CN115010538B - Double-component composite microorganism water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Double-component composite microorganism water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of compound microbial fertilizers, and particularly discloses a two-component compound microbial water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the two-component compound microbial water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer is prepared from a component A and a component B; the component A is mainly prepared from the following raw materials: urea, ammonium chloride, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, water, sodium alginate and silicon dioxide; the component B is mainly prepared from the following raw materials: furfural residue, humic acid, livestock manure, plant ash, cotton seed residue, starch residue, bentonite, silicon dioxide, temperature-control phase change material, wormcast, bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis. The compound microorganism water-retaining temperature-controlling slow-release fertilizer has the characteristics of complete nutrition elements, reasonable proportion, high efficiency, strong water-retaining and moisture-retaining property, strong fertilizer-retaining capacity, high yield, high quality, improvement of soil ecological environment, optimization of soil structure and environmental friendliness, and meets market demands.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of compound microbial fertilizers, in particular to a double-component compound microbial water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The Chinese is agricultural large country, and the fertilizer plays an irreplaceable role in the agricultural production of the Chinese. However, the long-term application of chemical fertilizer can cause the defects of fertilizer efficiency reduction, low utilization rate, soil hardening and the like, so that the ecological environment of farmlands, the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the microbial system of the soil are damaged to different degrees, and the quality of agricultural products is affected to a certain extent.
The compound microbial fertilizer is a living microbial product which is formed by compounding specific microorganisms with nutrient substances, can provide, maintain or improve plant nutrition, improve soil structure and is friendly to environment, and has been widely applied to the production of crops. The existing compound microbial fertilizer generally comprises rice hulls, humic acid, livestock manure, straw, bentonite and microorganisms, wherein the microorganisms are bacillus megatherium, bacillus sphaericus, bacillus mucilaginosus, streptomyces aurochromogenes and the like. The compound microbial fertilizer improves soil hardening, increases soil nutrients and improves soil fertilizer efficiency through the vital movement of microorganisms. The water retention of the soil is improved by repeated water absorption and water release of bentonite. The inventor finds that the compound microbial fertilizer is suitable for crop production aiming at the phenomenon of serious water shortage of crops in nineteen-year-old northern China in actual production, has basically comprehensive functions, but has far insufficient water retention and moisture retention, and is urgent to improve the capability of improving the spring drought of crops and enhancing the drought resistance of crops.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to increase the fertilizer efficiency of the compound microorganism water-retaining temperature-controlling slow-release fertilizer and improve the water-retaining moisture-retaining property and the agricultural product yield, the application provides a double-component compound microorganism water-retaining temperature-controlling slow-release fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a two-component composite microbial water-retaining temperature-controlling slow-release fertilizer, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a double-component composite microorganism water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer is prepared from a component A and a component B, wherein the weight ratio of the component A to the component B is (1-5);
the component A is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200-250 parts of urea, 250-300 parts of ammonium chloride, 80-120 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 60-100 parts of potassium chloride, 80-120 parts of water, 5-10 parts of sodium alginate and 100-150 parts of silicon dioxide;
the component B is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of furfural residue, 10-30 parts of humic acid, 30-50 parts of livestock manure, 20-40 parts of plant ash, 20-40 parts of cotton seed residue, 10-30 parts of starch residue, 35-45 parts of bentonite, 35-45 parts of silicon dioxide, 45-55 parts of temperature-controlled phase change material, 10-30 parts of wormcast, 1-10 parts of bacillus subtilis and 1-10 parts of bacillus licheniformis.
The applicant found that the temperature change of the soil influences the absorption of the plant to the nutrient components to a certain extent, and also influences the life activities of microorganisms, so that the fertilizer efficiency of the compound microorganism water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer is influenced.
The composite microorganism water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer improves the water retention and moisture retention by the synergy between the component A and the component B raw materials, and the water retention rate is more than 19 percent; the temperature difference is increased, the temperature difference is more than 7 ℃, the influence of the outside temperature on the soil is reduced, the activity of microorganisms is increased, and the day and night temperature difference is also reduced; at the same time, the yield and quality are improved, and the wheat yield is more than 9100kg/hm 2 Corn yield > 11500kg/hm 2 The content of soluble solids in the wheat is more than 97g/100g.
The compound microorganism water-retaining temperature-controlling slow-release fertilizer has scientific, balanced, comprehensive and reasonable nutrients. At least the following effects are also provided: 1) Improving the utilization rate of organic matters, improving soil nutrients, and enhancing soil fertility, air permeability and water retention. 2) Activating soil, eliminating soil hardening, reducing pesticide residues and promoting soil virtuous circle. 3) Improving soil microbial colony, optimizing soil ecosystem, inhibiting soil-borne diseases, reducing plant diseases and insect pests such as root rot, stem rot, black spot, anthracnose, physiological fruit drop, and the like, and enhancing plant disease resistance and stress resistance. 4) Can provide nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, magnesium and other elements, can also provide various organic matters, humic acid, nucleic acid and amino acid, promote the absorption of plants to nutrient components, improve germination rate and emergence rate, and make plant stems thick, root strong and seedling strong. It also can promote fruit development and premature ripening, increase content of soluble amino acids, sugar, vitamin B, vitamin A, vitamin C, etc., and improve yield and quality of agricultural products.
The compound microorganism water-retaining temperature-control slow-release fertilizer has wide application range, is widely applicable to arid and semiarid regions and hilly lands which cannot be irrigated and irrigated, and is also applicable to the fields of land desertification control, flower culture, seedling transplanting, landscaping, afforestation and the like.
The compound microorganism water-retaining temperature-controlling slow-release fertilizer is prepared from a component A and a component B, wherein urea, ammonium chloride, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and silicon dioxide are mixed in the component A, and then water and sodium alginate are utilized for granulation, so that part of urea, ammonium chloride, monoammonium phosphate and potassium chloride can be adsorbed in the pores of the silicon dioxide, and a protective film is formed by the sodium alginate, thereby achieving an excellent slow-release effect. And the component B is added with furfural residue, humic acid, livestock manure, plant ash, cotton seed residue and starch residue, so that the soil fertility can be effectively increased, a good environment is provided for the propagation of microorganisms, and the soil air permeability is increased. And bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and wormcast are added to provide abundant microorganisms for soil. Bentonite, silicon dioxide and a temperature-control phase change material are added, and the water retention and moisture retention and microbial activity of the soil are improved by utilizing the synergy between the bentonite, the silicon dioxide and the temperature-control phase change material. More importantly, the component A and the component B are prepared respectively, and the component A has a good slow release effect, so that the influence of inorganic salt on microorganisms can be effectively reduced, and the fertilizer efficiency of the compound microorganism water-retaining temperature-controlling slow release fertilizer is improved.
The bentonite can repeatedly absorb and release water, the sodium bentonite can achieve 500% of water absorption, and the calcium bentonite can also achieve 200% of water retention and moisture retention effects. The expansion rate of the sodium bentonite can reach 30 times, and the expansion rate of the calcium bentonite can also reach 12 times. The silicon dioxide also has larger pores and excellent water retention and moisture retention effects. The temperature-controlled phase-change material can change phase when being subjected to temperature change, so that the cold resistance of soil is improved, the temperature change of the soil can be slowed down, the abrupt change of the soil temperature is reduced, the day-night temperature difference can be reduced, an excellent ecological environment is provided for the propagation of microorganisms, and the absorption of plants to nutrient components is facilitated. Meanwhile, the silicon dioxide and the temperature-control phase-change material have higher strength, expansion cannot occur, when bentonite absorbs water and expands, the silicon dioxide and the temperature-control phase-change material play a role in limiting control on the bentonite, and after the bentonite is dehydrated and contracted, a pore channel can be formed in the soil. In the application, the synergistic effect of bentonite, silicon dioxide and a temperature-control phase change material is utilized to enhance the water retention and moisture retention and ventilation effects of soil, so that the plant growth is promoted, and the yield of agricultural products is increased.
The bacillus subtilis is bacillus, can activate nutrients, enrich microorganisms, accelerate mineralization and release of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, improve activities of urease, protease, sucrase and the like, increase soil nutrients, degrade harmful substances such as herbicide and the like, improve soil quality, stimulate the increase of contents of plant indoleacetic acid, gibberellin and the like, promote plant growth, inhibit plant pathogenic bacteria, induce disease resistance potential of plants, increase stress resistance of the plants and reduce occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests. Bacillus licheniformis is a gram-positive thermophilic bacterium, can produce endophytic spores, can enrich microorganisms, can effectively loosen soil, improve soil aggregate structure, increase soil permeability and improve soil quality, and can promote organisms to produce antibacterial active substances and anti-living substances, inhibit growth and reproduction of bacteria and enhance disease resistance of plants. Furthermore, by adding the wormcast, the wormcast is not only a metabolic waste of earthworms, but also has a larger surface area, can provide a good living environment for bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis, increases the activity of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus licheniformis, contains a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, also has microelements such as ferrum, manganese, zinc, copper, magnesium and the like and amino acid, increases the soil fertility, and also has higher water absorption and water retention property and air permeability, eliminates soil hardening and increases the soil quality. In the application, the synergistic effect of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and wormcast is utilized, so that the soil fertility is enhanced, the soil hardening is eliminated, the virtuous circle of the soil is promoted, the ecological balance of the soil is maintained, the plant growth is enhanced, and the disease resistance of the plant is improved.
Optionally, the temperature-controlled phase change material is prepared by the following method:
s1, heating water to 80-90 ℃, adding an emulsifying agent, carrying out heat preservation and stirring treatment for 10-30min, adding normal alkane phase change paraffin, and continuing to carry out heat preservation and stirring treatment for 30-60min to obtain a mixed solution;
s2, heating water to 80-90 ℃, adding a silane coupling agent, carrying out heat preservation and stirring treatment for 10-30min, adding silicon dioxide, continuing to carry out heat preservation and stirring treatment for 1-2h, adding graphene oxide, continuing to carry out heat preservation and stirring treatment for 1-2h, and concentrating to 0.1-0.3 times of the original volume to obtain a mixture;
s3, adding the mixture into the mixed solution at the temperature of 80-90 ℃, carrying out heat preservation and stirring treatment for 4-6 hours, adding polyether amine, continuing heat preservation and stirring treatment for 1-2 hours, cooling, filtering and drying to obtain the temperature-control phase change material.
Optionally, the weight ratio of the silicon dioxide, the graphene oxide, the normal paraffin phase-change paraffin and the polyether amine is (3-5), 0.5-1, 0.5-1.5 and 3-8.
By adopting the technical scheme, the preparation and control of the temperature-controlled phase-change material are convenient, graphene oxide is grafted on silicon dioxide, and then n-alkane phase-change paraffin is loaded on the pores of the silicon dioxide and the graphene oxide. The silicon dioxide and the graphene oxide have the effect of fixing the normal paraffin phase-change paraffin, so that the loss of the normal paraffin phase-change paraffin due to phase change into liquid is reduced, and the use stability and the service life of the temperature-control phase-change material are improved. And the graphene oxide is utilized to enhance the heat transfer efficiency of the normal alkane phase change paraffin, so that the heat conductivity of the temperature-control phase change material is improved. And then grafting polyether amine, and enhancing the bonding strength among the normal alkane phase change paraffin, the silicon dioxide and the graphene oxide by using the polyether amine. According to the temperature-control phase-change material, through the synergistic effect among silicon dioxide, graphene oxide, normal alkane phase-change paraffin and polyether amine, the use effect and stability of the temperature-control phase-change material are improved.
In the step S1, the weight ratio of water, emulsifying agent and normal alkane phase change paraffin is (150-250): 1-3): 0.5-1.5. Preferably, the emulsifier is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
In the step S2, the weight ratio of water, silane coupling agent and silicon dioxide is (150-250) (0.5-1.5) (3-5). Preferably, the silane coupling agent is gamma- (2, 3-glycidoxy) propyl trimethoxysilane.
Optionally, in step S3, the cooling method is as follows: cooling to 60-70deg.C at 3-5deg.C/min, maintaining the temperature, stirring for 10-20min, cooling to 40-50deg.C at 10-15deg.C/min, maintaining the temperature, stirring for 10-20min, and cooling to 10-30deg.C.
By adopting the technical scheme, the normal paraffin phase-change paraffin is convenient to uniformly distribute on the silicon dioxide and the graphene oxide, the uniformity of normal paraffin phase-change paraffin distribution is improved, and the use effect of the temperature-control phase-change material is improved.
Optionally, the graphene oxide is subjected to the following pretreatment before use: adding N-hydroxysuccinimide into water, stirring for 10-30min, adding graphene oxide, continuously stirring for 30-60min, filtering, and drying to obtain pretreated graphene oxide.
Optionally, the weight ratio of the graphene oxide to the N-hydroxysuccinimide is (0.5-1) to (0.3-0.8).
Before the graphene oxide is used, N-hydroxysuccinimide is adopted for activation, so that the surface groups and the group activities of the graphene oxide are increased, the interaction between the graphene oxide and silicon dioxide is enhanced, the interaction between the graphene oxide and polyetheramine is also enhanced, the stability of normal alkane phase-change paraffin in the temperature-control phase-change material is further increased, and the use effect of the temperature-control phase-change material is improved.
Optionally, the raw materials of the component B also comprise 1-5 parts by weight of bacillus brevis, 1-5 parts by weight of trichoderma longibrachiatum, 1-5 parts by weight of streptomyces jingyang, 1-5 parts by weight of streptomyces fradiae, 1-5 parts by weight of bacillus depolymerizes, 1-5 parts by weight of bacillus mucilaginosus and 1-5 parts by weight of rhizobia.
The soil bacillus brevis is bacillus, can enrich soil microorganisms, enhance the utilization rate of organic matters, and also can stimulate plants to produce growth hormone, so that plant roots are developed, the diameter is thick and the leaf is metallocene, and the stress resistance of the plants is effectively enhanced. The trichoderma longibrachiatum can produce antibiotics such as sankusheng, sanku-deMing, gliotoxin, coal Nisin, peptide and the like, can effectively inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, can induce substances such as ferment and the like, and can generate resistance to plant diseases. The streptomyces jingyang is actinomycete, can promote the decomposition and utilization rate of organic matters, can release antibacterial substances, reduce the influence of plant diseases and insect pests on plants, can generate hormones for stimulating plant growth, improve soil aggregate and increase soil quality. Streptomyces fradiae can secrete active substances with gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial actions, effectively repel, block and inhibit invasion of bacteria, secrete growth enzymes, improve immunity, enhance photosynthesis, promote growth of plant root systems and enhance disease resistance. The depolymerized bacillus subtilis is also bacillus, can promote organic matter decomposition, increase soil fertility, activate soil nutrients, degrade pesticide residues and improve plant disease resistance. Bacillus mucilaginosus is commonly known as potassium bacteria, can produce organic acid, capsular polysaccharide, gibberellin, cytokinin, microbial enzyme, bacterial polysaccharide and the like in soil, promote plant nutrition absorption and growth metabolism, and can destroy lattice structure of aluminosilicate and insoluble phosphorus compounds to release soluble phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, zinc, molybdenum, manganese and other elements, thereby effectively increasing soil fertility. The rhizobia can promote plant proliferation, is a gram-negative aerobic bacillus capable of fixing nitrogen in air to provide nutrition for plants, and can enhance soil fertility, optimize soil ecological environment, increase plant disease resistance, promote plant growth, increase agricultural product yield and improve agricultural product quality through synergistic interaction among microorganisms, and enhance the fertilizer efficiency and application range of the compound microorganism water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned two-component composite microorganism water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the double-component composite microorganism water-retaining temperature-controlling slow-release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
SA, adding sodium alginate into water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture a;
SB, uniformly mixing urea, ammonium chloride, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and silicon dioxide, spraying the mixture a, granulating and drying to obtain a component A;
SC, uniformly mixing wormcast, bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis to obtain a mixture b;
SD, uniformly mixing furfural residue, humic acid, livestock manure, plant ash, cotton seed residue, starch residue, bentonite, silicon dioxide and a temperature-controlled phase change material at 25-30 ℃, adding the mixture B, stirring and uniformly mixing, standing for 20-30h, and cooling to 10-20 ℃ to obtain a component B;
and adding the component A into the component B at the temperature of 10-20 ℃ under SE, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the composite microorganism water-retaining temperature-controlling slow-release fertilizer.
By adopting the technical scheme, the preparation and control of the compound microorganism water-retaining temperature-controlling slow-release fertilizer are facilitated. And the component A is prepared in advance to form particles. After the raw materials of the component B are uniformly mixed, standing treatment is carried out, so that microorganisms can be activated and fermented, the use effect of the component B is improved, the component B is free from the component A, and the influence of inorganic salt on the microorganisms is avoided.
Further, in SE, the A component and the B component are mixed within 2 days before use.
Optionally, when the bacillus subtilis is added, 1-5 parts by weight of the bacillus brevis, 1-5 parts by weight of the trichoderma longibrachiatum, 1-5 parts by weight of the streptomyces jingyang, 1-5 parts by weight of the streptomyces fradiae, 1-5 parts by weight of the bacillus depolymerizes, 1-5 parts by weight of the bacillus mucilaginosus and 1-5 parts by weight of the rhizobia are added.
By adopting the technical scheme, the fertilizer efficiency and the application range of the compound microorganism water-retaining temperature-controlling slow-release fertilizer are improved.
In a third aspect, the present application provides an application of the above-mentioned two-component composite microorganism water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the application of the double-component composite microorganism water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer is that the composite microorganism water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer is applicable to corn, sorghum, wheat, cotton, soybean, peanut, sunflower, fruit trees and vegetables.
By adopting the technical scheme, the application of the compound microorganism water-retaining temperature-controlling slow-release fertilizer is facilitated.
Further, the application method of the compound microorganism water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer is one of broadcasting, ditch application and cave application. Preferably, the application method of the compound microorganism water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer is hole application.
The application amount of the compound microorganism water-retaining temperature-controlling slow-release fertilizer is 60-80 kg/mu. Preferably, the application amount of the compound microorganism water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer is 70 kg/mu.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. the double-component composite microorganism water-retaining temperature-controlling slow-release fertilizer has scientific, balanced and comprehensive nutrients, and the wheat yield is more than 9100kg/hm 2 Corn yield > 11500kg/hm 2 The fertilizer has the characteristics of high yield and quality of agricultural products, and has the advantages of high efficiency, strong water and moisture retention, strong fertilizer retention capability and high utilization rate, and meanwhile, the ecological environment of soil can be effectively improved, and the soil structure can be optimized.
2. The preparation method of the temperature-controlled phase-change material is convenient for preparing and controlling the temperature-controlled phase-change material, and by utilizing the synergistic effect among silicon dioxide, graphene oxide, normal paraffin phase-change paraffin and polyetheramine, the loss of normal paraffin phase-change paraffin is reduced, the bonding strength between the normal paraffin phase-change paraffin and the polyetheramine can be increased, and the use effect and stability of the temperature-controlled phase-change material are improved.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Preparation example
Preparation example 1
The temperature-controlled phase change material is prepared by the following method:
s1, heating 200kg of water to 85 ℃. Adding 2kg of emulsifying agent, and stirring for 20min. Adding 1kg of normal paraffin phase-change paraffin, and continuing to perform heat preservation and stirring treatment for 50min to obtain a mixed solution.
Wherein the emulsifier is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate; the normal paraffin phase-change paraffin is paraffin C18 and is selected from Shanghai entropy new energy science and technology.
S2, heating 200kg of water to 85 ℃. 0.8kg of silane coupling agent is added, and the mixture is stirred for 20min under heat preservation. 4kg of silicon dioxide is added, and the heat preservation and stirring treatment are continued for 1.5h. 0.8kg of graphene oxide is added, and the heat preservation and stirring treatment are continued for 1.5h. Concentrating to 0.2 times of the original volume to obtain a mixture.
Wherein, the silicon dioxide and the graphene oxide are selected from Shijia Feng Ming mineral products; the silane coupling agent is gamma- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane.
S3, adding the mixture into the mixed solution at the temperature of 85 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation and stirring treatment for 5h. 5kg of polyether amine is added, and the heat preservation and stirring treatment are continued for 1.5h. Cooling to 65 ℃ at a speed of 3 ℃/min, and carrying out heat preservation and stirring treatment for 15min. Cooling to 45 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, and carrying out heat preservation and stirring treatment for 15min. Cooling to 25 ℃, filtering and drying to obtain the temperature-controlled phase change material.
Wherein the polyetheramine is polyetheramine D230 and is selected from the chemical industry of Shandong Xincheng.
Preparation example 2
A temperature-controlled phase change material is different from that of preparation example 1 in that step S2 is different.
The step S2 specifically comprises the following steps: 200kg of water were warmed to 85 ℃. 0.8kg of silane coupling agent is added, and the mixture is stirred for 20min under heat preservation. 4kg of silicon dioxide is added, and the heat preservation and stirring treatment are continued for 1.5h. Concentrating to 0.2 times of the original volume to obtain a mixture.
Preparation example 3
A temperature-controlled phase change material is different from that of preparation example 1 in that step S3 is different.
The step S3 specifically comprises the following steps: at the temperature of 85 ℃, adding the mixture into the mixed solution, and carrying out heat preservation and stirring treatment for 5h. Cooling to 65 ℃ at a speed of 3 ℃/min, and carrying out heat preservation and stirring treatment for 15min. Cooling to 45 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, and carrying out heat preservation and stirring treatment for 15min. Cooling to 25 ℃, filtering and drying to obtain the temperature-controlled phase change material.
Preparation example 4
A temperature-controlled phase change material is different from that of preparation example 1 in that step S3 is different.
The step S3 specifically comprises the following steps: at the temperature of 85 ℃, adding the mixture into the mixed solution, and carrying out heat preservation and stirring treatment for 5h. 5kg of polyether amine is added, and the heat preservation and stirring treatment are continued for 1.5h. Cooling to 25 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, filtering and drying to obtain the temperature-controlled phase-change material.
Preparation example 5
A temperature-controlled phase change material is different from the preparation example 1 in that graphene oxide is pretreated before use.
The pretreatment of the graphene oxide adopts the following method: to 200kg of water, 0.5kg of N-hydroxysuccinimide was added and the mixture was stirred for 20 minutes. 0.8kg of graphene oxide is added, and stirring treatment is continued for 50min. And filtering and drying to obtain the pretreated graphene oxide.
Examples
Table 1 content of raw materials (Unit: kg) of composite microorganism water-retaining temperature-controlling slow-release fertilizer
Example 1
A double-component composite microorganism water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer is prepared from a component A and a component B, wherein the weight ratio of the component A to the component B is 1:1, and the raw material ratio is shown in table 1.
Wherein the sodium alginate is selected from Jiangsu Aofu biotechnology; the silicon dioxide is selected from the Ming mineral product of Shijia Feng; the furfural residue and plant ash are all selected from sunlight original biological technology; humic acid is selected from JFHA-KHA-1-P of Shandong Jing Feng Fu phytic acid technology; the livestock manure is sheep manure, and the water content of the sheep manure is 5%; the cotton seed residue is cotton seed hull, the starch residue is corn starch, and the cotton seed residue and the starch residue are selected from the subsidiary agricultural products of the green bay of the Shijia; the bentonite is sodium bentonite and is selected from the bentonite of Yinzhen county; the temperature-controlled phase change material is prepared by adopting a preparation example 1.
Wormcast is selected from Shijiuangning beneficial biotechnology; the effective viable bacteria content of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 1.0x10 11 CFU/g, bacillus licheniformisThe effective viable bacteria content of bacillus is more than or equal to 1.0X10 11 CFU/g, and Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis are all selected from the Roche European Baker biotechnology.
A preparation method of a double-component composite microorganism water-retaining temperature-controlling slow-release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
SA, adding sodium alginate into water, heating to 60 ℃, stirring for 60min, and cooling to 25 ℃ to obtain a mixture a.
SB, mixing urea, ammonium chloride, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and silicon dioxide, and stirring for 60min. And then spraying the mixture a for 30min under continuous rolling, and continuing rolling for 60min after the spraying is finished, so as to form particles and drying to obtain the component A.
SC, wormcast, bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis are stirred for 60min to obtain a mixture b.
SD, under the temperature of 28 ℃, furfural residue, humic acid, livestock manure, plant ash, cotton seed residue, starch residue, bentonite, silicon dioxide and temperature-control phase change material are stirred for 60min. Adding the mixture B, stirring for 60min, standing for 24h, and cooling to 15 ℃ to obtain the component B.
And adding the component A into the component B at 15 ℃ under SE (SE), stirring for 60min to obtain the compound microorganism water-retaining temperature-controlling slow-release fertilizer, and mixing the component A and the component B on the 2 nd day before use.
Examples 2 to 3
The two-component composite microorganism water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer is different from the embodiment 1 in that the raw material proportion of the composite microorganism water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer is different, and the raw material proportion of the composite microorganism water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer is shown in the table 1.
Examples 4 to 7
The two-component composite microorganism water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer is different from the embodiment 1 in that the temperature-control phase-change materials in the raw materials of the composite microorganism water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer are different, and the temperature-control phase-change materials in the embodiments 4-7 are prepared by adopting a preparation example 2, a preparation example 3, a preparation example 4 and a preparation example 5 in sequence.
Example 8
The two-component composite microorganism water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer is different from the embodiment 1 in that the composite microorganism water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer raw material also comprises 2 parts by weight of soil bacillus brevis, 2 parts by weight of trichoderma longibrachiatum, 2 parts by weight of streptomyces jingyang, 2 parts by weight of streptomyces fradiae, 2 parts by weight of bacillus depolymerizus, 2 parts by weight of bacillus mucilaginosus and 2 parts by weight of rhizobia. In the preparation method, when bacillus subtilis is to be added, the bacillus brevis, the trichoderma longibrachiatum, the streptomyces jingyang, the streptomyces fradiae, the bacillus depolymerizes, the bacillus mucilaginosus and the rhizobium are added.
Wherein the effective viable bacteria content of the soil Brevibacillus brevis is more than or equal to 1.0X10 10 CFU/g, the effective viable bacteria content of the trichoderma longibrachiatum is more than or equal to 1.0X10 10 CFU/g, the effective viable bacteria content of the streptomyces jingyangensis is more than or equal to 1.0X10 10 CFU/g, the effective viable bacteria content of the streptomyces fradiae is more than or equal to 1.0X10 10 CFU/g, and soil Brevibacterium, trichoderma longibrachiatum, streptomyces jingyang, and Streptomyces fradiae are all selected from Jiangsu Ruichi biotechnology; the effective viable bacteria content of the depolymerized bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 1.0x10 10 CFU/g, the effective viable bacteria content of bacillus mucilaginosus is more than or equal to 1.0X10 10 CFU/g, rhizobia is radix astragali rhizobia, and effective viable bacteria content of radix astragali rhizobia is not less than 1.0X10 10 CFU/g, and depolymerizing bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus and rhizobium are all selected from Shanghai Sieger biotechnology.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
The two-component composite microbial water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer is different from the embodiment 1 in that the composite microbial water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer is prepared from the raw materials of the composite microbial water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer, and the bentonite is replaced by the equivalent amount of furfural residue in the component B.
Comparative example 2
The two-component composite microbial water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer is different from the embodiment 1 in that the composite microbial water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer is prepared from the raw material, and the component B is prepared by replacing silicon dioxide with equal amount of furfural residues.
Comparative example 3
The two-component composite microbial water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer is different from the embodiment 1 in that the composite microbial water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer is prepared from the raw materials of the two-component composite microbial water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer, and the component B is prepared by replacing the temperature-control phase-change material with the furfural residue with the same amount.
Comparative example 4
The two-component composite microbial water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer is different from the embodiment 1 in that the composite microbial water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer is prepared from the raw materials of the composite microbial water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer, and the components B are prepared by replacing bentonite, silicon dioxide and temperature-control phase-change materials with equal amounts of furfural residues.
Performance test
The compound microorganism water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizers obtained in examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were taken as samples, and the following performance tests were performed on the samples, and the test results are shown in table 2.
The water retention rate adopts the following method: 200g of soil was added to 10g of the sample at 28℃and stirred and mixed uniformly, the water content of the soil being 4%. Then, 1kg of water was added, followed by standing for 10d, and weighing again was performed, which was designated as W. And the water retention rate of the sample was calculated. Meanwhile, a control group and a blank group are made, wherein the control group is used for replacing samples by using the compound microbial fertilizer produced in the rich fertilizer industry in the Shijia city with the same amount, and the blank group is used for replacing samples by using the same amount of soil.
Water retention/% = (W-210)/1000×100%.
The surface temperature difference adopts the following method: 200g of soil was added to 10g of the sample at 28℃and stirred and mixed uniformly to form a mixture, and the water content of the soil was 4%. The mixture was then spread in a beaker to a thickness of 5cm. The beaker was then placed in an environment at a temperature of 10 c for a treatment of 2 hours, after which the temperature inside the mixture was checked. Meanwhile, a control group and a blank group are made, wherein the control group is used for replacing samples by using the compound microbial fertilizer produced in the rich fertilizer industry in the Shijia city with the same amount, and the blank group is used for replacing samples by using the same amount of soil. And the temperature difference is calculated, and the larger the temperature difference is, the smaller the influence of the external temperature on the sample is.
Temperature difference/°c = temperature of mixture-temperature of blank.
And (3) applying a sample to a test field, wherein the application amount of the sample is 70 kg/mu, and then respectively planting wheat and corn. Meanwhile, a control group and a blank group are made, wherein the control group is used for replacing samples by using the compound microbial fertilizer produced in the rich fertilizer industry in the Shijia city with the same amount, and the blank group is used for replacing samples by using the same amount of soil.
TABLE 2 detection results
As can be seen from Table 2, the compound microorganism water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer has higher water retention rate which is 19.8-25.5%. The temperature difference is 7.2-9.8 ℃, which shows that the composite microorganism water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer is less influenced by the external temperature, can slow down the temperature change, reduce the temperature shock influence, and also can reduce the day and night temperature difference, thereby providing excellent ecological environment for the microorganism propagation. At the same time, the wheat and corn yield can be effectively increased, the quality of agricultural products can be improved, and the wheat yield is 9190-9580kg/hm 2 The corn yield is 11780-12280kg/hm 2 The content of soluble solids in wheat is 97.1-98.8g/100g.
Comparing example 1 with comparative examples 1-4, it can be seen that bentonite, silica and temperature-controlled phase change material are added into component B, and the synergistic effect between them is utilized to obviously increase the water retention rate and temperature difference, also improve the wheat yield and corn yield, and the soluble solids content of the wheat, and enhance the fertilizer efficiency of the composite microorganism water retention temperature-controlled slow release fertilizer.
The present embodiment is merely illustrative of the present application and is not intended to be limiting, and those skilled in the art, after having read the present specification, may make modifications to the present embodiment without creative contribution as required, but is protected by patent laws within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A double-component composite microorganism water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer is characterized in that: the composite material is prepared from a component A and a component B, wherein the weight ratio of the component A to the component B is (1-5), and the weight ratio of the component A to the component B is (1-5);
the component A is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200-250 parts of urea, 250-300 parts of ammonium chloride, 80-120 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 60-100 parts of potassium chloride, 80-120 parts of water, 5-10 parts of sodium alginate and 100-150 parts of silicon dioxide; the component B is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of furfural residue, 10-30 parts of humic acid, 30-50 parts of livestock manure, 20-40 parts of plant ash, 20-40 parts of cotton seed residue, 10-30 parts of starch residue, 35-45 parts of bentonite, 35-45 parts of silicon dioxide, 45-55 parts of temperature-controlled phase change material, 10-30 parts of wormcast, 1-10 parts of bacillus subtilis and 1-10 parts of bacillus licheniformis;
the temperature-control phase change material is prepared by the following method:
s1, heating water to 80-90 ℃, adding an emulsifying agent, carrying out heat preservation and stirring treatment for 10-30min, adding normal alkane phase change paraffin, and continuing to carry out heat preservation and stirring treatment for 30-60min to obtain a mixed solution;
s2, heating water to 80-90 ℃, adding a silane coupling agent, carrying out heat preservation and stirring treatment for 10-30min, adding silicon dioxide, continuing to carry out heat preservation and stirring treatment for 1-2h, adding graphene oxide, continuing to carry out heat preservation and stirring treatment for 1-2h, and concentrating to 0.1-0.3 times of the original volume to obtain a mixture;
s3, adding the mixture into the mixed solution at the temperature of 80-90 ℃, carrying out heat preservation and stirring treatment for 4-6 hours, adding polyether amine, continuing to carry out heat preservation and stirring treatment for 1-2 hours, cooling, filtering and drying to obtain the temperature-controlled phase change material;
the weight ratio of the silicon dioxide to the graphene oxide to the normal paraffin phase-change paraffin to the polyetheramine is (3-5), the weight ratio of the silicon dioxide to the graphene oxide to the normal paraffin phase-change paraffin to the polyetheramine is (0.5-1), the weight ratio of the silicon dioxide to the graphene oxide to the normal paraffin phase-change paraffin to the polyetheramine is (0.5-1.5), the weight ratio of the silicon dioxide to the graphene oxide to the normal paraffin phase-change paraffin to the polyetheramine is (3-8), and the normal paraffin phase-change paraffin is paraffin C18;
the graphene oxide is subjected to the following pretreatment before use: adding N-hydroxysuccinimide into water, stirring for 10-30min, adding graphene oxide, continuously stirring for 30-60min, filtering, and drying to obtain pretreated graphene oxide;
the weight ratio of the graphene oxide to the N-hydroxysuccinimide is (0.5-1) to (0.3-0.8).
2. The two-component composite microbial water-retaining temperature-controlling slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S3, the temperature reduction adopts the following method: cooling to 60-70deg.C at 3-5deg.C/min, maintaining the temperature, stirring for 10-20min, cooling to 40-50deg.C at 10-15deg.C/min, maintaining the temperature, stirring for 10-20min, and cooling to 10-30deg.C.
3. The two-component composite microbial water-retaining temperature-controlling slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the raw materials of the component B also comprise 1-5 parts by weight of bacillus brevis, 1-5 parts by weight of trichoderma longibrachiatum, 1-5 parts by weight of streptomyces jingyang, 1-5 parts by weight of streptomyces fradiae, 1-5 parts by weight of bacillus depolymerizes, 1-5 parts by weight of bacillus mucilaginosus and 1-5 parts by weight of rhizobia.
4. A method for preparing a two-component composite microbial water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-3, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
SA, adding sodium alginate into water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture a;
SB, uniformly mixing urea, ammonium chloride, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and silicon dioxide, spraying the mixture a, granulating and drying to obtain a component A;
SC, uniformly mixing wormcast, bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis to obtain a mixture b;
SD, uniformly mixing furfural residue, humic acid, livestock manure, plant ash, cotton seed residue, starch residue, bentonite, silicon dioxide and a temperature-controlled phase change material at 25-30 ℃, adding the mixture B, stirring and uniformly mixing, standing for 20-30h, and cooling to 10-20 ℃ to obtain a component B;
and adding the component A into the component B at the temperature of 10-20 ℃ under SE, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the composite microorganism water-retaining temperature-controlling slow-release fertilizer.
5. The preparation method of the two-component composite microbial water-retention temperature-control slow-release fertilizer according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: when the bacillus subtilis is added, 1-5 parts by weight of the bacillus brevis, 1-5 parts by weight of the trichoderma longibrachiatum, 1-5 parts by weight of the streptomyces jingyang, 1-5 parts by weight of the streptomyces fradiae, 1-5 parts by weight of the bacillus depolymerizes, 1-5 parts by weight of the bacillus mucilaginosus and 1-5 parts by weight of the rhizobia are added.
6. Use of a two-component composite microbial water-retaining temperature-controlling slow-release fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the compound microorganism water-retaining temperature-controlling slow release fertilizer is suitable for corn, sorghum, wheat, cotton, soybean, peanut, sunflower, fruit tree and vegetables.
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| WO2016029527A1 (en) * | 2014-08-30 | 2016-03-03 | 海安南京大学高新技术研究院 | Method for preparing paraffin microcapsule phase-change material modified by graphene oxide |
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| JPH05268839A (en) * | 1992-03-24 | 1993-10-19 | Mitsubishi Cable Ind Ltd | Soil capable of reserving heat and structure for reserving heat of soil |
| WO2016029527A1 (en) * | 2014-08-30 | 2016-03-03 | 海安南京大学高新技术研究院 | Method for preparing paraffin microcapsule phase-change material modified by graphene oxide |
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