CN104472185A - Saline-alkali soil deep-improving method by chemical-biological technology - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil deep-improving method by chemical-biological technology Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
A saline-alkali soil deep-improving method by chemical-biological technology includes steps of S1, improving chemical components of the saline-alkali soil by chemical measures, firstly, adding humic acid fertilizer into the saline-alkali soil, then adding chemically acidic fertilizer into the saline-alkali soil, applying physiologic acidic fertilizer, and finally adding mineral chemical fertilizer into the saline-alkali soil; S2, improving the saline-alkali soil by biological measures, firstly, planting suaeda salsa of euhalophyte on the saline-alkali soil to be treated, or planting scutellaria strigillosa hemsl when salt content of the saline-alkali soil ranges from 0.2% to 0.3%. The saline-alkali soil deep-improving method provides a feasible, economic and efficient scheme for improving the saline-alkali soil in coastal regions, improvement time is short, effect is good and no backflow is caused after improvement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the improvement method in saline land, be specifically related to a kind ofly gather biotechnology, chemical technology and the degree of depth improvement method carried out saline land.
Background technology
Going from bad to worse along with ecotope, the salinization of soil is just with unprecedented speed expanded.Therefore, reasonably utilizing saline land, thoroughly improve saline land, cultivate anti-Soiline-alkali plants kind will be following developing direction.
With regard to China, total number of people reaches 1,300,000,000 more than, and total area under cultivation is less than 2,000,000,000 mu, but the saline land gross area reaches 20.45 hundred million mu, and its area constantly expands; The per capita arable land of China and freshwater resources are all well below world average level, and in modernization, arable land atrophy, fresh water pollution, seawater invasion threaten the sustainable development of China's agricultural further, thus in the urgent need to developing the vast saline land of China.
At present, the distribution in China saline land is as follows:
1. Northwest inland RS in Alkali Region: comprise Xinjiang most area, the Caidamu Basin in Qinghai, the Hexi Corridor in Gansu and Western Inner Mongolia.
2. the semiarid RS in Alkali Region of Upper-middle Reaches of The Yellow River: comprise Qinghai, In Eastern Gansu, Ningxia, the Hetao area of Inner Mongol and Shaanxi, the valley plain in Shanxi.
3. RS in Alkali Region, Huang-Huai-Hai plain arid and semi-arid depression: comprise Lower Reaches of The Yellow River, Haihe Plain, the Plain of Huanghua Area, extend across Beijing-Tianjin Hebei, Shandong and Henan and Wan Bei northern Suzhou former.
4. moistening semiarid low-lying RS in Alkali Region, northeast half: comprise song-Nen plain, basin, the west of Liaoning, the Three River Plain and Hulunbeier area.
5. coastal half moistening RS in Alkali Region: comprise East China, south China and coastal area, the north of the Changjiang River.
The environment of each RS in Alkali Region is different, and the emphasis of therefore administering is also not too identical.For coastal half moistening RS in Alkali Region (also known as beach saline land), the main feature of beach saline land: be containing more water soluble salt or alkaline matter.Due to the accumulation of salinity a large amount of in soil, cause the deterioration of a series of soil physical property in saline land; Or clayey saline-alkali soil: structure viscous, air capacity of soils is bad, and unit weight is high, and soil temperature rises slow, and in soil, aerobic microorganism activity is poor, and nutrients release is slow, and osmotic coefficient is low, and capillarity is strong.Or sandy saline-alkali soil: field capacity and soil fertility low, it is very high that salinity is extracted in soil saturation, and it is serious that soil evaporation causes the native salinity of table to assemble.
And beach saline land exists following difficulty in treatment: 1) due to the impact being subject to seawater jacking and pour in down a chimney, subterranean water level is difficult to control; 2) land formed and the land reclamation age short, soil alkaline degree is serious; 3) Pedotransfer function is serious; 4) lack freshwater resources, the row's of flushing brine source is not enough; 5) soil gleying effect is strong, and water physics proterties is severe; 6) to be rich in nutrient less for soil, and organic fertilizer resource is not enough.
To traditional improvement method in above saline land, mainly contain following several:
1. physically improved: mainly to saline land ground grading, deep ploughing is suned the earth which has been ploughed up, loosens the soil in time, is raised landform, microcell is improved the soil, and can accelerate to drench salt, prevents the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, enhancing keeping soil water ability, improves soil structure and nutrient situation.But this mode quantities is large, costly, need just can reach the object that salt reduction changes alkali for a long time, take effect slow.
2, washing salinity by irrigation.Utilize a large amount of fresh water to irrigate saline land, make the salinity in saline land be dissolved in water, then dig trenches to drain the water away, salinity is taken away, thus reduce the salt content of soil.This mode is difficult to realize, because first coastal region fresh water Data scarce, it is high to be used for salt discharge cost; And when irrigating, fresh water can permeate the ground, and is only to be washed off by one deck salinity on earth's surface, is still not suitable for planting plants.
3, chemical fertilizer improvement.In saline land, use a large amount of organic and inorganic chemical fertilizer, the pH in saline land is adjusted, until saline land is applicable to plant growth.But also there is defect clearly in this mode: be easy to cause the secondary of soil to harden, and saline and alkaline make a false countercharge serious.
4, biological modification.Mainly utilize Soiline-alkali plants and microbial manure improvement saline-alkali soil.The green manure of plantation salt tolerant and herbage, as sesbania, daghestan sweet clover, alfalfa etc., have positive role to reclamation of saline soil.This mode can reduce greening cost, accelerates greening speed, improves landscaping effect.Biological modification, invests minimum, but higher to the requirement of salt-tolerant plant, must know quite well, and biological modification often takes effect slow to halophytes Mechanisms of Salt Resistance.
Therefore, adopt the administration way that tradition is single, effect is not ideal enough, and owing to there is serious mutual restricting relation between each mode, simple single for tradition administration way is carried out comprehensive only can play waste time and energy, take effect extremely slow effect, even likely aggravates the degree in saline land (when such as, chemical fertilizer improvement conflicts mutually with biological modification, likely cause biological death, the salinity of absorption reenters in soil; Physically improved when conflicting mutually with washing salinity by irrigation, likely cause the subterranean water level in saline land to promote, occur the phenomenon of inwelling).Also Just because of this, various means are integrated saline land is processed, there is a lot of technical barrier.
Especially, even if the transformation in early stage is carried out in the saline land of coastal region, the later stage is also easy to occur phenomenon of making a false countercharge, and therefore, transforms coastal region saline land, and the degree of depth improvement in its later stage is very important.
The present invention is just intended to solve these technical barriers, designs a kind of method can carrying out degree of depth improvement to the saline land of coastal region.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide one chemical-biological technology degree of depth improvement saline land method, and its comprehensive multiple technologies means, reasonably improve the saline land of coastal region, thus eliminate defect in above-mentioned background technology.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of by chemical-biological technology degree of depth improvement saline land method, comprise following step:
S1, chemical measure is utilized to improve saline land chemical composition
First, in saline land, add humic acid fertilizer, addition is 200-240kg/ mu;
Then, in saline land, add chemically acid fertilizer, described chemically acid fertilizer select calcium fertilizer, comprise superphosphate and nitric acid calcareous fertilisers, reduce P in soil H value, meanwhile, execute physiological acidic fertilizer, comprise ammonium sulfate and nitrophosphate fertilizer;
Finally, add mineral chemical fertilizer in saline land, addition is 50-100kg/ mu;
After above-mentioned fertilising step completes, keep irrigation amount 20-30 cube/mu every day, continue 1-2 days;
S2, utilize biotechnology measure to alkaline land improvement
First, saline land is planted euhalophyte Suaeda salsa, concrete cultivation and maintenance management step are:
A, saline land after step S1 process adopt outdoor sowing Suaeda salsa;
B, to carry out at early March, ground is flattened, remove stone, rubble, rubbish incidental, with iron bamboo rake ground loosened and rake;
C, will to gather then and through the Suaeda salsa seed of specially treated, specially treated is as follows: with after the liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 20min of 500mg/L before broadcasting, change Seed soaking 4h.Every mu of ground kind of 1500-2000g, opens the dark shallow ridges of 1-2mm, line-spacing 15cm with sharp mouth hoe, and evenly twist with the fingers with fine sand or the fine earth that sieves seed dressing and broadcast, gently sweep earthing with broom, then compacting furrow face, emerges in order to soil moisture conservation,
After within d, 3-4 days, emerging, furrow face be kept moistening, have a small amount of aphid to May and occur, suitably to be prevented and treated, need timely Nitrogen Top Dressing and phosphorus, potash fertilizer, all according to 20kg/667m in seedling stage and florescence
2amount apply;
E, July Suaeda salsa namely start to bloom and carry out reproductive growth, until initial seed prematurity in August is gathered in whole strain with regard to direct before not being scattered, complete stool removes, in case seed is scattered affect the plantation of later stage other plant kind;
In Suaeda salsa process of growth, by the saline and alkaline Ions Absorption in soil in body, the segmentation of Plant aboveground overground part can be walked, for collecting seed after autumn, plant corpus has also taken away a certain amount of salt ion in soil simultaneously, so just can reduce the salt ion concentration in soil largely;
After plantation Suaeda salsa, exposed soil is covered, replace soil evaporation with plant transpiration, thus stop salinity to accumulate to upper soll layer, salinity in soil moisture will be accumulated in deep subsoil, or be accumulated in Suaeda salsa, thus avoid upper soll layer salt accumulation.
When saline land salt content is at 0.2%-0.3%, then replant the sandy beach root of large-flowered skullcap, employing is buried rhizomatic mode and is planted, and soon, management method is as follows for turf speed and effect:
After a, August, Suaeda salsa removed, directly taked by the sandy beach root of large-flowered skullcap open country nursery on the saline land that above-mentioned process plantation Suaeda salsa was improved, first clear up rubbish and wholely, then ground ploughed deeply rear iron bamboo rake Lou Ping, then becoming shallow ridges for subsequent use with line-spacing 20 centimetres of Lous that are as the criterion;
B, be one section by the root-like stock handled well with 3-4 joint, being as the criterion with spacing 15 centimetres is laid in whole good shallow ridges, then covers the soil layer of one deck 2-5 cm thick above, waters immediately;
About c, 15-20 days, seedling exposed native face, after the root of large-flowered skullcap normal growth of sandy beach, topdressed according to growing way, watered in real time according to ground dry and wet condition (keeping soil moisture to be 60%).
These plants of above-mentioned cultivation are comparatively saline alkali tolerant plant, and Suaeda salsa can eat as vegetables simultaneously, and the sandy beach root of large-flowered skullcap has again higher ornamental value, and both seldom damage by disease and insect occur, and therefore can be applied to alkaline land improving as ground cover plant completely.
Salt and the exposed earth's surface of later stage sandy beach root of large-flowered skullcap all standing are inhaled through Suaeda salsa in saline land, thus reduce surface soil salinity and stop salinity to accumulate to upper soll layer.In addition, the original salinity of upper soll layer also reduces gradually through rain and plant absorption and the drip washing of water saving irrigating system, thus realizes the biological desalination of upper soll layer.
So, become the saline land of slight alkaline land just because reducing the capillarity of soil and reducing subterranean water level, thus prevented underground accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon.Therefore above-mentioned halophytes plays an important role to alkaline land improving and reparation.
In the present invention, described humic acid fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: biochemical fulvic acid 15-25 weight portion, water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer 6-10 weight portion, furfural dregs 20-30 weight portion, stalk 40-60 weight portion.
In the present invention, described mineral chemical fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: bentonite: 6-12 part weight portion, calcite: 20-30 weight portion, zeolite 20-30 weight portion, and through pulverizing, screening, then add 6-10 parts by weight of activated carbon, granulation forms.
Above-mentioned biochemical fulvic acid utilizes biotechnology with agricultural offcuts (preferred corn, wheat, cotton stalk) for raw material, utilize different flora under low temperature, middle temperature and high temperature, multistage fermentation and the product generated, it measures effective content is fulvic acid 48%, amino acid 7.36%, also has other various active material.
Above-mentioned water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer can reduce phosphate fertilizer fixing in soil, and the phosphorus in activating soil and promotion root system, to the absorption of phosphorus, improve the availability of phosphate fertilizer.The absorption of strengthening calcium, magnesium and utilization, can well regulate crop to the Balance Absorption of the Different Nutrients such as N P and K.Meanwhile, water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer can activate beneficial microbe, improvement soil, promotes that fertilizer decomposes, suppresses soil germ.
Above-mentioned active carbon has suction-operated to mineral fertilizer ion, can play slow releasing function.
Be combined with each other by above two steps, jointly complete and the degree of depth in saline land is transformed.
Owing to have employed technique scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
First the present invention utilizes chemical technology to process saline land, first, humic acid fertilizer is added in saline land, addition is 200-240kg/ mu, humic acid fertilizer is utilized to carry out biological improvement to saline land, inventor finds in practice, when in humic acid fertilizer, containing biochemical fulvic acid 15-25 weight portion, water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer 6-10 weight portion, furfural dregs 20-30 weight portion, stalk 40-60 weight portion, can be best to the improved effect in saline land, such as: biochemical fulvic acid utilizes biotechnology with agricultural offcuts (preferred corn, wheat, cotton stalk) be raw material, utilize low temperature, different flora under middle temperature and high temperature, multistage fermentation and the product generated, it measures effective content is fulvic acid 48%, amino acid 7.36%, also has other various active material.Above-mentioned water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer can reduce phosphate fertilizer fixing in soil, and the phosphorus in activating soil and promotion root system, to the absorption of phosphorus, improve the availability of phosphate fertilizer.The absorption of strengthening calcium, magnesium and utilization, can well regulate crop to the Balance Absorption of the Different Nutrients such as N P and K.Meanwhile, water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer can activate beneficial microbe, improvement soil, promotes that fertilizer decomposes, suppresses soil germ.
Then, in saline land, add chemically acid fertilizer, described chemically acid fertilizer select calcium fertilizer, comprise superphosphate and nitric acid calcareous fertilisers, reduce soil pH value, meanwhile, execute physiological acidic fertilizer, comprise ammonium sulfate and nitrophosphate fertilizer; Finally, mineral chemical fertilizer is added in saline land, addition is 50-100kg/ mu, containing bentonite: 6-12 part weight portion, calcite: 20-30 weight portion, zeolite 20-30 weight portion, through pulverizing, screening, then 6-10 parts by weight of activated carbon is added, granulation forms, and active carbon has suction-operated to mineral fertilizer ion, can play slow releasing function, ensure that fertilizer efficiency long-term existence, to follow-up biogenic reworking, there is fabulous facilitation.
The present invention, in follow-up biological modification process, first utilizes Suaeda salsa to carry out just one-step desalting to it, then plants the desalination that the sandy beach root of large-flowered skullcap carries out the degree of depth.It should be noted that, due to specific fertilization type, fertilizing amount and step that step S1 adopts, therefore, determine after selecting Suaeda salsa and the sandy beach root of large-flowered skullcap to be also through inventor's repetition test, follow-up comparative trial also demonstrates, when step S1 and S2 combines, best improved effect really can be reached.Such as, in Suaeda salsa process of growth, can by the saline and alkaline Ions Absorption in soil in body, the segmentation of Plant aboveground overground part is walked after autumn, for collecting seed, plant corpus has also taken away a certain amount of salt ion in soil simultaneously, so just can reduce the salt ion concentration in soil largely; After plantation Suaeda salsa, exposed soil is covered, replace soil evaporation with plant transpiration, thus stop salinity to accumulate to upper soll layer, salinity in soil moisture will be accumulated in deep subsoil, or be accumulated in Suaeda salsa, thus avoid upper soll layer salt accumulation.
In sum, the present invention is that the saline land degree of depth improvement of coastal region provides engineering proposal that is practical, economical and efficient, and the saline land after degree of depth improvement, salinity reduces, and prevents the underground accumulation of salt in the surface soil, is not easily made a false countercharge by saline and alkaline.There is the saline land of 20.45 hundred million mu in China, transform as good farmland by comprehensive improvement engineering, the economic benefit of hundreds billion of unit can be obtained more every year.The improvement of coastal for south, along the lake, the riverine waterlogged lowland of comprehensive improvement system engineering also has good value.
Embodiment
The technological means realized to make the present invention, creation characteristic, reaching object and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, setting forth the present invention further.
Embodiment 1
A kind of by chemical-biological technology degree of depth improvement saline land method, comprise following step:
S1, chemical measure is utilized to improve saline land chemical composition
First, in saline land, add humic acid fertilizer, addition is 200kg/ mu, and described humic acid fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: biochemical fulvic acid 15 weight portion, water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer 6 weight portion, furfural dregs 20 weight portion, stalk 40 weight portion;
Then, in saline land, add chemically acid fertilizer, described chemically acid fertilizer select calcium fertilizer, comprise superphosphate and nitric acid calcareous fertilisers, reduce P in soil H value, meanwhile, execute physiological acidic fertilizer, comprise ammonium sulfate and nitrophosphate fertilizer;
Finally, add mineral chemical fertilizer in saline land, addition is 100kg/ mu, described mineral chemical fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: bentonite: 6 parts of weight portions, calcites: 20 weight portions, zeolite 20 weight portion, through pulverizing, screening, then add 6 parts by weight of activated carbon, granulation forms;
After above-mentioned fertilising step completes, maintenance irrigation amount every day 20 cubes/mu, continues 1 day;
S2, utilize biotechnology measure to alkaline land improvement
First, saline land is planted euhalophyte Suaeda salsa, concrete cultivation and maintenance management step are:
A, saline land after step S1 process adopt outdoor sowing Suaeda salsa;
B, to carry out at early March, ground is flattened, remove stone, rubble, rubbish incidental, with iron bamboo rake ground loosened and rake;
C, will to gather then and through the Suaeda salsa seed of specially treated, specially treated is as follows: with after the liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 20min of 500mg/L before broadcasting, change Seed soaking 4h.Every mu of ground kind of 1500g, opens the dark shallow ridges of 1mm, line-spacing 15cm with sharp mouth hoe, and evenly twist with the fingers with fine sand or the fine earth that sieves seed dressing and broadcast, gently sweep earthing with broom, then compacting furrow face, emerges in order to soil moisture conservation,
After within d, 3-4 days, emerging, furrow face be kept moistening, have a small amount of aphid to May and occur, suitably to be prevented and treated, need timely Nitrogen Top Dressing and phosphorus, potash fertilizer, all according to 20kg/667m in seedling stage and florescence
2amount apply;
E, July Suaeda salsa namely start to bloom and carry out reproductive growth, until initial seed prematurity in August is gathered in whole strain with regard to direct before not being scattered, complete stool removes, in case seed is scattered affect the plantation of later stage other plant kind;
If saline land salt content is when 0.2%-0.3%, just replant the sandy beach root of large-flowered skullcap, employing is buried rhizomatic mode and is planted, and soon, management method is as follows for turf speed and effect:
After a, August, Suaeda salsa removed, directly taked by the sandy beach root of large-flowered skullcap open country nursery on the saline land that above-mentioned process plantation Suaeda salsa was improved, first clear up rubbish and wholely, then ground ploughed deeply rear iron bamboo rake Lou Ping, then becoming shallow ridges for subsequent use with line-spacing 20 centimetres of Lous that are as the criterion;
B, be one section by the root-like stock handled well with 3 joints, being as the criterion with spacing 15 centimetres is laid in whole good shallow ridges, then covers above the soil layer of one deck 2 cm thick, waters immediately;
About c, 15-20 days, seedling exposed native face, after the root of large-flowered skullcap normal growth of sandy beach, topdressed according to growing way, watered in real time according to ground dry and wet condition (keeping soil moisture to be 60%).
Before alkaline land improving, soil salt content is more than 0.7%, pH value 8.6, and ammonium nitrogen 6.62mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 12.3mg/kg, available potassium 41.5mg/kg, the content of organic matter are 1%.
The content of organic matter is the fourth stage, and ammonium nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium are all in low-level, totally belongs to country's soil fertility level such as low grade; According in the marine solonchak in the salinization classification of China different regions, saline land belongs to severe salination; According to pH value, belong to alkaline earth.In a word, belong to that barren soil loosening is easily washed away loss by rainwater etc. heavy salinizedly before alkaline land improving, irrigate rear surface of watering and easily cause and harden, and do not irrigate the earth's surface accumulation of salt in the surface soil after soil transpiration that do not rain, saline and alkaline raises on the contrary.
Just can by alkaline land improving to about 0.28% through short year, so just can plant sandy beach root of large-flowered skullcap etc. slightly the plant of Salt And Alkali Tolerance come further to afforest improvement.And under this kind of method, not only make soil salt content be down to the level of suitable general salt-tolerant plant growth, soil physico-chemical property has also obviously had improvement, its pH value reduces to 7.8, and ammonium nitrogen 11.3mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 29.3mg/kg, available potassium 50.9mg/kg, the content of organic matter are 4.0%.Fertile soil, does not harden, and most importantly this kind of method does not occur phenomenon of making a false countercharge always.
Embodiment 2
A kind of by chemical-biological technology degree of depth improvement saline land method, comprise following step:
S1, chemical measure is utilized to improve saline land chemical composition
First, in saline land, add humic acid fertilizer, addition is 220kg/ mu, and described humic acid fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: biochemical fulvic acid 20 weight portion, water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer 8 weight portion, furfural dregs 25 weight portion, stalk 50 weight portion;
Then, in saline land, add chemically acid fertilizer, described chemically acid fertilizer select calcium fertilizer, comprise superphosphate and nitric acid calcareous fertilisers, reduce P in soil H value, meanwhile, execute physiological acidic fertilizer, comprise ammonium sulfate and nitrophosphate fertilizer;
Finally, add mineral chemical fertilizer in saline land, addition is 80kg/ mu, described mineral chemical fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: bentonite: 10 parts of weight portions, calcites: 25 weight portions, zeolite 25 weight portion, through pulverizing, screening, then add 8 parts by weight of activated carbon, granulation forms;
After above-mentioned fertilising step completes, maintenance irrigation amount every day 25 cubes/mu, continues 2 days;
S2, utilize biotechnology measure to alkaline land improvement
First, saline land is planted euhalophyte Suaeda salsa, concrete cultivation and maintenance management step are:
A, saline land after step S1 process adopt outdoor sowing Suaeda salsa;
B, to carry out at early March, ground is flattened, remove stone, rubble, rubbish incidental, with iron bamboo rake ground loosened and rake;
C, will to gather then and through the Suaeda salsa seed of specially treated, specially treated is as follows: with after the liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 20min of 500mg/L before broadcasting, change Seed soaking 4h.Every mu of ground kind of 1800g, opens the dark shallow ridges of 2mm, line-spacing 15cm with sharp mouth hoe, and evenly twist with the fingers with fine sand or the fine earth that sieves seed dressing and broadcast, gently sweep earthing with broom, then compacting furrow face, emerges in order to soil moisture conservation,
After within d, 3-4 days, emerging, furrow face be kept moistening, have a small amount of aphid to May and occur, suitably to be prevented and treated, need timely Nitrogen Top Dressing and phosphorus, potash fertilizer, all according to 20kg/667m in seedling stage and florescence
2amount apply;
E, July Suaeda salsa namely start to bloom and carry out reproductive growth, until initial seed prematurity in August is gathered in whole strain with regard to direct before not being scattered, complete stool removes, in case seed is scattered affect the plantation of later stage other plant kind;
If saline land salt content is when 0.2%-0.3%, just replant the sandy beach root of large-flowered skullcap, employing is buried rhizomatic mode and is planted, and soon, management method is as follows for turf speed and effect:
After a, August, Suaeda salsa removed, directly taked by the sandy beach root of large-flowered skullcap open country nursery on the saline land that above-mentioned process plantation Suaeda salsa was improved, first clear up rubbish and wholely, then ground ploughed deeply rear iron bamboo rake Lou Ping, then becoming shallow ridges for subsequent use with line-spacing 20 centimetres of Lous that are as the criterion;
B, be one section by the root-like stock handled well with 4 joints, being as the criterion with spacing 15 centimetres is laid in whole good shallow ridges, then covers above the soil layer of one deck 3 cm thick, waters immediately;
About c, 15-20 days, seedling exposed native face, after the root of large-flowered skullcap normal growth of sandy beach, topdressed according to growing way, watered in real time according to ground dry and wet condition (keeping soil moisture to be 60%).
Before alkaline land improving, soil salt content is more than 0.7%, pH value 8.6, and ammonium nitrogen 6.62mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 12.3mg/kg, available potassium 41.5mg/kg, the content of organic matter are 1%.
The content of organic matter is the fourth stage, and ammonium nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium are all in low-level, totally belongs to country's soil fertility level such as low grade; According in the marine solonchak in the salinization classification of China different regions, saline land belongs to severe salination; According to pH value, belong to alkaline earth.In a word, belong to that barren soil loosening is easily washed away loss by rainwater etc. heavy salinizedly before alkaline land improving, irrigate rear surface of watering and easily cause and harden, and do not irrigate the earth's surface accumulation of salt in the surface soil after soil transpiration that do not rain, saline and alkaline raises on the contrary.
Just can by alkaline land improving to about 0.28% through short year, so just can plant sandy beach root of large-flowered skullcap etc. slightly the plant of Salt And Alkali Tolerance come further to afforest improvement.And under this kind of method, not only make soil salt content be down to the level of suitable general salt-tolerant plant growth, soil physico-chemical property has also obviously had improvement, its pH value reduces to 7.8, and ammonium nitrogen 11.3mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 29.3mg/kg, available potassium 50.9mg/kg, the content of organic matter are 4.0%.Fertile soil, does not harden, and most importantly this kind of method does not occur phenomenon of making a false countercharge always.
Before alkaline land improving, soil salt content is more than 0.7%, pH value 8.6, and ammonium nitrogen 6.62mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 12.3mg/kg, available potassium 41.5mg/kg, the content of organic matter are 1%.
The content of organic matter is the fourth stage, and ammonium nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium are all in low-level, totally belongs to country's soil fertility level such as low grade; According in the marine solonchak in the salinization classification of China different regions, saline land belongs to severe salination; According to pH value, belong to alkaline earth.
In a word, before alkaline land improving, belong to that barren soil is very loose is easily washed away loss by rainwater etc. heavy salinizedly, irrigate rear surface of watering and easily cause and harden, and only will the accumulation of salt in the surface soil otherwise irrigate the earth's surface that not rain after soil transpiration, look a slice of Bai Cencen.
Just can by alkaline land improving to about 0.2% through short year, so just can plant sandy beach root of large-flowered skullcap etc. slightly the plant of Salt And Alkali Tolerance come further to afforest improvement.And under this kind of method not only soil salt content be down to suitable for plant growth level, soil physico-chemical property has also obviously had improvement, and soil is more fertile, and topsoil also not easily hardens, and does not occur phenomenon of making a false countercharge always.
Embodiment 3
A kind of by chemical-biological technology degree of depth improvement saline land method, comprise following step:
S1, chemical measure is utilized to improve saline land chemical composition
First, in saline land, add humic acid fertilizer, addition is 240kg/ mu, and described humic acid fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: biochemical fulvic acid 25 weight portion, water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer 10 weight portion, furfural dregs 30 weight portion, stalk 60 weight portion;
Then, in saline land, add chemically acid fertilizer, described chemically acid fertilizer select calcium fertilizer, comprise superphosphate and nitric acid calcareous fertilisers, reduce P in soil H value, meanwhile, execute physiological acidic fertilizer, comprise ammonium sulfate and nitrophosphate fertilizer;
Finally, add mineral chemical fertilizer in saline land, addition is 50kg/ mu, described mineral chemical fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: bentonite: 12 parts of weight portions, calcites: 30 weight portions, zeolite 30 weight portion, through pulverizing, screening, then add 10 parts by weight of activated carbon, granulation forms;
After above-mentioned fertilising step completes, maintenance irrigation amount every day 30 cubes/mu, continues 2 days;
S2, utilize biotechnology measure to alkaline land improvement
First, saline land is planted euhalophyte Suaeda salsa, concrete cultivation and maintenance management step are:
A, saline land after step S1 process adopt outdoor sowing Suaeda salsa;
B, to carry out at early March, ground is flattened, remove stone, rubble, rubbish incidental, with iron bamboo rake ground loosened and rake;
C, will to gather then and through the Suaeda salsa seed of specially treated, specially treated is as follows: with after the liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 20min of 500mg/L before broadcasting, change Seed soaking 4h.Every mu of ground kind of 2000g, opens the dark shallow ridges of 2mm, line-spacing 15cm with sharp mouth hoe, and evenly twist with the fingers with fine sand or the fine earth that sieves seed dressing and broadcast, gently sweep earthing with broom, then compacting furrow face, emerges in order to soil moisture conservation,
After within d, 3-4 days, emerging, furrow face be kept moistening, have a small amount of aphid to May and occur, suitably to be prevented and treated, need timely Nitrogen Top Dressing and phosphorus, potash fertilizer, all according to 20kg/667m in seedling stage and florescence
2amount apply;
E, July Suaeda salsa namely start to bloom and carry out reproductive growth, until initial seed prematurity in August is gathered in whole strain with regard to direct before not being scattered, complete stool removes, in case seed is scattered affect the plantation of later stage other plant kind;
If saline land salt content is when 0.2%-0.3%, just replant the sandy beach root of large-flowered skullcap, employing is buried rhizomatic mode and is planted, and soon, management method is as follows for turf speed and effect:
After a, August, Suaeda salsa removed, directly taked by the sandy beach root of large-flowered skullcap open country nursery on the saline land that above-mentioned process plantation Suaeda salsa was improved, first clear up rubbish and wholely, then ground ploughed deeply rear iron bamboo rake Lou Ping, then becoming shallow ridges for subsequent use with line-spacing 20 centimetres of Lous that are as the criterion;
B, be one section by the root-like stock handled well with 4 joints, being as the criterion with spacing 15 centimetres is laid in whole good shallow ridges, then covers above the soil layer of one deck 5 cm thick, waters immediately;
About c, 15-20 days, seedling exposed native face, after the root of large-flowered skullcap normal growth of sandy beach, topdressed according to growing way, watered in real time according to ground dry and wet condition (keeping soil moisture to be 60%).
Before alkaline land improving, soil salt content is more than 0.7%, pH value 8.6, and ammonium nitrogen 6.62mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 12.3mg/kg, available potassium 41.5mg/kg, the content of organic matter are 1%.
The content of organic matter is the fourth stage, and ammonium nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium are all in low-level, totally belongs to country's soil fertility level such as low grade; According in the marine solonchak in the salinization classification of China different regions, saline land belongs to severe salination; According to pH value, belong to alkaline earth.
In a word, before alkaline land improving, belong to that barren soil is very loose is easily washed away loss by rainwater etc. heavy salinizedly, irrigate rear surface of watering and easily cause and harden, and only will the accumulation of salt in the surface soil otherwise irrigate the earth's surface that not rain after soil transpiration, saline and alkaline raises on the contrary.
Just can by alkaline land improving to about 0.28% through short year, so just can plant sandy beach root of large-flowered skullcap etc. slightly the plant of Salt And Alkali Tolerance come further to afforest improvement.And under this kind of method not only soil salt content be down to suitable for plant growth level, soil physico-chemical property has also obviously had improvement, and soil is more fertile, and topsoil also not easily hardens, and most importantly can never occur phenomenon of making a false countercharge under this kind of method.、
Comparative example 1
Only adopt biological modification technology provided by the invention to carry out alkaline land improvement, concrete steps are:
First, saline land is planted euhalophyte Suaeda salsa, concrete cultivation and maintenance management step are:
The direct outdoor sowing of a, early March, flattens ground, removes stone, rubble, rubbish incidental, to be loosened on ground and rake with iron bamboo rake;
B, will to gather then and through the Suaeda salsa seed of specially treated, with after the liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 20min of 500mg/L before broadcasting, change Seed soaking 4h, every mu of ground kind of 2000g, open the dark shallow ridges of 1-2mm with sharp mouth hoe, line-spacing 15cm, evenly twist with the fingers with fine sand or the fine earth that sieves seed dressing and broadcast, gently sweep with broom, then compacting furrow face, spread straw screen or mat, then water permeable;
After within c, 3-4 days, emerging, furrow face be kept moistening, have a small amount of aphid to May and occur, suitably to be prevented and treated, need timely Nitrogen Top Dressing and phosphorus, potash fertilizer, according to 20kg/667m in seedling stage and florescence
2amount apply;
D, July Suaeda salsa namely start to bloom and carry out reproductive growth, until initial seed prematurity in August is first fetched earth before not being scattered, earth carries out the mensuration of the indexs such as salt content, Suaeda salsa is just allowed to continue normal growth if saline land does not reach less than 0.2%, until late October, when Suaeda salsa plant becomes red or yellow, more than 80% Grain Ripening can be gathered.General whole strain harvesting, airing, to sieve, removing branches and leaves, obtain seed, the Second Year spring proceeds Suaeda salsa planting seed again, until saline land salt content is about 0.2% time, just directly gathers in whole strain before August, initial seed prematurity was not scattered, complete stool removes, in case seed is scattered affect the plantation of later stage other plant kind;
If saline land salt content is when 0.2%-0.3%, just replant the sandy beach root of large-flowered skullcap, employing is buried rhizomatic mode and is planted, and soon, management method is as follows for turf speed and effect:
After a, August, Suaeda salsa removed, directly taked by the sandy beach root of large-flowered skullcap open country nursery in above-mentioned saline land of improveing through plantation Suaeda salsa, first clear up rubbish and wholely, then ground ploughed deeply rear iron bamboo rake Lou Ping, then becoming shallow ridges for subsequent use with line-spacing 20 centimetres of Lous that are as the criterion;
B, be one section by the root-like stock handled well with 4 joints, being as the criterion with spacing 15 centimetres is laid in whole good shallow ridges, then covers above the soil layer of one deck 2-5 cm thick, waters immediately;
About c, 15-20 days, seedling exposed native face, after the root of large-flowered skullcap normal growth of sandy beach, topdressed according to growing way, watered in real time according to ground dry and wet condition.
Before alkaline land improving, soil salt content is more than 0.7%, pH value 8.6, that is belongs to heavy salinizedly.Through sowing plantation Suaeda salsa after 2 years soil salt content reduce to about 0.3%, and then plant the sandy beach root of large-flowered skullcap and carry out covering ground, afforest normally.Though this kind of method does not have the phenomenon of making a false countercharge in later stage, but the time of experience is too of a specified duration, needs the time of at least three years just can reach desired afforestation effect.
Comparative example 2
The chemical measure in the present invention is only adopted to improve saline land
First, humic acid fertilizer is added in saline land, addition is 200-240kg/ mu, and described humic acid fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: biochemical fulvic acid 15-25 weight portion, water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer 6-10 weight portion, furfural dregs 20-30 weight portion, stalk 40-60 weight portion;
Then, in saline land, add chemically acid fertilizer according to the region pH value in step S4 large database concept, described chemically acid fertilizer select calcium fertilizer, comprise superphosphate, nitric acid calcareous fertilisers, reduce P in soil H value, simultaneously, can physiological acidic fertilizer be executed, comprise ammonium sulfate, nitrophosphate fertilizer;
Finally, mineral chemical fertilizer is added in saline land, described mineral chemical fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: bentonite: 6-12 part weight portion, calcite: 20-30 weight portion, zeolite 20-30 weight portion, through pulverizing, screening, then 6-10 parts by weight of activated carbon is added, granulation, addition is 50-100kg/ mu;
After above-mentioned fertilising step completes, utilize the pouring operation of step S3 to keep irrigation amount 20-30 cube/mu every day, continue 1-2 days, and then utilize the detection operation of step S4 to carry out region detection to saline land, ensure the region consistency in whole saline land, stability;
Before alkaline land improving, soil salt content is more than 0.7%, pH value 8.6, and ammonium nitrogen 6.62mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 12.3mg/kg, available potassium 41.5mg/kg, the content of organic matter are 1%.
After above improvement steps, described in treat improvement soil salt content be down to about 0.4% fast, pH value about 7.9, ammonium nitrogen 9.4mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 22.1mg/kg, available potassium 50.7mg/kg, the content of organic matter are about 4%.But phenomenon of making a false countercharge appears in this kind of method later stage, as the effective ways thoroughly improveing soil, can not be suitable in conjunction with biological modification and other measures.
Comparative example 3
Reduce the salt content of soil in saline land only by engineering measure of the present invention, concrete steps are as follows:
A, saline land periphery excavate motor-pumped well, and utilize water pump from described motor-pumped well by underground bitter extract out, make the underground bitter of surrounding constantly to the direction sidesway of described motor-pumped well, thus reduce the underground bitter water level in saline land;
B, subsurface layer in saline land lay salt discharge collector pipe network, and described salt discharge collector pipe network is made up of underground hidden pipe and collector pipe, and described underground hidden pipe is PVC bellows with holes, and caliber is 40-50cm; The tube wall of described underground hidden pipe offers pore, and described pore is beaten in the groove of bellows by laser-beam drilling machine, and pore presses 1-3cm pitch arrangement, and the diameter of described pore is 0.04-0.1cm; The surrounding of described underground hidden pipe is wrapped with filtrate, enters blocking underground hidden pipe in pipe to prevent powdery soil particle; The Lay interval 5-15 rice of described underground hidden pipe, the degree of depth on the soil layer surface in the distance from top saline land of underground hidden pipe is 80-180cm; The gradient that described underground hidden pipe forms 3-5 ° according to the routing of water drainage of saline land soil layer is laid, and end is unified connects described collector pipe;
C, utilize in the above-mentioned saline land of fresh water irrigation, form the water layer of certain depth on ground, the salinity in soil is fully dissolved, then to concentrate from described collector pipe from salt discharge collector pipe network discharge dissolving water salty, thus reduce the salt content of soil;
Before alkaline land improving, soil salt content is more than 0.7%, pH value more than 8.6, that is belongs to heavy salinizedly.After above improvement steps, when fresh water irrigation comparatively fully or rainwater is more sufficient, described in treat that improvement soil salt content can be down to about 0.35% fast, pH value is down to about 7.7.But this kind of method has stronger dependence to freshwater resources and the later stage easily occurs phenomenon of making a false countercharge, as the effective ways of thorough improvement soil, can not need in conjunction with biological modification and other measures.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, and all are based on technical conceive of the present invention, and done structural improvement, all falls among protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1., by a chemical-biological technology degree of depth improvement saline land method, comprise following step:
S1, chemical measure is utilized to improve saline land chemical composition
First, in saline land, add humic acid fertilizer, addition is 200-240kg/ mu;
Then, in saline land, add chemically acid fertilizer, described chemically acid fertilizer select calcium fertilizer, comprise superphosphate and nitric acid calcareous fertilisers, reduce P in soil H value, meanwhile, execute physiological acidic fertilizer, comprise ammonium sulfate and nitrophosphate fertilizer;
Finally, add mineral chemical fertilizer in saline land, addition is 50-100kg/ mu;
After above-mentioned fertilising step completes, keep irrigation amount 20-30 cube/mu every day, continue 1-2 days;
S2, utilize biotechnology measure to alkaline land improvement
First, saline land is planted euhalophyte Suaeda salsa, concrete cultivation and maintenance management step are:
A, saline land after step S1 process adopt outdoor sowing Suaeda salsa;
B, to carry out at early March, ground is flattened, remove stone, rubble, rubbish incidental, with iron bamboo rake ground loosened and rake;
C, will to gather then and through the Suaeda salsa seed of specially treated, specially treated is as follows: with after the liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 20min of 500mg/L before broadcasting, change Seed soaking 4h; Every mu of ground kind of 1500-2000g, opens the dark shallow ridges of 1-2mm, line-spacing 15cm with sharp mouth hoe, and evenly twist with the fingers with fine sand or the fine earth that sieves seed dressing and broadcast, gently sweep earthing with broom, then compacting furrow face, emerges in order to soil moisture conservation,
After within d, 3-4 days, emerging, furrow face be kept moistening, have a small amount of aphid to May and occur, suitably to be prevented and treated, need timely Nitrogen Top Dressing and phosphorus, potash fertilizer, all according to 20kg/667m in seedling stage and florescence
2amount apply;
E, July Suaeda salsa namely start to bloom and carry out reproductive growth, until initial seed prematurity in August is gathered in whole strain with regard to direct before not being scattered, complete stool removes, in case seed is scattered affect the plantation of later stage other plant kind;
If pending saline land salt content, when 0.2%-0.3%, just replants the sandy beach root of large-flowered skullcap, employing is buried rhizomatic mode and is planted, and management method is as follows:
After a, August, Suaeda salsa removed, directly taked by the sandy beach root of large-flowered skullcap open country nursery on the saline land that above-mentioned process plantation Suaeda salsa was improved, first clear up rubbish and wholely, then ground ploughed deeply rear iron bamboo rake Lou Ping, then becoming shallow ridges for subsequent use with line-spacing 20 centimetres of Lous that are as the criterion;
B, be one section by the root-like stock handled well with 3-4 joint, being as the criterion with spacing 15 centimetres is laid in whole good shallow ridges, then covers the soil layer of one deck 2-5 cm thick above, waters immediately;
About c, 15-20 days, seedling exposed native face, after the root of large-flowered skullcap normal growth of sandy beach, topdressed according to growing way, watered in real time according to ground dry and wet condition.
2. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of by chemical-biological technology degree of depth improvement saline land method, it is characterized in that: described humic acid fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: biochemical fulvic acid 15-25 weight portion, water-soluble state siliceous fertilizer 6-10 weight portion, furfural dregs 20-30 weight portion, stalk 40-60 weight portion.
3. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of by chemical-biological technology degree of depth improvement saline land method, it is characterized in that: described mineral chemical fertilizer comprises the component of following weight portion: bentonite: 6-12 part weight portion, calcite: 20-30 weight portion, zeolite 20-30 weight portion, through pulverizing, screening, then add 6-10 parts by weight of activated carbon, granulation forms.
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| CN105123405A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-09 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | Method for planting kiwi fruit trees in saline-alkali soil |
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| CN105766534A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-07-20 | 天津泰达绿化集团有限公司 | Method for planting berberis thumbergii in littoral saline-alkali land |
| CN105766534B (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2019-08-06 | 天津泰达绿化集团有限公司 | A kind of method for planting of beach saline land purple leaf barberry |
| CN105885865A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-08-24 | 郑走生 | Saline-alkali soil biological improving agent and improving method |
| CN106085458A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-11-09 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of salt-soda soil shrub plantation modifying agent formula and modification method thereof |
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| CN110698294A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-01-17 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrition slow release and lasting effect as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN111386785A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-10 | 山东胜伟盐碱地科技有限公司 | Biological method for saline-alkali soil improvement |
| CN112876320A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-01 | 山西大学 | Active pyrosalt alkaline earth modifier and preparation method thereof |
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Address after: 261108 Jiangxi Binhai Economic Development Zone, Shandong, Shannon street, No. 00800, Weifang Patentee after: Shandong Sheng Wei salt alkali land Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 261108 Weifang Binhai Economic and Technological Development Zone, Jiangxi incense street, No. 99, Wei Wei International Building, No. Patentee before: Shandong Sunway Garden Technology Co., Ltd. |