CN210275048U - Change ecological infiltration engineering system of ditch of soil saline and alkaline - Google Patents
Change ecological infiltration engineering system of ditch of soil saline and alkaline Download PDFInfo
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- CN210275048U CN210275048U CN201920887075.4U CN201920887075U CN210275048U CN 210275048 U CN210275048 U CN 210275048U CN 201920887075 U CN201920887075 U CN 201920887075U CN 210275048 U CN210275048 U CN 210275048U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a change ecological infiltration engineering system of ditch of saline and alkaline soil, including the ditch of watering, the drainage ditch, arbor area, ground is planted thing district, the ditch of watering, drainage ditch and water supply part, ground is planted thing district and is a plurality of, arbor area is around the setting of ground by planting thing district, arbor area is around the setting of arbor area, the ditch of watering communicates with each other with water supply part, the ditch of watering transversely sets up in the ecological infiltration engineering system of ditch of changing saline and alkaline soil and lies in between a plurality of ground by the plant area, ground is planted thing district and the ditch of watering and communicates with each other through the ditch of watering and sets up, the drainage ditch is located the periphery that changes the ecological infiltration engineering system of ditch of saline and alkaline soil, ground is planted thing district and is communicated with each other with the drainage ditch and sets up through the drainage ditch. The utility model is suitable for a saline and alkaline land improvement afforestation can obviously improve the physicochemical property of soil, has advantages such as the construction is simple, high-efficient convenient, take effect soon, has spreading value.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a saline and alkaline land improvement administers the field, especially relates to a change saline and alkaline ditch ecological infiltration engineering system of soil.
Background
The soil is the foundation on which green plants live, and provides nutrients, moisture and physical and chemical conditions for plant growth. The condition of the soil directly affects the survival, growth rate and growth quality of the plants. However, saline-alkali soil contains too high alkaline salt substances, so that the osmotic pressure is too high, plant cells are difficult to absorb water in the soil, plant nutrition disorder is caused, and the damage to plant growth is large.
At present, the method for improving the saline-alkali soil in China mainly comprises physical improvement and biological improvement. The physical improvement method reduces the underground water level by means of traditional water conservancy and agricultural engineering measures, adopts a 'flood irrigation' mode to dissolve the salt and alkali in the soil and then discharge the dissolved salt and alkali out of the system, and can weaken the accumulation of salt on the surface layer of the soil. The main biological improvement methods include the technologies of planting rice, planting saline-alkali tolerant crops, using microbial fertilizers and the like, and have the characteristics of low cost, lasting effect, resource saving and the like. On the one hand, halophilic bacteria can accumulate partial salinity under the condition of tolerating higher salinity and alkalinity, but can not transfer microorganisms out of soil, and the life activities of the microorganisms are in the salinity and alkalinity soil, so that the salinity and alkalinity are not substantially changed. On the other hand, the saline-alkali soil generally has a low organic matter level, which also restricts the growth of plants, thereby affecting the improvement effect.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses the main technical problem who solves provides a change saline and alkaline ditch ecological infiltration engineering system of soil, can realize saline and alkaline soil's quick improvement and compound green.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses a technical scheme be: provides a ditch ecological infiltration engineering system for changing soil saline-alkali, which comprises an irrigation ditch, a drainage ditch, a tree belt area, a shrub belt area, a ground vegetation area, an irrigation branch ditch, a drainage branch ditch and a water supply part, the vegetation area is a plurality of, the shrub belt area is arranged around the vegetation area, the arbor belt area is arranged around the shrub belt area, the irrigation ditch is communicated with the water supply part, the irrigation ditch is transversely arranged in the ditch ecological infiltration engineering system for changing the soil saline-alkali and is positioned among a plurality of vegetation areas, the vegetation region and the irrigation ditch are communicated through the irrigation branch ditch, the drainage ditch is positioned at the periphery of the ditch ecological infiltration engineering system for changing the soil saline-alkali, and the vegetation region and the drainage ditch are communicated through the drainage branch ditch.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the area ratio of the arbor belt region, the shrub belt region and the ground vegetation region is 1:2: 7; the vegetation plants planted on the vegetation area are Portulaca grandiflora, festuca arundinacea and ryegrass, a seed sowing mode is adopted, shrubs planted on the shrubbery area are oleander, amorpha fruticosa and hibiscus hamabo, and trees planted on the arbor area are metasequoia and salix matsudana.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ecological infiltration engineering system for irrigation canals and ditches for changing the saline and alkaline content of the soil further comprises a first gate and a second gate, the first gate is disposed at the junction of the ground vegetation region and the drainage branch canal, and the second gate is disposed at the junction of the irrigation canal and the irrigation branch canal.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ecological infiltration engineering system for irrigation canals and ditches for changing the saline and alkaline content of the soil further comprises an overflow plate, wherein the overflow plate is disposed at the junction of the irrigation canals and the drainage canals.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ecological infiltration engineering system for ditch for changing saline and alkaline soil further comprises a plastic film, wherein the plastic film is laid in the ecological infiltration engineering system for ditch for changing saline and alkaline soil.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water supply unit includes a water collecting tank and a lift pump, one end of the lift pump communicates with the inlet water, the other end communicates with the water collecting tank, and the water collecting tank communicates with the irrigation ditch.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the width and depth of the irrigation ditch is 1.0m × 0.6m, the width and depth of the irrigation branch ditch is 0.6m × 0.7m, the width and depth of the drainage branch ditch is 0.6m × 0.8m, and the width and depth of the drainage ditch is 1.0m × 1.0 m.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the irrigation ditch ecological infiltration engineering system for changing saline and alkaline soil further comprises a flat land and a water source point selection, wherein the flat land is a flat original saline and alkaline land, the flat land is formed by properly loosening the soil body of the plate joint and removing the large solid wastes under the surface layer, the soil layers of the original saline and alkaline land are not mixed or disturbed, the water source point selection is a nearby water source access point, and the water mineralization degree in the non-saline and alkaline land is selected<1 g · kg-1Or the degree of mineralization of the water body in saline-alkali soil regions<2 g· kg-1。
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ecological infiltration engineering system for canal for changing saline and alkaline soil further comprises a chemical method, wherein the chemical method is to add desulfurization gypsum, the application amount of the desulfurization gypsum is 1-2% of the weight of the soil, and the application depth of the desulfurization gypsum is not less than 20 cm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the irrigation ditch ecological infiltration engineering system for changing saline and alkaline soil further comprises a biological method of adding garden waste into the arbor belt region and the shrub belt region for releasing earthworms.
The utility model has the advantages that: the utility model discloses a change saline and alkaline ecological infiltration engineering system of ditch of soil, to the saline and alkaline soil improvement method of present stage single and limitation, adopt physics, chemistry, biology, the saline and alkaline mode of improvement soil that engineering and plant combined together, can realize the optimization to soil composition, the improvement of soil structure, the improvement of irrigation and drainage system and the introduction of resistant saline and alkaline plant, soil saline and alkaline land improvement combines together with the afforestation, be applicable to saline and alkaline land improvement afforestation, can obviously improve the physicochemical property of soil, the construction is simple, high efficiency is convenient, take effect advantage such as fast, and has popularization value.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained without inventive work, wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a preferred embodiment of the ecological infiltration engineering system for a ditch for changing soil salinity and alkalinity of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The utility model discloses the ecological infiltration engineering system of ditch that changes saline and alkaline soil is at the requirement of leveling land and water source point selection and is: leveling original saline-alkali soil, properly loosening the plate-tied soil body, and removing large solid wastes below the surface layer, but paying attention to the fact that all soil layers are not mixed or disturbed; the water source access point is selected nearby and the water mineralization degree is ensured<1 g · kg-1(non-saline-alkali soil region) or<2 g · kg-1(saline-alkali soil area), laying pipelines and pumping water by adopting a power lifting mode.
The ecological infiltration engineering system of the ditch for changing the saline-alkali soil adopts a mode of improving the saline-alkali soil by combining physics, chemistry, biology, engineering and plants, wherein the physics mode mainly comprises irrigation and salt washing and water-soil linkage; the chemical mode is mainly that the desulfurized gypsum improves the soil; the engineering mode is mainly that trees and shrubs are planted around the field to form a surrounding shape, and the wind and salt can be prevented to facilitate the growth of plants; the biological mode mainly adopts the mode of adding garden wastes and simultaneously introducing earthworms into the tree pits to improve the fertility; the plant mode mainly comprises the steps of selecting salt-tolerant plants and salt-absorbing plants to realize alkali reduction and salt washing.
Referring to fig. 1, an ecological infiltration engineering system for irrigation ditches for changing soil saline-alkali is provided, which includes an irrigation ditch 1, a drainage ditch 2, a tree zone area 3, a tree zone area 4, a vegetation area 5, an irrigation branch ditch 6, a drainage branch ditch 7, a first gate 8, a second gate, an overflow plate 9 and a water supply component. The vegetation region 5 is plural, the shrub belt region 4 is provided around the vegetation region 5, and the arbor belt region 3 is provided around the shrub belt region 4. Shrubs can be planted on the shrub belt area 4, trees can be planted on the arbor belt area 3, and ground vegetation can be planted on the ground vegetation area 5. The ground cover plant can be selected from Portulaca grandiflora, Festuca arundinacea and Lolium perenne, the seed sowing mode is adopted, the shrub can be selected from oleander, amorpha fruticosa and hibiscus hamabo, the arbor can be selected from metasequoia and salix matsudana, the shrub and arbor are transplanted in tree holes, and the sand covering is carried out on the surface layers of the shrub area 4 and the arbor area 3. The shrub area 4 and the arbor area 3 are in a surrounding shape, can prevent wind and salt and is beneficial to plant growth, and the middle part is the ground vegetation area 5. The area ratio of the arbor strip area 3, the shrub strip area 4 and the vegetation area 5 is 1:2: 7. This type of tree and shrub enclosure may be referred to as "well-field interplanting".
The water supply component comprises a water collecting tank 10 and a lifting pump 11, one end of the lifting pump 11 is communicated with inlet water, the other end of the lifting pump is communicated with the water collecting tank 10, the water collecting tank 10 is communicated with the irrigation ditch 1, namely, the irrigation ditch 1 is communicated with the water supply component, and the water supply component can supply water to the irrigation ditch 1. According to the restriction of the site terrain, the water pumping mode of the lifting pump 11 can be considered, the irrigation water enters the water collecting tank 10 after being lifted by the lifting pump 11, and the water collecting tank 10 can play roles in buffering and efficiency.
The irrigation ditch 1 is transversely arranged in the ditch ecological infiltration engineering system for changing the saline and alkaline soil and is positioned inBetween a plurality of said vegetation zones 5, generally in the middle of the field, the field is divided into a plurality of said vegetation zones 5. The vegetation area 5 is communicated with the irrigation ditch 1 through the irrigation branch canal 6. The drainage ditch 2 is arranged at the periphery of the ditch ecological infiltration engineering system for changing the soil saline-alkali, namely around the field, and the vegetation area 5 and the drainage ditch 2 are communicated through the drainage branch ditch 7. And a plastic film is laid in the ditch ecological infiltration engineering system for changing the saline and alkaline of the soil, and the plastic film can prevent the salt in the soil from dissolving in irrigation water. The area of a single block in the ditch ecological infiltration engineering system for changing the saline and alkaline of the soil is 5000m2~10000m2The whole saline-alkali soil engineering to be improved consists of a plurality of blocks, and the inside of each block is connected with an irrigation branch canal 6 and a drainage branch canal 7 for irrigation and salt washing.
The second gate is arranged at the joint of the irrigation ditch 1 and the irrigation branch canal 6, and can control the water quantity of the irrigation ditch 1 flowing into the land through the irrigation branch canal 6. The first gate 8 is provided at the junction of the vegetation zone 5 and the drainage branch channel 7, the height of the first gate 8 is controlled to control the depth of water in the vegetation zone 5 to be 20cm, and when the water level exceeds the highest height of the first gate 8, excess water can overflow from above the first gate 8 into the drainage branch channel 7. The junction of irrigation ditch 1 with drainage ditch 2 is provided with overflow plate 9, can guarantee to work as when the ecological infiltration engineering system of ditch that changes saline and alkaline soil meets rainfall or emergency has large-traffic water to converge, when the water level surpasses behind the summit of overflow plate 9, unnecessary water can be followed overflow plate 9's top is gone into in the drainage ditch 2.
The irrigation and salt washing are carried out by the irrigation ditch 1, the drainage ditch 2, the irrigation branch ditch 6, the drainage branch ditch 7, the first gate 8, the overflow plate 9 and the water supply component of the ecological infiltration engineering system for the ditch for changing the saline and alkaline soil, and the ditch system for irrigation and drainage separation can be established in the field to carry out large-flow irrigation and salt washing by utilizing the advantages of abundant fresh water resources around the system. The irrigation ditch 1, the drainage ditch 2, the irrigation branch ditch 6 and the drainage branch ditch 7 have certain height difference, so that gravity flow irrigation and drainage can be realized. The width and the depth of the irrigation ditch 1 are 1.0m multiplied by 0.6m, the width and the depth of the irrigation branch ditch 6 are 0.6m multiplied by 0.7m, the width and the depth of the drainage branch ditch 7 are 0.6m multiplied by 0.8m, and the width and the depth of the drainage ditch 2 are 1.0m multiplied by 1.0 m. The irrigation and drainage ditch ecological infiltration engineering system for changing the saline and alkaline of the soil is used for performing large-flow irrigation and drainage alkali reduction and desalting before greening planting, and after the subsequent field is re-greened, the irrigation and drainage ditch can perform regular irrigation and salt washing and can also perform the function of watering and maintaining the plants.
The chemical mode is to use inorganic improved material which is desulfurized gypsum, and utilize calcium ions of the desulfurized gypsum to exchange replaceable sodium ions on the soil colloid, so that the sodium ions are transferred into the soil solution from the soil colloid and discharged out of the system along with irrigation water. The application amount of the desulfurized gypsum is 1-2% of the soil weight, and in the embodiment, the soil weight added in the saline-alkali soil of the subsequent vegetation is 270kg/m2The application amount of the desulfurized gypsum is 5kg/m2. The desulfurized gypsum is scattered on the surface layer according to the application amount and is turned into the soil, and the depth is not less than 20 cm.
The biological mode comprises adopting garden waste which is an organic medium, and composting and curing the pruned branch and fallen leaves to form an organic improvement material, thereby improving the soil. In the subsequent process of sowing seeds on the ground cover plants, the saline-alkali soil in the ground cover plant area 5 and the original planting soil are prepared into nutrient soil according to the volume ratio of 1:4, and in the subsequent process of planting trees and shrubs, the saline-alkali soil in the tree belt area 3 and the shrub belt area 4 and the original planting soil are prepared into nutrient soil according to the volume ratio of 1: 4. The garden waste and the original planting soil are mixed fully. Meanwhile, earthworms are put in the arbor zone area 3 and the shrub zone area 4, and the permeability and the fertility of soil are increased through the life activities of the earthworms. Specifically, at least 80 earthworms per square meter are added into the surface soil, cow dung is mixed, and straws are paved. The number of earthworms is checked regularly, and the number of the earthworms to be thrown is increased timely according to the survival condition of the earthworms. And applying desulfurized gypsum to the lower layer of the saline-alkali soil and uniformly mixing, and applying garden waste to the upper layer of the soil and uniformly mixing with undisturbed soil.
The area of a residue soil emergency absorption area on the west side of the 3# surrounding area of a Pudong airport in Shanghai is about 6000 square meters, which is a demonstration project of scientific research nature.
Early soil quality evaluation shows that the possibility of natural vegetation recovery is low, strong soil alkalinity and high salt content are the primary barrier factors, and organic matter and total nitrogen content are also the primary barrier factors. The specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) irrigation and drainage system arrangement and irrigation salt washing
The irrigation ditch 1 and the irrigation branch ditches 6 are excavated, a thick plastic film is used for preventing seepage, fresh water of the enclosure river is extracted by a lifting pump 11, namely a diesel engine water pump, and enters the irrigation ditch 1, and the irrigation branch ditches 6 are arranged along two sides of the irrigation ditch 1 to guide the fresh water to enter project plots on two sides. And (3) excavating a drainage ditch 2 and a drainage branch ditch 7, dissolving salt and alkali in soil of project plots into a water body, opening a first gate 8, draining water into the drainage branch ditch 7, and then flowing into the drainage ditch 2 to realize the purpose of reducing the salt and alkali in the soil. Water is drained 1 time per week, and the water is continuously filled for about 8 weeks to wash the salt.
(2) Saline alkali soil improved by organic and inorganic materials
Organic improved materials, namely garden waste, inorganic improved materials (desulfurized gypsum) and planting soil, which are subjected to composting fermentation by adopting organic materials are mixed to form nutrient soil, and backfilling is carried out in a ground vegetation area 5, a arbor area 3 and a shrub area 4.
(3) Arbor and shrub grass screening and adaptability comparison research
2-3 kinds of arbor, shrub and herb are selected respectively, and arbor, shrub and herb which are suitable for growing on the soil of the slag soil emergency absorption project of the No. 3 surrounding area of the Pudong airport are selected and compared.
(4) Study on soil fertility improvement by adding earthworms to tree pits
Earthworms, cow dung and straws are added into the concrete pits, and compared with trees without the concrete pits, the soil fertility is compared and researched.
Example results:
after the saline-alkali soil of the project area is comprehensively improved for one year, each index is within the range of standard requirements of landscaping soil, and the project area has good greening effect.
The above only is the embodiment of the present invention, not limiting the patent scope of the present invention, all of which utilize the equivalent structure or equivalent flow transformation made by the content of the specification of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, all included in the same way in the patent protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An ecological infiltration engineering system of a ditch for changing soil saline-alkali, which is characterized by comprising an irrigation ditch, a drainage ditch, a tree belt area, a shrub belt area, a ground vegetation area, an irrigation branch ditch, a drainage branch ditch and a water supply part, the vegetation area is a plurality of, the shrub belt area is arranged around the vegetation area, the arbor belt area is arranged around the shrub belt area, the irrigation ditch is communicated with the water supply part, the irrigation ditch is transversely arranged in the ditch ecological infiltration engineering system for changing the soil saline-alkali and is positioned among a plurality of vegetation areas, the vegetation region and the irrigation ditch are communicated through the irrigation branch ditch, the drainage ditch is positioned at the periphery of the ditch ecological infiltration engineering system for changing the soil saline-alkali, and the vegetation region and the drainage ditch are communicated through the drainage branch ditch.
2. The ecological infiltration irrigation system of canals for modifying the salinity and alkalinity of soil according to claim 1, characterized in that the area ratio of the arbor belt area, shrub belt area and vegetation area is 1:2: 7.
3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a first gate disposed at the junction of the vegetation zone and the drainage lateral and a second gate disposed at the junction of the irrigation canal and the irrigation lateral.
4. The ecological infiltration engineering system of ditch for changing soil saline alkali of claim 1, which further comprises an overflow plate, wherein the overflow plate is arranged at the joint of the irrigation ditch and the drainage ditch.
5. The ecological infiltration engineering system of ditch for changing soil salinity and alkalinity of claim 1, wherein, the ecological infiltration engineering system of ditch for changing soil salinity and alkalinity further comprises a plastic film, and the plastic film is laid in the ecological infiltration engineering system of ditch for changing soil salinity and alkalinity.
6. The ecological infiltration engineering system of ditch for changing saline and alkaline of soil of claim 1, characterized in that, the water supply part includes catch basin and elevator pump, the elevator pump one end communicates with intaking, the other end communicates with the catch basin, the catch basin communicates with the irrigation ditch.
7. The ecological infiltration engineering system of ditch for changing soil saline-alkali soil of claim 1, characterized in that the width and depth of the irrigation ditch is 1.0m x 0.6m, the width and depth of the irrigation branch ditch is 0.6m x 0.7m, the width and depth of the drainage branch ditch is 0.6m x 0.8m, and the width and depth of the drainage ditch is 1.0m x 1.0 m.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201920887075.4U CN210275048U (en) | 2019-06-13 | 2019-06-13 | Change ecological infiltration engineering system of ditch of soil saline and alkaline |
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| CN201920887075.4U CN210275048U (en) | 2019-06-13 | 2019-06-13 | Change ecological infiltration engineering system of ditch of soil saline and alkaline |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110169225A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-27 | 上海十方生态园林股份有限公司 | A kind of lateral canal ecology diafiltration engineering system changing soil alkaline |
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2019
- 2019-06-13 CN CN201920887075.4U patent/CN210275048U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110169225A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-27 | 上海十方生态园林股份有限公司 | A kind of lateral canal ecology diafiltration engineering system changing soil alkaline |
| CN110169225B (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2023-04-07 | 上海十方生态园林股份有限公司 | Change ecological infiltration engineering system of ditch of soil saline and alkaline |
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