CN104003804A - Moisture-retaining and nitrogen-fixing compound microbial fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Moisture-retaining and nitrogen-fixing compound microbial fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104003804A CN104003804A CN201410251834.XA CN201410251834A CN104003804A CN 104003804 A CN104003804 A CN 104003804A CN 201410251834 A CN201410251834 A CN 201410251834A CN 104003804 A CN104003804 A CN 104003804A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of biological organic fertilizers, and discloses a moisture-retaining and nitrogen-fixing compound microbial fertilizer. The preparation method of the fertilizer comprises the following steps: (1) preparing fermentation broth; (2) preparing compound organic matter feed liquid; (3) preparing the compound microbial fertilizer. According to the fertilizer, agricultural waste is effectively utilized, a microbial fermentation technology is used, and the soil structure is improved, and loss of nutrition in the using process is controlled, so that the fertilizer efficiency is more durable. The compound microbial fertilizer has the effects of promoting high stable yield of crops, even and strong seedlings and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizers, be specifically related to composite microbiological fertilizer of a kind of holding water and fixing nitrogen and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Development along with agricultural modernization, mass peasants' enthusiasm for production is unprecedentedly surging, for improving the output of agricultural-food, it is endless that to throwing in chemical fertilizer in soil, to improve grain yield be main mode of operation, once make grain and gourd, fruit and vegetable output be able to rapid lifting, meeting people's life requirement.But then, have high input and quantize the fertile disadvantageous effect of chemical fertilizer to the quality of agricultural-food, soil compaction, underground water and ecotope of but having ignored when carrying product.Owing to using chemical fertilizer amount, suddenly increase, and kind simplification (inorganic salt fertilizer is in the majority), organic fertilizer is less, thereby the organic matter in soil is sharply declined, destroyed original soil ecology balance, soil compaction, water and soil pollution, environmental degradation, disruption of ecological balance, agriculture production cost increases and agricultural product quality decline contradiction, thereby has occurred that Higher output is not accompanied by a higher income and the vicious cycle of environmental pollution madness such as (grow) baths of rivers and lakes water.This fertilization mode and modern agricultural development are runed counter to and are speeded, so at present country actively advocates and calls Ji Ge farming unit of agricultural sector to carry out a large amount of application of organic fertilizers and organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, build up fertility when improving soil.Strengthened surveying promoting the use of of native formula fertilizer, thoroughly to solve agriculture high-quality, the bottleneck problem of high yield simultaneously.
The development of China's fertilizer and application history, be to using inorganic fertilizer, to be main phase from farm manure, and because farm manure source of pollution are many, traffic capacity is large, wastes time and energy and effect is not obvious especially in operation; And inorganic fertilizer composition is single, utilization ratio is lower, and tends to cause soil compaction and follow soil erosion polluted source, influence ecological environment.The fertilizer of agricultural use mainly contains (NH in the early time
2)
2cO, (NH
4)
2sO
4, NH
4hCO
3, NH
4cl, (NH
4)
2hPO
4, NH
4h
2pO
4, NH
4nO
3the inorganic composite fertilizer of calcium superphosphate, nitrophosphate fertilizer and Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium etc.For longer crop in vegetative period, manuring late is also crucial.Except base fertilizer, topdress and generally all adopt NH
4hCO
3, NH
4cl, (NH
2)
2cO, NH
4nO
3deng, these all belong to mineral manure, and NH
4hCO
3, NH
4cl, (NH
4)
2sO
4, NH
4nO
3deng all, belong to ammonium fertilizer category, can directly be absorbed by crop, but because its volatilization is fast, utilization ratio is low, plant absorbs and receives and affect the drawbacks such as environment, not only increase production cost, and very easily cause water resource environment to worsen.(NH
2)
2cO belongs to acyl ammonium fertilizer, after contained nitrogen need be ammonium nitrogen through the urine enzyme decomposition and inversion of urea bacterium secretion, can be absorbed by plants, its utilization ratio is generally 30～40%, and it has, and fertilizer efficiency utilization ratio is low, volatile, contaminate environment, precipitation, burning seedling are burnt the drawbacks such as leaf and soil compaction.
In recent years, occurred some Chemical Mixed Fertilizers and biological organic fertilizer, it has improved grain yield, and the raising of fertilizer efficiency time length, and the destructive force of environment is reduced; For example Chinese patent CN102503650 discloses a kind of amino acid chelate fertilizer, this chelating fertilizer is by adding chelating amino acid and trace element, improved fertilizer efficiency, but this technology exists raw materials cost higher, need to add various trace elements and amino acid, general enterprises cannot bear expensive, and causing can not large-scale industrial production.
Biological organic fertilizer is on the basis of traditional organic fertilizer, to inoculate beneficial microorganism and a kind of fertilizer of producing.A large amount of organic matters and beneficial microorganism that biological organic fertilizer is contained, can improve Soil structure, and rehabilitating soil micro-flora suppresses harmful microbe and spreads, and safeguards soil ecology balance.Except containing the necessary macroelement of crop growthing development and trace element, biological organic fertilizer also contains microbial metabolites and a large amount of active beneficial microorganism, can promote plant growth, can strengthen crop resistance again, improve crop yield, improve quality of agricultural product.But biological organic fertilizer relates to the selection of microorganism, and preparation technology is loaded down with trivial details, obtains effect fertilizer good, that cost is low more difficult.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed to the defect of prior art fertilizer production technology, composite microbiological fertilizer of a kind of holding water and fixing nitrogen of proposition and preparation method thereof.The present invention effectively utilizes agricultural waste material, and used microbial fermentation technology, prepare preferably fertilizer of a kind of holding water and fixing nitrogen effect, this fertilizer can improve Soil structure greatly, control the loss in nutrient use procedure, make fertilizer efficiency more lasting, there is higher yield of crops stable yields, the effect such as Miao Qimiao is strong.Preparation method of the present invention has the features such as technical process is short, investment is taken up an area less, energy consumption is low, pollution-free.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A composite microbiological fertilizer for holding water and fixing nitrogen, it is prepared as follows and forms:
1) prepare fermented liquid: wheat stalk is dried, then with pulverizer, be ground into straw powder, put in fermentor tank, toward the water that adds dregs of beans, wheat bran and 100 ℃ in fermentor tank, stir, when being reduced to 30 ℃ subsequently, add composite bacteria liquid, under 100-150 rev/min of agitation condition, ferment 48 hours, obtain fermented liquid; Wherein, the mass ratio of straw powder, dregs of beans, wheat bran, water and mixed bacteria liquid is 10:3:3:50:1; Described composite bacteria liquid is mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1:1 by bacillus megaterium liquid, Bacillus licheniformis liquid, trichoderma harzianum liquid and azotobacter chroococcum liquid, and the concentration of four kinds of bacterium liquid is 5 * 10
7individual/ml;
2) prepare compound organic material liquid:
by the peat composed of rotten mosses, humic acids, zeolite powder and wateraccording to the mass ratio of 2:2:1:10, add in stirred pot, 300-400 rev/min is stirred 30 minutes, then enter retort, heat-up rate with 10 ℃/min is heated to after 100 ℃, insulation reaction 5-10 minute, then be cooled to room temperature, standing 12-24 hour, obtains compound organic material liquid;
3) prepare composite microbiological fertilizer: according to brown coal powder, monoammonium phosphate, Repone K, urea, compound organic material liquid and water mixing and stirring, join in double-screw extruding pelletizing machine, dicing machine is established in tablets press exit, bar shaped fertilizer is cut off, finally spray fermented liquid, stir, it is 1-2%(mass/mass that moisture content is controlled in cryodrying) left and right, pack and get final product;
Wherein, the mass ratio of brown coal powder, monoammonium phosphate, Repone K, urea, compound organic material liquid, water and fermented liquid is 10:5:3:2:1:10:1;
Wherein, the particle diameter of straw powder, the peat composed of rotten mosses, humic acids, zeolite powder and brown coal powder is all controlled between 50-100 order.
The invention also discloses the preparation method of the composite microbiological fertilizer of above-mentioned holding water and fixing nitrogen.
Note, the bacterial classification of using in above-mentioned steps is the conventional bacterial classification of this area, those skilled in the art can obtain its bacterium liquid according to its cellar culture method.Bacterial classification of the present invention all can be bought and obtain from commercial sources such as US mode culture collection warehousings (ATCC).
The beneficial effect that the present invention obtains mainly comprise following some:
The present invention, by the agricultural waste material that effectively utilizes nature to exist, in conjunction with microbial technique, greatly reduces the turnover rate of fertilizer; In fertilizer of the present invention, add the peat composed of rotten mosses, humic acids, zeolite powder etc., supplemented multiple nutriment, fertilizer efficiency is comprehensive lastingly, strengthens crop disease-resistant anti-adversity ability, and has reduced water loss; The present invention adopts microbial fermentation technology, and agricultural waste are carried out to organic decomposition, turns waste into wealth, and has greatly saved the cost of fertiliser production;
The multiple-microorganism that the present invention selects adopts rational proportion, by symbiosis Relationship With Proliferation, has formed a complexity and stable microecosystem, and fixed nitrogen fertilizer conservation, has improved fertilizer efficiency effectively; Preparation method of the present invention possesses the advantages such as flow process is short, investment is taken up an area less, energy consumption is low, environment friendly and pollution-free, is applicable to large-scale industrial production.
Embodiment
To adopt the mode of specific embodiment to carry out detailed description to the present invention below, but should not be construed limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A composite microbiological fertilizer for holding water and fixing nitrogen, it is prepared as follows and forms:
1) prepare fermented liquid: wheat stalk is dried, then with pulverizer, be ground into straw powder, put in fermentor tank, toward the water that adds dregs of beans, wheat bran and 100 ℃ in fermentor tank, stir, when being reduced to 30 ℃ subsequently, add composite bacteria liquid, under 100 revs/min of agitation conditions, ferment 48 hours, obtain fermented liquid; Wherein, the mass ratio of straw powder, dregs of beans, wheat bran, water and mixed bacteria liquid is 10:3:3:50:1; Described composite bacteria liquid is mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1:1 by bacillus megaterium liquid, Bacillus licheniformis liquid, trichoderma harzianum liquid and azotobacter chroococcum liquid, and the concentration of four kinds of bacterium liquid is 5 * 10
7individual/ml;
2) prepare compound organic material liquid: the peat composed of rotten mosses, humic acids, zeolite powder and water are added in stirred pot according to the mass ratio of 2:2:1:10,300 revs/min are stirred 30 minutes, then enter retort, heat-up rate with 10 ℃/min is heated to after 100 ℃, insulation reaction 5 minutes, then be cooled to room temperature, standing 12 hours, obtain compound organic material liquid;
3) prepare composite microbiological fertilizer: according to brown coal powder, monoammonium phosphate, Repone K, urea, compound organic material liquid and water mixing and stirring, join in double-screw extruding pelletizing machine, dicing machine is established in tablets press exit, bar shaped fertilizer is cut off, finally spray fermented liquid, stir, it is 1% that moisture content is controlled in cryodrying, packs and get final product;
Wherein, the mass ratio of brown coal powder, monoammonium phosphate, Repone K, urea, compound organic material liquid, water and fermented liquid is 10:5:3:2:1:10:1;
Wherein, the particle diameter of straw powder, the peat composed of rotten mosses, humic acids, zeolite powder and brown coal powder is all controlled at 50 orders.
Embodiment 2
A composite microbiological fertilizer for holding water and fixing nitrogen, it is prepared as follows and forms:
1) prepare fermented liquid: wheat stalk is dried, then with pulverizer, be ground into straw powder, put in fermentor tank, toward the water that adds dregs of beans, wheat bran and 100 ℃ in fermentor tank, stir, when being reduced to 30 ℃ subsequently, add composite bacteria liquid, under 150 revs/min of agitation conditions, ferment 48 hours, obtain fermented liquid; Wherein, the mass ratio of straw powder, dregs of beans, wheat bran, water and mixed bacteria liquid is 10:3:3:50:1; Described composite bacteria liquid is mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1:1 by bacillus megaterium liquid (ATCC15450), Bacillus licheniformis liquid (ATCC14580), trichoderma harzianum liquid (ATCC20873) and azotobacter chroococcum liquid (ATCC4412), and the concentration of four kinds of bacterium liquid is 5 * 10
7individual/ml;
2) prepare compound organic material liquid: the peat composed of rotten mosses, humic acids, zeolite powder and water are added in stirred pot according to the mass ratio of 2:2:1:10,400 revs/min are stirred 30 minutes, then enter retort, heat-up rate with 10 ℃/min is heated to after 100 ℃, insulation reaction 10 minutes, then be cooled to room temperature, standing 24 hours, obtain compound organic material liquid;
3) prepare composite microbiological fertilizer: according to brown coal powder, monoammonium phosphate, Repone K, urea, compound organic material liquid and water mixing and stirring, join in double-screw extruding pelletizing machine, dicing machine is established in tablets press exit, bar shaped fertilizer is cut off, finally spray fermented liquid, stir, it is 2% that moisture content is controlled in cryodrying, packs and get final product;
Wherein, the mass ratio of brown coal powder, monoammonium phosphate, Repone K, urea, compound organic material liquid, water and fermented liquid is 10:5:3:2:1:10:1;
Wherein, the particle diameter of straw powder, the peat composed of rotten mosses, humic acids, zeolite powder and brown coal powder is all controlled at 100 orders.
Embodiment 3
The manure trial of fertilizer of the present invention:
The impact of the fertilizer of the embodiment of the present invention 1 on Yield of Strawberry and quality.Test kind is Feng Xiang.Test group is used this product 80kg/ mu, and control group is used commercially available composite fertilizer (N20P10K10) 80kg/ mu, all adopts conventional cultivation.Result is as shown in table 1, compares with commercially available composite fertilizer, and the fertilizer of the embodiment of the present invention 1 can improve strawberry sugar degree, improves color and luster, improves output.
Table 1
Embodiment 4
Use fertilizer:
Contrast 1: composite fertilizer: contain 35% urea, 35% monoammonium phosphate, 30% Repone K;
Contrast 2: composite fertilizer: preparation method is with embodiment 2, but do not add fermented liquid;
Contrast 3: composite fertilizer: preparation method is with embodiment 2, but do not add compound organic material liquid;
The fertilizer of experimental group: embodiment 2 preparations.
Experimental technique:
Experimental plot is positioned at test base, Mt．Mountain town, blue Ling County, rice cultivation, and the experimental plot area that four groups of fertilizer is processed is respectively 0.07 hectare, the usage quantity of every group of experimental plot fertilizer is 50kg, planting conditions is identical, gathers in the crops paddy rice simultaneously, measures paddy rice per mu yield and stimulation ratio; Detect paddy rice grain number per spike, thousand seed weight and unfilled gtains number simultaneously.
Experimental result: referring to table 2
Table 2
| Group | Unfilled gtains number (grain/fringe) | Grain number per spike (grain/fringe) | Thousand seed weight (g) | Per mu yield (kg) |
| Contrast one | 7.3 | 53.7 | 18.86 | 398.1 |
| Contrast two | 5.4 | 63.9 | 25.03 | 446.3 |
| Contrast three | 4.9 | 63.4 | 25.72 | 453.8 |
| Experimental group | 3.1 | 70.7 | 31.46 | 502.9 |
By relatively finding, experimental group paddy rice unfilled gtains number, grain number per spike, thousand seed weight and per mu yield are apparently higher than control group two and three, and control group two and control group three are better than control group one.
Although above-mentioned, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in conjunction with the embodiments; but be not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various modifications that creative work can make or distortion still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a composite microbiological fertilizer for holding water and fixing nitrogen, is characterized in that, described fertilizer is prepared as follows and forms:
Step 1) is prepared fermented liquid: wheat stalk is dried, then with pulverizer, be ground into straw powder, put in fermentor tank, toward the water that adds dregs of beans, wheat bran and 100 ℃ in fermentor tank, stir, when being reduced to 30 ℃ subsequently, add composite bacteria liquid, under 100-150 rev/min of agitation condition, ferment 48 hours, obtain fermented liquid; Wherein, the mass ratio of straw powder, dregs of beans, wheat bran, water and mixed bacteria liquid is 10:3:3:50:1;
Step 2) prepare compound organic material liquid: the peat composed of rotten mosses, humic acids, zeolite powder and water are added in stirred pot according to the mass ratio of 2:2:1:10,300-400 rev/min is stirred 30 minutes, then enter retort, heat-up rate with 10 ℃/min is heated to after 100 ℃, insulation reaction 5-10 minute, then be cooled to room temperature, standing 12-24 hour, obtains compound organic material liquid;
Step 3) is prepared composite microbiological fertilizer: according to brown coal powder, monoammonium phosphate, Repone K, urea, compound organic material liquid and water mixing and stirring; join in double-screw extruding pelletizing machine; dicing machine is established in tablets press exit; bar shaped fertilizer is cut off; finally spray fermented liquid; stir, it is 1-2% left and right that moisture content is controlled in cryodrying, packs and get final product.
2. fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described composite bacteria liquid is mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1:1 by bacillus megaterium liquid, Bacillus licheniformis liquid, trichoderma harzianum liquid and azotobacter chroococcum liquid, and the concentration of four kinds of bacterium liquid is 5 * 10
7individual/ml.
3. fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, in described step 3), the mass ratio of brown coal powder, monoammonium phosphate, Repone K, urea, compound organic material liquid, water and fermented liquid is 10:5:3:2:1:10:1.
4. as claim 1-3 lets alone the fertilizer as described in one, it is characterized in that, the particle diameter of described straw powder, the described peat composed of rotten mosses, described humic acids, described zeolite powder and described brown coal powder is all controlled between 50-100 order.
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| CN104151113A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2014-11-19 | 上海大井生物工程有限公司 | Formula of trichoderma harzianum microbial fertilizer for soil remediation and preparation process thereof |
| CN104449744A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-03-25 | 宇星科技发展(深圳)有限公司 | Microbial soil remediation agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN104591928A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-06 | 周一鸿 | Bio-organic fertilizer with soil remediation function |
| CN104591929A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-06 | 周一鸿 | Preparation process or bio-organic fertilizer |
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| CN104694428A (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2015-06-10 | 何颖霞 | Microbial preparation for removing nitrotoluene in soil |
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| CN105993265A (en) * | 2016-05-28 | 2016-10-12 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Water holding and fertilizing method for shallow soil of new reclamation sloping field in river valley of arid region |
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| CN104151113A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2014-11-19 | 上海大井生物工程有限公司 | Formula of trichoderma harzianum microbial fertilizer for soil remediation and preparation process thereof |
| CN104151113B (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-04-13 | 上海大井生物工程有限公司 | A kind of trichoderma harziarum microbe fertilizer formulation of rehabilitating soil and preparation technology thereof |
| CN104449744A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-03-25 | 宇星科技发展(深圳)有限公司 | Microbial soil remediation agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN104591928A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-06 | 周一鸿 | Bio-organic fertilizer with soil remediation function |
| CN104591929A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-06 | 周一鸿 | Preparation process or bio-organic fertilizer |
| CN104694428B (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2018-02-23 | 何颖霞 | A kind of microorganism formulation for being used to remove nitrotoleune in soil |
| CN104694427A (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2015-06-10 | 李丽萍 | Preparation process for microbial preparation for repairing nitrotoluene contaminated soil |
| CN104694428A (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2015-06-10 | 何颖霞 | Microbial preparation for removing nitrotoluene in soil |
| CN104725147A (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2015-06-24 | 新疆阜丰生物科技有限公司 | Process for preparing organic-inorganic compound fertilizer from bio-fermented amino acid wastewater |
| CN104694427B (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2018-04-06 | 青岛楷博晶瑞生物科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation technology for being used to repair the microorganism formulation of nitrotoleune contaminated soil |
| CN104774772A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-07-15 | 乐山师范学院 | Straw decomposing fungicide with fertility increasing effect and application of fungicide |
| CN104774772B (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2019-07-09 | 乐山师范学院 | It is a kind of with the straw decomposition microbial inoculum of getting fat effect and its application |
| CN104945192A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-09-30 | 耿跃 | Improvement preparation for improving soil of dry farmland |
| CN105295934A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-02-03 | 富川富兴果蔬有限责任公司 | Novel water-retaining agent using vinegar factory liquid waste and preparation method thereof |
| CN105993265B (en) * | 2016-05-28 | 2017-10-17 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | The newly-ploughed hillside fields shallow soil fertilizing soil effect method in arid biogeographic zone river valley |
| CN105993265A (en) * | 2016-05-28 | 2016-10-12 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Water holding and fertilizing method for shallow soil of new reclamation sloping field in river valley of arid region |
| CN110330377A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-10-15 | 湖北仙粼化工有限公司 | Multi-Functional Fertilizers and its steam granulation fertilizer manufacture |
| CN110577448A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-12-17 | 哈尔滨谷润生态科技发展有限公司 | Environment-friendly soil water-retaining agent for straw returning by matching with decomposition agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN112457138A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-03-09 | 东北农业大学 | Microbial preparation for improving soil fertility of saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof |
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