CN111499457A - Peat humic acid type functional microbial fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Peat humic acid type functional microbial fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a peat humic acid type functional microbial fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the peat humic acid type functional microbial fertilizer comprises 30-50% of peat humic acid, 5-30% of amino acid, 2-25% of organic material, 5-15% of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 1-5% of manganese sulfate and 1-5% of silicon dioxide which are mixed and then granulated to obtain a carrier of the peat humic acid microbial fertilizer; mixing the bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor, the lactobacillus fermentation liquor and the chlorothiobacillus fermentation liquor to obtain a compound microbial agent, mixing the carrier and the compound microbial agent, and naturally drying to obtain the bacillus subtilis microbial agent. The invention uses peat humic acid as main component to prepare carrier, which improves the loading capacity and activity of functional microorganism, is beneficial to colonizing the functional microorganism in the root system of plant, and simultaneously supplements organic matter for soil, improves the nutrient content of soil, promotes the proliferation of other beneficial microorganism by using metabolite of green sulfur bacteria, improves the functions of phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen dissolving of microorganism in soil, and the secreted physiological active substance can promote the growth of crops and enhance the capability of disease resistance and disease prevention.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of biofertilizers, and particularly relates to a peat humic acid type functional microbial fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The fertilizer plays an important role in agricultural production practice as an important means for realizing high agricultural yield. In recent years, with rapid development of economy, continuous increase of population and reduction of cultivated land area year by year, application of chemical fertilizers has become one of important measures for improving grain yield and dealing with grain safety problems. Although a large amount of fertilizer application can increase the crop yield and improve the nutritive value of agricultural products, the problems of resource waste, environmental pollution and the like are caused, and the sustainable development of agriculture is threatened.
In recent years, microbial fertilizers have attracted attention because of their low cost, safe use, stable yield increase, low non-renewable energy consumption, and environmental friendliness. However, the particularity of the microbial fertilizer directly influences the popularization and application of the microbial fertilizer in agricultural production, such as: the method has the advantages of undefined functional target, poor efficiency stability, laggard production process, no guarantee of product quality, strain quality which does not meet the industrial requirements and the like, and hinders the exertion of the efficacy of the microbial fertilizer.
However, simply applying a microbial agent to soil tends to cause antagonism and competition of indigenous microorganisms against functional microorganisms, thereby reducing microbial activity. And the microorganisms are enriched in the carrier through immobilization, so that the functional microorganisms are helped to form dominant bacteria in the soil, and the effect of the functional microorganisms is better exerted. Therefore, the immobilization of microorganisms is a new hotspot technology in the industrialization of microbial fertilizers. The ideal carrier not only needs wide sources, stable supply and low cost, but also has good adsorption performance, is nontoxic to strains and can provide good growth and reproduction environment for microorganisms. The peat has the characteristics of a large number of micropores arranged in order, large specific surface area and strong adsorbability, is rich in various elements such as nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, manganese and the like, and is an ideal microbial fertilizer carrier in production.
In addition, the efficacy of the peat humic acid fertilizer is proved by scientific research and production practice, and the effect of the peat humic acid fertilizer in the aspects of fertilizing and improving soil, improving the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer, increasing yield and improving quality, enhancing the disease resistance, stress resistance and drought resistance of crops, stimulating the growth of crops, eliminating soil pollution and agricultural product pollution and the like is incomparable with other fertilizers. The peat humic acid fertilizer has wide application and obvious effect in the field of agricultural production. The peat humic acid plays an important role in soil improvement, and can powerfully solve the problems of the transformation and utilization of farmland capacity reduction, barren soil, deserts, saline-alkali soil and the like. The chelating action of humic acid can improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, reduce the using amount of the fertilizer, save the fertilizer feeding cost, increase the income of farmers, eliminate or reduce the pollution of the fertilizer and improve the quality of agricultural products. The humic acid has obvious effects of stimulating the growth of crops and enhancing the stress resistance and disease resistance of the crops, and is incomparable with other fertilizer varieties. The method also has positive effects on the adjustment of fertilizer structure and variety structure and the indirect reduction of energy consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a peat humic acid type functional microbial fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of peat humic acid type functional microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) granulation: mixing 30-50% of peat humic acid, 5-30% of amino acid, 2-25% of organic material, 5-15% of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 1-5% of manganese sulfate and 1-5% of silicon dioxide according to mass fraction, adding the mixture into a granulation dryer, and reacting at 80-250 ℃ for 2-6 hours to obtain a carrier of the peat humic acid microbial fertilizer;
(2) mixing bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor, lactobacillus fermentation liquor and green sulfur bacterium fermentation liquor to obtain a compound microbial agent;
(3) and mixing the carrier with the compound microbial agent to enable the compound microbial agent to be adsorbed in the carrier, and naturally drying to obtain the compound microbial agent.
The peat humic acid in the step (1) is extracted by the following method:
the method comprises the steps of taking peat as a raw material, adding an Fe/Cu/Ni catalyst and hydrogen peroxide, controlling the pH value to be 3-6, reacting at 60 ℃ to obtain oxidized peat, extracting the oxidized peat with ethanol, and dissolving residues with water to obtain the activated peat.
The Fe/Cu/Ni catalyst is prepared by adopting a method in the prior art (CN 105016794A).
The mixing mode in the step (1) is stirring for 2 hours.
The amino acid in the step (1) is one of proline, aspartic acid or glutamic acid.
The organic material in the step (1) is straw or livestock and poultry manure.
The temperature of the reaction in step (1) is preferably 150 ℃.
The reaction time at the temperature in the step (1) is preferably 4 hours.
The bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor, the lactic acid bacteria fermentation liquor or the green sulfur bacteria fermentation liquor in the step (2) is prepared by the following method:
inoculating Bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus or Chlorothionium into liquid culture medium, performing primary culture to obtain seed solution, and adding into liquid culture medium for amplification culture.
The compound microbial agent in the step (2) is a mixture formed by mixing bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor, lactobacillus fermentation liquor and chlorothiobacillus fermentation liquor according to a mass ratio of 2-5: 1, and the preferred mass ratio is 4:3: 1.
Preferably, the formula of the liquid culture medium is 5 g/L of glucose, 5 g/L of beef extract, 10 g/L of peptone and 5 g/L of NaCl, and the solvent is water.
Preferably, the conditions of the primary culture are as follows: the culture is carried out for 24-36 h under the conditions that the temperature is 37 ℃ and the rotating speed is 250 r/min.
Preferably, the condition of the expanded culture is as follows: culturing alone at 37 deg.C and 250r/min for over 36 hr.
The effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis in the bacillus subtilis fermentation liquid in the step (2) is more than or equal to 0.4 hundred million/g, the effective viable count of the lactic acid bacteria in the lactic acid bacteria fermentation liquid is more than or equal to 0.4 hundred million/g, and the effective viable count of the thiobacillus aeruginosa in the thiobacillus aeruginosa fermentation liquid is more than or equal to 0.1 hundred million/g.
The carrier and the compound microbial agent in the step (3) are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1-50: 1, and the preferred mass ratio is 5: 1.
The invention also provides the peat humic acid type functional microbial fertilizer prepared by the method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a preparation method of peat humic acid type functional microbial fertilizer, which has the characteristics of inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer, wherein peat humic acid is used as a main component to prepare a carrier to immobilize microorganisms, improve the load capacity and activity of functional microorganisms, reduce the antagonism and competition of indigenous microorganisms on the functional microorganisms, facilitate the colonization of the functional microorganisms on plant roots, supplement organic matters to soil and improve the content of soil nutrients. Secondly, the invention comprehensively improves the soil from the aspects of phosphate dissolving, potassium dissolving, nitrogen fixing and the like through the metabolic symbiotic relationship of the three microorganisms, promotes the growth of crops, and the green-sulfur bacteria in the invention can utilize light energy as energy, effectively improves the contents of certain organic components, sulfides and ammoniacal nitrogen in the soil, promotes the conversion of harmful pollutants such as pesticides and the like, promotes the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms, and improves the functions of phosphate dissolving, potassium dissolving and nitrogen fixing of the microorganisms in the soil. Simultaneously, the fertilizer can secrete vitamins, coenzyme Q, carotenoids and other physiological active substances, is beneficial to the direct absorption of crops, and enhances the disease resistance and disease prevention capability of the crops.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood from the following examples. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the description of the embodiments is only for illustrating the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention as detailed in the claims.
Example 1:
(1) extracting humic acid from peat: the method comprises the steps of preparing a Fe/Cu/Ni catalyst by adopting a method in the prior art (CN 105016794A), adding the Fe/Cu/Ni catalyst and hydrogen peroxide into peat serving as a raw material, controlling the pH value to be 3-6, reacting at 60 ℃ to obtain oxidized peat, extracting the oxidized peat by using ethanol, and dissolving residues by using water to obtain humic acid for later use.
(2) And (3) granulation: mixing and stirring 40% of the prepared peat humic acid, 25% of aspartic acid, 20% of straw, 5% of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 5% of manganese sulfate and 5% of silicon dioxide for 2 hours, adding the mixture into a granulation dryer, and reacting for 4 hours at 150 ℃ to obtain the carrier of the peat humic acid microbial fertilizer.
(3) The preparation method of the compound microbial agent comprises the steps of uniformly mixing 5g of glucose, 5g of beef extract, 10g of peptone, 5g of NaCl and 1L of distilled water, adjusting the pH value to 7.0, sterilizing to obtain a liquid culture medium, respectively transferring bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus and green sulfur bacteria stored in a slant culture medium to the prepared liquid culture medium, respectively and independently culturing for 36 hours at the temperature of 37 ℃ and the rotating speed of 250r/min, respectively adding the obtained strains to the prepared liquid culture medium again for amplification, and performing amplification culture for 36 hours at the temperature of 37 ℃ and the rotating speed of 250r/min to obtain fermentation liquids, and then mixing the fermentation liquids of the strains according to the mass ratio of 4:3:1 to obtain the compound microbial agent.
(4) And (3) mixing the carrier obtained in the step (2) with the compound microbial agent obtained in the step (3) according to the mass ratio of 5:1, so that the compound microbial agent is adsorbed in the carrier, and naturally drying to obtain the compound microbial agent.
Example 2:
(1) extracting humic acid from peat: humic acid was obtained by the same method as in example 1 and was used.
(2) And (3) granulation: mixing and stirring 35% of the prepared peat humic acid, 25% of proline, 25% of livestock and poultry manure, 8% of nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer, 3% of manganese sulfate and 4% of silicon dioxide for 2 hours, adding the mixture into a granulation dryer, and reacting for 4 hours at 100 ℃ to obtain the carrier of the peat humic acid microbial fertilizer.
(3) The preparation method of the compound microbial agent comprises the steps of uniformly mixing 5g of glucose, 5g of beef extract, 10g of peptone, 5g of NaCl and 1L of distilled water, adjusting the pH value to 7.0, sterilizing to obtain a liquid culture medium, respectively transferring bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus and green sulfur bacteria stored in a slant culture medium to the prepared liquid culture medium, respectively and independently culturing for 36 hours at the temperature of 37 ℃ and the rotating speed of 250r/min, respectively adding the obtained strains to the prepared liquid culture medium again for amplification, and performing amplification culture for 36 hours at the temperature of 37 ℃ and the rotating speed of 250r/min to obtain fermentation liquids, and then mixing the fermentation liquids of the strains according to the mass ratio of 3:3:1 to obtain the compound microbial agent.
(4) And (3) mixing the carrier obtained in the step (2) with the compound microbial agent obtained in the step (3) according to the mass ratio of 20:1, so that the compound microbial agent is adsorbed in the carrier, and naturally drying to obtain the compound microbial agent.
Example 3:
(1) extracting humic acid from peat: humic acid was obtained by the same method as in example 1 and was used.
(2) And (3) granulation: mixing and stirring 30% of the prepared peat humic acid, 20% of glutamic acid, 25% of livestock and poultry manure, 15% of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 4% of manganese sulfate and 6% of silicon dioxide for 2 hours, adding the mixture into a granulation dryer, and reacting for 4 hours at 200 ℃ to obtain the carrier of the peat humic acid microbial fertilizer.
(3) The preparation method of the compound microbial agent comprises the steps of uniformly mixing 5g of glucose, 5g of beef extract, 10g of peptone, 5g of NaCl and 1L of distilled water, adjusting the pH value to 7.0, sterilizing to obtain a liquid culture medium, respectively transferring bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus and green sulfur bacteria stored in a slant culture medium to the prepared liquid culture medium, respectively and independently culturing for 36 hours at the temperature of 37 ℃ and the rotating speed of 250r/min, respectively adding the obtained strains to the prepared liquid culture medium again for amplification, and performing amplification culture for 36 hours at the temperature of 37 ℃ and the rotating speed of 250r/min to obtain fermentation liquids, and then mixing the fermentation liquids of the strains according to the mass ratio of 2:5:1 to obtain the compound microbial agent.
(4) And (3) mixing the carrier obtained in the step (2) with the compound microbial agent obtained in the step (3) according to the mass ratio of 50:1, so that the compound microbial agent is adsorbed in the carrier, and naturally drying to obtain the compound microbial agent.
Example 4:
(1) extracting humic acid from peat: humic acid was obtained by the same method as in example 1 and was used.
(2) And (3) granulation: mixing and stirring 50% of the prepared peat humic acid, 5% of proline, 20% of livestock and poultry manure, 15% of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 5% of manganese sulfate and 5% of silicon dioxide for 2 hours, adding the mixture into a granulation dryer, and reacting for 4 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain the carrier of the peat humic acid microbial fertilizer.
(3) The preparation method of the compound microbial agent comprises the steps of uniformly mixing 5g of glucose, 5g of beef extract, 10g of peptone, 5g of NaCl and 1L of distilled water, adjusting the pH value to 7.0, sterilizing to obtain a liquid culture medium, respectively transferring bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus and green sulfur bacteria stored in a slant culture medium to the prepared liquid culture medium, respectively and independently culturing for 24 hours at the temperature of 37 ℃ and the rotating speed of 250r/min, respectively adding the obtained strains to the prepared liquid culture medium again for amplification, and performing amplification culture for 36 hours at the temperature of 37 ℃ and the rotating speed of 250r/min to obtain fermentation liquids, and then mixing the fermentation liquids of the strains according to the mass ratio of 5:2:1 to obtain the compound microbial agent.
(4) And (3) mixing the carrier obtained in the step (2) with the compound microbial agent obtained in the step (3) according to the mass ratio of 1:1, so that the compound microbial agent is adsorbed in the carrier, and naturally drying to obtain the compound microbial agent.
Example 5:
(1) extracting humic acid from peat: humic acid was obtained by the same method as in example 1 and was used.
(2) And (3) granulation: mixing and stirring 50% of the prepared peat humic acid, 30% of proline, 2% of livestock and poultry manure, 14% of nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer, 1% of manganese sulfate and 3% of silicon dioxide for 2 hours, adding the mixture into a granulation dryer, and reacting for 4 hours at 250 ℃ to obtain the carrier of the peat humic acid microbial fertilizer.
(3) The preparation method of the compound microbial agent comprises the steps of uniformly mixing 5g of glucose, 5g of beef extract, 10g of peptone, 5g of NaCl and 1L of distilled water, adjusting the pH value to 7.0, sterilizing to obtain a liquid culture medium, respectively transferring bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus and green sulfur bacteria stored in a slant culture medium to the prepared liquid culture medium, respectively and independently culturing for 36 hours at the temperature of 37 ℃ and the rotating speed of 250r/min, respectively adding the obtained strains to the prepared liquid culture medium again for amplification, performing amplification culture for 48 hours at the temperature of 37 ℃ and the rotating speed of 250r/min to obtain fermentation liquids, and mixing the fermentation liquids of the strains according to the mass ratio of 4:3:1 to obtain the compound microbial agent.
(4) And (3) mixing the carrier obtained in the step (2) with the compound microbial agent obtained in the step (3) according to the mass ratio of 10:1, so that the compound microbial agent is adsorbed in the carrier, and naturally drying to obtain the compound microbial agent.
Example 6:
(1) extracting humic acid from peat: humic acid was obtained by the same method as in example 1 and was used.
(2) And (3) granulation: mixing and stirring 40% of the prepared peat humic acid, 24% of proline, 15% of livestock and poultry manure, 15% of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 5% of manganese sulfate and 1% of silicon dioxide for 2 hours, adding the mixture into a granulation dryer, and reacting for 4 hours at 150 ℃ to obtain the carrier of the peat humic acid microbial fertilizer.
(3) The preparation method of the compound microbial agent comprises the steps of uniformly mixing 5g of glucose, 5g of beef extract, 10g of peptone, 5g of NaCl and 1L of distilled water, adjusting the pH value to 7.0, sterilizing to obtain a liquid culture medium, respectively transferring bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus and green sulfur bacteria stored in a slant culture medium to the prepared liquid culture medium, respectively and independently culturing for 36 hours at the temperature of 37 ℃ and the rotating speed of 250r/min, respectively adding the obtained strains to the prepared liquid culture medium again for amplification, and performing amplification culture for 36 hours at the temperature of 37 ℃ and the rotating speed of 250r/min to obtain fermentation liquids, and then mixing the fermentation liquids of the strains according to the mass ratio of 4:3:1 to obtain the compound microbial agent.
(4) And (3) mixing the carrier obtained in the step (2) with the compound microbial agent obtained in the step (3) according to the mass ratio of 30:1, so that the compound microbial agent is adsorbed in the carrier, and naturally drying to obtain the compound microbial agent.
Comparative example 1
(1) Extracting humic acid from peat: humic acid was obtained by the same method as in example 1 and was used.
(2) And (3) granulation: mixing and stirring 40% of the prepared peat humic acid, 25% of proline, 20% of livestock and poultry manure, 5% of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 5% of manganese sulfate and 5% of silicon dioxide for 2 hours, adding the mixture into a granulation dryer, and reacting for 4 hours at 150 ℃ to obtain the carrier of the peat humic acid microbial fertilizer.
(3) The preparation of the microbial agent comprises the steps of uniformly mixing 5g of glucose, 5g of beef extract, 10g of peptone, 5g of NaCl and 1L of distilled water, adjusting the pH value to 7.0, sterilizing to obtain a liquid culture medium, transferring the bacillus subtilis preserved in the slant culture medium to the prepared liquid culture medium, respectively culturing for 36h at the temperature of 37 ℃ and the rotating speed of 250r/min, adding the obtained strain into the prepared liquid culture medium again for amplification, and performing amplification culture for 36h at the temperature of 37 ℃ and the rotating speed of 250r/min to obtain the fermentation broth.
(4) And (3) mixing the carrier obtained in the step (2) with the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (3) according to the mass ratio of 5:1, so that the microorganism is adsorbed in the carrier, and naturally drying to obtain the microbial carrier.
Comparative example 2
(1) Extracting humic acid from peat: humic acid was obtained by the same method as in example 1 and was used.
(2) And (3) granulation: mixing and stirring 40% of the prepared peat humic acid, 25% of proline, 20% of livestock and poultry manure, 5% of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 5% of manganese sulfate and 5% of silicon dioxide for 2 hours, adding the mixture into a granulation dryer, and reacting for 4 hours at 150 ℃ to obtain the carrier of the peat humic acid microbial fertilizer.
(3) The preparation of the microbial agent comprises the steps of uniformly mixing 5g of glucose, 5g of beef extract, 10g of peptone, 5g of NaCl and 1L of distilled water, adjusting the pH value to 7.0, sterilizing to obtain a liquid culture medium, transferring the lactobacillus preserved in the slant culture medium to the prepared liquid culture medium, separately culturing for 36h at 37 ℃ and at the rotating speed of 250r/min, adding the obtained strains into the prepared liquid culture medium again for amplification, and performing amplification culture for 36h at 37 ℃ and at the rotating speed of 250r/min to obtain the fermentation broth.
(4) And (3) mixing the carrier obtained in the step (2) with the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (3) according to the mass ratio of 5:1, so that the microorganism is adsorbed in the carrier, and naturally drying to obtain the microbial carrier.
Comparative example 3
(1) Extracting humic acid from peat: humic acid was obtained by the same method as in example 1 and was used.
(2) And (3) granulation: mixing and stirring 40% of the prepared peat humic acid, 25% of proline, 20% of livestock and poultry manure, 5% of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 5% of manganese sulfate and 5% of silicon dioxide for 2 hours, adding the mixture into a granulation dryer, and reacting for 4 hours at 150 ℃ to obtain the carrier of the peat humic acid microbial fertilizer.
(3) The preparation of the microbial agent comprises the steps of uniformly mixing 5g of glucose, 5g of beef extract, 10g of peptone, 5g of NaCl and 1L of distilled water, adjusting the pH value to 7.0, sterilizing to obtain a liquid culture medium, transferring the green sulfur bacteria preserved in the slant culture medium to the prepared liquid culture medium, separately culturing for 36h at 37 ℃ and at the rotating speed of 250r/min, adding the obtained strains into the prepared liquid culture medium again for amplification, and performing amplification culture for 36h at 37 ℃ and at the rotating speed of 250r/min to obtain the fermentation broth.
(4) And (3) mixing the carrier obtained in the step (2) with the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (3) according to the mass ratio of 5:1, so that the microorganism is adsorbed in the carrier, and naturally drying to obtain the microbial carrier.
Example 4: application test and effect determination of the microbial fertilizer:
the microbial fertilizer prepared in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-3 is applied to the soil for planting the pakchoi according to the mass ratio of 70 kilograms to acres, the organic matter content and the quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the soil are measured after 30 days, the yield of the pakchoi is calculated, and the CK group is a control group without the microbial fertilizer. The effect of microbial fertilizer on the character and yield of facility agriculture pakchoi is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of the effect of microbial fertilizers on the characteristics and yield of facility agriculture pakchoi
The results show that compared with the soil of the CK control group, the organic matters of the control group 1-3 which independently uses the bacillus subtilis, the lactic acid bacteria and the green sulfur bacteria are improved to 15.9g/k from 11.3g/kg, the quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are also improved to different degrees, and the fresh weight of the pakchoi is increased from 7.4-11.5% compared with the CK control group. The microbial fertilizer can provide organic matters and some nutrient elements for soil well, and the single microorganism can promote quick-acting absorption of the nutrient elements, while the microbial fertilizer in the embodiment 1 further enables the contents of quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to reach 178.1mg/kg, 123.1mg/kg and 142.1mg/kg respectively which are the highest through the synergistic metabolism of the three microorganisms, thereby being beneficial to plant absorption, so that the fresh weight of the pakchoi is also the highest, and the increase is 32 percent compared with that of a CK control group. According to different technological parameters, the organic matter content and the quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the embodiments 2-6 are different in amplification, and the amplification of the fresh weight of the pakchoi is changed between 24.6% and 27.9%.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of peat humic acid type functional microbial fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) and (3) granulation: mixing 30-50% of peat humic acid, 5-30% of amino acid, 2-25% of organic material, 5-15% of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 1-5% of manganese sulfate and 1-5% of silicon dioxide according to mass fraction, adding the mixture into a granulation dryer, and reacting at 80-250 ℃ and preferably 150 ℃ for 2-6 hours to obtain a carrier of the peat humic acid microbial fertilizer;
(2) mixing bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor, lactobacillus fermentation liquor and green sulfur bacterium fermentation liquor to obtain a compound microbial agent;
(3) and mixing the carrier with the compound microbial agent to enable the compound microbial agent to be adsorbed in the carrier, and naturally drying to obtain the compound microbial agent.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the peat humic acid in the step (1) is extracted by the following method:
the method comprises the steps of taking peat as a raw material, adding an Fe/Cu/Ni catalyst and hydrogen peroxide, controlling the pH value to be 3-6, reacting at 60 ℃ to obtain oxidized peat, extracting the oxidized peat with ethanol, and dissolving residues with water to obtain the activated peat.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the amino acid in step (1) is one of proline, aspartic acid or glutamic acid; the organic material is straw or livestock and poultry manure.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the compound microbial agent in the step (2) is a mixture of bacillus subtilis fermentation broth, lactobacillus fermentation broth and chlorothiobacillus fermentation broth in a mass ratio of 2-5: 1, preferably 4:3: 1.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth, the lactic acid bacterium fermentation broth or the sulfolobus bacteria fermentation broth of step (2) is prepared by:
inoculating Bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus or Chlorothionium into liquid culture medium, performing primary culture to obtain seed solution, and adding into liquid culture medium for amplification culture.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the liquid medium is prepared from glucose 5 g/L, beef extract 5 g/L, peptone 10 g/L, and NaCl5 g/L, and the solvent is water.
7. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the conditions of the preliminary culture are: separately culturing for 24-36 h at 37 ℃ and 250 r/min; the condition of the amplification culture is as follows: culturing alone at 37 deg.C and 250r/min for over 36 hr.
8. The preparation method of claim 1, wherein the number of effective viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis in the Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth in step (2) is not less than 0.4 hundred million/g, the number of effective viable bacteria of lactic acid bacteria in the lactic acid bacteria fermentation broth is not less than 0.4 hundred million/g, and the number of effective viable bacteria of the green sulfur bacteria in the green sulfur bacteria fermentation broth is not less than 0.1 hundred million/g.
9. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the carrier and the compound microbial agent in the step (3) are mixed in a mass ratio of 1-50: 1, preferably 5: 1.
10. The peat humic acid type functional microbial fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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