CN110981638A - Biological organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Biological organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biological organic fertilizer with a saline-alkali soil improvement effect and a preparation process thereof, belonging to the technical field of biological fertilizers. The invention integrates the comprehensive utilization of modern antibacterial active substances and a mixed microbial fermentation technology, and ferments the livestock and poultry manure, the straws, the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials and the seaweed oligosaccharide through the synergistic action of microbes, so as to fully play the synergistic action among the raw materials and develop the high-efficiency and green fermented biological organic fertilizer. The product has obvious effects of improving saline-alkali soil and increasing grain yield of the saline-alkali soil, can promote the release of organic matters in the soil, improve the physical and chemical structure of salinized soil, increase aggregate and permeability of the soil, improve the fertility of the soil and improve the grain yield increasing capability of the saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a biological organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect and a preparation process thereof, in particular to a process for preparing a biological organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect and grain yield increase effect by utilizing various probiotics to synergistically ferment livestock manure, straws, Chinese herbal medicines and other raw materials, and belongs to the technical field of biological fertilizers.
Background
In many countries, soil salinization is considered a major threat to environmental resources and human health, approaching 10 hundred million hectares (hm) worldwide2) And accounts for about 7% of the land area of the earth. According to statistics, the total area of the saline-alkali soil in China reaches 0.991 hundred million hectares (hm)2) The saline-alkali soil is less than that contained in Russia and Australia and occupies about 10 percent of the area of the saline-alkali soil in the world. Soil salinization affecting plant developmentIn almost all respects. The method comprises the following steps: germination, vegetative growth and development and propagation. Soil salinization also enhances ion toxicity to plants, osmotic stress, nutrient (N, Ca, K, P, Fe, Zn) deficiency and oxidative stress and thus limits water uptake from the soil. High salt levels in soil can disturb the nutrient balance in plants or interfere with the uptake of certain nutrients by certain plants, and also affect photosynthesis of crops, ultimately resulting in low agricultural productivity, low economic return and soil erosion.
The existing research proves that the biological organic fertilizer is a fertilizer which is compounded by microorganisms with specific functions and organic materials mainly taking animal and plant residues as carriers and has the effects of microbial fertilizer and organic fertilizer. The biological organic fertilizer can improve soil fertilizer; promoting the release of insoluble mineral nutrition; assist in the absorption of nutrients; enhancing the resistance of plants to pests and diseases; improving and increasing the quality of agricultural products; improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer and the like. The biological organic fertilizer also belongs to a slightly acidic fertilizer, and contains higher organic matters and various inorganic nutrient elements. The bio-organic fertilizer contains a large amount of abundant microorganisms. In the activity of microorganisms, rich organic acid can be generated, and nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in a delayed state in saline-alkali soil can be released, and the salt content in the saline-alkali soil can be reduced by some microorganisms with halophilic effect. Thereby improving the pH value of the soil in the saline-alkali soil. The method plays a positive role in improving saline-alkali soil.
How to reclaim and utilize the salinized soil, enlarge the planting area and increase the income of the nation is one of the important problems in the current agricultural production. At present, national governments and scientific researchers attach importance to the restoration of salinized soil, and actively develop research and reasonable development and utilization in all aspects to make the salinized soil become an effective land resource. The method can improve the soil and promote the development of plants to a certain extent for salinized soil by common irrigation salt washing, deep ploughing for soil dressing, a physical and chemical method, a plant improvement method in agriculture and the like. But the utilization cost is high and secondary pollution is easy to generate. The microbial fertilizer is a novel improved product at present, and can more effectively and comprehensively utilize the salinized soil. Many experts and scholars recognize the improvement effect of microorganisms. It has the advantages of low cost, no secondary pollution, etc. However, the defects of high improvement cost, poor effect and the like still exist in the conventional method for improving the salinized land by applying the microbial fertilizer, and the large-scale popularization and application are not realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a biological organic fertilizer with the saline-alkali soil improvement effect and a preparation process thereof, which can promote the release of organic matters in soil, improve the physicochemical structure of salinized soil, increase soil aggregate and permeability, improve the fertility of the soil and improve the grain yield increasing capability of the saline-alkali soil.
The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a biological organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 40-60 parts of straw, 0-30 parts of Salicornia powder, 5-10 parts of Chinese herbal medicine raw materials and 2-3 parts of algal oligosaccharide, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials comprise 20-30 parts of ginkgo leaf, 6-9 parts of epimedium herb, 10-20 parts of corn stigma and 10-20 parts of cactus.
Preferably, the biological organic fertilizer with the saline-alkali soil improvement effect comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 45 parts of straw, 25 parts of Salicornia powder, 6 parts of Chinese herbal medicine raw materials and 2 parts of algal oligosaccharide, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials comprise 28 parts of ginkgo leaf, 7 parts of epimedium herb, 18 parts of corn stigma and 12 parts of cactus.
Preferably, the livestock and poultry manure can be one or a mixture of more of pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure, chicken manure and duck manure.
Preferably, the straw can be one or a mixture of more of wheat straw, corn straw and rice straw, and is crushed for later use.
Preferably, the seaweed oligosaccharide is one or a mixture of two of brown algae oligosaccharide and enteromorpha oligosaccharide.
Most preferably, the seaweed oligosaccharide is a mixture of brown algae oligosaccharide and enteromorpha oligosaccharide, and the mass ratio of the seaweed oligosaccharide to the enteromorpha oligosaccharide is 3: 2.
Preferably, the molecular weight of the brown algae oligosaccharide is 2000-3000 Da; the molecular weight of the enteromorpha prolifera oligosaccharide is less than 1000 Da.
Preferably, the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials are pretreated by the following steps: crushing the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, adding purified water 5 times of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, adding cellulase 3% of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials by mass, and performing enzymolysis for 30min under the ultrasonic-assisted condition for later use.
Preferably, the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 100-200 kHZ.
The invention provides a biological organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect, which is characterized by being prepared by a mixed bacteria aerobic and anaerobic two-step fermentation process, wherein the aerobic fermentation flora in one step comprises aspergillus, pichia pastoris and bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus; the two-step anaerobic fermentation flora comprises EM microbial inoculum and lactobacillus acidophilus.
The using amount ratio of aspergillus, pichia pastoris and bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus in the aerobic fermentation flora is 1:2: 1; the dosage ratio of the EM microbial inoculum to the lactobacillus acidophilus in the two-step anaerobic fermentation flora is 3: 2.
The Aspergillus is one or mixture of Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger.
The preparation method of the aspergillus seed liquid comprises the following steps: culturing in potato culture medium at 35-40 deg.C for 24 hr under aseptic condition to obtain Aspergillus seed liquid with effective viable count of 10 or more9cfu/mL。
The preparation method of the bacillus psychrolylisinosus seed solution comprises the following steps: under the aseptic condition, LB culture medium is adopted to culture for 24 hours under the condition of 28-32 ℃ to prepare liquid bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus seed liquid, and the effective viable count of the seed liquid is required to be more than or equal to 109cfu/mL。
The pichia pastoris, the EM fungicide and the lactobacillus acidophilus are commercially available bacterial powder.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer for preventing rice diseases, which comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) preparing materials: the raw materials are accurately matched according to the mixture ratio of the raw materials, then 5 percent of bran, 2 percent of cellulase, 0.2 percent of monopotassium phosphate and 0.03 percent of magnesium sulfate in mass ratio of the raw materials are added, the water content of the materials is adjusted to be 40-50 percent, and the dry-wet standard is that water can just drip out when the materials are held by hands;
(2) one-step aerobic fermentation: respectively inoculating the activated aspergillus, pichia pastoris and bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus to a culture medium, wherein the total inoculation amount is 3wt% of the solid culture medium, uniformly stirring, composting, fermenting, and ventilating and culturing for 3 d;
(3) two-step anaerobic fermentation: after the aerobic fermentation in one step is finished, respectively inoculating the EM microbial inoculum and the lactobacillus acidophilus to a culture medium, wherein the total inoculation amount is 2wt% of the solid culture medium, uniformly stirring, performing compost fermentation, and performing anaerobic culture for 2 d;
(4) and (3) drying: sealing for 12 hours after the two-step anaerobic fermentation is finished, and then carrying out low-temperature ventilation drying;
(5) crushing: and crushing the dried materials to obtain the biological organic fertilizer with the saline-alkali soil improvement effect.
The aerobic fermentation ventilation quantity of the one-step process maintains the oxygen content of the pile body to be 12-16%.
The invention provides a biological organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect and a preparation process thereof, wherein the obtained biological organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect has the advantages that the odor is completely disappeared, the texture is soft and is not agglomerated, the product is rich in nutritional ingredients such as probiotics and water-soluble organic nitrogen, the content of organic matters in the product is more than or equal to 60 percent, and the content of microorganisms is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g; the product quality meets the regulation of NY525-2011, the indexes of ascarid egg death rate and colibacillus population meet the requirement of NY884, and the detection limit of the phycotoxin detection amount is (0.1 mug/g). The field test result shows that the product has obvious saline-alkali soil improvement and saline-alkali soil grain yield increase capacity, and is an excellent novel biological organic fertilizer.
The invention provides a biological organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect and a preparation process thereof, and compared with the prior art, the biological organic fertilizer has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) the biological organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting livestock and poultry manure, straws, Salicornia bigelovii powder, Chinese herbal medicine raw materials and algal oligosaccharides through the synergistic action of microorganisms, and the product has obvious effects of improving saline-alkali soil and increasing grain yield of the saline-alkali soil; the experimental result shows that the biological organic fertilizer has great improvement effect on saline-alkali soil structure and soil environment, and has obvious effects of promoting growth and improving grain production on winter wheat;
(2) the Salicornia bigelovii powder, the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials and the algal oligosaccharides are scientifically compounded, the saline-alkali soil improvement and grain yield increase effects of the biological organic fertilizer are remarkably improved through the synergistic effect of the Salicornia bigelovii powder, the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials and the algal oligosaccharides, and the technical effect of '1 +1> 2' is achieved; in addition, the experimental result also shows that the composition and the compatibility proportion of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials have obvious influence on the efficacy of the biological organic fertilizer;
(3) the livestock manure, the straw, the Salicornia Herbacea powder, the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials and the like are comprehensively utilized by jointly fermenting the manure with one-step aerobic flora (aspergillus, pichia pastoris and bacillus psychrololyticus) and two-step anaerobic flora (EM microbial inoculum and lactobacillus acidophilus), the synergistic effect among microbial strains is fully utilized, the defects of large odor, a large amount of pathogenic bacteria, excessive heavy metal and the like existing in the process of restricting the composting utilization are eliminated, the fertilizer efficiency of the fermented biological organic fertilizer is improved, and the fertilizer use value of the fertilizer is remarkably improved. The biological organic fertilizer prepared by the invention is rich in a large amount of probiotics, can effectively adjust the balance of microorganisms in soil, decompose organic or inorganic components such as organic matters, mineral substances and the like in soil, eliminate soil hardening, desertification, salinization and the like caused by depending on chemical fertilizer abuse all year round, effectively improve soil, improve the special effect of stress resistance of crops and improve the crop productivity; particularly, the release of organic matters in soil can be promoted, the physical and chemical structure of salinized soil is improved, soil aggregate and permeability are increased, the fertility of the soil is improved, and the fertilizer has obvious effects on improving saline and alkali and increasing yield of grains;
(4) according to the invention, saline-alkali plant Salicornia Herbacea powder is added into the biological organic fertilizer, and active ingredients with saline-alkali resistant functions such as biological hormones and saponins in the Salicornia Herbacea powder are added into the biological organic fertilizer through the fermentation effect of microorganisms, so that the saline-alkali improving effect of the biological organic fertilizer is remarkably improved. (ii) a
(5) The method adopts solid fermentation, the fermentation process conditions are mild, the energy consumption is low, the production cost of the technical scheme is only 1/2 of the reported technical level at present, and the method plays an important role in promoting the economic benefits of the industry and large-scale popularization and application; and has no environmental pollution, small investment and easy large-scale production.
Detailed Description
The seed liquid of the fermentation strains in the following examples all adopt the following processes:
(1) the preparation method of the aspergillus seed liquid comprises the following steps: culturing in potato culture medium at 35-40 deg.C for 24 hr under aseptic condition to obtain Aspergillus seed liquid with effective viable count of 10 or more9cfu/mL；
(2) The preparation method of the bacillus psychrolylisinosus seed liquid comprises the following steps: under the aseptic condition, LB culture medium is adopted to culture for 24 hours at the temperature of 28-32 ℃ to prepare the bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus seed liquid, and the effective viable count of the seed liquid is required to be more than or equal to 109cfu/mL。
Example 1
A preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) chinese herbal medicine pretreatment: accurately weighing 28 parts of ginkgo leaves, 7 parts of epimedium, 18 parts of corn stigma and 12 parts of cactus, crushing the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, adding purified water 5 times of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, adding cellulase 2.5% of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials by mass, and performing enzymolysis for 30min under the ultrasonic-assisted condition for later use; wherein the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 100-200 kHZ;
(2) preparing materials: according to 100 parts of cow dung, 45 parts of straws, 25 parts of Salicornia powder, 6 parts of Chinese herbal medicine raw materials and 2 parts of algal oligosaccharide, then 5% of bran, 2% of cellulase, 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.03% of magnesium sulfate by mass ratio of the raw materials are added, the water content of the materials is adjusted to be 40% -50%, and the dry and wet standard is that water can just drip out when the materials are held by hands; the seaweed oligosaccharide is a mixture of brown algae oligosaccharide and enteromorpha oligosaccharide, the mass ratio of the seaweed oligosaccharide to the enteromorpha oligosaccharide is 3:2, and the molecular weight of the brown algae oligosaccharide is 2000-3000 Da; the molecular weight of the enteromorpha prolifera oligosaccharide is less than 1000 Da;
(3) one-step aerobic fermentation: respectively inoculating the activated aspergillus niger, pichia pastoris and bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus to a culture medium, wherein the total inoculation amount is 3wt% of the solid culture medium, uniformly stirring, composting, fermenting, and ventilating and culturing for 3 d; the using amount ratio of the aspergillus niger to the pichia pastoris to the bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus is 1:2: 1; the dosage ratio of the EM microbial inoculum to the lactobacillus acidophilus in the two-step anaerobic fermentation flora is 3: 2;
(4) two-step anaerobic fermentation: after the aerobic fermentation in one step is finished, respectively inoculating the EM microbial inoculum and the lactobacillus acidophilus to a culture medium, wherein the total inoculation amount is 2wt% of the solid culture medium, uniformly stirring, performing compost fermentation, and performing anaerobic culture for 2 d; wherein the dosage ratio of the EM microbial inoculum to the lactobacillus acidophilus is 3: 2;
(5) and (3) drying: sealing for 12 hours after the two-step anaerobic fermentation is finished, and then carrying out low-temperature ventilation drying;
(6) crushing: and crushing the dried materials to obtain the biological organic fertilizer with the saline-alkali soil improvement effect.
Example 2
A preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) chinese herbal medicine pretreatment: accurately weighing 28 parts of ginkgo leaves, 7 parts of epimedium, 18 parts of corn stigma and 12 parts of cactus, crushing the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, adding purified water 5 times of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, adding cellulase 2.5% of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials by mass, and performing enzymolysis for 30min under the ultrasonic-assisted condition for later use; wherein the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 100-200 kHZ;
(2) preparing materials: according to 100 parts of cow dung, 45 parts of straws, 25 parts of Salicornia powder, 6 parts of Chinese herbal medicine raw materials and 2 parts of algal oligosaccharide, then 5% of bran, 2% of cellulase, 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.03% of magnesium sulfate by mass ratio of the raw materials are added, the water content of the materials is adjusted to be 40% -50%, and the dry and wet standard is that water can just drip out when the materials are held by hands; the seaweed oligosaccharide is brown algae oligosaccharide, and the molecular weight of the brown algae oligosaccharide is 2000-3000 Da;
(3) one-step aerobic fermentation: respectively inoculating the activated aspergillus niger, pichia pastoris and bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus to a culture medium, wherein the total inoculation amount is 3wt% of the solid culture medium, uniformly stirring, composting, fermenting, and ventilating and culturing for 3 d; the using amount ratio of the aspergillus niger to the pichia pastoris to the bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus is 1:2: 1; the dosage ratio of the EM microbial inoculum to the lactobacillus acidophilus in the two-step anaerobic fermentation flora is 3: 2;
(4) two-step anaerobic fermentation: after the aerobic fermentation in one step is finished, respectively inoculating the EM microbial inoculum and the lactobacillus acidophilus to a culture medium, wherein the total inoculation amount is 2wt% of the solid culture medium, uniformly stirring, performing compost fermentation, and performing anaerobic culture for 2 d; wherein the dosage ratio of the EM microbial inoculum to the lactobacillus acidophilus is 3: 2;
(5) and (3) drying: sealing for 12 hours after the two-step anaerobic fermentation is finished, and then carrying out low-temperature ventilation drying;
(6) crushing: and crushing the dried materials to obtain the biological organic fertilizer with the saline-alkali soil improvement effect.
Example 3
A preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) chinese herbal medicine pretreatment: accurately weighing 28 parts of ginkgo leaves, 7 parts of epimedium, 18 parts of corn stigma and 12 parts of cactus, crushing the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, adding purified water 5 times of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, adding cellulase 2.5% of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials by mass, and performing enzymolysis for 30min under the ultrasonic-assisted condition for later use; wherein the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 100-200 kHZ;
(2) preparing materials: according to 100 parts of cow dung, 45 parts of straws, 25 parts of Salicornia powder, 6 parts of Chinese herbal medicine raw materials and 2 parts of algal oligosaccharide, then 5% of bran, 2% of cellulase, 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.03% of magnesium sulfate by mass ratio of the raw materials are added, the water content of the materials is adjusted to be 40% -50%, and the dry and wet standard is that water can just drip out when the materials are held by hands; the seaweed oligosaccharide is enteromorpha prolifera oligosaccharide, and the molecular weight of the enteromorpha prolifera oligosaccharide is less than 1000 Da;
(3) one-step aerobic fermentation: respectively inoculating the activated aspergillus niger, pichia pastoris and bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus to a culture medium, wherein the total inoculation amount is 3wt% of the solid culture medium, uniformly stirring, composting, fermenting, and ventilating and culturing for 3 d; the using amount ratio of the aspergillus niger to the pichia pastoris to the bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus is 1:2: 1; the dosage ratio of the EM microbial inoculum to the lactobacillus acidophilus in the two-step anaerobic fermentation flora is 3: 2;
(4) two-step anaerobic fermentation: after the aerobic fermentation in one step is finished, respectively inoculating the EM microbial inoculum and the lactobacillus acidophilus to a culture medium, wherein the total inoculation amount is 2wt% of the solid culture medium, uniformly stirring, performing compost fermentation, and performing anaerobic culture for 2 d; wherein the dosage ratio of the EM microbial inoculum to the lactobacillus acidophilus is 3: 2;
(5) and (3) drying: sealing for 12 hours after the two-step anaerobic fermentation is finished, and then carrying out low-temperature ventilation drying;
(6) crushing: and crushing the dried materials to obtain the biological organic fertilizer with the saline-alkali soil improvement effect.
Example 4
A preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) chinese herbal medicine pretreatment: accurately weighing 30 parts of ginkgo leaf, 6 parts of epimedium herb, 20 parts of corn stigma and 10 parts of cactus, crushing the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, adding purified water 5 times of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, adding cellulase 2.5% of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials by mass, and performing enzymolysis for 30min under the ultrasonic-assisted condition for later use; wherein the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 100-200 kHZ;
(2) preparing materials: according to 100 parts of cow dung, 45 parts of straws, 25 parts of Salicornia powder, 6 parts of Chinese herbal medicine raw materials and 2 parts of algal oligosaccharide, then 5% of bran, 2% of cellulase, 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.03% of magnesium sulfate by mass ratio of the raw materials are added, the water content of the materials is adjusted to be 40% -50%, and the dry and wet standard is that water can just drip out when the materials are held by hands; the seaweed oligosaccharide is a mixture of brown algae oligosaccharide and enteromorpha oligosaccharide, the mass ratio of the seaweed oligosaccharide to the enteromorpha oligosaccharide is 3:2, and the molecular weight of the brown algae oligosaccharide is 2000-3000 Da; the molecular weight of the enteromorpha prolifera oligosaccharide is less than 1000 Da;
(3) one-step aerobic fermentation: respectively inoculating the activated aspergillus niger, pichia pastoris and bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus to a culture medium, wherein the total inoculation amount is 3wt% of the solid culture medium, uniformly stirring, composting, fermenting, and ventilating and culturing for 3 d; the using amount ratio of the aspergillus niger to the pichia pastoris to the bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus is 1:2: 1; the dosage ratio of the EM microbial inoculum to the lactobacillus acidophilus in the two-step anaerobic fermentation flora is 3: 2;
(4) two-step anaerobic fermentation: after the aerobic fermentation in one step is finished, respectively inoculating the EM microbial inoculum and the lactobacillus acidophilus to a culture medium, wherein the total inoculation amount is 2wt% of the solid culture medium, uniformly stirring, performing compost fermentation, and performing anaerobic culture for 2 d; wherein the dosage ratio of the EM microbial inoculum to the lactobacillus acidophilus is 3: 2;
(5) and (3) drying: sealing for 12 hours after the two-step anaerobic fermentation is finished, and then carrying out low-temperature ventilation drying;
(6) crushing: and crushing the dried materials to obtain the biological organic fertilizer with the saline-alkali soil improvement effect.
Example 5
A preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) chinese herbal medicine pretreatment: accurately weighing 20 parts of ginkgo leaves, 9 parts of epimedium, 10 parts of corn stigma and 20 parts of cactus, crushing the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, adding purified water 5 times of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, adding cellulase 2.5% of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials by mass, and performing enzymolysis for 30min under the ultrasonic-assisted condition for later use; wherein the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 100-200 kHZ;
(2) preparing materials: according to 100 parts of cow dung, 45 parts of straws, 25 parts of Salicornia powder, 6 parts of Chinese herbal medicine raw materials and 2 parts of algal oligosaccharide, then 5% of bran, 2% of cellulase, 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.03% of magnesium sulfate by mass ratio of the raw materials are added, the water content of the materials is adjusted to be 40% -50%, and the dry and wet standard is that water can just drip out when the materials are held by hands; the seaweed oligosaccharide is a mixture of brown algae oligosaccharide and enteromorpha oligosaccharide, the mass ratio of the seaweed oligosaccharide to the enteromorpha oligosaccharide is 3:2, and the molecular weight of the brown algae oligosaccharide is 2000-3000 Da; the molecular weight of the enteromorpha prolifera oligosaccharide is less than 1000 Da;
(3) one-step aerobic fermentation: respectively inoculating the activated aspergillus niger, pichia pastoris and bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus to a culture medium, wherein the total inoculation amount is 3wt% of the solid culture medium, uniformly stirring, composting, fermenting, and ventilating and culturing for 3 d; the using amount ratio of the aspergillus niger to the pichia pastoris to the bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus is 1:2: 1; the dosage ratio of the EM microbial inoculum to the lactobacillus acidophilus in the two-step anaerobic fermentation flora is 3: 2;
(4) two-step anaerobic fermentation: after the aerobic fermentation in one step is finished, respectively inoculating the EM microbial inoculum and the lactobacillus acidophilus to a culture medium, wherein the total inoculation amount is 2wt% of the solid culture medium, uniformly stirring, performing compost fermentation, and performing anaerobic culture for 2 d; wherein the dosage ratio of the EM microbial inoculum to the lactobacillus acidophilus is 3: 2;
(5) and (3) drying: sealing for 12 hours after the two-step anaerobic fermentation is finished, and then carrying out low-temperature ventilation drying;
(6) crushing: and crushing the dried materials to obtain the biological organic fertilizer with the saline-alkali soil improvement effect.
Example 6
A preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) chinese herbal medicine pretreatment: accurately weighing 28 parts of ginkgo leaves, 7 parts of epimedium, 18 parts of corn stigma and 12 parts of cactus, crushing the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, adding purified water 5 times of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, adding cellulase 2.5% of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials by mass, and performing enzymolysis for 30min under the ultrasonic-assisted condition for later use; wherein the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 100-200 kHZ;
(2) preparing materials: according to 100 parts of cow dung, 45 parts of straws, 6 parts of Chinese herbal medicine raw materials and 2 parts of algal oligosaccharides, wheat bran, 2% of cellulase, 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.03% of magnesium sulfate which are used for adding the raw materials according to the mass ratio are added, the water content of the materials is adjusted to be 40% -50%, and the dry and wet standards are that water can be just dripped when the materials are held by hands; the seaweed oligosaccharide is a mixture of brown algae oligosaccharide and enteromorpha oligosaccharide, the mass ratio of the seaweed oligosaccharide to the enteromorpha oligosaccharide is 3:2, and the molecular weight of the brown algae oligosaccharide is 2000-3000 Da; the molecular weight of the enteromorpha prolifera oligosaccharide is less than 1000 Da;
(3) one-step aerobic fermentation: respectively inoculating the activated aspergillus niger, pichia pastoris and bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus to a culture medium, wherein the total inoculation amount is 3wt% of the solid culture medium, uniformly stirring, composting, fermenting, and ventilating and culturing for 3 d; the using amount ratio of the aspergillus niger to the pichia pastoris to the bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus is 1:2: 1; the dosage ratio of the EM microbial inoculum to the lactobacillus acidophilus in the two-step anaerobic fermentation flora is 3: 2;
(4) two-step anaerobic fermentation: after the aerobic fermentation in one step is finished, respectively inoculating the EM microbial inoculum and the lactobacillus acidophilus to a culture medium, wherein the total inoculation amount is 2wt% of the solid culture medium, uniformly stirring, performing compost fermentation, and performing anaerobic culture for 2 d; wherein the dosage ratio of the EM microbial inoculum to the lactobacillus acidophilus is 3: 2;
(5) and (3) drying: sealing for 12 hours after the two-step anaerobic fermentation is finished, and then carrying out low-temperature ventilation drying;
(6) crushing: and crushing the dried materials to obtain the biological organic fertilizer with the saline-alkali soil improvement effect.
Comparative examples
A preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) chinese herbal medicine pretreatment: accurately weighing 28 parts of ginkgo leaves, 7 parts of epimedium, 18 parts of corn stigma and 12 parts of cactus, crushing the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, adding purified water 5 times of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, adding cellulase 2.5% of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials by mass, and performing enzymolysis for 30min under the ultrasonic-assisted condition for later use; wherein the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 100-200 kHZ;
(2) preparing materials: according to 100 parts of cow dung, 45 parts of straws, 25 parts of Salicornia powder and 6 parts of Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, then adding 5% by mass of bran, 2% of cellulase, 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.03% of magnesium sulfate into the raw materials, adjusting the water content of the materials to be 40% -50%, and preferably adjusting the dry and wet standard to be capable of just dripping water when being held by hands;
(3) one-step aerobic fermentation: respectively inoculating the activated aspergillus niger, pichia pastoris and bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus to a culture medium, wherein the total inoculation amount is 3wt% of the solid culture medium, uniformly stirring, composting, fermenting, and ventilating and culturing for 3 d; the using amount ratio of the aspergillus niger to the pichia pastoris to the bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus is 1:2: 1; the dosage ratio of the EM microbial inoculum to the lactobacillus acidophilus in the two-step anaerobic fermentation flora is 3: 2;
(4) two-step anaerobic fermentation: after the aerobic fermentation in one step is finished, respectively inoculating the EM microbial inoculum and the lactobacillus acidophilus to a culture medium, wherein the total inoculation amount is 2wt% of the solid culture medium, uniformly stirring, performing compost fermentation, and performing anaerobic culture for 2 d; wherein the dosage ratio of the EM microbial inoculum to the lactobacillus acidophilus is 3: 2;
(5) and (3) drying: sealing for 12 hours after the two-step anaerobic fermentation is finished, and then carrying out low-temperature ventilation drying;
(6) crushing: and crushing the dried materials to obtain the biological organic fertilizer with the saline-alkali soil improvement effect.
Example 7 comparison of the Effect of different bioorganic fertilizers on saline-alkali soil improvement and grain yield increase
1. Test method
In the embodiment, the biological organic fertilizer is selected to be subjected to winter wheat field test in Amelanchier county in Binzhou city, and the test method refers to a crop field test method;
the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: applying the biological organic fertilizer according to the standard of 25 kg/mu, wherein 1/3 is used as a base fertilizer, and 2/3 is used as an additional fertilizer; the fertilization methods of all experimental groups are consistent;
2. measurement index
Measuring the change of the salt content of the soil in the sowing period and the harvesting period of the wheat and the yield of the wheat;
3. test results
TABLE 1 Effect of different biological organic fertilizers on saline-alkali soil improvement
The experimental results show that the biological organic fertilizer has remarkable effects on saline-alkali soil improvement and wheat yield increase, and the embodiment 1 is the best embodiment of the invention. By comparing the examples with the comparative examples, the saline-alkali improvement effect of the product can be remarkably reduced by changing the composition or the proportion of the raw materials.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A biological organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 40-60 parts of straw, 0-30 parts of Salicornia powder, 5-10 parts of Chinese herbal medicine raw materials and 2-3 parts of algal oligosaccharide, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials comprise 20-30 parts of ginkgo leaf, 6-9 parts of epimedium herb, 10-20 parts of corn stigma and 10-20 parts of cactus.
2. The biological organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 45 parts of straw, 25 parts of Salicornia powder, 6 parts of Chinese herbal medicine raw materials and 2 parts of algal oligosaccharide, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials comprise 28 parts of ginkgo leaf, 7 parts of epimedium herb, 18 parts of corn stigma and 12 parts of cactus.
3. The biological organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the livestock manure can be one or a mixture of pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure, chicken manure and duck manure.
4. The biological organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the straw can be one or a mixture of more of wheat straw, corn straw and rice straw, and is crushed for later use.
5. The biological organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect according to claim 1, characterized in that the seaweed oligosaccharide is one or a mixture of two of brown algae oligosaccharide and enteromorpha oligosaccharide; the molecular weight of the brown algae oligosaccharide is 2000-3000 Da; the molecular weight of the enteromorpha prolifera oligosaccharide is less than 1000 Da.
6. The biological organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect according to claim 1, characterized in that the seaweed oligosaccharide is a mixture of brown algae oligosaccharide and enteromorpha oligosaccharide, and the mass ratio of the seaweed oligosaccharide to the enteromorpha oligosaccharide is 3: 2.
7. The biological organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect according to claim 1, characterized in that the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials are pretreated by the following steps: crushing the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, adding purified water 5 times of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials, adding cellulase 3% of the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials by mass, and performing enzymolysis for 30min under the ultrasonic-assisted condition for later use.
8. The biological organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the organic fertilizer is prepared by a mixed aerobic and anaerobic two-step fermentation process, wherein the one-step aerobic fermentation flora comprises aspergillus, pichia pastoris and bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus; the two-step anaerobic fermentation flora comprises EM microbial inoculum and lactobacillus acidophilus; the using amount ratio of aspergillus, pichia pastoris and bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus in the aerobic fermentation flora is 1:2: 1; the dosage ratio of the EM microbial inoculum to the lactobacillus acidophilus in the two-step anaerobic fermentation flora is 3: 2; the Aspergillus is one or two of Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger.
9. The biological organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect according to claim 1, characterized in that the biological organic fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: the raw materials are accurately matched according to the mixture ratio of the raw materials, then 5 percent of bran, 2 percent of cellulase, 0.2 percent of monopotassium phosphate and 0.03 percent of magnesium sulfate in mass ratio of the raw materials are added, the water content of the materials is adjusted to be 40-50 percent, and the dry-wet standard is that water can just drip out when the materials are held by hands;
(2) one-step aerobic fermentation: respectively inoculating the activated aspergillus, pichia pastoris and bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus to a culture medium, wherein the total inoculation amount is 3wt% of the solid culture medium, uniformly stirring, composting, fermenting, and ventilating and culturing for 3 d;
(3) two-step anaerobic fermentation: after the aerobic fermentation in one step is finished, respectively inoculating the EM microbial inoculum and the lactobacillus acidophilus to a culture medium, wherein the total inoculation amount is 2wt% of the solid culture medium, uniformly stirring, performing compost fermentation, and performing anaerobic culture for 2 d;
(4) and (3) drying: sealing for 12 hours after the two-step anaerobic fermentation is finished, and then carrying out low-temperature ventilation drying;
(5) crushing: and crushing the dried materials to obtain the biological organic fertilizer with the saline-alkali soil improvement effect.
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