CN107602262B - Controlled-release fertilizer for southern potato drip irrigation and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Controlled-release fertilizer for southern potato drip irrigation and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a southern potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of inner-layer fertilizer and 3-5 parts of outer-layer controlled-release material; the inner layer fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of organic fertilizer, 20-30 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 10-20 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 1-5 parts of algin and 1-3 parts of polyglutamic acid; the outer layer controlled release material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of modified turf, 10-15 parts of chitosan modified bentonite, 0.5-1 part of water-retaining agent, 1-2 parts of acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution, 1-2 parts of lipase and 50-80 parts of water. The invention also provides a preparation method of the southern potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer. The fertilizer disclosed by the invention is released in a long-acting manner, the requirement of potatoes on the fertilizer in the whole growth period is met, and the yield is increased obviously.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer for southern potatoes and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The potato has strong adaptability and high yield, and is one of four grain crops in the world. After rice is harvested in a rice cropping area in southern areas of China, a large number of idle winter fields are in an idle state, and the method is particularly suitable for developing potato production, so that the potato seeding area is rapidly enlarged in recent years. The potatoes have strict requirements on nutrients, the correlation between the overground stem and leaf parts and the underground potato block parts exists in the growth process, the overground stem and leaf parts are the basis for forming the yield, if the overground stem and leaf parts grow insufficiently, the underground potato blocks cannot obtain sufficient nutrients, and if the overground stem and leaf parts grow excessively, the underground potato blocks compete for the nutrients.
Therefore, during the potato planting process, reasonable fertilization must be carried out at different growth stages according to different nutrient requirements of the potato and the potato at different growth stages, so as to obtain better economic benefit, and strict requirements are provided for fertilization technology. In addition, the current potato production generally adopts mulching film mulching cultivation, and water is supplied by adopting a drip irrigation mode, which plays a positive role in improving the ground temperature, promoting the coming to the market, reducing the harm of weeds, improving the yield and the like, but because the mulching film brings difficulty to the later-stage additional fertilization, producers generally apply the fertilizer once before mulching, and do not need the additional fertilization afterwards, thereby easily causing the problems of too much nutrients in the early stage and insufficient nutrients in the later stage in the growth process of the potatoes, and further influencing the yield of the potatoes. Therefore, a special controlled-release fertilizer suitable for the potato film mulching drip irrigation condition in the south is needed to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a drip irrigation controlled-release fertilizer for southern potatoes and a preparation method thereof, which solve the problems that in the prior art, a cultivation mode of mulching and drip irrigation is adopted for potato production, a producer generally applies the fertilizer once before mulching, and does not need additional fertilizer afterwards, so that the later-stage additional fertilizer is difficult, too much nutrients exist in the early stage and insufficient nutrients exist in the later stage in the growth process, and the yield of potatoes is further influenced.
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a southern potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of inner-layer fertilizer and 3-5 parts of outer-layer controlled-release material;
the inner layer fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of organic fertilizer, 20-30 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 10-20 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 1-5 parts of algin and 1-3 parts of polyglutamic acid;
the outer layer controlled release material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of modified turf, 10-15 parts of chitosan modified bentonite, 0.5-1 part of water-retaining agent, 1-2 parts of acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution, 1-2 parts of lipase and 50-80 parts of water.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25-40 parts of crop straw powder, 5-10 parts of mushroom bran, 5-10 parts of agriophyllum squarrosum powder, 5-10 parts of kelp residue, 5-10 parts of livestock and poultry manure and 2-3 parts of EM microbial inoculum.
Preferably, the effective viable count of the EM microbial inoculum is more than or equal to 109Per gram.
Preferably, the water-retaining agent is one of acrylic acid-acrylamide copolymer, carboxymethylated cellulose or isolated soy protein.
Preferably, the pH value of the acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution is 5.5, and the concentration is 1 mol/L.
Preferably, the enzyme activity of the lipase is 10000U/g.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer for the southern potatoes, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparation of inner layer fertilizer
Step 1.1, weighing 25-40 parts of crop straws, 5-10 parts of mushroom bran, 5-10 parts of agriophyllum squarrosum powder, 5-10 parts of kelp residues, 5-10 parts of livestock and poultry manure and 2-3 parts of EM microbial inoculum for later use;
step 1.2, mixing the crop straws, the mushroom bran, the agriophyllum squarrosum powder, the kelp residues and the livestock and poultry manure weighed in the step 1.1 to obtain a mixture, adding water into the mixture to keep the water content in the mixture at 45-55%, then adding the EM microbial inoculum weighed in the step 1.1, fermenting for 10-12 days at 50-60 ℃, drying a fermentation product until the water content is less than or equal to 10% after the fermentation is finished, then crushing, and sieving by a 40-mesh sieve to obtain the organic fertilizer;
step 1.3, weighing 20-30 parts of the organic fertilizer prepared in the step 1.2, 20-30 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 10-20 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 1-5 parts of algin and 1-3 parts of polyglutamic acid for later use;
step 1.4, uniformly mixing the raw materials weighed in the step 1.3, and then granulating to obtain the inner-layer fertilizer;
step 2, preparation of outer layer controlled release material
Step 2.1, weighing 20-30 parts of modified turf, 10-15 parts of chitosan modified bentonite, 0.5-1 part of water-retaining agent, 1-2 parts of acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution, 1-2 parts of lipase and 50-80 parts of water according to parts by weight for later use;
step 2.2, mixing and crushing the modified grass carbon weighed in the step 2.1 and the chitosan modified bentonite, and then sieving the mixture through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain raw material powder;
step 2.3, adding the water-retaining agent weighed in the step 2.1 into the water weighed in the step 2.1, standing for 1-2h, and then stirring at the speed of 800r/min for 30-60min to obtain glue solution;
step 2.4, adding the raw material powder obtained in the step 2.2 into the glue solution obtained in the step 2.3, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 5-15min to obtain a viscous suspension, adding the acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution weighed in the step 2.1 and lipase into the viscous suspension, uniformly mixing, activating at 40-60 ℃ for 1-2h, and obtaining the outer layer controlled-release material after activation;
step 3, preparing the controlled release fertilizer for the southern potato by drip irrigation
Pouring the inner-layer fertilizer prepared in the step 1.4 into a heating drying rotary drum, rolling and preheating to 70-80 ℃, setting the rotary speed of the rotary drum to be 50-60r/min, simultaneously conveying the outer-layer controlled release material prepared in the step 2.4 to a two-fluid nozzle in a pressure bearing mode, atomizing the outer-layer controlled release material, spraying the atomized outer-layer controlled release material onto fertilizer particles in the rotary drum, heating and curing the inner temperature of the rotary drum to 80-100 ℃ after spraying is finished, and curing for 5-10min to obtain the southern potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer.
Preferably, the inner layer fertilizer prepared in the step 1.4 is a granular fertilizer with the grain size of 2-3 mm.
Preferably, the preparation method of the modified turf comprises the following steps:
mixing and stirring 1 part of nano cellulose whisker, 2 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 50 parts of water for 15min according to the parts by weight, then sending the mixture into an ultrasonic cell crusher to disperse for 5min, wherein the ultrasonic power is 150W, then carrying out spray drying, and then adding 50 parts of water to carry out ultrasonic dispersion for 30min to obtain a pretreatment solution;
5 parts of sodium hydroxide and 60 parts of water are uniformly stirred at 0 ℃, then 4 parts of cellulose are added and stirred until the cellulose is completely swelled, a homogenizer is adopted to disperse until the system is clear and transparent, then 20 parts of grass peat and 1 part of calcium carbonate are uniformly dispersed, 0.5 part of hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 1mol/L is added dropwise to react completely, then 5 parts of the pretreatment liquid is continuously added and stirred for 10min, and after stirring, filtration, washing and vacuum drying are carried out, thus obtaining the modified grass peat.
Preferably, the preparation method of the chitosan modified bentonite comprises the following steps:
dissolving 5 parts of chitosan by using 100 parts of acetic acid aqueous solution with volume fraction of 5%, obtaining a chitosan solution after the dissolution is finished, mixing the chitosan solution and 60 parts of bentonite, blending into uniform paste, placing the paste in a microwave oven with power of 700W for heating and drying, and obtaining the chitosan modified bentonite after the drying is finished.
According to the potato drip irrigation controlled-release fertilizer, the inner-layer fertilizer consists of the organic fertilizer, the ammonium polyphosphate, the urea, the biochemical potassium fulvate, the algin and the polyglutamic acid, namely the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer are comprehensively utilized to promote the growth of potatoes, so that the problems that nutrients in the fertilizer cannot be effectively absorbed and utilized by crops due to the fact that the inorganic fertilizer is singly applied, and chemical substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like are easily solidified by soil to form various chemical salts to be accumulated in the soil, so that the structural disorder of soil nutrients and the deterioration of physical properties are caused are solved, and the problem that the supply of nutrient elements required by plant growth is insufficient due to the fact that the organic fertilizer is singly applied is also avoided.
The soil in south is relatively lack of nitrogen elements, so a large amount of ammonium polyphosphate and urea are added to supplement a nitrogen source, and meanwhile, the ammonium polyphosphate and the biochemical potassium fulvate can provide nutrient elements such as phosphorus, potassium and the like required by the growth of potatoes, especially the biochemical potassium fulvate, and besides high-content fulvic acid, the potato cultivation fertilizer is also rich in almost all amino acids, various enzymes, saccharides (oligosaccharides, fructose and the like), proteins, nucleic acids, humic acid, vitamin C, vitamin E, a large amount of B vitamins and other nutrient components required by the growth of potatoes. The algin can cooperate with the agriophyllum squarrosum to keep the pH value of the soil stable, and can promote the division of plant cells and the growth of potato roots and stems; the polyglutamic acid can enrich nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements to supply to plants, improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, improve the yield and quality of potatoes, promote the development of potato root systems and increase the surface area of the root systems. In addition, the polyglutamic acid also has the performance of both acid and alkali, and can effectively balance the acid-base value of soil.
The organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing and fermenting crop straws, mushroom bran, agriophyllum squarrosum grass powder, kelp residues and livestock and poultry manure, wherein the crop straws, the mushroom bran, the agriophyllum squarrosum grass powder, the kelp residues and the livestock and poultry manure are rich in various nutrients and also contain various trace elements, and after fermentation, the organic fertilizer can provide sufficient nutrients for microorganisms in soil and can also accumulate the nutrients required by plant growth; in addition, the southern soil generally has a low pH value, and the agriophyllum squarrosum is alkaline after fermentation, so that the overall acidity of the soil can be reduced, the soil environment can be improved, and the pH value of the soil can be improved.
In the potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer, the outer layer controlled release material mainly comprises modified turf, chitosan modified bentonite and a water-retaining agent, wherein chitosan molecules can be well inserted into a layer chain structure of the bentonite after the bentonite is modified by chitosan, so that the formation of micropores in the bentonite is facilitated, and the binding capacity between the bentonite and the inner layer fertilizer can be improved. The internal microporous structure of the grass carbon is increased to a certain degree after modification, so that the outer controlled-release material consisting of the modified grass carbon and the chitosan modified bentonite contains rich microporous structures, and a certain amount of water-retaining agents are filled in the microporous structures, and can generate viscosity after meeting water, all raw materials are combined together in the process of preparing the outer controlled-release material, meanwhile, the water-retaining agents can absorb water which is hundreds times of the self weight, after drip irrigation, the water-retaining agents can absorb a large amount of water seeped into soil, and slowly transmit the absorbed water into inner-layer fertilizer particles, the inner-layer fertilizer particles are melted after meeting water, and then gradually seep into the soil from the pores of the outer controlled-release material, so that nutrition is provided for the growth of potatoes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the southern potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer provided by the invention has a good controlled release effect, and after the fertilizer is applied, the fertilizer special for potatoes is gradually released, so that the long-acting release of the fertilizer is ensured, and the requirement of the potatoes on the fertilizer in the whole growth period is met.
2) With the prolonged decomposition and release time of the potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer, the utilization rate of fertilizer nutrients is improved, so that the purposes of prolonging the effective period of the fertilizer and promoting agricultural production increase are achieved, the growth requirement of potatoes can be met only by applying the potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer once, the total application amount of the fertilizer is reduced, the production increase is obvious, and the yield is increased by more than 23% on average compared with potatoes applying conventional fertilizers.
3) The potato drip irrigation controlled-release fertilizer has a water retention function, can effectively inhibit water evaporation, and reduces the permeation and loss of soil moisture, so that the water holding capacity of farmland plough layer soil is increased, the water utilization efficiency is improved, the yield of potatoes is increased, and the fertilizer is saved.
4) The potato drip irrigation controlled-release fertilizer is safe, environment-friendly, nontoxic, tasteless and free of pollution to plants, soil and underground water.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood and enable those skilled in the art to practice the present invention, the following embodiments are further described, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
The EM microbial inoculum used in the invention is a commercial product, and the experimental methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A southern potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of inner-layer fertilizer and 5 parts of outer-layer controlled-release material;
the inner layer fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of organic fertilizer, 30 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 10 parts of urea, 10 parts of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 1 part of algin and 3 parts of polyglutamic acid;
the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of crop straw powder, 5 parts of mushroom bran, 5 parts of agriophyllum squarrosum powder, 10 parts of kelp residue, 10 parts of livestock and poultry manure and 2 multiplied by 10 effective viable bacteria92 parts of EM microbial inoculum per gram;
the outer layer controlled release material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of modified turf, 15 parts of chitosan modified bentonite, 0.5 part of soybean protein isolate, 2 parts of acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution with the pH value of 5.5 and the concentration of 1mol/L, 1 part of lipase with the enzyme activity of 10000U/g and 50 parts of water.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparation of inner layer fertilizer
Step 1.1, weighing 25 parts of crop straw powder, 5 parts of mushroom bran, 5 parts of agriophyllum squarrosum powder, 10 parts of kelp residue, 10 parts of livestock and poultry manure and 2 parts of EM microbial inoculum according to parts by weight for later use;
step 1.2, mixing the crop straws, the mushroom bran, the agriophyllum squarrosum powder, the kelp residues and the livestock and poultry manure weighed in the step 1.1 to obtain a mixture, adding water into the mixture to keep the water content in the mixture at 45%, then adding the EM microbial inoculum weighed in the step 1.1, fermenting for 10 days at 50 ℃, drying a fermentation product after the fermentation is finished until the water content is 6%, then crushing, and sieving by a 40-mesh sieve to obtain the organic fertilizer;
step 1.3, weighing 20 parts of the organic fertilizer prepared in the step 1.2, 30 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 10 parts of urea, 10 parts of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 1 part of algin and 3 parts of polyglutamic acid according to parts by weight for later use;
step 1.4, uniformly mixing the raw materials weighed in the step 1.3, and placing the mixture in a granulator to prepare a granulated fertilizer with the particle size of 2mm, wherein the granulated fertilizer is an inner layer fertilizer;
step 2, preparation of outer layer controlled release material
Step 2.1, weighing 20 parts of modified turf, 15 parts of chitosan modified bentonite, 0.5 part of soy protein isolate, 2 parts of acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution with the pH value of 5.5, 1 part of lipase and 50 parts of water according to parts by weight for later use;
step 2.2, mixing and crushing the modified grass carbon weighed in the step 2.1 and the chitosan modified bentonite, and then sieving the mixture through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain raw material powder;
step 2.3, adding the water-retaining agent weighed in the step 2.1 into the water weighed in the step 2.1, standing for 1h, and then stirring at the speed of 800r/min for 30min to obtain glue solution;
step 2.4, adding the raw material powder obtained in the step 2.2 into the glue solution obtained in the step 2.3, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 5min to obtain a viscous suspension, adding the acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution weighed in the step 2.1 and lipase into the viscous suspension, uniformly mixing, activating at 40 ℃ for 2h, and obtaining an outer layer controlled-release material after activation;
step 3, preparing the controlled release fertilizer for the southern potato by drip irrigation
Pouring the inner-layer fertilizer prepared in the step 1.4 into a heating drying rotary drum, rolling and preheating to 70 ℃, setting the rotary speed of the rotary drum to be 50r/min, simultaneously conveying the outer-layer controlled release material prepared in the step 2.4 to a two-fluid nozzle in a pressure bearing mode, atomizing the outer-layer controlled release material, spraying the atomized outer-layer controlled release material onto fertilizer particles in the rotary drum, heating and curing the inner temperature of the rotary drum to 80 ℃ after spraying is finished, and curing for 10min to obtain the southern potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer.
Example 2
A southern potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of inner-layer fertilizer and 4 parts of outer-layer controlled-release material;
the inner layer fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of organic fertilizer, 25 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 15 parts of urea, 15 parts of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 3 parts of algin and 2 parts of polyglutamic acid;
the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of crop straw powder, 8 parts of mushroom bran, 8 parts of agriophyllum squarrosum powder, 6 parts of kelp residue, 6 parts of livestock and poultry manure and 5 multiplied by 10 effective viable bacteria92.5 parts of EM microbial inoculum per gram;
the outer layer controlled release material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of modified turf, 12 parts of chitosan modified bentonite, 0.8 part of carboxymethylated cellulose, 1.5 parts of acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution with the pH value of 5.5 and the concentration of 1mol/L, 1.5 parts of lipase with the enzyme activity of 10000U/g and 60 parts of water.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparation of inner layer fertilizer
Step 1.1, weighing 35 parts of crop straw powder, 8 parts of mushroom bran, 8 parts of agriophyllum squarrosum powder, 6 parts of kelp residue, 6 parts of livestock and poultry manure and 2.5 parts of EM microbial inoculum according to parts by weight for later use;
step 1.2, mixing the crop straws, the mushroom bran, the agriophyllum squarrosum powder, the kelp residues and the livestock and poultry manure weighed in the step 1.1 to obtain a mixture, adding water into the mixture to keep the water content in the mixture at 50%, then adding the EM microbial inoculum weighed in the step 1.1, fermenting for 11 days at 55 ℃, drying a fermentation product after the fermentation is finished until the water content is 5%, then crushing, and sieving by a 40-mesh sieve to obtain the organic fertilizer;
step 1.3, weighing 25 parts of the organic fertilizer prepared in the step 1.2, 25 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 15 parts of urea, 15 parts of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 3 parts of algin and 2 parts of polyglutamic acid according to parts by weight for later use;
step 1.4, uniformly mixing the raw materials weighed in the step 1.3, and placing the mixture in a granulator to prepare a granular fertilizer with the particle size of 2.5mm, wherein the granular fertilizer is an inner layer fertilizer;
step 2, preparation of outer layer controlled release material
Step 2.1, weighing 25 parts of modified turf, 12 parts of chitosan modified bentonite, 0.8 part of carboxymethylated cellulose, 1.5 parts of acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution with the pH value of 5.5, 1.5 parts of lipase and 60 parts of water according to parts by weight for later use;
step 2.2, mixing and crushing the modified grass carbon weighed in the step 2.1 and the chitosan modified bentonite, and then sieving the mixture through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain raw material powder;
step 2.3, adding the water-retaining agent weighed in the step 2.1 into the water weighed in the step 2.1, standing for 1.5h, and then stirring at the speed of 800r/min for 40min to obtain glue solution;
step 2.4, adding the raw material powder obtained in the step 2.2 into the glue solution obtained in the step 2.3, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 10min to obtain a viscous suspension, adding the acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution weighed in the step 2.1 and lipase into the viscous suspension, uniformly mixing, activating at 50 ℃ for 1.5h, and obtaining an outer layer controlled release material after activation;
step 3, preparing the controlled release fertilizer for the southern potato by drip irrigation
Pouring the inner-layer fertilizer prepared in the step 1.4 into a heating drying rotary drum, rolling and preheating to 75 ℃, setting the rotating speed of the rotary drum to be 55r/min, simultaneously conveying the outer-layer controlled release material prepared in the step 2.4 to a two-fluid nozzle in a pressure bearing mode, atomizing the outer-layer controlled release material, spraying the atomized outer-layer controlled release material onto fertilizer particles in the rotary drum, heating and curing the inner temperature of the rotary drum to 90 ℃ after spraying, and curing for 8min to obtain the southern potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer.
Example 3
A southern potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of inner-layer fertilizer and 3 parts of outer-layer controlled-release material;
the inner layer fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of organic fertilizer, 20 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 20 parts of urea, 20 parts of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 5 parts of algin and 1 part of polyglutamic acid;
the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of crop straw powder, 10 parts of mushroom bran, 10 parts of agriophyllum squarrosum powder, 5 parts of kelp residue, 5 parts of livestock and poultry manure and 1 multiplied by 10 effective viable bacteria93 parts of EM microbial inoculum per gram;
the outer layer controlled release material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of modified grass carbon, 10 parts of chitosan modified bentonite, 1 part of acrylic acid-acrylamide copolymer, 1 part of acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution with the pH value of 5.5 and the concentration of 1mol/L, 2 parts of lipase with the enzyme activity of 10000U/g and 80 parts of water.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparation of inner layer fertilizer
Step 1.1, weighing 40 parts of crop straw powder, 10 parts of mushroom bran, 10 parts of agriophyllum squarrosum powder, 5 parts of kelp residue, 5 parts of livestock and poultry manure and 3 parts of EM microbial inoculum according to parts by weight for later use;
step 1.2, mixing the crop straws, the mushroom bran, the agriophyllum squarrosum powder, the kelp residues and the livestock and poultry manure weighed in the step 1.1 to obtain a mixture, adding water into the mixture to keep the water content in the mixture to be 55%, then adding the EM microbial inoculum weighed in the step 1.1, fermenting for 12 days at 60 ℃, drying a fermentation product after the fermentation is finished until the water content is 3%, then crushing, and sieving by a 40-mesh sieve to obtain the organic fertilizer;
step 1.3, weighing 30 parts of the organic fertilizer prepared in the step 1.2, 20 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 20 parts of urea, 20 parts of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 5 parts of algin and 1 part of polyglutamic acid according to parts by weight for later use;
step 1.4, uniformly mixing the raw materials weighed in the step 1.3, and placing the mixture in a granulator to prepare granular fertilizer with the particle size of 3mm, wherein the granular fertilizer is the inner-layer fertilizer;
step 2, preparation of outer layer controlled release material
Step 2.1, weighing 30 parts of modified turf, 10 parts of chitosan modified bentonite, 1 part of acrylic acid-acrylamide copolymer, 1 part of acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution with the pH value of 5.5, 2 parts of lipase and 80 parts of water according to parts by weight for later use;
step 2.2, mixing and crushing the modified grass carbon weighed in the step 2.1 and the chitosan modified bentonite, and then sieving the mixture through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain raw material powder;
step 2.3, adding the water-retaining agent weighed in the step 2.1 into the water weighed in the step 2.1, standing for 2 hours, and then stirring at the speed of 800r/min for 60min to obtain glue solution;
step 2.4, adding the raw material powder obtained in the step 2.2 into the glue solution obtained in the step 2.3, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 15min to obtain a viscous suspension, adding the acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution weighed in the step 2.1 and lipase into the viscous suspension, uniformly mixing, activating at 60 ℃ for 1h, and obtaining an outer layer controlled-release material after activation;
step 3, preparing the controlled release fertilizer for the southern potato by drip irrigation
Pouring the inner-layer fertilizer prepared in the step 1.4 into a heating drying rotary drum, rolling and preheating to 80 ℃, setting the rotating speed of the rotary drum to be 60r/min, simultaneously conveying the outer-layer controlled release material prepared in the step 2.4 to a two-fluid nozzle in a pressure bearing mode, atomizing the outer-layer controlled release material, spraying the atomized outer-layer controlled release material onto fertilizer particles in the rotary drum, heating and curing the inner temperature of the rotary drum to 100 ℃ after spraying is finished, and curing for 5min to obtain the southern potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer.
The preparation method of the modified turf comprises the following steps:
mixing and stirring 1 part of nano cellulose whisker, 2 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 50 parts of water for 15min according to the parts by weight, then sending the mixture into an ultrasonic cell crusher to disperse for 5min, wherein the ultrasonic power is 150W, then carrying out spray drying, and then adding 50 parts of water to carry out ultrasonic dispersion for 30min to obtain a pretreatment solution;
5 parts of sodium hydroxide and 60 parts of water are uniformly stirred at 0 ℃, then 4 parts of cellulose are added and stirred until the cellulose is completely swelled, a homogenizer is adopted to disperse until the system is clear and transparent, then 20 parts of grass peat and 1 part of calcium carbonate are uniformly dispersed, 0.5 part of hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 1mol/L is added dropwise to react completely, then 5 parts of the pretreatment liquid is continuously added and stirred for 10min, and after stirring, filtration, washing and vacuum drying are carried out, thus obtaining the modified grass peat.
Further, the preparation method of the chitosan modified bentonite comprises the following steps:
dissolving 5 parts of chitosan by using 100 parts of acetic acid aqueous solution with volume fraction of 5 percent to obtain chitosan solution after the dissolution is finished, mixing the chitosan solution and 60 parts of bentonite to obtain uniform paste, putting the paste into a microwave oven with power of 700W for heating and drying, and obtaining the chitosan modified bentonite after the drying is finished.
In examples 1 to 3, the southern potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer with good effect was prepared, and in order to verify the effect of the potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer, the dissolution effect of the controlled release fertilizer was tested.
In the experiment, the non-coated inner layer fertilizer granules prepared in example 1 were used as comparative example 1, the fertilizer prepared by coating the inner layer fertilizer granules prepared in example 1 with polyethylene was used as comparative example 2, all the above samples were respectively soaked in clean water, and then the dissolution rate was measured at regular intervals, and the specific results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Fertilizer dissolution Effect
As can be seen from the table 1, the non-coated inner layer fertilizer particles in the comparative example 1 are almost completely dissolved at once, which indicates that the slow release effect is not achieved, and the high-concentration fertilizer supply mode can burn the root system of the plant and influence the growth of the potatoes; comparative example 2 inner layer fertilizer granules coated with polyethylene were initially dissolved except for fertilizer granules not coated with the sealing and thereafter almost no longer released fertilizer, so that the potatoes did not receive sufficient fertilizer supply at the stage where fertilizer was most needed during the growth process, thereby affecting the growth of the potatoes; the potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer prepared in the embodiments 1, 2 and 3 has high encapsulation efficiency, the fertilizer is continuously released along with the drip irrigation water entering the soil, the early-stage release speed is high, the later-stage release speed tends to be slow, and the requirements of different growth stages can be met.
In order to further verify the fertilizer effect, potatoes are planted in a film mulching drip irrigation mode in a high-yield demonstration area of mountain village in stone county of Pond county of Anhui province, wherein the area of a test field is about 4000m2The planted potato variety is Kexin No. 4, and the field is equally divided into 1000m in area during the test period2A, B, C, D, wherein the potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer of example 1 was applied to field a, the potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer of example 2 was applied to field B, the potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer of example 3 was applied to field C, and the conventional fertilizer was applied to field D, and the fertilizers were applied to fields A, B, C at a rate of 100 kg/mu each, and the fertilizers were applied to fields D at a rate of 150 kg/mu of compound fertilizer (N: P: K ═ 15: 10: 20), 2 kg/mu of zinc sulfate, 1 kg/mu of manganese sulfate, and 1 kg/mu of boric acid.
Planting the potatoes in 2016 for 18 days in 2 months, harvesting the potatoes in 2016 for 11 days in 6 months, randomly selecting 10 potatoes in each field, and investigating main agronomic characters, potato bearing characteristics, yield and the like of the plants, wherein specific experimental results are shown in tables 2-3.
TABLE 2 Potato yield constitutive factors
As can be seen from Table 2, after the drip irrigation controlled release fertilizers prepared in examples 1-3 were applied, the plant height, the weight of each potato and the weight of the large and medium potatoes were all higher than those of the conventional fertilizers, which shows that the potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizers prepared in examples 1-3 all had good effects.
TABLE 3 Potato yield results
| Item | Yield (kg/mu) | Increase of production (kg/mu) | Yield increase (%) |
| Example 1 | 3286 | 700 | 27.07 |
| Example 2 | 3198 | 812 | 23.66 |
| Example 3 | 3215 | 820 | 24.32 |
| Conventional fertilizer | 2586 | / | / |
As can be seen from table 3, after the drip irrigation controlled release fertilizers prepared in examples 1 to 3 were applied, the yield was improved by more than 23% compared to potatoes to which conventional fertilizers were applied, and thus it can be seen that the application of the drip irrigation controlled release fertilizers of examples 1 to 3 of the present invention had a significant effect on the improvement of the yield of potatoes under the same cultivation conditions, and the effect of increasing the yield was more significant.
It should be noted that when the following claims refer to numerical ranges, it should be understood that both ends of each numerical range and any value between the two ends can be selected, and since the steps and methods used are the same as those in embodiments 1-3, the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described for the purpose of preventing redundancy, but once the basic inventive concept is known, those skilled in the art can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (7)
1. The southern potato drip irrigation controlled-release fertilizer is characterized in that the preparation raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of inner-layer fertilizer and 3-5 parts of outer-layer controlled-release material;
the inner layer fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of organic fertilizer, 20-30 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 10-20 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 1-5 parts of algin and 1-3 parts of polyglutamic acid; the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing and fermenting crop straws, mushroom bran, suaeda salsa powder, kelp residues, livestock and poultry manure and EM microbial inoculum;
the outer layer controlled release material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of modified turf, 10-15 parts of chitosan modified bentonite, 0.5-1 part of water-retaining agent, 1-2 parts of acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution, 1-2 parts of lipase and 50-80 parts of water;
the outer controlled release material contains a microporous structure, the microporous structure is filled with a water-retaining agent, and the inner fertilizer particles are melted when meeting water and then gradually seep out of pores of the outer controlled release material; the water-retaining agent is one of acrylic acid-acrylamide copolymer, carboxymethylated cellulose or isolated soy protein;
the preparation method of the modified turf comprises the following steps:
mixing and stirring 1 part of nano cellulose whisker, 2 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 50 parts of water for 15min according to the parts by weight, then sending the mixture into an ultrasonic cell crusher to disperse for 5min, wherein the ultrasonic power is 150W, then carrying out spray drying, and then adding 50 parts of water to carry out ultrasonic dispersion for 30min to obtain a pretreatment solution;
uniformly stirring 5 parts of sodium hydroxide and 60 parts of water at 0 ℃, then adding 4 parts of cellulose, stirring until the cellulose is completely swelled, dispersing by adopting a homogenizer until the system is clear and transparent, then adding 20 parts of grass peat and 1 part of calcium carbonate, uniformly dispersing, dropwise adding 0.5 part of hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 1mol/L, reacting completely, then continuously adding 5 parts of the pretreatment solution, stirring for 10min, filtering, washing and drying in vacuum after stirring is finished, thus obtaining the modified grass peat;
the preparation method of the chitosan modified bentonite comprises the following steps:
dissolving 5 parts of chitosan by using 100 parts of acetic acid aqueous solution with volume fraction of 5%, obtaining a chitosan solution after the dissolution is finished, mixing the chitosan solution and 60 parts of bentonite, blending into uniform paste, placing the paste in a microwave oven with power of 700W for heating and drying, and obtaining the chitosan modified bentonite after the drying is finished.
2. The southern potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25-40 parts of crop straw powder, 5-10 parts of mushroom bran, 5-10 parts of agriophyllum squarrosum powder, 5-10 parts of kelp residue, 5-10 parts of livestock and poultry manure and 2-3 parts of EM microbial inoculum.
3. The southern potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer of claim 2, wherein the effective viable count of the EM microbial inoculum is more than or equal to 109Per gram.
4. The southern potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution has a pH of 5.5 and a concentration of 1 mol/L.
5. The southern potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the lipase has an enzyme activity of 10000U/g.
6. The method for preparing a southern potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1, preparation of inner layer fertilizer
Step 1.1, weighing 25-40 parts of crop straws, 5-10 parts of mushroom bran, 5-10 parts of agriophyllum squarrosum powder, 5-10 parts of kelp residues, 5-10 parts of livestock and poultry manure and 2-3 parts of EM microbial inoculum for later use;
step 1.2, mixing the crop straws, the mushroom bran, the agriophyllum squarrosum powder, the kelp residues and the livestock and poultry manure weighed in the step 1.1 to obtain a mixture, adding water into the mixture to keep the water content in the mixture at 45-55%, then adding the EM microbial inoculum weighed in the step 1.1, fermenting for 10-12 days at 50-60 ℃, drying a fermentation product until the water content is less than or equal to 10% after the fermentation is finished, then crushing, and sieving by a 40-mesh sieve to obtain the organic fertilizer;
step 1.3, weighing 20-30 parts of the organic fertilizer prepared in the step 1.2, 20-30 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 10-20 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 1-5 parts of algin and 1-3 parts of polyglutamic acid for later use;
step 1.4, uniformly mixing the raw materials weighed in the step 1.3, and then granulating to obtain the inner-layer fertilizer;
step 2, preparation of outer layer controlled release material
Step 2.1, weighing 20-30 parts of modified turf, 10-15 parts of chitosan modified bentonite, 0.5-1 part of water-retaining agent, 1-2 parts of acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution, 1-2 parts of lipase and 50-80 parts of water according to parts by weight for later use;
step 2.2, mixing and crushing the modified grass carbon weighed in the step 2.1 and the chitosan modified bentonite, and then sieving the mixture through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain raw material powder;
step 2.3, adding the water-retaining agent weighed in the step 2.1 into the water weighed in the step 2.1, standing for 1-2h, and then stirring at the speed of 800r/min for 30-60min to obtain glue solution;
step 2.4, adding the raw material powder obtained in the step 2.2 into the glue solution obtained in the step 2.3, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 5-15min to obtain a viscous suspension, adding the acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution weighed in the step 2.1 and lipase into the viscous suspension, uniformly mixing, activating at 40-60 ℃ for 1-2h, and obtaining the outer layer controlled-release material after activation;
step 3, preparing the controlled release fertilizer for the southern potato by drip irrigation
Pouring the inner-layer fertilizer prepared in the step 1.4 into a heating drying rotary drum, rolling and preheating to 70-80 ℃, setting the rotary speed of the rotary drum to be 50-60r/min, simultaneously conveying the outer-layer controlled release material prepared in the step 2.4 to a two-fluid nozzle in a pressure bearing mode, atomizing the outer-layer controlled release material, spraying the atomized outer-layer controlled release material onto fertilizer particles in the rotary drum, heating and curing the inner temperature of the rotary drum to 80-100 ℃ after spraying is finished, and curing for 5-10min to obtain the southern potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer.
7. The method for preparing the southern potato drip irrigation controlled release fertilizer according to claim 6, wherein the inner layer fertilizer prepared in the step 1.4 is a granular fertilizer with a grain size of 2-3 mm.
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| CN108586080A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2018-09-28 | 思南县华丰果蔬专业合作社 | A kind of greening seedling long-acting special organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110452054A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-11-15 | 山东胜伟盐碱地科技有限公司 | A kind of dedicated MULTILAYER COMPOSITE fertiliser granulates of alkaline land improving and preparation method thereof |
| CN111517897A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-08-11 | 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 | Controlled-release bacterial fertilizer special for peanuts and preparation method thereof |
| CN111978123A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-11-24 | 贵州天宝丰原生态农业科技有限公司 | Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for increasing rice yield and preparation method thereof |
| CN113249262A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-13 | 中诚国联（河南）生物科技有限公司 | Compound microbial agent for preventing and treating diseases and application thereof |
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