CN101849454B - Biological synthesis improvement method of salt-alkali shoaly land - Google Patents
Biological synthesis improvement method of salt-alkali shoaly land Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a biological synthesis improvement method of a salt-alkali shoaly land, which comprises the following steps of: 1) turning the soil and grooving; 2) downward excavating a plurality of water pouring blind ditches at the bottom of a groove, wherein the water pouring blind ditches are connected with a compulsory drainage well or a municipal drainage well; 3) paving corrosion-resistant pervious materials in the water pouring blind ditches, filling with soil sediments, and coating the soil sediments with the corrosion-resistant pervious materials; 4) paving a water pouring layer at the bottom of the groove, and arranging a side leakage-proof interlayer at the periphery of the groove; 5) evenly blending original groove soil with crushed wild plants, and refilling to the groove; 6) arranging a plurality of perpendicular pendant-shaped wild plant water pouring pillars, wherein the perpendicular pendant-shaped wild plant water pouring pillars are directly communicated with the wild plant water pouring layer; 7) reducing the salinity of the improved soil to be less than 0.3% through watering by natural rain or fresh water; and 8) paving an alkaline land acid ameliorant at the surface of the ground, and stirring by means of rotary tillage, so that the ameliorant is convenient for neutralizing the surface layer of the alkaline soil to lead the pH value to be less than 8.0 so as to finally realize the soil improvement which meets the soil greening. The method has low investment cost and can effectively protect the resources.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the soil improvement field, relate in particular to a kind of modification method of salt-alkali shoaly land.
Background technology
China is a populous country, and grain is the basis of Chinese national economy, is exactly the base of destroying grain-production so destroy the farmland.The area in country excavation farmland in the process of development coastal area economy is increasing; If adhere to regular improvement and the greening of making solonchak of farmland planting soil soil removal and replacement; With destroying a large amount of farmlands, the destruction of bringing enormous economic loss and social resources to country; Therefore press for a kind of both ecological, environmental protectives, can practice thrift cost of investment again, and the method that can improve the salt-soda soil well.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of method of environment protection biological improvement salt-alkali shoaly land is provided.
A kind of biological synthesis improvement method of salt-alkali shoaly land, this method comprises following steps:
(1) fluting of digging;
(2) excavate some trickle french drains downwards at bottom land, the trickle french drain is connected with forced-ventilated well or municipal drainage well;
(3) in said trickle french drain, lay anticorrosion seepy material earlier, fill slag stone then, then slag stone is wrapped with this anticorrosion seepy material;
(4) the trickle layer in bottom land shop, and anti-side is set around groove oozes interlayer;
(5) former groove soil and broken wild plant are evenly mixed in the back backfill groove or evenly mix more broken wild plant being layed on the former groove soil after in the former groove earthen backfill groove;
(6) some vertical cylindricality wild plant trickle posts are set, the direct and wild plant trickle layer connection of this vertical cylindricality wild plant trickle post;
(7) through natural rainfall or fresh water pouring, the salinity of improving the soil is reduced to below 0.3%;
(8) the acid modifying agent in salt-soda soil, shop, the face of land stirs through rotary tillage, so that be neutralized to the pH value below 8.0 with the basic soil top layer, and the final soil improvement that realizes satisfying the soil greening.
This method also comprises the steps: after former groove earthen backfill, does furrow retaining low bank between fields on the top layer of will improving the soil, with interception natural rainfall or fresh water pouring;
This method also comprises the steps: in improved, process, trickle entered in the cistern of lake or underground setting to reclaim and recycle.
If need the block area of improvement bigger, can evenly mix more broken wild plant being layed on the former groove soil after in the former groove earthen backfill groove when mixing in the above-mentioned steps (5); If need the block area of improvement little, mix Shi Kexian former groove soil is evenly mixed with broken wild plant after again in the backfill groove.
Saline and alkaline beach land soil; It mainly is change through soil texture; Make original soil that hardens become the stronger soil of loose permeability, strengthened under the infiltrating of natural rainfall and fresh water pouring resource in soil and drenched function, the salt-soda soil is through the fresh water pouring of one to two month and the drip washing of natural rainfall; Salinity in the soil is dropped to below 0.3% soon, reach standard-required.The trickle function of the alkaline land soil after the improvement is lasting eternal, therefore after soil salt content is reduced to below 0.3%, can collect drenching underground water after natural rainfall and the fresh water pouring, carries out recycling dry season saving freshwater resources that can be a large amount of.
In the above-mentioned steps (1), groove depth is a 0.5-1.5 rice, and groove width is a 10-20 rice.
In the above-mentioned steps (2), the trickle french drain can be made up of orthogonal dried trickle french drain and trunk trickle french drain, and trunk trickle french drain is connected with forced-ventilated well or municipal drainage well.This dried trickle french drain can be 18-22 centimetre wide, and 28-32 centimetre dark.
In the above-mentioned steps (3), anticorrosion seepy material can be anticorrosion woven cloth.
In the above-mentioned steps (4), the trickle layer can adopt pulvilliform stalk or weeds, and pulvilliform stalk or weeds are thickness 4-8 centimetre, width 1-3 rice, and length 2-4 rice, the thickness of trickle layer are 15-20 centimetre; The thickness of this pulvilliform stalk or weeds is preferably 5 centimetres, and width is preferably 2 centimetres, and length is preferably 3 meters, and the thickness of laying the trickle layer is 20 centimetres.It can be plastics that anti-side is oozed interlayer, and it extends downward the trickle layer, upwards exceeds face of land 10-20 centimetre, and real with soil pressure.
In the above-mentioned steps (6), cylindricality wild plant trickle post is a stalk wushu cylindricality trickle post, and total length is a 0.4-0.7 rice, and diameter can be 10-15 centimetre, and with nylon rope colligation 4-6 road, the per pass rope is 0.1-0.3 rice at interval.This wild plant can be stalk or weeds.
In the above-mentioned steps (8), the laying depth of the acid modifying agent in salt-soda soil can be 5-10 centimetre.
In the above-mentioned steps (2), the particle diameter of slag stone can be 2-4 centimetre.
The present invention has like advantage with respect to existing modification method for salt-alkali shoaly land:
(1) low, resource conservation effectively, especially farmland of easy construction, cost of investment avoided destroying.
(2) can be according to the situation on the spot of various places salt-alkali shoaly land; Comprise that the degree of saliferous height, soil compaction, local more available resources of drainage condition and this area carry out, the characteristics on the spot according to each regional salt-alkali shoaly land of suiting measures to local conditions are formulated effective technical measures.
(3) utilize the wild vegetation be grown in salt-alkali shoaly land, strengthen the permeability of soil, can carry out desalination to soil preferably and foster and apply fertilizer, combine water salt to migrate again, thereby can significantly reduce the improvement cost.
(4) not only handle some waste materials that are prone to cause contaminated environment harm, increased the organic composition in the soil again fast, thereby created good environmental condition for the late growing stage of nursery stock vegetation.
(5) practice thrift freshwater resources effectively, make full use of and be discharged to underground waste water after natural rainfall infiltrates and carry out recycle.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the embodiment of the invention 1 needs improvement location active section to divide floor map.
Fig. 2 is the fluting working face sketch map of digging in the embodiment of the invention 1 step 1.
Fig. 3 is the embodiment of the invention 1 a slot grooving generalized section.
Fig. 4 is the embodiment of the invention 1 step 2 trickle french drain (comprising an a trunk trickle french drain and a dried trickle french drain) layout floor map.
Fig. 5 is the embodiment of the invention 1 step 2 a dried trickle french drain generalized section.
Fig. 6 lays the generalized section of anticorrosion seepy material (promptly laying anticorrosion woven cloth) construction for the embodiment of the invention 1 step 3.
Fig. 7 is that embodiment 1 step 4 is laid trickle layer construction generalized section.
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of embodiment 1 step 4 preparation pulvilliform stalk.
Fig. 9 generalized section that anti-side is oozed interlayer for embodiment 1 step 4 is provided with.
Figure 10 is with former groove earthen backfill construction generalized section in embodiment 1 step 5.
Figure 11 is the generalized section of laying crushing straw in embodiment 1 step 5.
Figure 12 evenly mixes generalized section for embodiment 1 step 5 with crushing straw and former groove soil.
Figure 13 does furrow retaining low bank between fields floor map for embodiment the 2nd step of 1 step 5.
Figure 14 does furrow retaining low bank between fields construction generalized section for embodiment the 2nd step of 1 step 5.
Figure 15 is that embodiment 1 step 6 is laid cylindricality wild plant trickle post construction generalized section.
Figure 16 is the structural representation of embodiment 1 step 6 preparation stalk cylindricality trickle post.
Figure 17 is that embodiment 1 step 8 is laid acid modifying agent cross-sectional view.
Figure 18 is the generalized section of acid modifying agent of embodiment 1 step 8 and surface soil mixed construction.
Figure 19 is that embodiment 1 step 9 adopts dark pond retaining generalized section.
Figure 20 carries out water resource recycle generalized section for embodiment 1 step 9 and wetland combine.
The figure number explanation: 1 is the location, 2 plot, and 3 have slotted, 4 bottom lands, 5 grooves soil, 6 trunk trickle french drains; 7 gullys, 8 dried trickle french drains, 9 anticorrosion woven cloth, 10 stalk trickle layers, 11 pulvilliform stalks; 12 anti-sides are oozed interlayer, the mixed soil that 13 crushing straws mix with former groove soil, 14 press molds soil, 15 cylindricality stalk trickle posts, 16 backfill grooves soil; 17 crushing straw layers, 18 furrow retaining low bank between fields, 19 water, 20 stalks, 21 nylon ropes; 22 acid modifying agents, the composite soil that 23 acid modifying agents mix with surface soil, 24 underground conservation pools, 25 pipe valve mouths, 26 retaining lakes.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the specific embodiment the present invention is elaborated, but the present invention is not limited to following examples.
The modification method of embodiment 1, salt-alkali shoaly land and check and analysis
One, the improvement of salt-alkali shoaly land
1, the fluting of digging.
The location of present embodiment improvement is international ecological city, prince wife Cao pasture, Hebei province, with the location that here need improve 1 wide according to every 10m be that an active section is divided into some plot 2, the some rice of the length on every ground are promptly decided (like Fig. 1) according to location 1;
Shown in Fig. 2 and 3: slot and dig, at first since the plot fluting, be placed on second ground to groove soil 5 temporarily, it is 1 meter (being that bottom land 4 is 1 meter deeply) that groove is split into groove depth, and groove width is 10 meters a groove, and the groove that has excavated is to have slotted 3.
2, excavate some trickle french drains downwards at bottom land, the trickle french drain is connected with forced-ventilated well or municipal drainage well.
The excavation trickle french drain at fluting place, the trickle french drain comprises a trunk trickle french drain and a dried trickle french drain here, shown in Figure 4 and 5; Locate to excavate some wide 30-40cm on the long limit of bottom land (being the broadside in monoblock plot); The trunk trickle french drain 6 of dark 40cm is spaced apart 20-30m between this trunk trickle french drain 6, plays about 2.3m place at an end of bottom land broadside (being the long limit in monoblock plot); Excavate a dried trickle french drain 8 that 20cm is wide, 30cm is dark; Dried trickle french drain 8 that 20cm is wide, 30cm is dark of the about 5m excavation in every afterwards interval, and lead to main trickle french drain 6, this trunk trickle french drain 6 directly is connected with forced-ventilated well or municipal drainage well 7.
3, in the trickle french drain, lay anticorrosion seepy material earlier, fill slag stone then, then slag stone is wrapped with this anticorrosion seepy material.
After accomplishing the good underground trickle french drain of fluting and excavation, in french drain, fill the gravelstone nitre of the about 2-4cm of diameter; This gravelstone nitre can be irregular rock ballast, mainly is the crack of stone that utilizes this gravelstone nitre to form, and gets rid of the effect of trickle.Inner and stop up crack of stone in order to prevent that the mud later and decadent stage of a school of thought from going into stone nitre, before filling gravelstone nitre, as anticorrosion seepy material, the anticorrosion woven cloth of laying in the trickle french drain is earlier wrapped stone with anticorrosion woven cloth after waiting to fill in stone again with anticorrosion woven cloth.As shown in Figure 6: as in the trickle french drain, to lay earlier anticorrosion woven cloth 9, wrap stone with anticorrosion woven cloth again after waiting to fill in stone.
4, spread the trickle layer at bottom land, and ooze interlayer all around in the anti-side that is provided with of groove.
1) can adopt pulvilliform stalk or weeds as the trickle layer, pulvilliform stalk or weeds are 5 centimetres of thickness, 2 meters of width; 3 meters of length, the thickness of trickle layer can be 15-20 centimetre, and is as shown in Figure 7: adopt stalk as the trickle layer; Be called stalk trickle layer, this stalk trickle layer 10 evenly is laid on bottom land.
Weave into pulvilliform (promptly the same) to stalk, with the thickness uniformity that guarantees that stalk trickle layer is laid with the curtain of beating the grass.The specification of every pulvilliform stalk 11 is: thickness 5cm, width 2m * length 3m can spread 3-4 layer pulvilliform stalk 11 (being that each sheet is one deck) so that the trickle layer reaches the thickness (like Fig. 8) of 15cm-20cm at bottom land.
During construction, lay 4 layers of pulvilliform stalk that stalk is weaved at bottom land, thick 20cm, pave compacting after, replace the sandstone material to come to bring into play the effect of its trickle desalination as the trickle layer.
2) prevent the setting that side is oozed interlayer
Encroach on for the plot that prevents to have improved no longer receives the secondary salinization of peripheral solonchak, when construction, in the plot anti-side is set all around and oozes barrier film (anti-side is oozed interlayer), this anti-side is oozed diaphragm material can adopt thick plastics.
As shown in Figure 9, the position when settling anti-side to ooze interlayer 12 is: ground exceeds 10cm place, the face of land on the ground down to the trickle layer; Bend towards outside 30cm; Real with soil pressure above, preventing that the influence of infiltration layer landslide is carried oozes, and gets surface soil and will prevent that as press mold soil 14 side oozes interlayer (being above-mentioned thick plastics) fixed-site.
5, evenly mix more broken wild plant being layed on the former groove soil after in the former groove earthen backfill groove.
1) wild plant is a stalk in this step; The former groove earthen backfill that is placed on (2) number ground temporarily in soil box; The thick crushing straw layer 17 of shop 20cm on the face of land evenly mixes (ratio that is crushing straw and former groove soil is 2: 8) with crushing straw of laying and former groove soil with rotary cultivator more then, forms the mixed soil 13 (like Fig. 9) that crushing straw mixes with former groove soil; Thereby can change the structure that hardens of original solonchak soil; Increase the transparent performance of soil greatly, accelerate to blend under the soil water function of soil body salt discharge trickle, can also improve the soil moisture and nutrient content (like Figure 10,11 and 12) simultaneously.
2) do furrow retaining low bank between fields
Shown in Figure 13 and 14, after former groove earthen backfill, do furrow retaining low bank between fields 18 on the top layer of will improving the soil, with interception natural rainfall or fresh water pouring; Wide * height of this furrow retaining low bank between fields be 0.2m * 0.2m, and each furrow retaining low bank between fields is staggered alternate, and formation length * wide is the quadrangle of 5m * 5m.
6, some vertical cylindricality wild plant trickle posts are set.
Cylindricality wild plant trickle post employing stalk is provided with the cylindricality trickle post of wushu, the direct and wild plant trickle layer connection of this vertical cylindricality wild plant trickle post; Through the capillary percolation function of penetrating soil horizon and soil, when natural precipitation and fresh water pouring, moisture evenly infiltrates; After soil moisture is saturated, ooze to cylindricality trickle post, brackish water is discharged to the trickle french drain rapidly, can reduce the salt content of improving the soil greatly through the moisture of capillary percolation function with saliferous.Test shows that when draining was watered, the water of continuous pouring 500mm can be reduced to soil salt below 0.3%.It is 10cm that cylindricality trickle column diameter is set, and it is directly linked to each other with stalk trickle layer.
Like the cylindricality trickle post (the cylindricality trickle post that adopt stalk make be called cylindricality stalk trickle post 15) of Figure 15 for setting wushu; The diameter of this cylindricality trickle post is 10cm; Cylindricality trickle post upper end is not below the composite soil 10cm of crushing straw and former groove soil when burying underground; The surface needs to cover the above composite soil of 10cm when promptly burying cylindricality trickle post underground, in case trickle directly flows down from cylindricality trickle post; The lower end of cylindricality trickle post directly links to each other with stalk trickle layer.
1) preparation stalk cylindricality trickle post
Shown in figure 16, become diameter to be about the cylindricality of 10cm 21 colligations of stalk 20 usefulness nylon ropes, nylon rope colligation 4-5 road, so that its colligation is firm, the total length of stalk cylindricality trickle post 15 is for being about 0.4-0.7m, the about at interval 0.1-0.2m of per pass, every surplus about 0.05m.
2) stalk cylindricality trickle post is set
Beginning to bury underground stalk cylindricality trickle post apart from the 1m place apart from trough rim, the spacing of each stalk cylindricality trickle post is 2m, by above-mentioned method for embedding stalk cylindricality trickle post is set in groove.
7, natural rainfall or fresh water are irrigated.
Through above step, the salinity of modified soil is reduced to below 0.3% through natural rainfall or fresh water pouring; Meanwhile, the alkali composition is that media rises to the thick upper soll layer of 0-10cm by water, thereby causes pH in soil to increase.
8, lay acid modifying agent.
Because the natural rainfall or the fresh water irrigation effect of step 7, making the alkali composition is that media rises to the thick upper soll layer of 0-10cm by water, thereby causes the pH value of upper soll layer to increase, and remains on below 8.0 in order to make pH in soil, needs to lay acid modifying agent.
Shown in Figure 17 and 18, acid modifying agent can be among the figure: humus acidic materials, acidic fertilizier, contain the fertilizer of trace element and soil conditioner etc.; The acid modifying agent 22 in salt-soda soil that about 10cm is thick in shop, the face of land; After the rotary cultivator rotary tillage; Acid modifying agent 22 is evenly mixed with the basic soil of soil surface; So that the alkali composition on the face of land and acid modifying agent reach neutralization, pH in soil is remained on below 8.0, to reach the purpose that the soil that makes after the improvement adapts to the various greening seedlings of plantation this area.
9, the salt-alkali shoaly land water resource reclaims and recycle.
In improved, process, also can trickle be entered in the cistern of lake or underground setting and carry out recycle.
1) dark pond retaining: at the underground cistern 24 that is provided with, do not influence plantation (like Figure 19) on the ground, trickle flows into underground conservation pool 24 through the trickle french drain.
2) also can combine with wetland: utilize the lake of wetland that trickle is entered (like Figure 20) in the lake, trickle flows into retaining lake 26 through the trickle french drain.
Two, check and analysis
1) detecting the soil regime that improves in the above-mentioned steps 1 is: salt content average out to: 2.6% alkalinity average out to: 0.94%; This modified plot belongs to reclaims fields from the sea; Become the land time to be merely about 1 year, no any organic matter in the soil, soil regime hardens; Not penetrating, the water level depth is only below 0.6m.
2) detect through the soil regime after the said method improvement: the salt content average out to: 0.17%, local location salt content reaches 0.06%, and pH is all below 8.3.
After soil improvement is accomplished, reach the condition of plantation nursery stock and ground quilt through smooth moulding.On the above-mentioned salt-alkali shoaly land of having improved, plant, can select anosis insect pest nursery stock or seed selection to transplant the nursery stock in 1～2 year, for guaranteeing not hinder root in the process of transplanting seedlings or hinder root less, the planting container seedling of should trying one's best.The kind of plantation nursery stock is Chinese scholar tree, silk tree, thousand Chinese toons, weeping willow, cured, crape myrtle, pomegranate, little cypress ball and strange Chinese littleleaf box in vain, and turf is the cold mould turf, and the average emergence rate of the statistics nursery stock of planting is 98.83%.
Three, improvement cost output investment ratio
The biological synthesis improvement method of salt-alkali shoaly land of the present invention and number of patent application are 200410072547.9; Invention and created name is compared for " water-saving type salina physics-chemistry-biology comprehensive improvement and vegetation construction technique " this inventive method; The construction technology of this method is mainly taked local some waste materials (like the wild plant stalk); According to comprehensive statistics, the inventive method is that 200410072547.9 method is compared and practiced thrift the production cost 20% or more (mainly be fee of material, labour cost and mechanical transport take all more saving can be arranged) with number of patent application on the improvement cost investment.
The biological synthesis improvement method of embodiment 2, salt-alkali shoaly land
Present embodiment is improved the less fritter location of area, and the difference of the method step of employing and the foregoing description 1 is that the trickle layer in the step 3 adopts pulvilliform weeds trickle layer; Step 5 is after earlier former groove soil evenly being mixed with broken wild plant (broken wild plant is broken weeds) again in the backfill groove, and all the other steps are consistent with embodiment 1.
Claims (10)
1. the biological synthesis improvement method of a salt-alkali shoaly land, it is characterized in that: this method comprises following steps:
(1) opens groove soil, fluting;
(2) excavate some trickle french drains downwards at bottom land, the trickle french drain is connected with forced-ventilated well or municipal drainage well;
(3) in said trickle french drain, lay anticorrosion seepy material earlier, fill slag stone then, then slag stone is wrapped with this anticorrosion seepy material;
(4) the trickle layer in bottom land shop, and anti-side is set around groove oozes interlayer;
(5) said groove soil and broken wild plant are evenly mixed in the back backfill groove or evenly mix more broken wild plant being layed on the former groove soil after in the said groove earthen backfill groove;
(6) some vertical cylindricality wild plant trickle posts are set, the direct and said trickle layer of this vertical cylindricality wild plant trickle post is communicated with; Said cylindricality wild plant trickle post is that wild plant is bundled into the cylinder that diameter is 10-15cm;
(7) through natural rainfall or fresh water pouring, the salinity of improving the soil is reduced to below 0.3%;
(8) the acid modifying agent in salt-soda soil, shop, the face of land stirs through rotary tillage, so that be neutralized to the pH value below 8.0 with the said top layer of improving the soil, and the final soil improvement that realizes satisfying the soil greening.
2. the biological synthesis improvement method of salt-alkali shoaly land as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: this method also comprises the steps: after said groove earthen backfill, wanting the said top layer of improving the soil do furrow retaining low bank between fields, with interception natural rainfall or fresh water pouring.
3. according to claim 1 or claim 2 the biological synthesis improvement method of salt-alkali shoaly land is characterized in that: this method also comprises the steps: in improved, process, trickle entered in the cistern of lake or underground setting to reclaim and recycle.
4. the biological synthesis improvement method of salt-alkali shoaly land as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: said groove depth is a 0.5-1.5 rice, groove width is a 10-20 rice.
5. the biological synthesis improvement method of salt-alkali shoaly land as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: said trickle french drain can be made up of orthogonal dried trickle french drain and trunk trickle french drain, and trunk trickle french drain is connected with forced-ventilated well or municipal drainage well.
6. the biological synthesis improvement method of salt-alkali shoaly land as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: said dried trickle french drain is 18-22 centimetre wide, and 28-32 centimetre dark.
7. the biological synthesis improvement method of salt-alkali shoaly land as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: said anticorrosion seepy material is anticorrosion woven cloth.
8. the biological synthesis improvement method of salt-alkali shoaly land as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: said trickle layer adopts pulvilliform stalk or weeds, and the thickness of pulvilliform stalk or weeds is 4-8 centimetre, width 1-3 rice; Length 2-4 rice, the thickness of laying the trickle layer is 15-20 centimetre.
9. the biological synthesis improvement method of salt-alkali shoaly land as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is plastics that said anti-side is oozed interlayer, and it extends downward the trickle layer, upwards exceeds face of land 10-20 centimetre, and real with soil pressure.
10. the biological synthesis improvement method of salt-alkali shoaly land as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: said cylindricality wild plant trickle post is a stalk wushu cylindricality trickle post, and total length is a 0.4-0.7 rice, with nylon rope colligation 4-6 road, the per pass rope is 0.1-0.3 rice at interval; Said wild plant is stalk or weeds; The laying depth of the acid modifying agent in said salt-soda soil is 5-10 centimetre; The particle diameter of said slag stone is 2-4 centimetre.
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