CN104472185B - A kind of by chemical-biological technology degree of depth improvement salt-soda soil method - Google Patents
A kind of by chemical-biological technology degree of depth improvement salt-soda soil method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
A kind of by chemical-biological technology degree of depth improvement salt-soda soil method, comprise the following steps that S1, utilize chemical to improve salt-soda soil chemical composition, first, in salt-soda soil, add humic acid fertilizer, then, in salt-soda soil, add chemically acid fertilizer, simultaneously, execute physiological acidic fertilizer, finally, in described pending salt-soda soil, add mineral chemical fertilizer；S2, utilize biotechnology measure to alkaline land improvement, first, described pending salt-soda soil is planted euhalophyte Suaeda salsa, if salt-soda soil salinity is when 0.2%-0.3%, then replants sandy beach Radix Scutellariae.The present invention is that the alkaline land improving to coastal region provides scheme practical, economical and efficient, and the transformation time is short, effective, and does not have, after transforming, phenomenon of making a false countercharge.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the modification method in salt-soda soil, be specifically related to a kind of gather biotechnology, chemical technology and degree of depth modification method that salt-soda soil is carried out.
Background technology
Going from bad to worse along with ecological environment, the salinization of soil is just with unprecedented speed expanded.Therefore, carrying out salt-soda soil reasonably utilizing, thoroughly improveing salt-soda soil, cultivate anti-Soiline-alkali plants kind to be following developing direction.
For China, total number of people reaches 1,300,000,000 more than, and total area under cultivation is less than 2,000,000,000 mu, but the salt-soda soil gross area reaches 20.45 hundred million mu, and its area constantly expands；The per capita arable land of China and freshwater resources are all well below world average level, and in modernization, arable land atrophy, fresh water pollution, seawater invasion threaten the sustainable development of China's agricultural further, hence it is imperative that develop the vast salt-soda soil of China.
At present, the distribution in China salt-soda soil is as follows:
1. Northwest inland RS in Alkali Region: include Xinjiang most area, the Caidamu Basin in Qinghai, the Hexi Corridor in Gansu and Western Inner Mongolia.
2. the semiarid RS in Alkali Region of Upper-middle Reaches of The Yellow River: include Qinghai, In Eastern Gansu, Ningxia, the Hetao area of Inner Mongol and Shaanxi, the valley plain in Shanxi.
3. RS in Alkali Region, Huang-Huai-Hai plain arid and semi-arid depression: including Lower Reaches of The Yellow River, Haihe Plain, the Plain of Huanghua Area, ground is former across Beijing-Tianjin Hebei, Shandong and Henan and Wan Bei northern Suzhou.
4. the semiarid low-lying RS in Alkali Region of northeast semi-moist: include song-Nen plain, basin, the west of Liaoning, the Three River Plain and Hulunbeier area.
5. coastal semi-moist RS in Alkali Region: include East China, south China and coastal area, the north of the Changjiang River.
The environment of each RS in Alkali Region is different, and the emphasis therefore administered is also less identical.For coastal semi-moist RS in Alkali Region (also known as beach saline land), the main feature of beach saline land: be containing more water soluble salt or alkaline matter.Due to the accumulation of salinities a large amount of in soil, cause the deterioration of a series of soil physical property in salt-soda soil；Or clayey saline-alkali soil: structure viscous, aeration is bad, and unit weight is high, and soil temperature rises slow, and in soil, aerobic microorganism activeness is poor, and nutrients release is slow, and infiltration coefficient is low, and capillarity is strong.Or sandy saline-alkali soil: field capacity and soil fertility are low, and it is significantly high that salinity is extracted in soil saturation, and soil evaporation causes table earth salt segregation collection serious.
And there is following difficulty in treatment in beach saline land: 1) owing to by sea water jacking and the impact poured in down a chimney, level of ground water is difficult to control；2) land is formed short with the land reclamation age, and soil alkaline degree is serious；3) Pedotransfer function is serious；4) lacking freshwater resources, the row's of flushing brine source is not enough；5) soil gleying effect is strong, and water physics character is severe；6) soil is less rich in nutrient, and organic fertilizer resource is not enough.
Traditional modification method to above salt-soda soil, mainly has following several:
1. physically improved: mainly salt-soda soil ground grading, deep ploughing suned the earth which has been ploughed up, loosen the soil in time, raise landform, microcell is improved the soil, and can accelerate to drench salt, it is prevented that the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, enhancing keeping soil water ability, improve Soil structure and nutrient situation.But, this mode quantities is big, costly, need to can be only achieved salt reduction for a long time and change the purpose of alkali, takes effect slow.
2, washing salinity by irrigation.Utilize substantial amounts of fresh water that salt-soda soil is irrigated, make the salinity in salt-soda soil be dissolved in water, then dig trenches to drain the water away, salinity is taken away, thus reducing the salinity of soil.This mode is difficulty with, because first coastal region fresh water Data scarce, high for salt discharge cost；And when irrigating, fresh water can permeate the ground, it is only that one layer of salinity on earth's surface is washed off, is still not suitable for planting plants.
3, chemical fertilizer improvement.In salt-soda soil, use substantial amounts of organic and inorganic chemical fertilizer, the pH in salt-soda soil is adjusted, until salt-soda soil is suitable for plant growing.But, this mode there is also defect clearly: the secondary easilying lead to soil hardens, and saline and alkaline make a false countercharge serious.
4, biological modification.Saline-alkali soil is improved mainly by Soiline-alkali plants and microbial manure.The plantation green manure of salt tolerant and herbage, such as sesbania, Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb., alfalfa etc., have positive role to reclamation of saline soil.This mode can reduce greening cost, accelerates greening speed, improves landscaping effect.Biological modification, invests minimum, but the requirement of salt-tolerant plant is higher, it is necessary to halophytes Mechanisms of Salt Resistance is known quite well, and biological modification often takes effect slow.
Therefore, adopt the administration way that tradition is single, effect is not ideal enough, and owing to there is serious mutual restricting relation between each mode, simple traditional single administration way is carried out comprehensive only can play waste time and energy, take effect extremely slow effect, it could even be possible to the degree in aggravation salt-soda soil is (when such as, chemical fertilizer improvement conflicts mutually with biological modification, being likely to result in biological death, the salinity of absorption reenters in soil；Physically improved when conflicting mutually with washing salinity by irrigation, it is possible to cause that the level of ground water in salt-soda soil promotes, the phenomenon of inwelling occurs).Also Just because of this, various means are integrated salt-soda soil is processed, there is a lot of technical barrier.
Especially, even if the salt-soda soil of coastal region carries out the transformation of early stage, the later stage is also easy to phenomenon of making a false countercharge occur, and therefore, coastal region salt-soda soil is transformed, and the degree of depth improvement in its later stage is very important.
The present invention just aims to solve the problem that these technical barriers, designs a kind of method that the salt-soda soil of coastal region can be carried out degree of depth improvement.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide one chemical-biological technology degree of depth improvement salt-soda soil method, its comprehensive multiple technologies means, the salt-soda soil of coastal region is reasonably improved, thus eliminating defect in above-mentioned background technology.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical scheme is that
A kind of by chemical-biological technology degree of depth improvement salt-soda soil method, comprise the following steps that
S1, chemical is utilized to improve salt-soda soil chemical composition
First, adding humic acid fertilizer in salt-soda soil, addition is 200-240kg/ mu；
Then, adding chemically acid fertilizer in salt-soda soil, described chemically acid fertilizer selects calcium fertilizer, including calcium superphosphate and nitric acid calcareous fertilisers, reduces P in soil H-number, meanwhile, executes physiological acidic fertilizer, including ammonium sulfate and nitrophosphate fertilizer；
Finally, adding mineral chemical fertilizer in salt-soda soil, addition is 50-100kg/ mu；
After above-mentioned fertilising step completes, maintenance irrigation amount every day 20-30 cube/mu, continue 1-2 days；
S2, utilize biotechnology measure to alkaline land improvement
First, planting euhalophyte Suaeda salsa on salt-soda soil, concrete cultivation with maintenance management step is:
A, step S1 process after salt-soda soil on adopt outdoor sowing Suaeda salsa；
B, carry out at early March, ground is flattened, remove stone, rubble, rubbish incidental, with ferrum bamboo rake ground loosened and rake；
C, will gather then and through the Suaeda salsa seed of special handling, special handling is as follows: with after the potassium permanganate solution seed soaking 20min of 500mg/L before broadcasting, change Seed soaking 4h.Every mu of ground kind of 1500-2000g, opens the deep shallow ridges of 1-2cm, line-spacing 15cm with point mouth hoe, dresses seed uniformly to twist with the fingers with fine sand or the fine earth that sieves and broadcast, gently sweep earthing with broom, and then compacting furrow face, emerges in order to soil moisture conservation,
After within d, 3-4 days, emerging, furrow face to be kept to moisten, have a small amount of aphid to May and occur, suitably be prevented and treated, need timely Nitrogen Top Dressing and phosphorus, potash fertilizer in seedling stage and florescence, all according to 20kg/667m2Amount apply；
E, July Suaeda salsa namely start to bloom and carry out reproductive growth, until August, whole strain was just directly gathered in before not being scattered by initial seed immaturity, Herb removes, in case seed is scattered affects the plantation of later stage other plant kind；
In Suaeda salsa growth course, by the saline and alkaline ionic absorption in soil in internal, the segmentation of Plant aboveground overground part can be walked after autumn, is used for collecting seed, plant has also taken away a certain amount of salt ion in soil simultaneously, thus can reduce the salt ion concentration in soil largely；
After plantation Suaeda salsa, exposed soil is covered, replace soil evaporation with plant transpiration, thus stoping salinity to accumulate to upper soll layer, salinity in soil moisture will build up deep subsoil, or is accumulated in Suaeda salsa, thus avoiding upper soll layer salt accumulation.
When salt-soda soil salinity is when 0.2%-0.3%, then replanting sandy beach Radix Scutellariae, employing is buried rhizomatic mode and is planted, and turf speed and effect are fast, and management method is as follows:
After a, August, Suaeda salsa removed, sandy beach Radix Scutellariae is directly taked open country nursery in above-mentioned on the salt-soda soil that plantation Suaeda salsa was improved, first cleaning rubbish whole, hugs flat with ferrum bamboo rake after then being ploughed deeply on ground, then becomes shallow ridges standby with 20 centimetres of Lous that are as the criterion of line-spacing；
B, by the root stock handled well with 3-4 joint for one section, be as the criterion with spacing 15 centimetres and be laid in whole good shallow ridges, then cover the soil layer of lid layer 2-5 cm thick above, water immediately；
C, 15-20 days, seedling exposes soil face, after the Radix Scutellariae normal growth of sandy beach, topdresses according to growing way, waters in real time according to ground dry and wet condition (keeping soil moisture is 60%).
These plants of above-mentioned cultivation are relatively saline alkali tolerant plant, and Suaeda salsa can eat as vegetable simultaneously, and sandy beach Radix Scutellariae has again higher ornamental value, and pest and disease damage seldom occurs for both, therefore can be applied to alkaline land improving as cover plant completely.
Salt and the exposed earth's surface of later stage sandy beach Radix Scutellariae all standing are inhaled in salt-soda soil through Suaeda salsa, thus reducing surface soil salinity and stoping salinity to accumulate to upper soll layer.It addition, the original salinity of upper soll layer also passes through rain and plant absorption and water saving irrigating system drip washing and gradually decreases, thus realizing upper soll layer biology desalination.
Since so, have become as the salt-soda soil of slight alkaline land just because reducing the capillarity of soil and reducing level of ground water, thus preventing underground accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon.Therefore alkaline land improving and reparation are played an important role by above-mentioned halophytes.
In the present invention, described humic acid fertilizer includes the component of following weight portion: biochemical fulvic acid 15-25 weight portion, water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer 6-10 weight portion, furfural dregs 20-30 weight portion, straw 40-60 weight portion.
In the present invention, described mineral chemical fertilizer includes the component of following weight portion: bentonite: 6-12 part weight portion, calcite: 20-30 weight portion, zeolite 20-30 weight portion, size-reduced, screening, is subsequently adding 6-10 parts by weight of activated carbon, and pelletize forms.
Above-mentioned biochemical fulvic acid is to utilize biotechnology with agricultural leftover bits and pieces (preferred Semen Maydis, Semen Tritici aestivi, cotton stalk) for raw material, utilize different floras under low temperature, middle temperature and high temperature, multistage fermentation and the product that generates, it measures effective content is fulvic acid 48%, aminoacid 7.36%, also has other various active material.
Above-mentioned water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer can reduce phosphate fertilizer fixing in soil, the phosphorus in activating soil and the promotion root system absorption to phosphorus, improves the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer.Strengthening calcium, the absorption of magnesium and utilization, can well regulate the crop Balance Absorption to Different Nutrients such as N P and K.Meanwhile, water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer can activate beneficial microbe, improves soil, promotes that fertilizer decomposes, it is suppressed that soil pathogenic bacteria.
Mineral fertilizer ion is had adsorption by above-mentioned activated carbon, can play slow releasing function.
It is be combined with each other by two above step, jointly complete the degree of depth to salt-soda soil and transform.
Owing to have employed technique scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Salt-soda soil is processed by the present invention first with chemical technology, first, humic acid fertilizer is added in salt-soda soil, addition is 200-240kg/ mu, utilize humic acid fertilizer that salt-soda soil is carried out biological improvement, inventor finds in practice, when in humic acid fertilizer, containing biochemical fulvic acid 15-25 weight portion, water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer 6-10 weight portion, furfural dregs 20-30 weight portion, straw 40-60 weight portion, can be best to the improved effect in salt-soda soil, such as: biochemical fulvic acid is to utilize biotechnology with agricultural leftover bits and pieces (preferred Semen Maydis, Semen Tritici aestivi, cotton stalk) for raw material, utilize low temperature, different floras under middle temperature and high temperature, multistage fermentation and the product that generates, it measures effective content is fulvic acid 48%, aminoacid 7.36%, also has other various active material.Above-mentioned water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer can reduce phosphate fertilizer fixing in soil, the phosphorus in activating soil and the promotion root system absorption to phosphorus, improves the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer.Strengthening calcium, the absorption of magnesium and utilization, can well regulate the crop Balance Absorption to Different Nutrients such as N P and K.Meanwhile, water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer can activate beneficial microbe, improves soil, promotes that fertilizer decomposes, it is suppressed that soil pathogenic bacteria.
Then, adding chemically acid fertilizer in salt-soda soil, described chemically acid fertilizer selects calcium fertilizer, including calcium superphosphate and nitric acid calcareous fertilisers, reduces soil pH value, meanwhile, executes physiological acidic fertilizer, including ammonium sulfate and nitrophosphate fertilizer；Finally, mineral chemical fertilizer is added in salt-soda soil, addition is 50-100kg/ mu, containing bentonite: 6-12 part weight portion, calcite: 20-30 weight portion, zeolite 20-30 weight portion, size-reduced, screening, it is subsequently adding 6-10 parts by weight of activated carbon, pelletize forms, and mineral fertilizer ion is had adsorption by activated carbon, can play slow releasing function, ensure that fertilizer efficiency long-term existence, follow-up biogenic reworking is had fabulous facilitation.
It, in follow-up biological modification process, is carried out just one-step desalting first with Suaeda salsa by the present invention, and then plantation sandy beach Radix Scutellariae carries out the desalination of the degree of depth.It should be noted that, due to step S1 specific fertilization type, dose and the step adopted, therefore, Suaeda salsa and sandy beach Radix Scutellariae is selected also to determine after inventor's repetition test, follow-up contrast test also demonstrates, when step S1 and S2 combines, the improved effect of the best can actually be reached.Such as, in Suaeda salsa growth course, can by the saline and alkaline ionic absorption in soil in internal, the segmentation of Plant aboveground overground part is walked after autumn, for collecting seed, plant has also taken away a certain amount of salt ion in soil simultaneously, thus can reduce the salt ion concentration in soil largely；After plantation Suaeda salsa, exposed soil is covered, replace soil evaporation with plant transpiration, thus stoping salinity to accumulate to upper soll layer, salinity in soil moisture will build up deep subsoil, or is accumulated in Suaeda salsa, thus avoiding upper soll layer salt accumulation.
In sum, the salt-soda soil degree of depth improvement that the present invention is coastal region provides engineering proposal practical, economical and efficient, the salt-soda soil after degree of depth improvement, salinity decrease, and prevents the underground accumulation of salt in the surface soil, is not easily made a false countercharge by saline and alkaline.There is the salt-soda soil of 20.45 hundred million mu in China, transform as good farmland by comprehensive improvement engineering, the economic benefit of hundreds billion of unit can be obtained more every year.Comprehensive improvement system engineering also has good value for the improvement of waterlogged lowland coastal, along the lake, riverine, south.
Detailed description of the invention
For the technological means making the present invention realize, creation characteristic, reach purpose and effect and be easy to understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further.
Embodiment 1
A kind of by chemical-biological technology degree of depth improvement salt-soda soil method, comprise the following steps that
S1, chemical is utilized to improve salt-soda soil chemical composition
First, adding humic acid fertilizer in salt-soda soil, addition is 200kg/ mu, and described humic acid fertilizer includes the component of following weight portion: biochemical fulvic acid 15 weight portion, water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer 6 weight portion, furfural dregs 20 weight portion, straw 40 weight portion；
Then, adding chemically acid fertilizer in salt-soda soil, described chemically acid fertilizer selects calcium fertilizer, including calcium superphosphate and nitric acid calcareous fertilisers, reduces P in soil H-number, meanwhile, executes physiological acidic fertilizer, including ammonium sulfate and nitrophosphate fertilizer；
Finally, adding mineral chemical fertilizer in salt-soda soil, addition is 100kg/ mu, described mineral chemical fertilizer includes the component of following weight portion: bentonite: 6 parts of weight portions, calcites: 20 weight portions, zeolite 20 weight portion, size-reduced, screening, is subsequently adding 6 parts by weight of activated carbon, and pelletize forms；
After above-mentioned fertilising step completes, keep irrigation amount 20 cube/mu every day, continue 1 day；
S2, utilize biotechnology measure to alkaline land improvement
First, planting euhalophyte Suaeda salsa on salt-soda soil, concrete cultivation with maintenance management step is:
A, step S1 process after salt-soda soil on adopt outdoor sowing Suaeda salsa；
B, carry out at early March, ground is flattened, remove stone, rubble, rubbish incidental, with ferrum bamboo rake ground loosened and rake；
C, will gather then and through the Suaeda salsa seed of special handling, special handling is as follows: with after the potassium permanganate solution seed soaking 20min of 500mg/L before broadcasting, change Seed soaking 4h.Every mu of ground kind of 1500g, opens the deep shallow ridges of 1cm, line-spacing 15cm with point mouth hoe, dresses seed uniformly to twist with the fingers with fine sand or the fine earth that sieves and broadcast, gently sweep earthing with broom, and then compacting furrow face, emerges in order to soil moisture conservation,
After within d, 3-4 days, emerging, furrow face to be kept to moisten, have a small amount of aphid to May and occur, suitably be prevented and treated, need timely Nitrogen Top Dressing and phosphorus, potash fertilizer in seedling stage and florescence, all according to 20kg/667m2Amount apply；
E, July Suaeda salsa namely start to bloom and carry out reproductive growth, until August, whole strain was just directly gathered in before not being scattered by initial seed immaturity, Herb removes, in case seed is scattered affects the plantation of later stage other plant kind；
If salt-soda soil salinity is when 0.2%-0.3%, just replanting sandy beach Radix Scutellariae, employing is buried rhizomatic mode and is planted, and turf speed and effect are fast, and management method is as follows:
After a, August, Suaeda salsa removed, sandy beach Radix Scutellariae is directly taked open country nursery in above-mentioned on the salt-soda soil that plantation Suaeda salsa was improved, first cleaning rubbish whole, hugs flat with ferrum bamboo rake after then being ploughed deeply on ground, then becomes shallow ridges standby with 20 centimetres of Lous that are as the criterion of line-spacing；
B, by the root stock handled well with 3 joints for one section, be as the criterion with spacing 15 centimetres and be laid in whole good shallow ridges, then cover the soil layer of lid layer 2 cm thick above, water immediately；
C, 15-20 days, seedling exposes soil face, after the Radix Scutellariae normal growth of sandy beach, topdresses according to growing way, waters in real time according to ground dry and wet condition (keeping soil moisture is 60%).
Before alkaline land improving, soil salt content is more than 0.7%, pH value 8.6, and ammonium nitrogen 6.62mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 12.3mg/kg, available potassium 41.5mg/kg, the content of organic matter are 1%.
The content of organic matter is the fourth stage, and ammonium nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium are in low-level, pertains generally to country's soil fertility level such as low grade；In the marine solonchak in salinization classification according to China different regions, salt-soda soil belongs to severe salination；According to pH value, belong to alkaline earth.In a word, belonging to that barren looseness of soil is easily washed away loss by rainwater etc. before alkaline land improving heavy salinizedly, irrigate rear surface of watering and easily cause and harden, and do not irrigate the earth's surface accumulation of salt in the surface soil after soil transpiration that do not rain, saline and alkaline raises on the contrary.
The plant that just by alkaline land improving to about 0.28%, thus can plant the slightly Salt And Alkali Tolerance such as sandy beach Radix Scutellariae through short year further afforests improvement.And under this kind of method, not only make soil salt content be down to the level of suitable general salt-tolerant plant growth, soil physico-chemical property has also substantially had improvement, its pH value reduces to 7.8, and ammonium nitrogen 11.3mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 29.3mg/kg, available potassium 50.9mg/kg, the content of organic matter are 4.0%.Fertile soil, does not harden, and most importantly phenomenon of making a false countercharge does not occur always in this kind of method.
Embodiment 2
A kind of by chemical-biological technology degree of depth improvement salt-soda soil method, comprise the following steps that
S1, chemical is utilized to improve salt-soda soil chemical composition
First, adding humic acid fertilizer in salt-soda soil, addition is 220kg/ mu, and described humic acid fertilizer includes the component of following weight portion: biochemical fulvic acid 20 weight portion, water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer 8 weight portion, furfural dregs 25 weight portion, straw 50 weight portion；
Then, adding chemically acid fertilizer in salt-soda soil, described chemically acid fertilizer selects calcium fertilizer, including calcium superphosphate and nitric acid calcareous fertilisers, reduces P in soil H-number, meanwhile, executes physiological acidic fertilizer, including ammonium sulfate and nitrophosphate fertilizer；
Finally, adding mineral chemical fertilizer in salt-soda soil, addition is 80kg/ mu, described mineral chemical fertilizer includes the component of following weight portion: bentonite: 10 parts of weight portions, calcites: 25 weight portions, zeolite 25 weight portion, size-reduced, screening, is subsequently adding 8 parts by weight of activated carbon, and pelletize forms；
After above-mentioned fertilising step completes, keep irrigation amount 25 cube/mu every day, continue 2 days；
S2, utilize biotechnology measure to alkaline land improvement
First, planting euhalophyte Suaeda salsa on salt-soda soil, concrete cultivation with maintenance management step is:
A, step S1 process after salt-soda soil on adopt outdoor sowing Suaeda salsa；
B, carry out at early March, ground is flattened, remove stone, rubble, rubbish incidental, with ferrum bamboo rake ground loosened and rake；
C, will gather then and through the Suaeda salsa seed of special handling, special handling is as follows: with after the potassium permanganate solution seed soaking 20min of 500mg/L before broadcasting, change Seed soaking 4h.Every mu of ground kind of 1800g, opens the deep shallow ridges of 2cm, line-spacing 15cm with point mouth hoe, dresses seed uniformly to twist with the fingers with fine sand or the fine earth that sieves and broadcast, gently sweep earthing with broom, and then compacting furrow face, emerges in order to soil moisture conservation,
After within d, 3-4 days, emerging, furrow face to be kept to moisten, have a small amount of aphid to May and occur, suitably be prevented and treated, need timely Nitrogen Top Dressing and phosphorus, potash fertilizer in seedling stage and florescence, all according to 20kg/667m2Amount apply；
E, July Suaeda salsa namely start to bloom and carry out reproductive growth, until August, whole strain was just directly gathered in before not being scattered by initial seed immaturity, Herb removes, in case seed is scattered affects the plantation of later stage other plant kind；
If salt-soda soil salinity is when 0.2%-0.3%, just replanting sandy beach Radix Scutellariae, employing is buried rhizomatic mode and is planted, and turf speed and effect are fast, and management method is as follows:
After a, August, Suaeda salsa removed, sandy beach Radix Scutellariae is directly taked open country nursery in above-mentioned on the salt-soda soil that plantation Suaeda salsa was improved, first cleaning rubbish whole, hugs flat with ferrum bamboo rake after then being ploughed deeply on ground, then becomes shallow ridges standby with 20 centimetres of Lous that are as the criterion of line-spacing；
B, by the root stock handled well with 4 joints for one section, be as the criterion with spacing 15 centimetres and be laid in whole good shallow ridges, then cover the soil layer of lid layer 3 cm thick above, water immediately；
C, 15-20 days, seedling exposes soil face, after the Radix Scutellariae normal growth of sandy beach, topdresses according to growing way, waters in real time according to ground dry and wet condition (keeping soil moisture is 60%).
Before alkaline land improving, soil salt content is more than 0.7%, pH value 8.6, and ammonium nitrogen 6.62mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 12.3mg/kg, available potassium 41.5mg/kg, the content of organic matter are 1%.
The content of organic matter is the fourth stage, and ammonium nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium are in low-level, pertains generally to country's soil fertility level such as low grade；In the marine solonchak in salinization classification according to China different regions, salt-soda soil belongs to severe salination；According to pH value, belong to alkaline earth.In a word, belonging to that barren looseness of soil is easily washed away loss by rainwater etc. before alkaline land improving heavy salinizedly, irrigate rear surface of watering and easily cause and harden, and do not irrigate the earth's surface accumulation of salt in the surface soil after soil transpiration that do not rain, saline and alkaline raises on the contrary.
The plant that just by alkaline land improving to about 0.28%, thus can plant the slightly Salt And Alkali Tolerance such as sandy beach Radix Scutellariae through short year further afforests improvement.And under this kind of method, not only make soil salt content be down to the level of suitable general salt-tolerant plant growth, soil physico-chemical property has also substantially had improvement, its pH value reduces to 7.8, and ammonium nitrogen 11.3mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 29.3mg/kg, available potassium 50.9mg/kg, the content of organic matter are 4.0%.Fertile soil, does not harden, and most importantly phenomenon of making a false countercharge does not occur always in this kind of method.
Before alkaline land improving, soil salt content is more than 0.7%, pH value 8.6, and ammonium nitrogen 6.62mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 12.3mg/kg, available potassium 41.5mg/kg, the content of organic matter are 1%.
The content of organic matter is the fourth stage, and ammonium nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium are in low-level, pertains generally to country's soil fertility level such as low grade；In the marine solonchak in salinization classification according to China different regions, salt-soda soil belongs to severe salination；According to pH value, belong to alkaline earth.
In a word, before alkaline land improving, belong to that barren soil is very loose is easily washed away loss by rainwater etc. heavy salinizedly, irrigate rear surface of watering and easily cause and harden, as long as and do not irrigate the earth's surface that do not rain after soil transpiration will the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, it appears that Bai Cencen's is a piece of.
The plant that just by alkaline land improving to about 0.2%, thus can plant the slightly Salt And Alkali Tolerance such as sandy beach Radix Scutellariae through short year further afforests improvement.And not only soil salt content is down to the level of suitable for plant growth under this kind of method, soil physico-chemical property has also substantially had improvement, and soil is more fertile, and topsoil is not easy to harden, and phenomenon of making a false countercharge does not occur always.
Embodiment 3
A kind of by chemical-biological technology degree of depth improvement salt-soda soil method, comprise the following steps that
S1, chemical is utilized to improve salt-soda soil chemical composition
First, adding humic acid fertilizer in salt-soda soil, addition is 240kg/ mu, and described humic acid fertilizer includes the component of following weight portion: biochemical fulvic acid 25 weight portion, water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer 10 weight portion, furfural dregs 30 weight portion, straw 60 weight portion；
Then, adding chemically acid fertilizer in salt-soda soil, described chemically acid fertilizer selects calcium fertilizer, including calcium superphosphate and nitric acid calcareous fertilisers, reduces P in soil H-number, meanwhile, executes physiological acidic fertilizer, including ammonium sulfate and nitrophosphate fertilizer；
Finally, adding mineral chemical fertilizer in salt-soda soil, addition is 50kg/ mu, described mineral chemical fertilizer includes the component of following weight portion: bentonite: 12 parts of weight portions, calcites: 30 weight portions, zeolite 30 weight portion, size-reduced, screening, is subsequently adding 10 parts by weight of activated carbon, and pelletize forms；
After above-mentioned fertilising step completes, keep irrigation amount 30 cube/mu every day, continue 2 days；
S2, utilize biotechnology measure to alkaline land improvement
First, planting euhalophyte Suaeda salsa on salt-soda soil, concrete cultivation with maintenance management step is:
A, step S1 process after salt-soda soil on adopt outdoor sowing Suaeda salsa；
B, carry out at early March, ground is flattened, remove stone, rubble, rubbish incidental, with ferrum bamboo rake ground loosened and rake；
C, will gather then and through the Suaeda salsa seed of special handling, special handling is as follows: with after the potassium permanganate solution seed soaking 20min of 500mg/L before broadcasting, change Seed soaking 4h.Every mu of ground kind of 2000g, opens the deep shallow ridges of 2cm, line-spacing 15cm with point mouth hoe, dresses seed uniformly to twist with the fingers with fine sand or the fine earth that sieves and broadcast, gently sweep earthing with broom, and then compacting furrow face, emerges in order to soil moisture conservation,
After within d, 3-4 days, emerging, furrow face to be kept to moisten, have a small amount of aphid to May and occur, suitably be prevented and treated, need timely Nitrogen Top Dressing and phosphorus, potash fertilizer in seedling stage and florescence, all according to 20kg/667m2Amount apply；
E, July Suaeda salsa namely start to bloom and carry out reproductive growth, until August, whole strain was just directly gathered in before not being scattered by initial seed immaturity, Herb removes, in case seed is scattered affects the plantation of later stage other plant kind；
If salt-soda soil salinity is when 0.2%-0.3%, just replanting sandy beach Radix Scutellariae, employing is buried rhizomatic mode and is planted, and turf speed and effect are fast, and management method is as follows:
After a, August, Suaeda salsa removed, sandy beach Radix Scutellariae is directly taked open country nursery in above-mentioned on the salt-soda soil that plantation Suaeda salsa was improved, first cleaning rubbish whole, hugs flat with ferrum bamboo rake after then being ploughed deeply on ground, then becomes shallow ridges standby with 20 centimetres of Lous that are as the criterion of line-spacing；
B, by the root stock handled well with 4 joints for one section, be as the criterion with spacing 15 centimetres and be laid in whole good shallow ridges, then cover the soil layer of lid layer 5 cm thick above, water immediately；
C, 15-20 days, seedling exposes soil face, after the Radix Scutellariae normal growth of sandy beach, topdresses according to growing way, waters in real time according to ground dry and wet condition (keeping soil moisture is 60%).
Before alkaline land improving, soil salt content is more than 0.7%, pH value 8.6, and ammonium nitrogen 6.62mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 12.3mg/kg, available potassium 41.5mg/kg, the content of organic matter are 1%.
The content of organic matter is the fourth stage, and ammonium nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium are in low-level, pertains generally to country's soil fertility level such as low grade；In the marine solonchak in salinization classification according to China different regions, salt-soda soil belongs to severe salination；According to pH value, belong to alkaline earth.
In a word, before alkaline land improving, belong to that barren soil is very loose is easily washed away loss by rainwater etc. heavy salinizedly, irrigate rear surface of watering and easily cause and harden, as long as and do not irrigate do not rain after soil transpiration earth's surface will the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, saline and alkaline raises on the contrary.
The plant that just by alkaline land improving to about 0.28%, thus can plant the slightly Salt And Alkali Tolerance such as sandy beach Radix Scutellariae through short year further afforests improvement.And not only soil salt content is down to the level of suitable for plant growth under this kind of method, soil physico-chemical property has also substantially had improvement, and soil is more fertile, and topsoil is not easy to harden, and most importantly can never occur, under this kind of method, phenomenon of making a false countercharge.,
Comparative example 1
Carry out alkaline land improvement only with biological modification technology provided by the invention, concretely comprise the following steps:
First, planting euhalophyte Suaeda salsa on salt-soda soil, concrete cultivation with maintenance management step is:
The direct outdoor sowing of a, early March, flattens ground, removes stone, rubble, rubbish incidental, is loosened on ground with ferrum bamboo rake and rakes；
B, will gather then and through the Suaeda salsa seed of special handling, with after the potassium permanganate solution seed soaking 20min of 500mg/L before broadcasting, change Seed soaking 4h, every mu of ground kind of 2000g, opens the deep shallow ridges of 1-2cm with point mouth hoe, line-spacing 15cm, dress seed uniformly to twist with the fingers with fine sand or the fine earth that sieves and broadcast, gently sweep with broom, then compacting furrow face, spread straw screen or mat, then water permeable；
After within c, 3-4 days, emerging, furrow face to be kept to moisten, have a small amount of aphid to May and occur, suitably be prevented and treated, need timely Nitrogen Top Dressing and phosphorus, potash fertilizer in seedling stage and florescence, according to 20kg/667m2Amount apply；
D, July Suaeda salsa namely start to bloom and carry out reproductive growth, until August, the initial seed immaturity earth that first fetches earth before not being scattered carries out the mensuration of the indexs such as salinity, if salt-soda soil just allows Suaeda salsa continue normal growth not up to less than 0.2%, until late October, when Suaeda salsa plant become red or yellow, more than 80% Grain Ripening can be gathered.General whole strain is gathered in, dry in the sun, sieve, remove branch and leaf, obtain seed, the Second Year spring is further continued for carrying out Suaeda salsa planting seed, until salt-soda soil salinity is when about 0.2%, directly whole strain is gathered in before just in August, initial seed immaturity is not scattered, Herb removes, in case seed is scattered affects the plantation of later stage other plant kind；
If salt-soda soil salinity is when 0.2%-0.3%, just replanting sandy beach Radix Scutellariae, employing is buried rhizomatic mode and is planted, and turf speed and effect are fast, and management method is as follows:
After a, August, Suaeda salsa removed, sandy beach Radix Scutellariae is directly taked open country nursery in the above-mentioned salt-soda soil improved through plantation Suaeda salsa, first cleaning rubbish whole, hugs flat with ferrum bamboo rake after then being ploughed deeply on ground, then becomes shallow ridges standby with 20 centimetres of Lous that are as the criterion of line-spacing；
B, by the root stock handled well with 4 joints for one section, be as the criterion with spacing 15 centimetres and be laid in whole good shallow ridges, then cover the soil layer of lid layer 2-5 cm thick above, water immediately；
C, 15-20 days, seedling exposes soil face, after the Radix Scutellariae normal growth of sandy beach, topdresses according to growing way, waters in real time according to ground dry and wet condition.
Before alkaline land improving, soil salt content is more than 0.7%, pH value 8.6, say, that belong to heavy salinizedly.After sowing plantation Suaeda salsa 2 years, soil salt content reduces to about 0.3%, then plants sandy beach Radix Scutellariae again and carries out covering ground, afforests normally.Though this kind of method does not have the phenomenon of making a false countercharge in later stage, but the time of experience is too of a specified duration, it is necessary to the time of at least three years can be only achieved desired afforestation effect.
Comparative example 2
Salt-soda soil is improved only with the chemical in the present invention
First, humic acid fertilizer is added in salt-soda soil, addition is 200-240kg/ mu, and described humic acid fertilizer includes the component of following weight portion: biochemical fulvic acid 15-25 weight portion, water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer 6-10 weight portion, furfural dregs 20-30 weight portion, straw 40-60 weight portion；
Then, adding chemically acid fertilizer according to the region pH value in step S4 large database concept in salt-soda soil, described chemically acid fertilizer selects calcium fertilizer, including calcium superphosphate, nitric acid calcareous fertilisers, reduce P in soil H-number, simultaneously, physiological acidic fertilizer can be executed, including ammonium sulfate, nitrophosphate fertilizer；
Finally, mineral chemical fertilizer is added in salt-soda soil, described mineral chemical fertilizer includes the component of following weight portion: bentonite: 6-12 part weight portion, calcite: 20-30 weight portion, zeolite 20-30 weight portion, size-reduced, screening, it is subsequently adding 6-10 parts by weight of activated carbon, pelletize, addition is 50-100kg/ mu；
After above-mentioned fertilising step completes, utilizing pouring operation maintenance irrigation amount every day 20-30 cube/mu of step S3, continue 1-2 days, then salt-soda soil is carried out region detection by the detection operation of recycle step S4, it is ensured that the region consistency in whole salt-soda soil, stability；
Before alkaline land improving, soil salt content is more than 0.7%, pH value 8.6, and ammonium nitrogen 6.62mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 12.3mg/kg, available potassium 41.5mg/kg, the content of organic matter are 1%.
After above improvement steps, described in treat improvement soil salt content be quickly down to about 0.4%, pH value about 7.9, ammonium nitrogen 9.4mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 22.1mg/kg, available potassium 50.7mg/kg, the content of organic matter are about 4%.But there is phenomenon of making a false countercharge in this kind of method later stage, it is impossible to as the effective ways thoroughly improveing soil, be suitable in conjunction with biological modification and other measures.
Comparative example 3
Engineering measure only by the present invention reduces the salinity of soil in salt-soda soil, specifically comprises the following steps that
A, excavate motor-pumped well at salt-soda soil periphery, and utilize water pump to be extracted out by underground bitter from described motor-pumped well so that underground bitter around is constantly to the direction sidesway of described motor-pumped well, thus reducing the underground bitter water level in salt-soda soil；
B, subsurface layer in salt-soda soil lay salt discharge collector pipe network, and described salt discharge collector pipe network is made up of underground hidden pipe and collector pipe, and described underground hidden pipe is PVC corrugated tube with holes, and caliber is 40-50cm；Offering pore on the tube wall of described underground hidden pipe, described pore is beaten in the groove of corrugated tube by laser-beam drilling machine, and pore is pressed 1-3cm spacing and arranged, the diameter of described pore is 0.04-0.1cm；The surrounding of described underground hidden pipe is wrapped with filtrate, to prevent powdery soil particle from entering blocking underground hidden pipe in pipe；The Lay interval 5-15 rice of described underground hidden pipe, the degree of depth on the soil layer surface in the distance from top salt-soda soil of underground hidden pipe is 80-180cm；The gradient that described underground hidden pipe forms 3-5 ° according to the routing of water drainage of salt-soda soil soil layer is laid, and end is unified connects described collector pipe；
C, utilize in the above-mentioned salt-soda soil of fresh water irrigation, form the water layer of certain depth on ground, make the salinity in soil fully dissolve, then concentrate from described collector pipe from salt discharge collector pipe network discharge dissolving water salty, thus reducing the salinity of soil；
Before alkaline land improving, soil salt content is more than 0.7%, pH value more than 8.6, say, that belong to heavy salinizedly.After above improvement steps, at fresh water irrigation relatively fully or when rainwater is more sufficient, described in treat that improvement soil salt content can quickly be down to about 0.35%, pH value is down to about 7.7.But freshwater resources are had stronger dependency and later stage phenomenon of making a false countercharge easily occur by this kind of method, it is impossible to as the effective ways thoroughly improveing soil, it is necessary in conjunction with biological modification and other measures.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned detailed description of the invention, and all are conceived based on the technology of the present invention, and the done improvement in structure each falls among protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. improve a salt-soda soil method by the chemical-biological technology degree of depth, comprise the following steps that
S1, chemical is utilized to improve salt-soda soil chemical composition
First, adding humic acid fertilizer in salt-soda soil, addition is 200-240kg/ mu；
Then, adding chemically acid fertilizer in salt-soda soil, described chemically acid fertilizer selects calcium fertilizer, including calcium superphosphate and nitric acid calcareous fertilisers, reduces P in soil H-number, meanwhile, executes physiological acidic fertilizer, including ammonium sulfate and nitrophosphate fertilizer；
Finally, adding mineral chemical fertilizer in salt-soda soil, addition is 50-100kg/ mu；
After above-mentioned fertilising step completes, maintenance irrigation amount every day 20-30 cube/mu, continue 1-2 days；
S2, utilize biotechnology measure to alkaline land improvement
First, planting euhalophyte Suaeda salsa on salt-soda soil, concrete cultivation with maintenance management step is:
A, step S1 process after salt-soda soil on adopt outdoor sowing Suaeda salsa；
B, carry out at early March, ground is flattened, remove stone, rubble, rubbish incidental, with ferrum bamboo rake ground loosened and rake；
C, will gather then and through the Suaeda salsa seed of special handling, special handling is as follows: with after the potassium permanganate solution seed soaking 20min of 500mg/L before broadcasting, change Seed soaking 4h；Every mu of ground kind of 1500-2000g, opens the deep shallow ridges of 1-2cm, line-spacing 15cm with point mouth hoe, dresses seed uniformly to twist with the fingers with fine sand or the fine earth that sieves and broadcast, gently sweep earthing with broom, and then compacting furrow face, emerges in order to soil moisture conservation,
After within d, 3-4 days, emerging, furrow face to be kept to moisten, have a small amount of aphid to May and occur, suitably be prevented and treated, need timely Nitrogen Top Dressing and phosphorus, potash fertilizer in seedling stage and florescence, all according to 20kg/667m2Amount apply；
E, July Suaeda salsa namely start to bloom and carry out reproductive growth, until August, whole strain was just directly gathered in before not being scattered by initial seed immaturity, Herb removes, in case seed is scattered affects the plantation of later stage other plant kind；
If pending salt-soda soil salinity is when 0.2%-0.3%, just replanting sandy beach Radix Scutellariae, employing is buried rhizomatic mode and is planted, and management method is as follows:
After a, August, Suaeda salsa removed, sandy beach Radix Scutellariae is directly taked open country nursery in above-mentioned on the salt-soda soil that plantation Suaeda salsa was improved, first cleaning rubbish whole, hugs flat with ferrum bamboo rake after then being ploughed deeply on ground, and being then as the criterion with line-spacing 20 centimetres, it is standby to hug into shallow ridges；
B, by the root stock handled well with 3-4 joint for one section, be as the criterion with spacing 15 centimetres and be laid in whole good shallow ridges, then cover the soil layer of lid layer 2-5 cm thick above, water immediately；
C, 15-20 days, seedling exposes soil face, after the Radix Scutellariae normal growth of sandy beach, topdresses according to growing way, waters in real time according to ground dry and wet condition.
2. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of by chemical-biological technology degree of depth improvement salt-soda soil method, it is characterised in that: described humic acid fertilizer includes the component of following weight portion: biochemical fulvic acid 15-25 weight portion, water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer 6-10 weight portion, furfural dregs 20-30 weight portion, straw 40-60 weight portion.
3. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of by chemical-biological technology degree of depth improvement salt-soda soil method, it is characterized in that: described mineral chemical fertilizer includes the component of following weight portion: bentonite: 6-12 part weight portion, calcite: 20-30 weight portion, zeolite 20-30 weight portion, size-reduced, screening, being subsequently adding 6-10 parts by weight of activated carbon, pelletize forms.
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| CN105123183A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-12-09 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Method for planting Suaeda salsa on saline-alkali land |
| CN105123405A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-09 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | Method for planting kiwi fruit trees in saline-alkali soil |
| CN105123215A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-12-09 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所 | Planting method of edible suaeda salsa on severe solonchak condition |
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| CN105885865A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-08-24 | 郑走生 | Saline-alkali soil biological improving agent and improving method |
| CN106085458A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-11-09 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of salt-soda soil shrub plantation modifying agent formula and modification method thereof |
| CN109504396A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-22 | 天津艾孚森科技发展有限公司 | A kind of saline-alkali land soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
| CN110698294B (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2022-11-25 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrition slow release and lasting effect as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111386785A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-10 | 山东胜伟盐碱地科技有限公司 | Biological method for saline-alkali soil improvement |
| CN112876320A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-01 | 山西大学 | Active pyrosalt alkaline earth modifier and preparation method thereof |
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Address after: 261108 Jiangxi Binhai Economic Development Zone, Shandong, Shannon street, No. 00800, Weifang Patentee after: Shandong Sheng Wei salt alkali land Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 261108 Weifang Binhai Economic and Technological Development Zone, Jiangxi incense street, No. 99, Wei Wei International Building, No. Patentee before: Shandong Sunway Garden Technology Co., Ltd. |