proper salt-tolerant plants according to salt-tolerant threshold values of the salt-tolerant plants and soil salt content of the ring areas, planting the salt-tolerant plants in the corresponding ring areas, and utilizing the effects of the salt-tolerant plants on promoting precipitation infiltration and reducing evaporation salt return to downwardly suppress the salt in the soil so as to rapidly reduce the soil water salinity in each ring area and meet the habitat requirements of economic crops;
and when the soil salinity condition in the ring area meets the habitat requirement of the target economic crop, replacing and planting the salt-tolerant plants into the economic crop.
2. The method for improving and planting torus-shaped soil by using micro-terrains and indigenous salt-tolerant plants according to claim 1, further comprising: the salt-tolerant plants grow under the condition of natural rainfall, and can be uniformly sprayed and irrigated to supplement fresh water when needed.
3. The method for improving and planting torus-shaped soil by using micro-terrains and indigenous salt-tolerant plants according to claim 1, further comprising: and (3) periodically measuring and recording the water and salt content of shallow soil in each annular area, when the soil salt content in the annular area meets the habitat requirement of the target economic crop, removing salt-tolerant plants in the annular area in a proper season, and planting the economic crop adaptive to the soil condition to the corresponding annular area.
4. The method for improving and planting torus shaped soil using micro-topography and indigenous salt tolerant plants according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein under the combined action of micro-topography and salt tolerant plants, the innermost torus area reaches the salinity condition for the growth of cash crops first, and the planting of cash crops is performed from the center to the periphery in batches, gradually replacing all the salt tolerant plants.
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