A kind of preparation method of microbial organic fertilizer
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of microbial organic fertilizer, belong to soil improvement composite fertilizer field.
Background technology
Hilly upland topsoil short texture easily loses, and severe water and soil erosion causes that soil moisture and nutrient run off in a large number, leadCause soil fertility degeneration and fertilization effect and reduce, the raising of restriction hillside fields productivity. Most is to change with microorganismGood soil, but the adaptability of the contained large multipair natural environment of bacterial classification of the bio-feritlizer that circulated is on the market poor, to soilThe DeGrain of improvement, the water content that need to increase soil improves the vitality of microorganism. But existing microorganism hasMachine fertilizer is not obvious to the improved effect of soil, is therefore badly in need of the side of a kind of novel water-loss reducer of preparation and the composite fertilizer of microorganismMethod.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide that a kind of can to contribute to the indissoluble substance dissolves in soil be the battalion that can be absorbed by plantsSupport the preparation method of the microbial organic fertilizer of material, be particularly suitable for improving the productivity of hilly upland.
For realizing above object, the preparation method of a kind of microbial organic fertilizer of the present invention, concrete steps are:
1) animal wastes are put into fermentation tank and carry out aerobic compost processing, in fermentation tank, temperature is not less than 55 DEG C, when fermentationBetween be not less than 72h;
2) aerobic compost obtaining is put into and mixed in glassware, soil complex microorganism is sprayed onto to aerobic compost material tableFace, stirs;
3) add nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, secondary and micro-element fertilizers, stir;
4) add water-loss reducer, stir, send in Squeezinggranulator, extruding obtains bar-shaped intermediate;
5) above-mentioned bar-shaped intermediate is carried out to polishing shaping, obtain the spheric granules that diameter is 3-5mm.
The weight portion of wherein said each material is: aerobic compost 60-85 part, soil complex microorganism 16-20 part, water-loss reducer5-15 part, nitrogenous fertilizer 0-10 part, phosphate fertilizer 0-5 part, potash fertilizer 0-15 part, secondary and micro-element fertilizers 0-5 part.
In wherein said soil complex microorganism, contain phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma andFerment bacterium.
Wherein said water-loss reducer is hydroxyethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid potassium or ammonium polyacrylateIn one or more. Be preferably the composition of hydroxyethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylic acid potassium.
Wherein said nitrogenous fertilizer is one or more in urea, ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate.
Wherein said phosphate fertilizer is one or more in MAP, calcium superphosphate or ground phosphate rock.
Wherein said potash fertilizer is one or more in potassium sulfate, potassium chloride or potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Wherein said secondary and micro-element fertilizers is magnesium sulfate, calcium carbonate, ammonium molybdate, boric acid, EDTA-Fe, manganese sulfate, sulphurOne or more in acid copper or zinc sulfate. Be preferably the group of magnesium sulfate, ammonium molybdate, EDTA-Fe, copper sulphate and zinc sulfateCompound.
Preferably, the weight portion of described each material is: aerobic compost 65-75 part, soil complex microorganism 16-20 part, protectsAqua 5-8 part, ammonium sulfate 3-5 part, calcium superphosphate 3-5 part, potassium sulfate 3-5 part, secondary and micro-element fertilizers 1-3 part.
The beneficial effect that the present invention produces is: microbial organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention is applied widely, can be used as mound, mountain regionThe non-irrigated unfertile land crop-planting of Ling Qu, is specially adapted to the plantation of the crops such as sweet potato, peanut, cotton, tomato, also can be used as educatingThe blended feedstock of seedling matrix or additive, for improving the water-retaining property of seedling medium or soilless culture substrate, gas permeability and fertilizer conservationProperty, effectively improve the survival rate of crop in seedling stage.
In microbial organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention, contain the biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion bacterial classifications such as ferment bacterium, bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma, can beCultivate and improve on the basis of soil microenvironment the soil-borne diseases such as effectively preventing root rot, droop.
The prilling that the present invention adopts is extruder grain technique after blending, then adopts again particle polishing shaping technique, wholeDirt produces process substantially need not additional moisture, and without drying course, the method is mummification granulation technique, and energy consumption is little, and efficiency is high,Be suitable for large-scale mass production.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1:
A preparation method for micronic dust organic fertilizer, concrete steps are: the cow dung of extensive cattle farm is put into fermentation tank and enterThe oxygen compost treatment of acting charitably, in fermentation tank, temperature is not less than 55 DEG C, and fermentation time is not less than 72h, and to obtain intensive livestock and poultry cultivation solidBody waste aerobic compost, by above-mentioned aerobic compost product 600kg, puts in blender, then will contain phosphate solubilizing bacteria,The soil complex microorganism preparations 120kg of potassium solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, ferment bacterium, bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma is sprayed ontoOxygen compost material surface, stirs and evenly mixs, and adds 50kg ammonium sulfate simultaneously, 30kg calcium superphosphate, 50kg potassium sulfate, 12kgMagnesium sulfate, 5kgEDTA-Fe, 3kg zinc sulfate, 2kg copper sulphate and 2kg ammonium molybdate, continue to stir and evenly mix, and finally adds35kg polyvinyl alcohol, 30kg hydroxyethylcellulose and 15kg polyacrylic acid potassium, continue to stir and evenly mix, and sends into SqueezinggranulatorIn, directly extruder grain obtains bar-shaped intermediate after extruding, then can to obtain diameter through polishing shaping be 3-5mmSpheric granules, make water-retaining type multifunction soil conditioner.
Embodiment 2:
A preparation method for microbial organic fertilizer, concrete steps are: the cow dung of extensive cattle farm is put into fermentation tank and enterThe oxygen compost treatment of acting charitably, in fermentation tank, temperature is not less than 55 DEG C, and fermentation time is not less than 72h, and to obtain intensive livestock and poultry cultivation solidBody waste aerobic compost, by above-mentioned aerobic compost product 650kg, puts in blender, then will contain phosphate solubilizing bacteria,The soil complex microorganism preparations 200kg of potassium solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, ferment bacterium, bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma is sprayed ontoOxygen compost material surface, stirs and evenly mixs, and adds 30kg ammonium sulfate simultaneously, 30kg calcium superphosphate, 30kg potassium sulfate, 5kgMagnesium sulfate, 2kgEDTA-Fe, 1kg zinc sulfate, 1kg copper sulphate and 1kg ammonium molybdate, continue to stir and evenly mix, and finally adds25kg polyvinyl alcohol, 20kg hydroxyethylcellulose and 5kg polyacrylic acid potassium, continue to stir and evenly mix, and sends into SqueezinggranulatorIn, directly extruder grain obtains bar-shaped intermediate after extruding, then can to obtain diameter through polishing shaping be 3-5mmSpheric granules, make water-retaining type multifunction soil conditioner.
Embodiment 3:
A preparation method for microbial organic fertilizer, concrete steps are: the cow dung of extensive cattle farm is put into fermentation tank and enterThe oxygen compost treatment of acting charitably, in fermentation tank, temperature is not less than 55 DEG C, and fermentation time is not less than 72h, and to obtain intensive livestock and poultry cultivation solidBody waste aerobic compost, by above-mentioned aerobic compost product 750kg, puts in blender, then will contain phosphate solubilizing bacteria,The soil complex microorganism preparations 160kg of potassium solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, ferment bacterium, bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma is sprayed ontoOxygen compost material surface, stirs and evenly mixs, and adds 80kg ammonium sulfate simultaneously, 50kg calcium superphosphate, 100kg potassium sulfate, 15kgMagnesium sulfate, 10kgEDTA-Fe, 5kg zinc sulfate, 5kg copper sulphate and 5kg ammonium molybdate, continue to stir and evenly mix, and finally adds50kg polyvinyl alcohol, 40kg hydroxyethylcellulose and 30kg polyacrylic acid potassium, continue to stir and evenly mix, and sends into SqueezinggranulatorIn, directly extruder grain obtains bar-shaped intermediate after extruding, then can to obtain diameter through polishing shaping be 3-5mmSpheric granules, make water-retaining type multifunction soil conditioner.
Embodiment 4:
A preparation method for microbial organic fertilizer, concrete steps are: the cow dung of extensive cattle farm is put into fermentation tank and enterThe oxygen compost treatment of acting charitably, in fermentation tank, temperature is not less than 55 DEG C, and fermentation time is not less than 72h, and to obtain intensive livestock and poultry cultivation solidBody waste aerobic compost, by above-mentioned aerobic compost product 850kg, puts in blender, then will contain phosphate solubilizing bacteria,The soil complex microorganism preparations 180kg of potassium solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, ferment bacterium, bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma is sprayed ontoOxygen compost material surface, stirs and evenly mixs, and adds 100kg ammonium sulfate simultaneously, 50kg calcium superphosphate, 150kg potassium sulfate, 20kgMagnesium sulfate, 15kgEDTA-Fe, 5kg zinc sulfate, 5kg copper sulphate and 5kg ammonium molybdate, continue to stir and evenly mix, and finally adds80kg polyvinyl alcohol, 50kg hydroxyethylcellulose and 20kg polyacrylic acid potassium, continue to stir and evenly mix, and sends into SqueezinggranulatorIn, directly extruder grain obtains bar-shaped intermediate after extruding, then can to obtain diameter through polishing shaping be 3-5mmSpheric granules, make water-retaining type multifunction soil conditioner.
The microbial organic fertilizer of preparing in the various embodiments described above is cultivated to tomato seedling under identical condition, and setting does not apply fertilizerThe control group of material, obtains following data:
|
Embodiment 1 |
Embodiment 2 |
Embodiment 3 |
Embodiment 4 |
Control group |
The content of organic matter (%) |
48 |
46 |
52 |
38 |
30 |
Full nitrogen (N%) |
1.73 |
1.57 |
1.62 |
1.60 |
1.21 |
Full phosphorus (P205%) |
1.57 |
1.75 |
1.92 |
1.74 |
1.30 |
Full potassium (K20%) |
2.64 |
2.68 |
2.80 |
2.46 |
2.13 |
Full calcium (CaO%) |
2.30 |
2.33 |
2.42 |
2.28 |
1.89 |
Full magnesium (MgO%) |
0.85 |
0.97 |
0.92 |
1.03 |
0.63 |
Water-retaining property (water suction multiple) |
5 |
6 |
8 |
4 |
1 |
Porosity (%) |
76.6 |
78.4 |
79.5 |
78.3 |
65.2 |
Plant shoot survival percent (tomato seedling) |
98% |
99% |
99% |
96% |
64% |
Protection effect (tomato wilt) |
85% |
93% |
93% |
90% |
58% |
Can show that by data in table microbial organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention can be can by the indissoluble substance dissolves in soilThe nutriment being absorbed by plants, effectively improves the nutrient content in soil, improves the water-retaining property of soil, thereby improves seedlingSurvival rate, and microbial organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention can effectively be prevented and treated the soil-borne disease such as root rot, droop.