CN106211846B - The method that Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal is administered in Suaeda salsa-alfalfa-corn echelon plantation - Google Patents

The method that Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal is administered in Suaeda salsa-alfalfa-corn echelon plantation Download PDF

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CN106211846B
CN106211846B CN201610585408.9A CN201610585408A CN106211846B CN 106211846 B CN106211846 B CN 106211846B CN 201610585408 A CN201610585408 A CN 201610585408A CN 106211846 B CN106211846 B CN 106211846B
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salt
soil
echelon
ditch
corn
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CN106211846A (en
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王秀萍
刘雅辉
鲁雪林
张国新
姚玉涛
孙建平
王婷婷
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INSTITUTE OF COASTAL AGRICULTURE HEBEI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY SCIENCES
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture

Abstract

The method for administering Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal is planted the present invention relates to a kind of Suaeda salsa clover corn echelon.Including:2 grades of draining leaching salt systems are built in Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal area;Structure leaching salt Soil building arable layer;Structure rainwater promotes biological modification pattern with freshwater resources using the echelon being combined;The present invention is according to plant soil adaptability principle, echelon plantation:Pioneer halophytes Suaeda salsa → salt tolerant is improved the soil plant clover → field crop corn, is downgraded to marine solonchak echelon:Marine solonchak → severe saline soil → moderate saline soil arable land.The present invention solves the problems, such as that physics, chemical measure improvement salt-soda soil is of high cost, the biological control measure time is longer, realize the combination of ecological recovery and agricultural production, reach ecological benefits and economic benefit two-win, technical support is provided for coastal tidal farmland utilization.

Description

The method that Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal is administered in Suaeda salsa-alfalfa-corn echelon plantation
Technical field
The present invention relates to the improvement and utilization in Coastal beach salt-soda soil, specifically a kind of Suaeda salsa-alfalfa-corn echelon The method that Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal is administered in plantation.
Background technology
Coastal tidal saline-alkali wasteland soil salt is heavy, of poor quality, and usual flood leaching salt water consumption resource is serious, improves cost Height becomes the technical issues of current shore reclamation is using being badly in need of solving.So far, the measure that countries in the world solve mainly has work Journey measure, chemical measure, biological control measure, engineering measure and chemical measure are although quick, but cost is high, the side effect of generation Greatly.For example using washing salinity by irrigation, not only water consumption is big (being 1.6 times of biological modification mode), can also be washed off greatly with leaching salt process Measure the mineral element that plant growth needs;Heavy metal pollution of soil can damage the environment of soil moved in improve the original;Chemical modifying can cause the secondary pollution of soil. From many-sided comprehensive analysis such as improved effect, Economic Benefit of Agricultural Production, biological modification measure is most economical, effective approach. Some halophytes have the function of to absorb salt ion in soil, so as to reduce the salinity in soil, while have increase soil The effect of nutrient content, improvement soil hardening situation in earth;Plant acts on the covering on ground, reduces evaporation from land, hinders Upper soll layer salt accumulation is hindered, so as to achieve the purpose that salt reduction of improving the soil.The biological control measure for planting salt-tolerant plant is improved along seabeach Salt-soda soil is applied, not only improves the protection to coastal area ecology ring change border, and is conducive to improve coastal area agricultural production efficiency, Improve coastal area the exploitation of agricultural land.
The research of biological control measure modified utilization salt-soda soil technical aspect is taken, domestic and foreign scholars do a lot of work.Ren Wei Etc. matrimony vine, alkali thatch, high fox thatch+clover, Salt-tolerant Wheat+alfalfa cultivation desalting effect of improving the soil of 2 years is had studied, elaborate in soil When salt content is higher than 1.5%, the yield in soil is higher than the yield after washing salinity by irrigation after being improved using biological mode;Biological modification Salt-soda soil is ecology, economic and social benefit and the saline and alkaline ground mode of excellent improvement (agricultural research in the arid areas, 2004,22 (4)). Wang Yuzhen etc. has studied research of 6 kinds of halophytes to alkaline land soil improvement situation, shows that Suaeda heteroptera changes topsoil Good effect is preferably (Agriculture of Anhui science, 2006,34 (5));Luo Ming etc. research shows that, plantation daghestan sweet clover, alkali thatch, the improvement such as clover Xinjiang soda sulfate meadow solonchak can reduce soil salt content, increase soil nutrient, improve ecological environment of soil, promote soil The activity of earth microorganism;Zhang Youfu etc. has studied the depression effect of alfalfa and fodder maize to irrigation areas soil salt, In 1m soil layers, alfalfa processing soil is averaged, and soluble organic fraction content than control reduction by 30.1%, (learn by Gansu Agriculture University Report, 2004,2);Wang Miao etc. has studied different halophytes to beach salty soil improved effect, shows Value of Spartina Anglica, field head in Jiangsu Beach area chloride salt-soda soil is promoted, and parvifolrine cogongrass-chinampoensis grass is mainly in Inner Mongol sulfate alkali and northeast 3 It is promoted with saving sodic soils, Agropyron elongatum is mainly promoted in the area such as Shandong Seashore chloride salt-soda soil and Xinjiang, Hunan cherry Son mainly Ningxia salinization of soil plough plant, it is yellowish-white spend 2 years sward wooden slippers Qinghai, Gansu, Xinjiang various regions light moderate sulfuric acid Saline-alkali soil area is promoted, and Chinese silvergrass is promoted on northeast province alkali-affected soil;Reed is in northwest each province sulfuric acid saline-alkali soil or alkali-affected soil (Agriculture of Anhui science, 2008,36 (7)) are utilized in development and improvement.Yao Rongjiang etc. has studied in coastal tidal, heavy salinized plants The control salt cultural method (201010545832.3) of plant, Liu Hongqing have studied the biological synthesis improvement method of salt-alkali shoaly land 200910210319.6, Xu Hualing have studied " Chinese Chinese tamarisk is in coastal tidal method of forestation " 201010109965.6, Yang Jingsong Have studied " method of Coastal beach glasswort high-yield planting and culture fertility " 201210140560.8.
Make a general survey of biological modification Status of Research, halophytes can play salt-soda soil certain improving effect, but due to Biological modification slowly effect, the time is long, carries how in a short time the marine solonchak soil quality of total soil phosphorus 2.0-2.5% The up to level of farmland production, and abridged edition is water-saving, it has also become and " coastal tidal change silo " strategic objective smoothly implements what is faced Realistic problem.
Invention content
The present invention for Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal area soil quality is poor, salinization and alkalization height, shortage of fresh water, physics, The realistic problem that salt-soda soil is of high cost, the single creature measure time is longer is administered in chemical measure, to promote Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal Soil fertility and realization crop production are target, provide a kind of Suaeda salsa-alfalfa-corn echelon plantation and administer Muddy Bottoms strand beach The method of painting.
The present invention solve its technical problem the technical solution adopted is that:
The method that Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal is administered in a kind of Suaeda salsa-alfalfa-corn echelon plantation, includes the following steps:
(1) 2 grades of draining leaching salt systems are built in Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal area, step is:
A. according to landform, trapezoidal 1 grade of draining leaching salt ditch is longitudinally excavated in soil remediation area, upper mouth width 3m, lower mouth width 1m are deep 2m is reduced and is administered area's level of ground water;The trend of trapezoidal 1 grade of draining leaching salt ditch is principle in order to draining, and salt is drenched in trapezoidal 1 grade of draining Ditch water inlet is arranged on raised fields eminence, the discharge outlet of trapezoidal 1 grade of draining leaching salt ditch be located at the low-lying place of raised fields and with close on irrigation canals and ditches, Pond communicates;
B. 25m is spaced, trapezoidal 2 grades of drainings leaching salt ditch of width 1.5m, deep 1.2m is laterally excavated, builds the small raised fields of bar shaped;
(2) structure leaching salt-Soil building arable layer, step are:
Soil 40-50cm first is ploughed deeply with excavator, forms leaching salt deposit;Then material improved materials cow dung, corn stalk are applied Each 5 m of stalk3/667m2, ardealite 1000kg/667m2, 20cm is turned over, is mixed uniformly, then rotary tillage 2 times, forms Soil building farming Layer;
(3) structure echelon promotes biological modification pattern, and step is:
A. rain supports type halophytes Suaeda salsa Vegetative restoration pattern:Structure field first stores rain pattern, encloses low bank between fields and sits the ridge, Build the low bank between fields or in shallow water of high 30cm, width 50cm in the edge of raised fields;Furrow pattern, ditch depth 15cm, ditch spacing 50cm, longitudinal ditch are taken in field The horizontal low bank between fields of same size is built every 30m;Suaeda salsa plantation period is selected in moisture and salt regime sluggish July, takes and broadcasts sowing Mode, application rate (5~6) g/m2;Autumn gathers in and removes field;
B. water-saving Suaeda salsa-clover echelon cropping pattern:July next year gathers in the Suaeda salsa grown naturally simultaneously Remove field;Apply ternary compound fertilizer (30~40) kg/667m2It is base manure, rotary tillage 20cm;Smooth field makees the plantation of no low bank between fields Furrow face, the wide 1.2m of furrow, the wide 30cm of furrow ditch, deep 15~20cm are penetrated through for the bright ditch of salt discharge, the exit or entrance of a clitch with draining leaching salt ditch between furrow;It broadcasts Kind clover, 1.5~2.0cm of seed level, application rate (0.5~1.0) kg/667m2, broadcast rear stalks mulching 1cm;Trickle irrigation system is installed after broadcasting System carries out trickle irrigation regulation and control soil salt according to soil plough horizon salt content and clover salt-tolerant threshold;
C. alfalfa-corn echelon promotes cropping pattern:After next year gathers in clover by the end of June, cow dung 3m is applied into field3/ 667m2, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (40~50) kg/667m2;Deep rotary tillage topsoil 20cm, chesson, by the relatively low rotation of salt content Soil layer is ploughed to stir and evenly mix with organic fertilizer, base manure;Trickle irrigation+ridge culture pattern is taken to sow, wide 40cm between ridge, the high 15cm in ridge, ridge spacing 80cm, sowing precocity, adaptable corn variety Zheng Dan 958 or Jing Nong sections 728;Drip irrigation system is installed after broadcasting, it is resistance to corn Salt threshold value is soil control salt standard, and topsoil soils salt content is to stop irrigating not higher than irrigating after control salt desired value.
Alternatively, in alfalfa-corn echelon promotes cropping pattern, after next year gathers in 2-3 clover, it is small that the winter is planted by the end of September Wheat, depth of planting 3cm or so;Salt tolerant, adaptable wheat breed are selected, rear trickle irrigation is broadcast and a small amount of multiple unsaturation is taken to fill Irrigate method.
Using the present invention of above-mentioned technical proposal, compared with prior art, advantage is:
(1) water-saving salt reduction:Suaeda salsa and clover sowing be selected in rainwater resource fully, the July of moisture and salt regime infrequently, Rainwater resource salt reduction moisture creating can be made full use of, has saved water resource needed for flood leaching salt;Meanwhile Suaeda salsa, clover can be formed Covered ground reduces the accumulation of phreatic water and substratum salinity in topsoil, achievees the purpose that water-saving salt reduction.
(2) abridged edition is improved the soil:Only 20cm soil layers are improved, material amounts are to have marine solonchak Treatment process 15%, it realizes abridged edition and improves the soil;Crop production combination ridge culture has built relatively fertile, loose, deep light soil for plant growth Environment, promotion improve plant (crop) emergence rate.
(3) biological salt reduction is combined with salt reduction of improving the soil, rainwater salt reduction, fresh water salt reduction, soil salt echelon is made to degrade, soil Quality echelon is promoted, and abridged edition puies forward effect:Improve the soil salt reduction, rainwater salt reduction are carried out to the coastal tidal of barren land first, make soil salt Degree is down to 1.5% hereinafter, structure pioneer's halophytes Suaeda salsa vegetation growth environment, facilitates the soil environment of biological salt reduction; Salt characteristic is inhaled using Suaeda salsa height, when soil salt is reduced to below 1.0%, is planted compared with Salt-tolerant Forage Grasses clover, rainwater drop Salt combines water-saving control salt and ensures full stand strong sprout;Big using its well developed root system, biomass, the good characteristic of improving soil treats soil salt When point being down to less than 0.7%, with reference to full stand yield-increasing technology, plantation high-yield crop corn, wheat reach the overall goal of high yield.
(4) ecological recovery is combined with agricultural production, has reached ecological benefits and economic benefit two-win.The present invention takes salt The comprehensive improvement on alkaline wasteland ground is the same as efficiently using being combined, making full use of rainwater resource to restore vegetation, the suction salt characteristic using plant Enhance salt reduction, improved the soil salt reduction using low cost improvement material combinations, physical measure, chemical measure, the combination of biological control measure, Realize low cost, quickly using coastal tidal agricultural production, promotion and arable land face to China's beach saline land ecological environment Long-pending increase has important practical significance.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to embodiments, but embodiment does not form any restrictions to the present invention.
It is located at through 119 ° 01.154 ' to the implementation of the present embodiment, the Tangshan, Hebei Province Cao Feidian that 37 ° 43.306 ' of north latitude The Muddy Bottoms Coastal saline land region in area.
To Project Areas, original landforms have carried out soil sample acquisition and soil quality analysis, and soil property glues weight, and soil texture is very poor, Unit weight is (1.33-2.27) g/cm3,>The big structure content of 0.25mm is 7.5%,<0.25mm microstructure contents are 92.5% (being shown in Table 1);0~20cm topsoil soils total salt content 2.3~5.2% is severe marine solonchak (being shown in Table 2);Soil nutrient deficiency, Vegetation is based on Suaeda salsa, and coverage rate is below 2%;Underground water 2.6~3.5m of buried depth, the degree of mineralization of ground water (11.1~30.1) g/l.Soil salt is high, soil quality difference be coastal sludge matter marine solonchak soil fertility promoted and the major obstacle of crop production because Son.
1 Project Areas soil agreegate content of table
2 Project Areas soil physical and chemical property index of table
Suaeda salsa-clover-wheat echelon plantation promotes Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal soil fertility and the method for carrying out crop production, Main implementation link is as follows:
(1) 2 grades of draining leaching salt systems are built.
Start in April, 2014 to carry out consolidation to Project Areas, according to landform, depth 2m, width are longitudinally excavated in the East and West direction south The total salt discharge ditches of 3m;Width 1.5m, depth 1.2m salt discharge ditches are laterally excavated every 25m, builds up 2 grades of draining leaching salt trench systems.
(2) Soil building, structure leaching salt-arable layer.
The structure " leaching salt-arable layer " step is:Soil 40-50cm is ploughed deeply with excavator, forms leaching salt deposit;Uniformly Spread fertilizer over the fields each 5m of decomposed cow dung, crushing maize stalk3/667m2, ardealite 1000kg/667m2, deep ploughed twice with tractor, then revolve It ploughs twice, forms Soil building arable layer.
(3) Suaeda salsa revegetation.
Field stores rain engineering system:It encloses low bank between fields and sits the ridge, the low bank between fields or in shallow water of high 30cm, width 50cm are built at the edge of raised fields.It is adopted in field Take furrow pattern, ditch depth 15cm, furrow width 30cm, ditch spacing 50cm.Longitudinal ditch builds the horizontal low bank between fields of same size every 30m or so, Retaining rainfall to greatest extent, accomplishing not generate runoff or generating runoff less, rainwater utilization and enhancing leaching salt effect are improved.
Suaeda salsa is planted:Suaeda salsa, application rate are sowed using the easy means of artificial broadcast in mid-July, 2014 (5~6) g/m2.Restore Suaeda salsa vegetation using rainwater resource, autumn gathers in and removes field.
(4) Suaeda salsa-clover echelon promotes cropping pattern:
Preceding stubble processing:The Suaeda salsa grown naturally is gathered at the beginning of 7 months 2015 and removes field;
Pre-sowing treatment:Apply ternary compound fertilizer (30~40) kg/667m2It is base manure, rotary tillage 20cm;
Do high ridge:Make the plantation furrow face without low bank between fields, the wide 1.2m of furrow, the wide 30cm of furrow ditch, deep 15~20cm is bright for salt discharge between furrow Ditch, the exit or entrance of a clitch are penetrated through with salt discharge ditch;
Sowing:High furrow ditch is broadcast, and deep-cuts the shallow earthing of ditch.The seed furrow of 3 10cm is dug in furrow face, " three get profit, Xinjiang is big for selection The alfalfa variety that the emergences such as leaf clover " are fast, salt tolerance is strong, ditch is interior to be sowed, and broadcasts rear shallow 1.5~2.0cm of earthing.Application rate (0.5~ 1.0)kg/667m2
Salt-water regulation:Irrigation before seeding salt reduction broadcasts rear earthing, reduces hard shell situation;There is condition of drip irrigation, broadcast rear unsaturation drop It fills trickle irrigation 1-2 times, rainwater resource is utilized after emergence.
(5) alfalfa-corn echelon promotes cropping pattern:After gather in clover in by the end of June, 2016, cow dung is applied into field 3m3/667m2, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (40~50) kg/667m2;Deep rotary tillage topsoil 20cm, chesson are relatively low by salt content Rotary tillage soil layer stirred and evenly mixed with organic fertilizer, base manure;" trickle irrigation+ridge culture " pattern is taken to sow, wide 40cm, the high 15cm in ridge between ridge, Ridge spacing 80cm, seeding corn kind " Zheng Dan 958 ", seed level 3cm;Drip irrigation system is installed, using corn salt-tolerant threshold as soil after broadcasting Earth control salt standard, topsoil soils salt content are irrigated not higher than i.e. stopping after control salt desired value is irrigated;According to corn usual manner into Row field management.
The present invention takes biological salt reduction to be combined with inexpensive material salt reduction, agronomy salt reduction, reduces modified utilization cost; Muddy Bottoms marine solonchak viscosity is reduced, soil quality is improved, and soil nutrient content is promoted, and enhances coastal tidal biology Production capacity (is shown in Table 3- tables 5).
3 echelon of table plants the influence to soil texture
4 echelon of table plants the influence to soil physico-chemical index
The biological salt reduction effect of table 5
The foregoing is merely preferably feasible embodiments of the invention, not thereby limit to the interest field of the present invention, All equivalence changes made with description of the invention and content are both contained within the interest field of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. the method that Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal is administered in a kind of Suaeda salsa-alfalfa-corn echelon plantation, which is characterized in that including Following step:
(1) 2 grades of draining leaching salt systems are built in Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal area, step is:
A. according to landform, the trapezoidal 1 grade of draining leaching salt ditch of excavation in soil remediation area longitudinal direction, upper mouth width 3m, lower mouth width 1m, deep 2m, It reduces and administers area's level of ground water;The trend of trapezoidal 1 grade of draining leaching salt ditch is principle in order to draining, and salt ditch is drenched in trapezoidal 1 grade of draining Water inlet is arranged on raised fields eminence, and the discharge outlet of trapezoidal 1 grade of draining leaching salt ditch is located at the low-lying place of raised fields and with closing on irrigation canals and ditches, pond The pool communicates;
B. 25m is spaced, trapezoidal 2 grades of drainings leaching salt ditch of width 1.5m, deep 1.2m is laterally excavated, builds the small raised fields of bar shaped;
(2) structure leaching salt-Soil building arable layer, step are:
Soil 40-50cm first is ploughed deeply with excavator, forms leaching salt deposit;Then application material improved materials cow dung, maize straw are each 5m3/667m2, ardealite 1000kg/667m2, 20cm is turned over, is mixed uniformly, then rotary tillage 2 times, forms Soil building arable layer;
(3) structure echelon promotes biological modification pattern, and step is:
A. rain supports type halophytes Suaeda salsa Vegetative restoration pattern:Structure field first stores rain pattern, encloses low bank between fields and sits the ridge, in raised fields Edge build the low bank between fields or in shallow water of high 30cm, width 50cm;Take furrow pattern in field, ditch depth 15cm, ditch spacing 50cm, longitudinal ditch every 30m builds the horizontal low bank between fields of same size;Suaeda salsa plantation period is selected in moisture and salt regime sluggish July, takes the mode of broadcasting sowing, Application rate (5~6) g/m2;Autumn gathers in and removes field;
B. water-saving Suaeda salsa-clover echelon cropping pattern:Naturally the Suaeda salsa grown is gathered in and removed by July next year Field;Apply ternary compound fertilizer (30~40) kg/667m2It is base manure, rotary tillage 20cm;Smooth field makees the plantation furrow face of no low bank between fields, The wide 1.2m of furrow, the wide 30cm of furrow ditch, deep 15~20cm are penetrated through for the bright ditch of salt discharge, the exit or entrance of a clitch with draining leaching salt ditch between furrow;Sow lucerne Mu, 1.5~2.0cm of seed level, application rate (0.5~1.0) kg/667m2, broadcast rear stalks mulching 1cm;Drip irrigation system is installed after broadcasting, Trickle irrigation regulation and control soil salt is carried out according to soil plough horizon salt content and clover salt-tolerant threshold;
C. alfalfa-corn echelon promotes cropping pattern:After next year gathers in clover by the end of June, cow dung 3m is applied into field3/667m2, Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (40~50) kg/667m2;Deep rotary tillage topsoil 20cm, chesson, by the relatively low rotary tillage soil layer of salt content It is stirred and evenly mixed with organic fertilizer, base manure;Trickle irrigation+ridge culture pattern is taken to sow, wide 40cm between ridge, the high 15cm in ridge, ridge spacing 80cm are broadcast Kind precocity, adaptable corn variety Zheng Dan 958 or Jing Nong sections 728;Drip irrigation system is installed, with corn salt-tolerant threshold after broadcasting For soil control salt standard, topsoil soils salt content is irrigated not higher than i.e. stopping after control salt desired value is irrigated.
2. the method that Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal is administered in Suaeda salsa according to claim 1-alfalfa-corn echelon plantation, It is characterized in that:Alfalfa-corn echelon is promoted in cropping pattern, and after next year gathers in 2-3 clover, Winter Wheat Planted, broadcasts by the end of September Kind depth 3cm or so;Variety selection salt tolerant, adaptable wheat breed broadcast rear trickle irrigation and a small amount of multiple unsaturation are taken to fill Irrigate method.
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