CN111170794A - Saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111170794A CN111170794A CN202010202218.0A CN202010202218A CN111170794A CN 111170794 A CN111170794 A CN 111170794A CN 202010202218 A CN202010202218 A CN 202010202218A CN 111170794 A CN111170794 A CN 111170794A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/06—Ammoniation of superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the improvement fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of nutrient substances, 50-65 parts of organic filler, 8-15 parts of inorganic filler, 15-50 parts of acid mellow soil and 5-15 parts of water-retaining resin; the saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer mainly comprises nutrient substances, organic fillers, inorganic fillers, acid mellow soil and water-retaining resin, when the saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer is prepared, the inorganic fillers and the nutrient substances are used as main raw materials, and polyglutamic acid aqueous solution is used as an adhesive for granulation, so that particles which have good water-retaining property and can provide nutrients for growth of microorganisms and plants are obtained, and then a water-retaining layer is formed on the surfaces of the particles through the water-retaining resin, so that the ground condition of the saline-alkali soil can be effectively improved, and the growth effect of the plants is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, domestic saline soil, also called saline-alkali soil, has wide distribution range, large area and various types, and mainly occurs in arid, semiarid and semimoist regions, soluble salts of the saline-alkali soil mainly comprise sulfates, chlorides, carbonates and bicarbonates of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and the like, the sulfates and the chlorides are generally neutral salts, and the carbonates and the bicarbonates are alkaline salts. The formation of salinization or salinization of soil is caused by the process that salt in the soil bottom layer or underground water rises to the ground surface along with capillary water, and salt is accumulated in surface soil after water evaporation, and the phenomenon or process that easily soluble salt is accumulated on the surface of soil can be understood.
Saline-alkali soil can inhibit the growth of plants due to high concentration, thereby influencing the growth of cash crops and further causing economic loss, in order to improve the crop yield of saline-alkali soil, on one hand, the fertilizer is needed to be applied to the crops per se and nursing is needed, on the other hand, the saline-alkali soil is needed to be improved, thereby permanently solving the problem that the saline-alkali soil is low in yield and even cannot be utilized, and solving the problem of the saline-alkali soil, so that the saline-alkali soil can be utilized, which is an important measure and direction for relieving the Shanzhao in human beings, in the prior art, the saline-alkali soil is mainly subjected to salt elimination and salt washing to reduce the salt content, then saline-alkali tolerant plant fertility-increasing soil is planted, and finally, the crops are planted, the method has long period and high cost, is difficult to effectively and quickly reform the saline-alkali soil, and can achieve a good effect in a, the effect of the fertilizer is obviously inhibited, and in order to solve the problems, the invention provides the saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer which can quickly take effect and has good and continuous repair effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows:
1. the method is mainly characterized in that salt is removed and washed in order to reduce the salt content in the saline-alkali soil, then saline-alkali tolerant plants are planted to fertilize the soil, and finally crops are planted.
2. In order to reform transform the saline and alkaline land fast among the prior art, can treat to reform transform the saline and alkaline land and use the material that contains porous structure and the material that is rich in the humus, can play obvious effect in the short time, but on the one hand this kind of material can run off in a large number along with factors such as rainfall on the one hand after using, cause energy waste and environmental pollution, and because the environment of saline and alkaline land, the microorganism growth is restricted, no matter be quantity or activity all lower, this also leads to the accumulation in a large number of humus and other degradable material, can't in time play the transformation effect, the limited growth that also directly leads to the saline and alkaline land of microorganism simultaneously reforms transform in a long time or needs the replenishment of external.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
15-25 parts of nutrient substances, 50-65 parts of organic filler, 8-15 parts of inorganic filler, 15-50 parts of acid mellow soil and 5-15 parts of water-retaining resin;
the nutrient substance is one or a mixture of at least two of ammonium sulfate, ammonium superphosphate and potassium sulfate, and the ammonium sulfate and the ammonium superphosphate are acid fertilizers, so that the pH value of the saline-alkali soil can be adjusted, a large amount of nutrients are supplemented, and the soil fertility is improved;
the organic filling material is one or a mixture of at least two of peat, lignite and weathered coal, contains rich humus, and can improve the soil hardening condition, loosen the soil, improve the soil permeability and promote the activity of soil microorganisms;
the inorganic filler is obtained by uniformly mixing zeolite and gypsum according to the weight ratio of 1:0.1-1, the zeolite contains abundant pore structures and can also improve the water retention of soil, and calcium ions in the gypsum can replace sodium ions in the soil, so that the salt content in the soil is reduced.
The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing water-retaining resin;
step two, uniformly mixing inorganic filling materials and nutrient substances, adding 10-20% of polyglutamic acid aqueous solution, mixing and stirring, and granulating by using a disc granulator to obtain a nutrient layer;
uniformly mixing chitosan, sodium alginate and glycerol according to the weight ratio of 1:0.1-1:0.4-1, adding water-retaining resin, continuously stirring and uniformly mixing, mixing and granulating the nutrition layer and the mixture in a roller granulator, and drying to wrap the surface of the nutrition layer to form a water-retaining layer;
wherein, the chitosan, the sodium alginate and the glycerol can be used as nutrient components for the growth of microorganisms on one hand and can be used as an adhesive to ensure that the water retention layer is adhered to the surface of the nutrient layer to form a complete nutrient particle on the other hand;
and step four, uniformly mixing the nutrient particles obtained in the step four with acid mellow soil and organic filling materials according to a weight ratio to obtain the saline-alkali improved fertilizer.
The preparation method of the water-retaining resin comprises the following steps:
s1, adding wheat starch into distilled water, stirring and mixing uniformly, and heating at 95 ℃ for 25-40min to obtain gelatinized starch, wherein the mass ratio of the wheat starch to the distilled water is 1: 12-16;
s2, adding a sodium hydroxide solution into the acrylic acid solution under an ice bath condition, and reacting to obtain a sodium acrylate solution, wherein the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 10mol/L, and the volume ratio of acrylic acid to the sodium hydroxide solution is 3: 2-3;
s3, adding the N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, the ammonium persulfate and the sodium acrylate solution prepared in the previous step into gelatinized starch, wherein the volume ratio of the gelatinized starch to the sodium acrylate solution is 1: the addition amount of 2, N, N-methylene bisacrylamide in the gelatinized starch is 0.5-0.7g/L, the addition amount of ammonium persulfate in the gelatinized starch is 1.1-1.2g/L, after the materials are fully stirred and uniformly mixed, a modified filling material is added, then the obtained mixed solution is stirred and reacted for 1-2 hours at the temperature of 50 ℃, so that the graft copolymerization is carried out to obtain a copolymerization product, wherein the addition amount of the organic filling material in the gelatinized starch is 0.05-0.1 g/ml;
s4, adding a compound microbial agent into the copolymerization product obtained in the previous step, uniformly stirring and mixing, culturing at a constant temperature of 37 ℃ for 3-5 days, cutting the copolymerization product after constant-temperature culture to a particle size of less than 0.3cm, and drying at a drying temperature of 37-45 ℃ to obtain water-retaining resin;
the compound microbial agent comprises actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis and bacillus megateriumMixing with Aspergillus niger, wherein each gram of water-retaining resin contains actinomycetes 1-1.8 × 108cfu containing Bacillus subtilis 1-1.5 × 108cfu containing Bacillus megaterium 2-3X 108cfu containing Aspergillus niger 0.2-0.5 × 108cfu；
In this step, use wheat starch as grafting raw materials, have good grafting rate, simultaneously in the in-process of preparing water-retaining resin, add kibbling modified filling material in the copolymerization product, modified filling material can promote the structural strength of water-retaining resin on the one hand, promote the porosity of water-retaining resin, provide the space for the growth of microorganism earlier stage, on the other hand modified filling material's porous structure plays loose soil, reduce soil volume weight, promote the effect of little biological activity and water retention ventilative, through adding compound bacterial, on the one hand promote the inside pore structure of resin through the degradation of microorganism, thereby promote the water absorption water retention ability of resin, on the other hand can improve saline and alkaline land conditions as beneficial bacterium after the bacterial activation in the water-retaining resin, promote the growth effect of plant.
As a further scheme of the invention, the preparation method of the modified filling material comprises the following steps:
SS1, crushing and drying the straws, and pressurizing to form the straw with the density of 0.6-0.8g/cm3The straw brick is pyrolyzed into biochar through oxygen-limited pyrolysis, and the biochar is crushed and then screened by a 100-200-mesh sieve for later use;
SS2, preparing a nutrient solution by using sterile water, wherein the nutrient solution comprises 8-12% of whey protein powder, 15-18% of cane sugar, 2-3% of glucose, 0.7-0.9% of ammonium sulfate, 0.6-0.7% of calcium carbonate, 0.15-0.2% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-0.35% of magnesium sulfate and 1-10% of sodium alginate by mass percent,
SS3, adding the crushed biochar into the nutrient solution, stirring and mixing uniformly, soaking for 5-15min under the atmospheric pressure of 1.5-3atm, taking out the biochar, and drying to obtain the modified filling material.
In this step, use biological charcoal as the carrier, make porous biological charcoal fully absorb the nutrient solution, use sodium alginate as film forming material in the nutrient solution, promote biological charcoal to the absorbed dose and the fixed effect of nutrient solution, because biological charcoal is using as the filler material of water-retaining resin, on the one hand, the biological charcoal that adsorbs a large amount of nutrient solution can provide nutrition and provide the space for the growth of microorganism, and on the other hand, biological charcoal itself can play the effect of loosening the soil, moisturizing ventilative as porous filler.
The acid mellow soil is prepared by processing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of mellow soil, 0.1-0.13 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5-1.2 parts of porous plant material, 3-5 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer and 0.08-0.1 part of sulfur powder, wherein the preparation method of the acid mellow soil comprises the following steps:
a. uniformly mixing dried and crushed mellow soil which is sieved by a 40-70 mesh sieve with a porous plant material;
b. preparing acetic acid water solution with pH of 6-6.5, adding the mixture of the mellow soil and the porous plant material obtained in the previous step into the acetic acid water solution, and soaking for 20-50min, wherein ultrasonic treatment is adopted in the soaking process;
c. drying and dehydrating the mixture of the mellow soil and the porous plant material at the temperature of not more than 45 ℃, crushing, sieving by a sieve of 18-30 meshes, and uniformly mixing with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, decomposed organic fertilizer and sulfur powder to obtain the acid mellow soil.
The porous plant material is one or at least two of wheat bran, straw powder, crushed bamboo chips or crushed wood chips which are uniformly mixed, and the porous plant material is sieved by a 40-70 mesh sieve.
The acid mellow soil adopts porous plant materials as one of the fillers, so that the phenomenon of sudden hardening is relieved, the respiration of crop roots is promoted, and the growth of crops is promoted, wherein potassium dihydrogen phosphate, decomposed organic fertilizer and a large amount of microorganisms carried in the mellow soil can effectively improve the alkaline environment of soil at the fertilizing position, so that the growth environment of microorganisms at the fertilizing position is improved, and the accumulation of microorganisms at the early stage is effectively improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer mainly comprises nutrient substances, organic fillers, inorganic fillers, acid mellow soil and water-retaining resin, when the saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer is prepared, the inorganic fillers and the nutrient substances are used as main raw materials, polyglutamic acid aqueous solution is used as an adhesive for granulation, particles which have good water-retaining property and can provide nutrients for growth of microorganisms and plants are obtained, then a water-retaining layer is formed on the surfaces of the particles through the water-retaining resin, the water-retaining resin takes wheat starch as a grafting raw material and has good grafting rate, meanwhile, in the process of preparing the water-retaining resin, crushed modified filling materials are added into a copolymerization product, the modified filling materials take biochar as a carrier, so that porous biochar can fully absorb nutrient solution, sodium alginate is used as a film-forming material in the nutrient solution, and the absorption amount and the fixing effect of the biochar on the nutrient solution are improved, because the biochar is used as a filling material of the water-retaining resin, on one hand, the biochar adsorbed with a large amount of nutrient solution can provide nutrition for the growth of microorganisms and provide space for the growth of the microorganisms, on the other hand, the biochar can be used as a porous filler to play roles in loosening soil, retaining water and ventilating, and by adding the composite strains, on the one hand, the internal pore structure of the resin is improved through the degradation of the microorganisms, so that the water absorption and retention capacity of the resin is improved, on the other hand, the strains in the water-retaining resin can be used as beneficial bacteria after being activated to improve the ground condition of the saline-alkali soil and improve the growth effect of plants;
the acid mellow soil adopts porous plant materials as one of the fillers, so that the phenomenon of sudden hardening is relieved, the respiration of crop roots is promoted, and the growth of crops is promoted, wherein potassium dihydrogen phosphate, decomposed organic fertilizer and a large amount of microorganisms carried in the mellow soil can effectively improve the alkaline environment of soil at the fertilizing position, so that the growth environment of microorganisms at the fertilizing position is improved, the accumulation of early-stage microorganisms is effectively improved, and the speed and the quality of saline-alkali soil improvement are improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
22 parts of nutrient substances, 60 parts of organic filler, 10 parts of inorganic filler, 20 parts of acid mellow soil and 7 parts of water-retaining resin;
the nutrient substance is a uniform mixture of ammonium sulfate, ammonium superphosphate and potassium sulfate according to the weight ratio of 1:1: 2.5;
the organic filler is lignite;
the inorganic filler is obtained by uniformly mixing zeolite and gypsum according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.8.
The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing water-retaining resin;
step two, uniformly mixing inorganic filling materials with nutrient substances, adding a polyglutamic acid aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 12%, mixing and stirring, and granulating through a disc granulator to obtain a nutrient layer;
uniformly mixing chitosan, sodium alginate and glycerol according to the weight ratio of 1:0.3:0.5, adding water-retaining resin, continuously stirring and uniformly mixing, mixing and granulating the nutrition layer and the mixture in a roller granulator, and drying to wrap the surface of the nutrition layer to form a water-retaining layer;
and step four, uniformly mixing the nutrient particles obtained in the step four with acid mellow soil and organic filling materials according to a weight ratio to obtain the saline-alkali improved fertilizer.
The preparation method of the water-retaining resin comprises the following steps:
s1, adding wheat starch into distilled water, stirring and mixing uniformly, and heating at 95 ℃ for 30min to obtain gelatinized starch, wherein the mass ratio of the wheat starch to the distilled water is 1: 12;
s2, adding a sodium hydroxide solution into the acrylic acid solution under an ice bath condition, and reacting to obtain a sodium acrylate solution, wherein the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 10mol/L, and the volume ratio of acrylic acid to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1: 1;
s3, adding the N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, the ammonium persulfate and the sodium acrylate solution prepared in the previous step into gelatinized starch, wherein the volume ratio of the gelatinized starch to the sodium acrylate solution is 1: the addition amount of 2, N, N-methylene bisacrylamide in the gelatinized starch is 0.6g/L, the addition amount of ammonium persulfate in the gelatinized starch is 1.2g/L, after the materials are fully stirred and uniformly mixed, a modified filling material is added, then the obtained mixed solution is stirred and reacted for 1.5 hours at the temperature of 50 ℃, so that a copolymerization product is obtained by graft copolymerization, wherein the addition amount of the organic filler in the gelatinized starch is 0.08 g/ml;
s4, adding a compound microbial agent into the copolymerization product obtained in the previous step, uniformly stirring and mixing, culturing at a constant temperature of 37 ℃ for 5 days, cutting the copolymerization product after constant-temperature culture until the particle size is less than 0.3cm, and drying at 37 ℃ to obtain water-retaining resin;
the compound microbial agent comprises actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and aspergillus niger;
as a further scheme of the invention, the preparation method of the modified filling material comprises the following steps:
SS1, crushing and drying the straws, and pressurizing to form the straw with the density of 0.6-0.8g/cm3The straw brick is pyrolyzed into biochar through oxygen-limited pyrolysis, and the biochar is crushed and then sieved by a 200-mesh sieve for later use;
SS2, preparing a nutrient solution by using sterile water, wherein the nutrient solution comprises 12% of whey protein powder, 15% of cane sugar, 3% of glucose, 0.7% of ammonium sulfate, 0.7% of calcium carbonate, 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.25% of magnesium sulfate and 1.5% of sodium alginate by mass percent,
and SS3, adding the crushed biochar into the nutrient solution, stirring and mixing uniformly, soaking for 10min under the condition of 3atm air pressure, taking out the biochar, and drying to obtain the modified filling material.
The acid mellow soil is prepared by processing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of mellow soil, 0.12 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.7 part of porous plant material, 4 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer and 0.1 part of sulfur powder, wherein the preparation method of the acid mellow soil comprises the following steps:
a. uniformly mixing dried mellow soil which is crushed and sieved by a 70-mesh sieve with porous plant materials;
b. preparing an acetic acid aqueous solution with the pH value of 6, adding the mixture of the mellow soil and the porous plant material obtained in the previous step into the acetic acid aqueous solution, and soaking for 20min, wherein ultrasonic treatment is adopted in the soaking process;
c. drying and dehydrating the mixture of the mellow soil and the porous plant material at the temperature of not more than 45 ℃, crushing and sieving the mixture by a 30-mesh sieve, and uniformly mixing the crushed mixture with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, decomposed organic fertilizer and sulfur powder to obtain the acid mellow soil.
The porous plant material is wheat bran and is uniformly mixed with crushed wood chips according to the weight ratio of 4:1, and the porous plant material is sieved by a 40-mesh sieve.
Example 2
A saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
20 parts of nutrient substances, 50 parts of organic filler, 15 parts of inorganic filler, 40 parts of acid mellow soil and 10 parts of water-retaining resin;
the nutrient substances are ammonium sulfate, ammonium superphosphate and potassium sulfate according to the weight ratio of 1:1: 2;
the organic filler is weathered coal;
the inorganic filler is obtained by uniformly mixing zeolite and gypsum according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.4.
The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing water-retaining resin;
step two, uniformly mixing inorganic filling materials and nutrient substances, adding a polyglutamic acid aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 20%, mixing and stirring, and granulating by using a disc granulator to obtain a nutrient layer;
uniformly mixing chitosan, sodium alginate and glycerol according to the weight ratio of 1:0.5:1, adding water-retaining resin, continuously stirring and uniformly mixing, mixing and granulating the nutrition layer and the mixture in a roller granulator, and drying to coat the surface of the nutrition layer to form a water-retaining layer;
and step four, uniformly mixing the nutrient particles obtained in the step four with acid mellow soil and organic filling materials according to a weight ratio to obtain the saline-alkali improved fertilizer.
The preparation method of the water-retaining resin comprises the following steps:
s1, adding wheat starch into distilled water, stirring and mixing uniformly, and heating at 95 ℃ for 30min to obtain gelatinized starch, wherein the mass ratio of the wheat starch to the distilled water is 1: 12;
s2, adding a sodium hydroxide solution into the acrylic acid solution under an ice bath condition, and reacting to obtain a sodium acrylate solution, wherein the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 10mol/L, and the volume ratio of acrylic acid to the sodium hydroxide solution is 3: 2;
s3, adding the N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, the ammonium persulfate and the sodium acrylate solution prepared in the previous step into gelatinized starch, wherein the volume ratio of the gelatinized starch to the sodium acrylate solution is 1: the addition amount of 2, N, N-methylene bisacrylamide in the gelatinized starch is 0.5g/L, the addition amount of ammonium persulfate in the gelatinized starch is 1.2g/L, after the materials are fully stirred and uniformly mixed, a modified filling material is added, then the obtained mixed solution is stirred and reacted for 2 hours at the temperature of 50 ℃, so that a copolymerization product is obtained by graft copolymerization, wherein the addition amount of the organic filling material in the gelatinized starch is 0.06 g/ml;
s4, adding a compound microbial agent into the copolymerization product obtained in the previous step, uniformly stirring and mixing, culturing at a constant temperature of 37 ℃ for 5 days, cutting the copolymerization product after constant-temperature culture until the particle size is less than 0.3cm, and drying at 37 ℃ to obtain water-retaining resin;
the compound microbial agent comprises actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and aspergillus niger;
as a further scheme of the invention, the preparation method of the modified filling material comprises the following steps:
SS1, crushing and drying the straws, and pressurizing to form the straw with the density of 0.6-0.8g/cm3The straw brick is pyrolyzed by limited oxygen pyrolysisForming biochar, crushing the biochar, and sieving the biochar with a 100-mesh sieve for later use;
SS2, preparing a nutrient solution by using sterile water, wherein the nutrient solution comprises 10% of whey protein powder, 16% of sucrose,% of glucose, 0.8% of ammonium sulfate, 0.6% of calcium carbonate, 0.15% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.25% of magnesium sulfate and 2% of sodium alginate by mass percent,
and SS3, adding the crushed biochar into the nutrient solution, stirring and mixing uniformly, soaking for 10min under the condition of 3atm air pressure, taking out the biochar, and drying to obtain the modified filling material.
The acid mellow soil is prepared by processing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of mellow soil, 0.1 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.8 part of porous plant material, 4 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer and 0.1 part of sulfur powder, wherein the preparation method of the acid mellow soil comprises the following steps:
a. uniformly mixing dried and crushed mellow soil which is sieved by a 40-mesh sieve with a porous plant material;
b. preparing an acetic acid aqueous solution with the pH value of 6, adding the mixture of the mellow soil and the porous plant material obtained in the previous step into the acetic acid aqueous solution, and soaking for 25min, wherein ultrasonic treatment is adopted in the soaking process;
c. drying and dehydrating the mixture of the mellow soil and the porous plant material at the temperature of not more than 45 ℃, crushing, sieving by a sieve of 18-30 meshes, and uniformly mixing with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, decomposed organic fertilizer and sulfur powder to obtain the acid mellow soil.
The porous plant material is one or at least two of wheat bran, straw powder, crushed bamboo chips or crushed wood chips which are uniformly mixed, and the porous plant material is sieved by a 40-mesh sieve.
Experimental results and analysis:
dividing three areas with the same area without communicating water and fertilizer in a test field, ploughing the three areas and irrigating, respectively applying the improved fertilizers in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 to two areas (the application amount of the improved fertilizers is 40 kg/mu), not applying the improved fertilizers to the other area, then preserving water and soaking for 30 days, sowing rice seeds after soaking, observing the growth condition of the rice, wherein the organism is shown in a table 1:
TABLE 1
The seedling emergence density of the control group is about 2/3 of the seedling emergence density of the embodiment 1, and the heading density of the control group is about 1/3 of the heading density of the embodiment 1, so that the saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer has a good improvement effect on saline-alkali soil, and can obviously improve the crop yield of the saline-alkali soil.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art to the specific embodiments described without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (7)
1. The saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
15-25 parts of nutrient substances, 50-65 parts of organic filler, 8-15 parts of inorganic filler, 15-50 parts of acid mellow soil and 5-15 parts of water-retaining resin;
the nutrient substance is one or a mixture of at least two of ammonium sulfate, ammonium superphosphate and potassium sulfate;
the organic filling material is one or a mixture of at least two of peat, lignite and weathered coal;
the inorganic filler is obtained by uniformly mixing zeolite and gypsum according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.1-1.
2. A preparation method of a saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, preparing water-retaining resin;
step two, uniformly mixing inorganic filling materials and nutrient substances, adding 10-20% of polyglutamic acid aqueous solution, mixing and stirring, and granulating by using a disc granulator to obtain a nutrient layer;
uniformly mixing chitosan, sodium alginate and glycerol according to the weight ratio of 1:0.1-1:0.4-1, adding water-retaining resin, continuously stirring and uniformly mixing, mixing and granulating the nutrition layer and the mixture in a roller granulator, and drying to wrap the surface of the nutrition layer to form a water-retaining layer;
and step four, uniformly mixing the nutrient particles obtained in the step four with acid mellow soil and organic filling materials according to a weight ratio to obtain the saline-alkali improved fertilizer.
3. The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the water-retaining resin comprises the following steps:
s1, adding wheat starch into distilled water, stirring and mixing uniformly, and heating at 95 ℃ for 25-40min to obtain gelatinized starch, wherein the mass ratio of the wheat starch to the distilled water is 1: 12-16;
s2, adding a sodium hydroxide solution into the acrylic acid solution under an ice bath condition, and reacting to obtain a sodium acrylate solution, wherein the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 10mol/L, and the volume ratio of acrylic acid to the sodium hydroxide solution is 3: 2-3;
s3, adding the N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, the ammonium persulfate and the sodium acrylate solution prepared in the previous step into gelatinized starch, wherein the volume ratio of the gelatinized starch to the sodium acrylate solution is 1: the addition amount of 2, N, N-methylene bisacrylamide in the gelatinized starch is 0.5-0.7g/L, the addition amount of ammonium persulfate in the gelatinized starch is 1.1-1.2g/L, after the materials are fully stirred and uniformly mixed, a modified filling material is added, then the obtained mixed solution is stirred and reacted for 1-2 hours at the temperature of 50 ℃, so that the graft copolymerization is carried out to obtain a copolymerization product, wherein the addition amount of the organic filling material in the gelatinized starch is 0.05-0.1 g/ml;
s4, adding a compound microbial agent into the copolymerization product obtained in the previous step, uniformly stirring and mixing, culturing at a constant temperature of 37 ℃ for 3-5 days, cutting the copolymerization product after constant temperature culture until the particle size is less than 0.3cm, and drying at 37-45 ℃ to obtain the water-retaining resin.
4. The method for preparing a saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein the compound microbial agent comprises actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and aspergillus niger, and each gram of the water-retaining resin contains 1-1.8 x 10 of actinomycetes8cfu containing Bacillus subtilis 1-1.5 × 108cfu containing Bacillus megaterium 2-3X 108cfu containing Aspergillus niger 0.2-0.5 × 108cfu。
5. The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the modified filling material comprises the following steps:
SS1, crushing and drying the straws, and pressurizing to form the straw with the density of 0.6-0.8g/cm3The straw brick is pyrolyzed into biochar through oxygen-limited pyrolysis, and the biochar is crushed and then screened by a 100-200-mesh sieve for later use;
SS2, preparing a nutrient solution by using sterile water, wherein the nutrient solution comprises 8-12% of whey protein powder, 15-18% of cane sugar, 2-3% of glucose, 0.7-0.9% of ammonium sulfate, 0.6-0.7% of calcium carbonate, 0.15-0.2% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-0.35% of magnesium sulfate and 1-10% of sodium alginate by mass percent,
SS3, adding the crushed biochar into the nutrient solution, stirring and mixing uniformly, soaking for 5-15min under the atmospheric pressure of 1.5-3atm, taking out the biochar, and drying to obtain the modified filling material.
6. The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the acid mellow soil is prepared by processing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of mellow soil, 0.1-0.13 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5-1.2 parts of porous plant material, 3-5 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer and 0.08-0.1 part of sulfur powder, wherein the preparation method of the acid mellow soil comprises the following steps:
a. uniformly mixing dried and crushed mellow soil which is sieved by a 40-70 mesh sieve with a porous plant material;
b. preparing acetic acid water solution with pH of 6-6.5, adding the mixture of the mellow soil and the porous plant material obtained in the previous step into the acetic acid water solution, and soaking for 20-50min, wherein ultrasonic treatment is adopted in the soaking process;
c. drying and dehydrating the mixture of the mellow soil and the porous plant material at the temperature of not more than 45 ℃, crushing, sieving by a sieve of 18-30 meshes, and uniformly mixing with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, decomposed organic fertilizer and sulfur powder to obtain the acid mellow soil.
7. The method for preparing fertilizer for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 6, wherein the porous plant material is one or a mixture of at least two of wheat bran, straw powder, crushed bamboo chips and crushed wood chips, and the porous plant material is sieved by a 40-70 mesh sieve.
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