CN110698294A - Coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrition slow release and lasting effect as well as preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrition slow release and lasting effect as well as preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110698294A CN110698294A CN201911095177.3A CN201911095177A CN110698294A CN 110698294 A CN110698294 A CN 110698294A CN 201911095177 A CN201911095177 A CN 201911095177A CN 110698294 A CN110698294 A CN 110698294A
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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Abstract
The invention relates to a coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrition slow release and persistence, which comprises a salt absorption component with nutrition slow release function and a salt storage component, wherein the salt absorption component with nutrition slow release function is prepared by modifying humic acid in a reaction kettle at 55-75 ℃ in the presence of sulfuric acid, then reacting with acidic phosphate and stone powder, and drying. The salt reducing agent organically combines the salt reducing with the slow release of the nutrient with low salt content, achieves the purposes of reducing salt and supplementing fertilizer, organically combines the slow release of the nutrient with the high-efficiency absorption of crops, achieves the purposes of slow release and high efficiency, organically combines the salt absorbing component with the nutrient slow release function with the salt storage component, achieves the triple effects of reducing salt, supplementing fertilizer and fixing salt for a long time, and has a long-lasting and stable salt fixing effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a salt-absorbing agent, in particular to a coastal saline soil improvement salt-absorbing agent with nutrition slow release and lasting effect, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of soil improvement.
Background
The saline soil is also called saline-alkali soil and is divided into inland saline soil and coastal saline soil, the saline soil area of China is wide and accounts for 4.88 percent of the available land area of the whole country, wherein the saline cultivated land area reaches 920.9 multiplied by 104hm2And accounts for 6.62 percent of the cultivated land area in China. Various salinized soils in China are distributed, but coastal salinized soil is most widely distributed, is almost distributed in various provinces, cities and autonomous regions along the coast, and has the area of about 211.4 multiplied by 104hm2. The coastal plain area in the north of the Yangtze river is the largest coastal saline soil distribution area in China and occupies about half of the area of the coastal saline soil. Due to natural factors and the lack of persistent-effect modifiers, about 80 percent of coastal saline soil is not developed and utilized in China. Since the 21 st century, with the acceleration of agricultural development speed and the improvement of land resource development and utilization strength in China, Bohai sea granary engineering construction is particularly promoted, so that the green improvement and development and utilization of coastal saline soil are urgently needed.
Different from the saline soil in inland. Firstly, the salt accumulation process of the coastal saline soil is prior to the soil formation process (which is a unique characteristic of the coastal saline soil), so that the surface salt accumulation of the coastal saline soil is heavy, the salt content of the whole section is also very high, the water level of underground water is high, and the mineralization degree is large. Secondly, because the salt of the coastal saline soil mainly comes from seawater, the salt composition of the soil and groundwater is consistent with that of the seawater, except for a few acidic coastal saline soil, chloride is used as an absolute advantage, and sodium chloride is used as a majority. Thirdly, coastal saline soil is mainly influenced by the backflow of underground water and seawater, and the biological influence is very little, so that the soil alkalinity is low, carbonate ions are hardly detected, and the pH is more than 7.5-8.0; and fourthly, the obstructive factors such as 'thin' and the like are more prominent, and because the salt content is high, the fertilizer is difficult to apply, and the coastal saline soil is generally lack of nutrition. Therefore, an improved technology aiming at the characteristics of the coastal saline soil and simultaneously aiming at the resource utilization in the coastal areas is urgently needed.
For the heavily saline soil (the salt content is more than 0.4%), the conditioner or the salt-absorbing agent is applied to reduce the salt content of the surface soil of the coastal saline soil, so that the problem of surface soil salt-covering caused by the traditional salt pressing by water can be effectively avoided.
For example, Chinese patent document CN102504825A discloses an ecological conditioner for coastal saline soil, a preparation method and an application thereof. The modifier neutralizes alkali through acid generated by physiological metabolism of thalli, so that the pH value of soil is reduced, meanwhile, the condition that salt content rises along capillary gaps along with water is blocked by the existence mode of microbial flora in the soil, the salt content of surface soil is reduced, the modifier can only reduce the salt content of the surface soil, salt absorption and salt fixation cannot be realized, and the modifier is easy to reduce the activity of a biological agent due to higher salt content and has poor effect on improving severe saline soil.
For another example, chinese patent document CN105993267A discloses a method for performing raw soil greening on coastal saline-alkali soil by using a salt absorbent containing fly ash, chinese patent document CN105993268A discloses a method for performing raw soil greening on seawater-immersed saline-alkali soil by using a salt absorbent containing sugar residue mud, and chinese patent document CN107365233A discloses a compound fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil and a production method thereof, wherein the three documents can reduce salt to a certain extent, but have the following disadvantages:
(1) salt reduction and low-salinity nutrient slow release are not organically combined, and the effects of salt reduction and slimming cannot be achieved. Although the publication CN105993267A, CN105993268A mentions fermented manure components, after the manure is fermented, the organic nitrogen and phosphorus with slow release capability and the organic potassium in combination are converted into nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soluble inorganic salt state, which no longer have nutrient slow release capability and increase salinity. In addition, microorganisms are mentioned in the literature, but the microorganisms play a role and are greatly influenced by external factors, and generally, the microorganisms are difficult to play under the conditions of high salinity and low fertility, and the survival of the microorganisms is a problem.
(2) The chemical nutrients are not highly effective, and the crops are difficult to absorb and utilize. Three documents mention ferric pyrophosphate, tricalcium phosphate, potassium ore, phosphate ore and the like, and the chemical effectiveness is not high, so that crops are difficult to absorb and utilize.
(3) Is only suitable for greening the original soil of the coastal saline soil and is not suitable for field crops. Besides the above-mentioned problems of low nutrient availability, difficult absorption and utilization of field crops, high cost and difficult simultaneous sowing of seed and fertilizer.
(4) The holding effect on salt content is not stable. Along with the degradation of the straw powder and the organic materials and the desorption of the salt adsorbed by the inorganic materials, the fixing effect on the salt can be gradually reduced or disappeared.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrient slow release and persistence as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
The invention can simultaneously realize the following purposes:
(1) the salt reduction and the slow release of nutrients with low salt are organically combined, so that the effects of reducing salt and supplementing fertilizer are achieved.
(2) The nutrient slow release and the high-efficiency absorption of crops are organically combined, so that the slow release and the high efficiency are realized.
(3) Low cost, being suitable for rapid mass production, being capable of realizing 'simultaneous sowing of seed and fertilizer', and being convenient for popularization and application on field crops.
(4) The salt absorption component with the nutrition slow release function and the salt occlusion component are organically combined to achieve the triple effects of salt reduction, fertilizer supplement and salt lasting fixation.
(5) The salt holding effect is durable and stable.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrition slow release and persistence comprises a salt absorption component with nutrition slow release function and a salt occlusion component, wherein the weight ratio of the salt absorption component with nutrition slow release function to the salt occlusion component is as follows: (55-60): (35-40).
According to the invention, the preferable salt absorption component with the nutrition slow release function is prepared by modifying humic acid in a reaction kettle at 55-75 ℃ in the presence of sulfuric acid, reacting with acid phosphate and stone powder, and drying.
According to the preferable selection of the invention, the salt absorption component with the nutrition slow release function is prepared by the following method:
adding sulfuric acid into a temperature-controlled reaction kettle, stirring while slowly adding humic acid according to the liquid-solid volume ratio of 5-10: 1, controlling the temperature to be 80-110 ℃, refluxing for 2-3.5 h, adding powdery acidic phosphate into the system according to the liquid-solid volume ratio of 5-10: 1 while stirring, adding stone powder while stirring until the pH of the reaction liquid is 6.0-6.3, stopping adding the stone powder, adjusting the pH to be 6.5-7.0, performing filter pressing on a plate frame, shearing and crushing filter residues, then performing vacuum drying until the water content is less than or equal to 8%, and crushing the filter residues through a 1mm sieve to obtain the adsorbed salt component with the nutrition slow-release function.
Further preferably, the mass fraction of the sulfuric acid is 20-30%, the regulator added for regulating the pH is a potassium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 40-60%, the vacuum drying degree is 85-95 kpa, and the drying temperature is 75-90 ℃.
Further preferably, the humic acid is one of weathered coal and lignite humic acid; the grain size is less than or equal to 150 meshes, the carbon content is more than or equal to 60 percent, and the aromaticity is more than or equal to 45 percent.
More preferably, the acidic phosphate is one or any combination of two or more of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate.
Furthermore, the stone powder is any combination of two or more of light calcium carbonate, light magnesium oxide and dolomite powder, and the particle size is less than or equal to 150 meshes.
According to the invention, the occlusion salt component is preferably prepared from an organic occlusion material and an inorganic occlusion material according to the following formula (20-40): (60-80) by weight.
According to the invention, the organic impoundment material is a product obtained by incomplete combustion of crop straws under low-temperature anaerobic conditions, and the particle size of the product is 100 meshes.
Further preferably, the crop straws are selected from wheat straws and rice straws; the anaerobic combustion temperature is 300-450 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-10 h.
According to the invention, preferably, the inorganic impoundment material is one or any combination of more than two of sepiolite and diatomite.
More preferably, the particle size of the inorganic occlusion material is 100 mesh or less.
According to the invention, the preferable coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrition slow release and lasting effect also comprises a bonding component, and the weight ratio of the bonding component to the salt absorption component with nutrition slow release function is as follows: (1-10): (55-60), wherein the bonding component is one or any combination of more than two of molasses, lignosulfonate and urea.
Further preferably, the lignosulfonate is calcium lignosulfonate; the urea is small particle urea.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrition slow release and lasting effect.
A preparation method of a coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrition slow release and persistence comprises the following steps:
mixing the salt absorption component and the salt occlusion component with the nutrition slow release function for 30-40 min under the vacuum heat drying condition that the vacuum degree is 80-90 kpa and the temperature is 50-60 ℃;
or spraying the bonding component on a dry material formed by mixing a salt absorption component and a salt storage component with nutrition slow release function in a disc granulator, and granulating, drying and cooling to obtain the fertilizer.
Preferably, the adhesive material is prepared into an aqueous solution before use, and the weight ratio of the aqueous solution to water is 1: 3-5.
More preferably, the granulated particles have a particle size of 2mm to 5 mm.
Further preferably, the air inlet temperature of the dryer is controlled to be 150-180 ℃ and the air outlet temperature of the dryer is controlled to be 40-50 ℃ during drying.
It is further preferred that the temperature of the cooled particulate salt adsorbent should not exceed the natural ambient temperature.
The application of the coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrient slow release and lasting effect is suitable for continuously improving the whole plough layer of the coastal saline soil with high salinity and low nutrition, and the application amount is 30 kg/mu to 150 kg/mu.
According to the invention, the preferable application amount is 100 kg/mu-150 kg/mu for the severe saline soil with the soluble salt content of more than or equal to 0.4 percent, and 30 kg/mu-100 kg/mu for the medium-low saline soil with the soluble salt content of less than 0.4 percent.
The preparation of the salt absorption component with the nutrition slow release function not only introduces the phosphate double salt with low salinity and containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components, but also introduces the acidification factors with low salinity, such as sulfonated humic acid, calcium sulfate and the like. The introduced double phosphate, sulfonated humic acid and calcium sulfate are slightly soluble or insoluble in cold water, so that the salinity is low, and the content of soluble salt in the coastal saline soil cannot be increased by applying a large amount of the double phosphate, the sulfonated humic acid and the calcium sulfate. The hydrolysis of the sulfonated humic acid and the calcium sulfate can generate sulfuric acid (the hydrolysis process is slow), and the introduced phosphate double salt is dissolved in the dilute acid, so that the insoluble phosphate double salt is continuously dissolved to release nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium which can be absorbed and utilized by crops in the presence of the acid-causing factors, and the purpose of slow release of nutrients is achieved. In addition, calcium ions generated by hydrolysis of calcium sulfate can exchange sodium ions absorbed by soil and enter the soil solution, and sulfonated humic acid and humic acid formed after hydrolysis are good colloids and can absorb the sodium ions in the soil solution. The components have synergistic effect, so that the salt is reduced, the fertilizer is supplemented, and the slow release and the high efficiency are realized. In order to further reduce sodium ions and chloride ions in the soil solution, the invention also introduces a salt retention component, which has organic type and inorganic type in composition, has a porous structure, can retain salt ions and cannot degrade, so that the salt retention effect is more durable and stable. The raw materials used for preparing the salt absorption agent are all easy to obtain and low in price, the salt absorption agent is suitable for large-scale production, and the seed manure can be sowed simultaneously by introducing the binding material for granulation, so that the salt absorption agent not only can be widely applied to improvement of coastal saline soil farmlands, but also can be improved and simplified in operation.
The binding component of the invention not only plays a role in binding and granulating, but also can supplement carbon sources and nitrogen sources which can be absorbed and utilized for soil microorganisms, provide soil microorganism activity and improve soil microorganism flora, thereby indirectly promoting nutrient absorption of crops.
In a word, the invention has the advantages that the salt reduction and the fertilizer supplement are realized simultaneously, the slow release and the high efficiency are synchronous, and the salt holding effect is durable and stable; the preparation process is simple, the cost is low, the method is suitable for rapid mass production, and the method can be used for 'sowing seeds and fertilizers at the same time', the improvement operation is simplified, and the market prospect is wide.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in conjunction with the following examples, which are included to explain and illustrate the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The raw materials used in the examples:
sulfuric acid: available from Nanjing Union speciality chemical Co., Ltd;
weathered coal humic acid, lignite humic acid, available from Jinan Yunze chemical Limited;
ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate, available from Sichuan Hon phosphorus chemical Co., Ltd;
precipitated calcium carbonate, available from jingluo industries ltd, well 38473;
93% of light magnesium oxide, available from Shijiazhuang Tianyu magnesium industries, Ltd;
dolomite powder, available from Lingshou county Henchang mineral processing factories;
90% of industrial grade potassium hydroxide, available from chemical company Limited, Shuichouchang, Jinan;
sepiolite powder, diatomite and the like are produced by a processing plant for the Hengshi mineral products in Lingshou county;
50% of molasses powder, which is sold by Jinan Xinkang New Material Co., Ltd;
99% calcium lignosulfonate, commercially available from chemical Limited, Jiawang, Jinan;
small particle urea, available from Shandong jin coal Ming shui chemical group Co.
Example 1:
a preparation method of the coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrition slow release and lasting effect comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an adsorption salt component with nutrition slow release function:
adding 100L of sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 30% into a temperature-controlled reaction kettle, slowly adding weathered coal humic acid with the particle size of less than or equal to 150 meshes according to the liquid-solid volume ratio of 10:1 while stirring, controlling the temperature to be between 105 and 110 ℃, refluxing for 2.0 to 2.2 hours, adding powdery ammonium dihydrogen phosphate into the reaction liquid according to the liquid-solid ratio of 5:1 while stirring while heating, adding light calcium carbonate and light magnesium oxide with the particle size of less than or equal to 150 meshes according to the mass ratio of 1:1 while stirring until the pH of the reaction liquid is 6.0 to 6.1, stopping adding the mixture of the light calcium carbonate and the light magnesium oxide, adding 56 percent of potassium hydroxide solution at the moment, regulating the pH to be between 6.5 and 6.6, stopping adding the potassium hydroxide solution, performing plate-and frame filter pressing, performing vacuum drying after shearing and crushing filter residues, wherein the vacuum degree is 90 to 95kpa, the drying temperature is 85 to 90 ℃, and stopping drying when the water content is lower than 8%, crushing and sieving by a sieve of 1mm to obtain an adsorbed salt component with the nutrition slow release function;
(2) preparation of the occlusion salt component:
cutting the air-dried rice straws into thin sections with the length of 0.5-1 cm, drying to constant weight at 105 ℃, carbonizing for 5 hours in a muffle furnace under the condition of oxygen limitation and temperature control, wherein the carbonization temperature is 450 ℃, taking out, cooling, crushing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain an organic occlusion salt component; and mixing the organic occlusion salt component with diatomite according to the mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain the occlusion salt component.
(3) The preparation method of the coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrient slow release and lasting effect comprises the following steps:
the salt absorption and storage salt components with the nutrition slow release function are mixed according to the weight ratio of 60: 40, and then carrying out vacuum drying with the vacuum degree of 85-90 kpa, the drying temperature of 55-60 ℃ and the drying time of 40 min.
The coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent prepared in the embodiment 1 and having nutrition slow release and lasting effect is suitable for improving the whole plough layer of the coastal saline soil with high salinity and low nutrition.
Example 2:
a preparation method of the coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrition slow release and lasting effect comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an adsorption salt component with nutrition slow release function:
adding 100L of sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 20% into a temperature-controlled reaction kettle, slowly adding weathered coal humic acid with the particle size of less than or equal to 150 meshes according to the liquid-solid volume ratio of 5:1 while stirring, controlling the temperature to be 80-85 ℃, refluxing for 3.3-3.5 h, adding a mixture of powdery ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and powdery potassium dihydrogen phosphate with the mass ratio of 1:1 into the reaction liquid according to the liquid-solid ratio of 10:1 while stirring, adding dolomite powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 150 meshes while stirring until the pH of the reaction liquid is 6.2-6.3, stopping adding the dolomite powder, adding a potassium hydroxide solution with the fraction of 40%, adjusting the pH to be 6.8-7.0, stopping adding the potassium hydroxide solution, performing plate-frame pressure filtration, performing vacuum drying after shearing and crushing filter residues, stopping drying when the vacuum degree is 85-90 kpa, the drying temperature is 75-80 ℃, and crushing the water content is lower than 8%, and sieving by a 1mm sieve, obtaining the adsorption salt component with the nutrition slow release function.
(2) Preparation of the occlusion salt component:
cutting the air-dried wheat straws into thin sections with the length of 0.5-1 cm, drying to constant weight at 105 ℃, carbonizing for 8 hours in a muffle furnace under the condition of oxygen limitation and temperature control, wherein the carbonization temperature is 350 ℃, taking out, cooling, crushing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the organic occluded salt component. And mixing the organic occlusion salt component with sepiolite powder according to the mass ratio of 1:2 to obtain the occlusion salt component.
(3) The preparation method of the coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrient slow release and lasting effect comprises the following steps:
the salt absorption component and the impounded salt component with the nutrition slow-release function are mixed according to the weight ratio of 55: 40, and then carrying out vacuum drying with the vacuum degree of 85-90 kpa, the drying temperature of 55-60 ℃ and the drying time of 30 min.
The coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent prepared in the embodiment 2 and having nutrition slow release and lasting effect is suitable for improving the whole plough layer of the coastal saline soil with medium and high salinity and medium nutrition.
Example 3:
a preparation method of the coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrition slow release and lasting effect comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an adsorption salt component with nutrition slow release function:
adding 100L of sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 30% into a temperature-controlled reaction kettle, slowly adding weathered coal humic acid with the particle size of less than or equal to 150 meshes according to the liquid-solid volume ratio of 10:1 while stirring, controlling the temperature to be between 105 and 110 ℃, refluxing for 2.0 to 2.2 hours, adding powdery ammonium dihydrogen phosphate into the reaction liquid according to the liquid-solid ratio of 5:1 while stirring while heating, adding light calcium carbonate and light magnesium oxide with the particle size of less than or equal to 150 meshes according to the mass ratio of 1:1 while stirring until the pH of the reaction liquid is 6.0 to 6.1, stopping adding the mixture of the light calcium carbonate and the light magnesium oxide, adding 56 percent of potassium hydroxide solution at the moment, regulating the pH to be between 6.5 and 6.6, stopping adding the potassium hydroxide solution, performing plate-and frame filter pressing, performing vacuum drying after shearing and crushing filter residues, wherein the vacuum degree is 90 to 95kpa, the drying temperature is 85 to 90 ℃, and stopping drying when the water content is lower than 8%, crushing and sieving by a sieve of 1mm to obtain the adsorption salt component with the nutrition slow release function.
(2) Preparation of the occlusion salt component:
cutting the air-dried rice straws into thin sections with the length of 0.5-1 cm, drying to constant weight at 105 ℃, carbonizing for 5 hours in a muffle furnace under the condition of oxygen limitation and temperature control, wherein the carbonization temperature is 450 ℃, taking out, cooling, crushing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the organic occluded salt component. And mixing the organic occlusion salt component with diatomite according to the mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain the occlusion salt component.
(3) The preparation method of the coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrient slow release and lasting effect comprises the following steps:
before granulation, 3 parts by weight of molasses powder and 2 parts by weight of small granular urea are dispersed in 15 parts by weight of water to obtain a binder, the binder is sprayed on a dry material formed by mixing 60 parts by weight of a salt absorption component with a nutrition slow release function and 35 parts by weight of occluded salt in a disc granulator, and the product is obtained by granulation, drying, cooling, screening and packaging. The method comprises the following steps: the air inlet temperature of the dryer is controlled to be 150-160 ℃ during drying, the air outlet temperature is controlled to be 40-45 ℃, and the cooled salt absorbent particles are close to the room temperature. The preferable granulation particle size is 2 mm-5 mm, the particle size is too large or too small, and the crushed particles are used as the special salt absorbent for improving the coastal saline soil with the nutrition slow release function.
By adopting the preparation of the coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent prepared in the example 3 and having the nutrient slow release and the lasting effect, the powdery coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent is suitable for improving the whole plough layer of the high-salinity low-nutrient coastal saline soil, and the granular coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent is suitable for improving the planting plough layer of the high-salinity low-nutrient coastal saline soil under the condition of sowing seeds and fertilizers at the same time.
Example 4:
a preparation method of the coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrition slow release and lasting effect comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an adsorption salt component with nutrition slow release function:
adding 100L of sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 20% into a temperature-controlled reaction kettle, slowly adding weathered coal humic acid with the particle size of less than or equal to 150 meshes according to the liquid-solid volume ratio of 5:1 while stirring, controlling the temperature to be 80-85 ℃, refluxing for 3.3-3.5 h, adding a mixture of powdery ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate with the mass ratio of 1:1 into the reaction liquid according to the liquid-solid ratio of 10:1 while stirring, adding dolomite powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 150 meshes while stirring until the pH of the reaction liquid is 6.2-6.3, stopping adding stone powder, adjusting the pH to be 40% of a potassium hydroxide solution, stopping adding the potassium hydroxide solution when the pH is 6.8-7.0, performing plate-frame pressure filtration, performing vacuum drying after shearing and crushing filter residues, stopping drying when the vacuum degree is 85-90 kpa, the drying temperature is 75-80 ℃, crushing the filter residues and sieving the crushed residues by a 1mm sieve, obtaining the adsorption salt component with the nutrition slow release function.
(2) Preparation of the occlusion salt component:
cutting the air-dried wheat straws into thin sections with the length of 0.5-1 cm, drying to constant weight at 105 ℃, carbonizing for 8 hours in a muffle furnace under the condition of oxygen limitation and temperature control, wherein the carbonization temperature is 350 ℃, taking out, cooling, crushing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the organic occluded salt component. And mixing the organic occlusion salt component with sepiolite powder according to the mass ratio of 1:2 to obtain the occlusion salt component.
(3) The coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent has nutrient slow release and lasting effect:
before granulation, 1 weight part of molasses powder, 1 weight part of calcium lignosulfonate and 1 weight part of small granular urea are dispersed in 18 weight parts of water to obtain a binder, the binder is sprayed on a dry material formed by mixing 57 weight parts of a salt absorption component with a nutrition slow release function and 40 weight parts of occluded salt in a disc granulator, and the dry material is granulated, dried, cooled, screened and packaged. The method comprises the following steps: the air inlet temperature of the dryer is controlled to be 170-180 ℃, the air outlet temperature is controlled to be 45-50 ℃ during drying, and the cooled salt absorbent particles are close to the room temperature. The preferable granulation particle size is 2 mm-5 mm, the particle size is too large or too small, and the crushed particles are used as the special salt absorbent for improving the coastal saline soil with the nutrition slow release function.
The salt absorbing agent with the nutrition slow-release function special for improving the coastal saline soil, which is prepared in the embodiment 4, is applicable to improving the whole plough layer of the coastal saline soil with medium and high salinity and low nutrition in a powdery manner, and is applicable to improving the planting plough layer of the coastal saline soil with medium and high salinity and low nutrition in a granular manner under the condition of sowing seeds and fertilizers at the same time.
The application effect is as follows:
the special salt absorbent for improving the coastal saline soil with the nutrition slow-release function, which is prepared according to the embodiment, is applied to a test for improving the moderately saline coastal saline soil in the yellow river estuary town of the reclamation area in Shandong province, Ying city, and the tested crop is winter wheat.
Before sowing winter wheat:
the salt and nutrient content conditions of the plough layer soil are as follows: the content of soluble salt in the soil on the surface layer (0-20 cm) is 0.36 percent, and is close to that of heavily saline soil (the salt content is more than or equal to 0.40 percent), the content of sodium chloride is 91 percent, the pH value is 7.7, the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 42.7mg/Kg, the content of available phosphorus is 19.4mg/Kg, and the content of available potassium is 121.3 mg/Kg.
After harvesting winter wheat:
(1) improving effect on soil salinity and pH value
The content of soluble salt in the soil on the surface layer (0-20 cm) is reduced by 44.9-49.7%, the content of sodium ions in the soil is reduced by 57.7-64.2%, the content of chloride ions is reduced by 32.1-35.2%, and the pH is reduced to 6.7-7.0. Specific indexes are shown in a table 1:
TABLE 1 salt content and pH changes in the surface soil of harvested winter wheat
| Soil index | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 |
| Soluble salt content (%) | 0.181 | 0.186 | 0.191 | 0.198 |
| Decrease in soluble salt content (%) | 49.7 | 48.2 | 46.9 | 44.9 |
| Reduction of soil sodium ion content (%) | 64.2 | 62.1 | 60.7 | 57.7 |
| Reduction of soil chloride ion content (%) | 35.2 | 32.3 | 33.1 | 32.1 |
| pH of soil | 6.7 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 7.0 |
(2) Improving soil nutrient content
The content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the surface layer (0-20 cm) of the soil is respectively increased by 18.6-25.3%, 67.8-83.2% and 15.9-21.5%. The specific indexes are shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2 variation of nutrient content of surface soil after harvesting of winter wheat
| Soil index | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 |
| Increase in alkaline Nitrogen content of soil (%) | 21.4 | 18.6 | 25.3 | 22.5 |
| Increase of available phosphorus content in soil (%) | 74.3 | 67.8 | 83.2 | 76.1 |
| Increase of effective potassium content in soil (%) | 21.5 | 17.7 | 20.7 | 15.9 |
(3) Influence on growth and yield of winter wheat
Compared with the contrast, the emergence rate of the wheat field which is applied with the special salt absorbent for improving the coastal saline soil and has the nutrition slow-release function is improved by 21.2-25.1%, the ear number per mu is increased by 26.5-31.4%, and the yield per mu of winter wheat is improved by 31.6-37.8%. Specific indexes are shown in a table 3:
TABLE 3 winter wheat growth and yield conditions
| Soil index | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 |
| Emergence rate increase (%) | 23.4 | 21.2 | 25.1 | 22.8 |
| Increase in ear per mu (%) | 30.3 | 26.5 | 31.4 | 30.1 |
| Mu yield increase (%) | 35.5 | 31.6 | 37.8 | 34.9 |
(4) Retention duration verification of salt
After the salt absorbent is applied to the coastal saline soil improved by the salt absorbent, the salt absorbent is not applied any more, the content of soluble salt and the pH value of the soil on the surface soil (0-20 cm) are measured after 6 months, and the test results are shown in the following table 4:
TABLE 4 physicochemical Properties of coastal saline soil after 6 months after improvement of the salt absorbent
| Soil index | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 |
| Soluble salt content (%) | 0.184 | 0.188 | 0.196 | 0.201 |
| pH of soil | 6.7 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 7.0 |
As can be seen from the table 4, even if the salt absorbent is not applied to the improved coastal saline soil, the content of soluble salt and the pH value of the soil are basically unchanged after 6 months, which shows that the salt absorbent has lasting effect and long lasting period.
The above embodiments are only exemplary, so as to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present disclosure, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, but as merely providing the modifications to the technical solution of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrition slow release and persistence comprises a salt absorption component with nutrition slow release function and a salt occlusion component, wherein the weight ratio of the salt absorption component with nutrition slow release function to the salt occlusion component is as follows: (55-60): (35-40);
the salt absorption component with the nutrition slow release function is prepared by modifying humic acid in a reaction kettle at 55-75 ℃ in the presence of sulfuric acid, reacting with acid phosphate and stone powder, and drying.
2. The coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrient slow release and persistence as claimed in claim 1, wherein the salt absorption component with nutrient slow release function is prepared by the following method:
adding sulfuric acid into a temperature-controlled reaction kettle, stirring while slowly adding humic acid according to the liquid-solid volume ratio of 5-10: 1, controlling the temperature to be 80-110 ℃, refluxing for 2-3.5 h, adding powdery acidic phosphate into the system according to the liquid-solid volume ratio of 5-10: 1 while stirring, adding stone powder while stirring until the pH of the reaction liquid is 6.0-6.3, stopping adding the stone powder, adjusting the pH to be 6.5-7.0, performing filter pressing on a plate frame, shearing and crushing filter residues, then performing vacuum drying until the water content is less than or equal to 8%, and crushing the filter residues through a 1mm sieve to obtain the adsorbed salt component with the nutrition slow-release function.
3. The coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrient slow release and persistence as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mass fraction of sulfuric acid is 20-30%, the regulator added for adjusting the pH is potassium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 40-60%, the vacuum drying vacuum degree is 85-95 kpa, the drying temperature is 75-90 ℃, and the humic acid is one of weathered coal and humic acid; the grain size is less than or equal to 150 meshes, the carbon content is more than or equal to 60 percent, and the aromaticity is more than or equal to 45 percent.
4. The coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrient slow release and persistence as claimed in claim 2, wherein the acidic phosphate is one or more of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate; the stone powder is any combination of two or more of light calcium carbonate, light magnesium oxide and dolomite powder, and the particle size is less than or equal to 150 meshes.
5. The coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrient slow release and persistence as claimed in claim 1, wherein the occlusion salt component is prepared from organic occlusion materials and inorganic occlusion materials according to the following formula (20-40): (60-80) by weight.
6. The coastal saline soil improvement salt absorbent with nutrient slow release and persistence as claimed in claim 5, wherein the organic occlusion material is a product obtained by incomplete combustion of crop straws under low-temperature anaerobic conditions, the particle size is 100 meshes, and the crop straws are selected from wheat straws and rice straws; the anaerobic combustion temperature is 300-450 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5-10 h, the inorganic occlusion material is one or more than two of sepiolite and diatomite which are combined randomly, and the grain size of the inorganic occlusion material is less than or equal to 100 meshes.
7. The coastal saline soil improvement salt absorbent with nutrient slow release and persistence as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a binding component, wherein the weight ratio of the binding component to the salt absorption component with nutrient slow release function is as follows: (1-10): (55-60), the bonding component is one or any combination of more than two of molasses, lignosulfonate and urea, preferably, the lignosulfonate is calcium lignosulfonate; the urea is small particle urea.
8. A preparation method of a coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrition slow release and persistence comprises the following steps:
mixing the salt absorption component and the salt occlusion component with the nutrition slow release function for 30-40 min under the vacuum heat drying condition that the vacuum degree is 80-90 kpa and the temperature is 50-60 ℃;
or spraying the bonding component on a dry material formed by mixing a salt absorption component and a salt storage component with nutrition slow release function in a disc granulator, and granulating, drying and cooling to obtain the fertilizer.
9. The preparation method of the adhesive material according to claim 9, wherein the adhesive material is prepared into an aqueous solution before use, the weight ratio of the aqueous solution to water is 1: 3-5, the granulation particle size is 2 mm-5 mm, the air inlet temperature of a dryer is controlled to be 150-180 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is controlled to be 40-50 ℃ during drying.
10. The application of the coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrient slow release and lasting effect is suitable for continuously improving a high-salinity low-nutrient coastal saline soil full plough layer, and the application amount is 30 kg/mu to 150 kg/mu;
preferably, the application amount of the heavy saline soil with the soluble salt content of more than or equal to 0.4 percent is 100 kg/mu to 150 kg/mu, and the application amount of the medium-low saline soil with the soluble salt content of less than 0.4 percent is 30 kg/mu to 100 kg/mu.
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| NL2026829A NL2026829B1 (en) | 2019-11-11 | 2020-11-05 | Salt absorbent with nutrient slow release and persistence for improving coastal saline soil, and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN110698294B (en) | 2022-11-25 |
| NL2026829B1 (en) | 2023-01-30 |
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