CN105027721A - Water saving saline land soil improvement method - Google Patents
Water saving saline land soil improvement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105027721A CN105027721A CN201510001863.5A CN201510001863A CN105027721A CN 105027721 A CN105027721 A CN 105027721A CN 201510001863 A CN201510001863 A CN 201510001863A CN 105027721 A CN105027721 A CN 105027721A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water saving saline land soil improvement method comprising the following steps: 1, soil detection, sampling the soil and detecting soil salt content index; 2, applying improvement fertilizer; 3, applying improvement liquid; 4, doing a second time soil sampling detection 25-40days after the said steps are finished, if basic conditions of plant growth are not reached, continue doing step 2 and 3 until reaching soil plantation qualified standard; 5, planting crops and spraying liquid mulch film. The method applies improvement fertilizer to increase organic matter, NPK and trace element content, to increase soil water retention and permeability, and to increase soil granule compositions; the method applies improvement liquid so as to accelerate salt elimination speed, thus reducing soil PH value, accelerating beneficial microbe breeding, and promoting crop germination and root prosperity; after the crop is sowed, the liquid state mulch film can be sprayed so as to provide water retention effect, thus preventing moisture evaporation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of soil improvement method of " water-saving " saline land, belong to technical field of land improvement.
Background technology
Along with the iterative method of economic development and coastal development, coastal area is is newly enclosed and cultivated land area and is got more and more, but is all saline and alkaline soil, and most high salinity reaches 0.5% even higher, cannot Planting Crops, cannot produce economic worth; Meanwhile, the freshwater resources of coastal area are very rare again, and river course is due to mariculture periodic exhaustion seawater, so urban river water can not be used for the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, cause the process of saline land agricultural improvement slow, cost improves greatly.
At present, conventional improvement method is the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, bottom the soil needing improvement, 70 ㎝ places arrange drainpipe, water is irrigated in saline land, soil salt is dissolved, by under ooze saline and alkaline for the solubility in topsoil being discharged in deep soil or by drainpipe discharged, soil surface adopts the method for chemical reaction to reduce salt content and the Ph value of soil, and this method mainly exists following problem and shortcoming:
1, use above soil improvement method, need the capital construction work of farmland being carried out to drainpipe before long-term cropping, and regularly apply the object that chemical agent reaches improvement, cost is high, reaches 10,000/mu;
2, the soil melioration cycle of common method improving technology is long, and generally at about 2 years, if do not continued the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, soil again can the accumulation of salt in the surface soil again, needs longer cycle to nurse one's health;
3, large to the demand of fresh water, need regularly to detect soil salt content, when there is the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, the salt content of soil can raise again, needs the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching again, can consume freshwater resources again, and the fresh water salt content after using increases, and can not reuse;
4, routine techniques is owing to making chemically to carry out soil melioration, causes soil secondary pollution, damages the rationality index of soil.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the object of the invention is to solve above the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of soil improvement method of effective " water-saving " saline land.
Technical scheme: the soil improvement method in " water-saving " of the present invention saline land, its objective is and realize like this, a kind of soil improvement method of " water-saving " saline land, comprise the following steps:
(1) Soil K+adsorption, sample soil, detect soil salt content index, definition salt content belongs to slight alkaline land between 0.2 ~ 0.3%, salt content belongs to moderate saline-alkali soil between 0.3 ~ 0.6%, and salt content belongs to heavy salinizedly more than 0.6%;
(2) improving fertilizer is executed, described improving fertilizer comprises the component of following mass percent: 0.01 ~ 0.05%EM bacterium, 50 ~ 70% fertilizers, 5 ~ 10% perlites, 10 ~ 15% vermiculites, 10 ~ 15% peat, 3 ~ 5% humus, 1 ~ 5% composite fertilizer, 0.1 ~ 0.5% loosen the soil agent and trace element, different according to soil salt content, improving fertilizer 5 ~ 10KG/ square metre is executed to slight alkaline land, moderate saline-alkali soil executes improving fertilizer 10 ~ 15KG/ square metre, executes improving fertilizer 15 ~ 20KG/ square metre heavy salinizedly;
(3) improvement liquid is sprayed, described improvement liquid comprises the component of following mass percent: 7 ~ 10% citric acids, 7 ~ 10% nutrient solutions, 20 ~ 45% pyroligneous acids, 20 ~ 45% HPMAs, 7 ~ 10% taking root liquids, the organic corrosion acid such as 7 ~ 10% copperas solutions, improvement liquid and water are mixed into improvement liquor by the percent by volume of 1:180 ~ 220, different according to soil salt content, improvement liquor 5 ~ 7KG/ mu is sprayed to slight alkaline land, moderate saline-alkali soil sprays improvement liquor 7 ~ 15KG/ mu, spray improvement liquor 15 ~ 20KG/ mu heavy salinizedly,
(4) soil secondary detection, after above-mentioned steps (3) completes 25 ~ 40 days, carries out secondary sample detection to soil, after every rationality index of soil sample all reaches the primary condition of plant growth, carries out crop-planting; As do not reached the primary condition of plant growth, continue implement above-mentioned steps (2) ~ (3), soil plantation criterion of acceptability be salt content below 0.2%, Ph value is below 9.0;
(5) long-term cropping, and spray liquid-state mulch film, after crop sowing, spray liquid-state mulch film, reduce soil moisture evaporation, keep the humidity of soil, promote germination and the growth of plant.
As optimization, between described step (1) and step (2), also comprise step (1a) soil subsoiling and offer the step in drain ditch, be specially, subsoiler subsoiling is used to 40 ~ 60 more than ㎝ soil under upper soll layer, use ditching machine to dig drain ditch simultaneously, spacing 20 ~ 30 meters between adjacent drainage channel ditch, distance upper soll layer 40 ~ 60 ㎝ is root system of plant region with upper part, because in alkaline land soil, salinity concentrates on earth's surface mostly, pass through Subsoiling, salinity in topsoil can be turned upside down to below topsoil, cut off soil capillary simultaneously, weaken soil water evaporation, effectively control the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil.
As optimization, in described step (1), three level sampling is divided to detect to soil, depth selection is respectively 5 ㎝, 20 ㎝, 40 ㎝, gets the mean value of three testing results, as the salt content index of soil, due in above-mentioned steps (1a), by to soil subsoiling, topsoil can be made fully to mix, in soil, the salinity average of different layers is only effective foundation of reaction salt content index.
Beneficial effect: the soil improvement method in " water-saving " of the present invention saline land, by executing improving fertilizer, increases the content of organic matter, NPK and trace element, increases moisture capacity and the permeability of soil, increases the granular structure of soil; EM bacterium in improving fertilizer can accelerate organic conversion ratio, and conversion ratio is increased to 45% from 30%, and this is the mechanism of modification do not possessed in general technology, greatly can shorten, play a key effect to improved effect to the soil melioration cycle in saline land.By spraying improvement liquid, thus accelerate salt discharge speed, reduce the Ph value of soil, accelerate beneficial microorganism breeding, promote that crop germinates and well developed root system, in improvement liquid, pyroligneous acid belongs to organic plant acid, the mechanism of modification do not possessed in general technology, not only effectively regulate the pH value of soil, also accelerate the organic matter transformation rate of improving fertilizer, playing a key effect to conditioned soil soil technology index, this is; After crop has been sowed, by spraying liquid-state mulch film, play water retention, prevent moisture from evaporating, this is unexistent in general improving technology.
Embodiment
In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described, and this embodiment only for explaining the present invention, does not form limiting the scope of the present invention.
1. test provenance selection
Select Nantong City if four of eastern coastal economic development zone pieces of each 50 mu of zoness of different are as test plot, be labeled as No. 1 plot, No. 2 plot, No. 3 plot, No. 4 plot respectively.
2. test period
Year August in February, 2013 to 2013
3. process of the test
The soil improvement method in " water-saving " saline land, comprises the following steps:
(1) Soil K+adsorption, respectively independent Stratified Sampling is carried out to the soil of four pieces of zoness of different, detect salt content, depth selection is respectively 5cm, 20cm, 40cm, get the mean value of three level sampling result as one's respective area soil salt content index, definition salt content belongs to slight alkaline land between 0.2 ~ 0.3%, salt content belongs to moderate saline-alkali soil between 0.3 ~ 0.6%, salt content belongs to heavy salinizedly more than 0.6%, detects the Ph value index of each regional soil by above method simultaneously;
(1a) soil subsoiling and offer drain ditch, subsoiler subsoiling is used to 40 ~ 60 more than ㎝ soil under upper soll layer, use ditching machine to dig drain ditch, width 1 meter, the degree of depth 1 meter simultaneously, parallelly be equidistantly 25 meters, river course is dug, width 3 meters, the degree of depth 2 meters every 200 meters of use ditching machines, all drain ditchs and river course are communicated, is convenient to draining.
(2) improving fertilizer is executed, described improving fertilizer comprises the component of following mass percent: 0.01 ~ 0.05%EM bacterium, 50 ~ 70% fertilizers, 5 ~ 10% perlites, 10 ~ 15% vermiculites, 10 ~ 15% peat, 3 ~ 5% humus, 1 ~ 5% composite fertilizer, 0.1 ~ 0.5% loosen the soil agent and trace element, different according to soil salt content, improving fertilizer is executed to four pieces of test plot, improving fertilizer 5 ~ 10KG/ square metre is executed to slight alkaline land, moderate saline-alkali soil executes improving fertilizer 10 ~ 15KG/ square metre, executes improving fertilizer 15 ~ 20KG/ square metre heavy salinizedly;
(3) improvement liquid is sprayed, described improvement liquid comprises the component of following mass percent: 7 ~ 10% citric acids, 7 ~ 10% nutrient solutions, 20 ~ 45% pyroligneous acids, 20 ~ 45% HPMAs, 7 ~ 10% taking root liquids, the organic corrosion acid such as 7 ~ 10% copperas solutions, improvement liquid and water are mixed into improvement liquor by the percent by volume of 1:180 ~ 220, different according to soil salt content, improvement liquor is sprayed to four pieces of test plot, improvement liquor 5 ~ 7KG/ mu is sprayed to slight alkaline land, moderate saline-alkali soil sprays improvement liquor 7 ~ 15KG/ mu, spray improvement liquor 15 ~ 20KG/ mu heavy salinizedly,
(4) soil secondary detection, after above-mentioned steps (3) completes 25 ~ 40 days, carries out secondary sample detection to soil, after every rationality index of soil sample all reaches the primary condition of plant growth, carries out crop-planting; As do not reached the primary condition of plant growth, continue implement above-mentioned steps (2) ~ (3), soil plantation criterion of acceptability be salt content below 0.2%, Ph value below 9.0, described four pieces test plot all up to standard;
(5) in the April, different crops is planted to four pieces of test plot, and spray liquid-state mulch film, after crop sowing, spray liquid-state mulch film, reduce soil moisture evaporation, keep the humidity of soil, promote germination and the growth of plant.
4. test data
Four pieces, table 1 test plot test data table
| Numbering | No. 1 plot | No. 2 plot | No. 3 plot | No. 4 plot |
| Initial soil salt content | 1.2％ | 1.4％ | 0.9％ | 1.1％ |
| Initial soil Ph value | 9.5 | 9.4 | 9.6 | 9.2 |
| Initial soil situation | Not even a blade of grass grows | Not even a blade of grass grows | Grow a small amount of alkali fluffy | Grow a small amount of alkali fluffy |
| Improve soil salt content after 3 months | 0.18％ | 0.22％ | 0.14％ | 0.25％ |
| Improve P in soil h value after 3 months | 8.8 | 8.7 | 9.9 | 8.9 |
| Long-term cropping | Corn | Soya bean | Nursery stock | Lawn |
| Soil regime after 6 months | Grow fine | Grow fine | Grow fine | Grow fine |
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the soil improvement method in " water-saving " saline land, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) Soil K+adsorption, sample soil, detect soil salt content index, definition salt content belongs to slight alkaline land between 0.2 ~ 0.3%, salt content belongs to moderate saline-alkali soil between 0.3 ~ 0.6%, and salt content belongs to heavy salinizedly more than 0.6%;
(2) improving fertilizer is executed, described improving fertilizer comprises the component of following mass percent: 0.01 ~ 0.05%EM bacterium, 50 ~ 70% fertilizers, 5 ~ 10% perlites, 10 ~ 15% vermiculites, 10 ~ 15% peat, 3 ~ 5% humus, 1 ~ 5% composite fertilizer, 0.1 ~ 0.5% loosen the soil agent and trace element, different according to soil salt content, improving fertilizer 5 ~ 10KG/ square metre is executed to slight alkaline land, moderate saline-alkali soil executes improving fertilizer 10 ~ 15KG/ square metre, executes improving fertilizer 15 ~ 20KG/ square metre heavy salinizedly;
(3) improvement liquid is sprayed, described improvement liquid comprises the component of following mass percent: 7 ~ 10% citric acids, 7 ~ 10% nutrient solutions, 20 ~ 45% pyroligneous acids, 20 ~ 45% HPMAs, 7 ~ 10% taking root liquids, the organic corrosion acid such as 7 ~ 10% copperas solutions, improvement liquid and water are mixed into improvement liquor by the percent by volume of 1:180 ~ 220, different according to soil salt content, improvement liquor 5 ~ 7KG/ mu is sprayed to slight alkaline land, moderate saline-alkali soil sprays improvement liquor 7 ~ 15KG/ mu, spray improvement liquor 15 ~ 20KG/ mu heavy salinizedly,
(4) soil secondary detection, after above-mentioned steps (3) completes 25 ~ 40 days, carries out secondary sample detection to soil, after every rationality index of soil sample all reaches the primary condition of plant growth, carries out crop-planting; As do not reached the primary condition of plant growth, continue implement above-mentioned steps (2) ~ (3), soil plantation criterion of acceptability be salt content below 0.2%, Ph value is below 9.0;
(5) long-term cropping, and spray liquid-state mulch film, after crop sowing, spray liquid-state mulch film, reduce soil moisture evaporation, keep the humidity of soil, promote germination and the growth of plant.
2. the soil improvement method in " water-saving " saline land according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, between described step (1) and step (2), also comprise step (1a) soil subsoiling and offer the step in drain ditch, be specially, subsoiler subsoiling is used to 40 ~ 60 more than ㎝ soil under upper soll layer, ditching machine is used to dig drain ditch, spacing 20 ~ 30 meters between adjacent drainage channel ditch.
3. the soil improvement method in " water-saving " saline land according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, in described step (1), three level sampling is divided to detect to soil, depth selection is respectively 5 ㎝, 20 ㎝, 40 ㎝, get the mean value of three testing results, as the salt content index of soil.
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| CN105295929A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-02-03 | 河海大学 | Greenhouse soil evaporation retardant and preparation method thereof |
| CN105746130A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-07-13 | 刘良贵 | Method of cultivating radix saposhnikoviae in salty land |
| CN105941058A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-09-21 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A method of performing natural soil cultivation on strongly saline-alkaline soil by using nutrient soil capable of improving soil permeability |
| CN106008009A (en) * | 2016-06-04 | 2016-10-12 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Soil amendment for saline and alkaline land, and preparation and application methods thereof |
| CN106034461A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-10-26 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Method for improving soil of saline alkali land through vinegar production waste residues |
| CN106068750A (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2016-11-09 | 新疆林科院造林治沙研究所 | Reproducing area salinized soil trench digging improvement method of forestation |
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| CN106565302A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2017-04-19 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Saline-alkali land repairing agent used for orchard and using method |
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| CN106748485A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-05-31 | 青岛冠中生态股份有限公司 | It is a kind of to be suitable to the retaining matrix high of tropical islands and reefs |
| CN106817942A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-06-13 | 赵常然 | By alkaline land improving into spongy soil method |
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| CN108401600A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-08-17 | 丽江星宇生物开发有限公司 | A kind of Chinese medicine planting soil modification method |
| CN108997064A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-12-14 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of allogenic material adding method balancing coastal saline soil microbiota |
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