CN110577448A - Environment-friendly soil water-retaining agent for straw returning by matching with decomposition agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Environment-friendly soil water-retaining agent for straw returning by matching with decomposition agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110577448A CN110577448A CN201910911276.8A CN201910911276A CN110577448A CN 110577448 A CN110577448 A CN 110577448A CN 201910911276 A CN201910911276 A CN 201910911276A CN 110577448 A CN110577448 A CN 110577448A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
an environment-friendly soil water-retaining agent for straw returning by matching with a decomposition agent and a preparation method thereof belong to the technical field of agricultural biology. The invention overcomes the problems that the soil moisture is seriously insufficient, the soil is difficult to fix and naturally reduce the water, and the straws are difficult to decompose and thoroughly decompose when the straws are returned to the field at present. The product of the invention is prepared from zeolite powder, diatomite, crop straw powder, grass carbon ash, brown coal powder, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium phosphate and urea. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, mixing zeolite powder, grass carbon ash, brown coal powder and water, uniformly stirring, then keeping warm and heating, cooling to room temperature, and standing; secondly, adding monopotassium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and urea, uniformly stirring, and drying at low temperature; and thirdly, adding the diatomite and the crop straw powder, and fully mixing to obtain the soil water-retaining agent. The invention solves the problem that microorganisms decomposing straws are difficult to propagate due to low soil moisture content when the straws are returned to the field, effectively improves the speed of returning the straws to the field, prevents soil from hardening and increases the organic matter content of the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural biology; in particular to an environment-friendly soil water-retaining agent used for straw returning in cooperation with a decomposition agent and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Straw returning is a method for applying straw which is a crop byproduct into soil directly or after being piled up and decomposed. The crop straw mainly comprises cellulose, hemicellulose, a certain amount of lignin, protein and carbohydrate. The substances are fermented and decomposed to be converted into an important composition of soil, namely organic matters. Organic matter is an important measure of soil fertility because it is not only a source of major and minor plant nutrient elements, but also plays an important role in preventing soil erosion, increasing water permeability, and improving water utilization.
Returning the crop straws to the field is an effective method for solving the crop wastes, can improve the soil fertility, reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, avoid the diffusion of pollutants caused by burning, improve the income of farmers, and is beneficial to adjusting the industrial structure and promoting the local economic development.
However, there are many problems with straw returning, the biggest problem being that the speed of straw returning is too slow. Especially in the north of China, the rainwater is less after autumn harvest, and the dry soil is not favorable for decomposing microbes to degrade the crop straws. Due to the stability of the straw structure, the decomposition and maturity speed of the straw is quite slow, and the one-year decomposition rate of the straw in the dry land is only less than 50 percent. Some decomposition agents can accelerate decomposition of straws, and then microorganisms in the decomposition agents cannot effectively decompose straws at proper humidity due to rapid water evaporation in natural environment. In addition, water resource shortage is a hot problem in the world at present, China is also a big agricultural country, and a large amount of underground water is pumped and irrigated, so that the underground water level is continuously reduced, and a vicious circle that the underground water level is pumped and pumped more and more is formed. If a large amount of water resources are used for water supplement in order to return the straws to the field, not only is the resources greatly wasted, but also the water is easily lost, and the effect of returning the straws to the field cannot be ensured.
At present, the agricultural water retention preparation for returning straws to fields has few related reports.
Disclosure of Invention
the invention aims to solve the problems that the soil moisture is seriously insufficient, the soil is difficult to fix and naturally reduce water, and the straws are difficult to decompose and thoroughly decompose when the straws are returned to the field at present; and provides an environment-friendly soil water-retaining agent for returning straws to fields by matching with a decomposition agent and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method has the characteristics of short process flow, small investment and land occupation, low energy consumption, no pollution and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the environment-friendly soil water-retaining agent for returning straws to fields by matching with a decomposition agent is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
Wherein, the preparation method is realized by the following steps:
Step one, mixing zeolite powder, grass carbon ash, brown coal powder and water, uniformly stirring, then carrying out heat preservation and heating, cooling to room temperature, and standing;
Secondly, adding monopotassium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and urea, uniformly stirring, and drying at low temperature;
And step three, adding the diatomite and the crop straw powder, and fully mixing to obtain the soil water-retaining agent.
Further limit, the particle size of the zeolite powder is 50 meshes-100 meshes.
Further defined, the particle size of the diatomite is 50 meshes-100 meshes.
Further limit, the grain size of the crop straw powder is 50 meshes to 100 meshes.
Further limit, the grain diameter of the grass carbon ash is 50 meshes-100 meshes.
Further limit, the grain diameter of the brown coal powder is 50-100 meshes.
Further limiting, the crop straw powder is one or a combination of several of wheat, rice, corn, potatoes, rape, cotton and sugarcane straw powder according to any ratio.
Further defined, in step one, the mixture was stirred at a rate of 200-.
further defined, in step one, the incubation is carried out at 100 ℃ for 10 minutes.
Further limiting, the first step is kept still for 12-24 hours.
further limiting, drying at 40-70 ℃ and vacuum degree of-0.08 MPa-0.06 MPa in vacuum at low temperature until the water content is 1-2% by mass.
The invention is used for preserving water of farmland soil when the crop straws are returned to the field. The preparation is applied or sprayed on the land covered with the straws after the crops are harvested, the dosage is 20 kg per mu of land, and the straws are rotavator tilled to a soil layer with the depth of 20-30 cm, so that the water-retaining agent, the straws and the soil are fully mixed.
Zeolite is a silicate mineral and has the basic structure of silica tetrahedra and alumino tetrahedra. These tetrahedra are arranged to form a crystal lattice with a stable structure, thereby forming a plurality of pores connected with each other and communicated with the outside, and having a strong adsorption capacity. Diatomite is a very abundant and cheap resource in China, and is siliceous rock consisting of diatoms and siliceous remains of other microorganisms. It has unique microporous structure, high porosity, great pore volume and high adsorption. The zeolite and the diatomite can effectively preserve moisture of natural rainfall, and can even adsorb water vapor in the air when the air humidity is high, so that the water content of the soil is improved. The addition of the crop straw powder can promote the formation of a soil granular structure, and further ensure that the water in the soil is not easy to lose. The zeolite and the diatomite have better water retention capacity due to the addition of other organic substances, and trace elements necessary for growth are provided for microorganisms degrading the straws, so that the straws can be quickly decomposed and returned to the field.
The water-retaining agent can solve the problem that microorganisms decomposing straws are difficult to propagate due to low soil moisture content when the straws are returned to the field, effectively improves the speed of returning the straws to the field, prevents soil from hardening, and increases the organic matter content of the soil.
the invention aims at the problem that microorganisms cannot be propagated or even inactivated due to water shortage in straw returning, and develops a soil water-retaining biological agent for straw returning by considering nutrient substances required by growth of the straw returning microorganisms. The water-retaining agent can effectively fix the moisture of natural rainfall, so that the soil and the straws can be kept in a wet state for a long time when being returned to the field, and a sufficient humidity and nutrition environment is provided for microorganisms decomposing the straws. After the application, the straw can be returned to the field quickly, the soil structure is improved, and the ecological balance of the soil is maintained. The invention overcomes the requirement of extra water supplement when returning the straws to the field, is environment-friendly and economical, and can effectively protect the soil.
the invention can effectively solve the problem of poor straw returning effect caused by water shortage of soil when returning straws to the field, saves water resources in the straw returning process, and can help to treat environmental and social problems caused by straw burning.
Detailed Description
Example 1: the environment-friendly soil water-retaining agent for straw returning by matching with a decomposition agent in the embodiment is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: zeolite powder: 30%, diatomaceous earth: 25% of crop straw powder: 25%, plant ash: 10% of brown coal powder: 5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 1%, diammonium phosphate: 2% and urea: 2 percent;
The particle size of the zeolite powder is 50 meshes, the particle size of the diatomite is 50 meshes, the particle size of the crop straw powder is 50 meshes, the particle size of the grass carbon ash is 50 meshes, and the particle size of the brown coal powder is 50 meshes.
The preparation method of the soil water-retaining agent of the embodiment is realized by the following steps:
Step one, mixing zeolite powder, grass carbon ash, brown coal powder and water in a stirring tank, uniformly stirring at the speed of 200 revolutions per minute (generally taking 15 minutes), then heating to 100 ℃, preserving heat for 10 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and standing for 12 hours;
secondly, adding monopotassium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and urea, uniformly stirring, and drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ and the vacuum degree of-0.08 MPa in vacuum at low temperature until the water content is 1%;
and step three, adding the diatomite and the crop straw powder, and fully mixing to obtain the soil water-retaining agent.
Example 2: the environment-friendly soil water-retaining agent for straw returning by matching with a decomposition agent in the embodiment is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: zeolite powder: 25%, diatomaceous earth: 25% of crop straw powder: 30%, plant ash: 10% of brown coal powder: 5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 2%, diammonium phosphate: 2% and urea: 1 percent;
The particle size of the zeolite powder is 100 meshes, the particle size of the diatomite is 100 meshes, the particle size of the crop straw powder is 100 meshes, the particle size of the grass carbon ash is 100 meshes, and the particle size of the brown coal powder is 100 meshes.
The preparation method of the soil water-retaining agent of the embodiment is realized by the following steps:
Step one, mixing zeolite powder, grass carbon ash, brown coal powder and water in a stirring tank, uniformly stirring at the speed of 300 revolutions per minute (generally taking 15 minutes), then heating to 100 ℃, preserving heat for 10 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and standing for 12 hours;
Secondly, adding monopotassium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and urea, uniformly stirring, and drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ and the vacuum degree of-0.08 MPa in vacuum at low temperature until the water content is 1%;
and step three, adding the diatomite and the crop straw powder, and fully mixing to obtain the soil water-retaining agent.
Example 3: the environment-friendly soil water-retaining agent for straw returning by matching with a decomposition agent in the embodiment is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: zeolite powder: 25%, diatomaceous earth: 30% of crop straw powder: 25%, plant ash: 10% of brown coal powder: 5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 2%, diammonium phosphate: 2% and urea: 1 percent;
The particle size of the zeolite powder is 60 meshes, the particle size of the diatomite is 60 meshes, the particle size of the crop straw powder is 80 meshes, the particle size of the grass carbon ash is 70 meshes, and the particle size of the brown coal powder is 80 meshes.
The preparation method of the soil water-retaining agent of the embodiment is realized by the following steps:
Step one, mixing zeolite powder, grass carbon ash, brown coal powder and water in a stirring tank, uniformly stirring at the speed of 250 revolutions per minute (generally taking 15 minutes), then heating to 100 ℃, preserving heat for 10 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and standing for 12 hours;
secondly, adding monopotassium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and urea, uniformly stirring, and drying at 55 ℃ and a vacuum degree of-0.06 MPa in a vacuum low-temperature manner until the water content is 1%;
And step three, adding the diatomite and the crop straw powder, and fully mixing to obtain the soil water-retaining agent.
The invention is used for preserving water of farmland soil when the crop straws are returned to the field. The preparation is applied or sprayed on the land covered with the straws after the crops are harvested, the dosage is 20 kg per mu of land, and the straws are rotavator tilled to a soil layer with the depth of 20-30 cm, so that the preparation, the straws and the soil are fully mixed.
The following experiments are adopted to verify the effect of the invention:
(1) Examples of Water absorption experiments
The water absorption experiment mainly tests the water absorption capacity of the soil mixed with the water-absorbing agent. Firstly, taking a certain amount of normal farmland soil and carrying out low-temperature drying treatment to completely remove water contained in the soil, and dividing the soil into 4 groups, wherein each group contains 1 kg of water. The groups 1 to 3 were set as experimental groups, 0.05 kg of the water-retaining agent prepared in examples 1 to 3 was mixed as an experimental base material, and the group 4 was set as a control group, and 0.05 kg of completely dried farmland soil was added as an experimental base material. And 4 groups of experimental base materials are placed in a transparent and visible container, water is slowly and uniformly added into the experimental base materials, the flow rate is controlled to be 5 g of water/s until the water seepage from the bottom of the transparent container is stopped, and the quality of the water added into the four experimental groups is recorded after the water seepage is stopped. After standing for 1 hour, water was added again to 4 experimental groups, the flow rate was controlled at 5 g/s until water permeation was stopped at the bottom of the transparent container, and the cumulative amount of water added was recorded again. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Water absorption Effect of the test groups
| Group of | Experimental base material | Cumulative water addition (1 st time) | Cumulative water addition (2 nd time) |
| 1 | Soil + Water-retaining agent (example 1) | 1.37 kg | 1.59 kg |
| 2 | soil + Water-retaining agent (example 2) | 1.37 kg | 1.61 kg |
| 3 | Soil + Water-retaining agent (example 3) | 1.35 kg | 1.58 kg |
| 4 | Soil(s) | 0.89 kg | 0.92 kg |
as can be seen from Table 1, the cumulative water absorption of the soil after the application of the water retention agent is increased by 73.2% on average compared with that of pure soil. Greatly enhances the water holding capacity of the soil and is very helpful for the formation of the humid environment required by soil microorganisms.
(2) Water retention test example
The water retention test was conducted on the basis of (1) the water absorption test example, in which 4 groups of examples were placed in a natural outdoor environment for 7 days (168 hours). The average maximum and minimum temperature per day in 7 days of the test period is 29-17 ℃, the average wind power is 2 grades, and no rainfall occurs in 7 days. The weight was recorded every 8 hours during the test period to test the water retention effect of the water retention agent, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Water retention Effect of the experimental groups (unit: kg)
as can be seen from Table 2, the water loss of the soil mixed with the water retaining agent was only about 40% on the seventh day, whereas the water loss of the farmland soil reached 82%. If natural rainfall is matched, the soil can be kept in a wet state all the time, which is very beneficial to the growth of straw decomposition microorganisms.
(3) straw returning effect test
In order to test the effect of the water-retaining agent on straw returning, a straw returning effect test is carried out in a test field. The experiment is divided into 4 groups, 1-3 groups are experimental groups, the water-retaining agents and soil prepared in the examples 1-3 in the specific application mode are respectively added with the same amount of straw decomposition agent of the same brand, the straw decomposition agent and the soil are uniformly mixed according to the normal application amount to be used as experiment base materials, the soil amount is 20 kg, and 1 kg of the water-retaining agent of the paper cup in the examples 1-3 is respectively added; group 4 was a control group, and normal soil was used as an experimental base material in an amount of 20 kg. Mixing the experimental base materials of each group with dry rice straws, and placing the mixture in a natural environment for straw returning experiments. The experimental time is 7 days, the experimental environment is natural outdoor, the experimental time is 7 days, the average maximum temperature and the minimum temperature of each day are 30-18 ℃ within 7 days, the average wind power is 2 grades, rainfall occurs once within 7 days, and the rainfall occurs on the 6 th day. And measuring the force required for breaking the straws by using a tension meter on the seventh day as an index of the straw returning effect, randomly selecting 10 straws in each group for measurement, and averaging the measurement results. The results of the experiment on day seven are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 straw returning effect
| Group of | Experimental base material | Straw breaking tension |
| 1 | Soil + Water-retaining agent + straw decomposition agent (example 1) | 14.2N |
| 2 | Soil + Water-retaining agent + straw decomposition agent (example 2) | 15.4N |
| 3 | soil + Water-retaining agent + straw decomposition agent (example 3) | 14.9N |
| 4 | Soil and straw decomposing agent | 18.5N |
| 5 | Soil(s) | 22.5N |
As can be seen from Table 3, the straw applied with the water-retaining agent has a breaking tension reduced by 34% on average and a remarkable effect compared with the straw not applied with the water-retaining agent.
Claims (10)
1. The environment-friendly soil water-retaining agent for straw returning in cooperation with a decomposition agent is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
2. The soil water-retaining agent according to claim 1, wherein the soil water-retaining agent is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
3. The soil water-retaining agent according to claim 1, wherein the soil water-retaining agent is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
4. The soil water-retaining agent according to claim 1, wherein the zeolite powder has a particle size of 50 mesh to 100 mesh, the diatomaceous earth has a particle size of 50 mesh to 100 mesh, the crop straw powder has a particle size of 50 mesh to 100 mesh, the grass carbon ash has a particle size of 50 mesh to 100 mesh, and the brown coal powder has a particle size of 50 mesh to 100 mesh.
5. The soil water-retaining agent according to claim 1, wherein the crop straw powder is one or a combination of wheat, rice, corn, potato, rape, cotton and sugarcane straw powder.
6. the method for preparing a soil water-retaining agent as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the preparation method is realized by the following steps:
Step one, mixing zeolite powder, grass carbon ash, brown coal powder and water, uniformly stirring, then carrying out heat preservation and heating, cooling to room temperature, and standing;
Secondly, adding monopotassium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and urea, uniformly stirring, and drying in vacuum at low temperature;
And step three, adding the diatomite and the crop straw powder, and fully mixing to obtain the soil water-retaining agent.
7. The method for preparing a soil water-retaining agent as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step one, stirring is carried out at a speed of 200 and 300 rpm for 15 minutes.
8. the method for preparing a soil water-retaining agent according to claim 6, wherein the temperature is maintained at 100 ℃ for 10 minutes in the first step.
9. the method for preparing a soil water-retaining agent according to claim 6, wherein the standing time in the first step is 12 to 24 hours.
10. The method for preparing the soil water-retaining agent according to claim 6, characterized in that in the second step, the drying is carried out at a low temperature of 40 ℃ to 70 ℃ and a vacuum degree of-0.08 MPa to-0.06 MPa until the water content is 1% to 2% by mass.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111560254A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-08-21 | 王梅 | Natural sodium bentonite composite water-retaining material and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20191217 |