CN111285742A - Special biofertilizer for moderate and severe saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special biofertilizer for moderate and severe saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111285742A CN111285742A CN202010249454.8A CN202010249454A CN111285742A CN 111285742 A CN111285742 A CN 111285742A CN 202010249454 A CN202010249454 A CN 202010249454A CN 111285742 A CN111285742 A CN 111285742A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological fertilizers and saline-alkali soil improvement, and discloses a biological fertilizer for improving medium-heavy saline-alkali soil, a preparation method and application thereof. The organic matter is improved, the crop growth amount is improved, the product is mainly salt-tolerant nutritional strains and metabolites thereof, the salt-tolerant nutritional strain has the characteristics of strong strain activity, long lasting action time, soil fertility improvement, soil aggregate structure increase and crop growth promotion, the salt conversion in soil is improved and the fertility is improved through the strain reproduction effect, and finally the crop yield is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and provides a saline-alkali improved biological fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The improvement and treatment of saline-alkali soil is one of the important fields of agriculture development, ecological environment treatment and ecological restoration in all countries in the world, and the salt content of soil, the organic matter content of soil, the activity of soil strains, the survival rate of planted plants and the yield of the planted plants become important indexes for measuring the improvement of saline-alkali soil.
The salt content of the soil is distributed according to the mild, moderate and severe conditions, the salt content of the mild saline-alkali soil is less than or equal to 3 thousandths, the salt content of the moderate saline-alkali soil is less than or equal to 6 thousandths, and the salt content of the severe saline-alkali soil is more than or equal to 10 thousandths. The literature data shows that the organic matter content of soil, the bacterial quantity of various bacteria and fungi in the soil and the survival rate of plants are continuously reduced along with the increase of the salt content, and most saline-alkali soil can only grow non-economic crops such as reed, suaeda glauca and the like, even the land is not the same.
The improvement and treatment of saline-alkali soil adopt the ways of engineering improvement and chemical improvement by using soil conditioners such as irrigation, salt elimination, calcium sulfate and the like. Firstly, salt removal ditch and alkali removal ditch construction are carried out through a large number of engineering technologies, the effect of salt washing is achieved through large-volume irrigation after construction, and secondly, the saline-alkali soil is improved by reducing the pH value of the soil and improving the volume weight of the soil in a mode of chemical modifiers such as calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, aluminum sulfate and the like. And thirdly, adding the mushroom chaff containing acidic substances, furfural slag and acidic sludge to improve the accumulation of the acidic substances in the soil, neutralizing the soil salt to form ions and promoting the growth of plants.
The above method has the problem of simple compounding, and although saline-alkali soil can play a role in a short period, the long-term simplification technology application is difficult to continue, the application engineering quantity is large, the cost is high, the soil salinity is easy to aggravate, the chaff and the like are difficult to absorb by soil and utilize by plants without fermentation treatment, and the effect is not obvious.
The biological improvement and the application of the microbial technology to saline-alkali soil improvement are still in the development stage, most of the soil with the salt content of 3 per thousand and capable of planting economic crops is added with a soil improvement agent or a compound biological fertilizer compounded by a conventional potassium and phosphorus-dissolving microbial strain, sludge and a chemical fertilizer, the improvement of the medium-heavy saline-alkali soil with the salt content of more than 6 per thousand is not deeply developed, the nutritional strain which is salt-resistant and capable of improving the soil activity is required to be technically developed, and the development of the compound microbial fertilizer capable of growing, dissolving phosphorus and potassium, secreting acid and the like in the medium-heavy saline-alkali soil becomes an important development technology.
Research data show that the influence of the number of live bacteria in soil on the soil fertility is concerned by people increasingly. When the amount of viable bacteria in the soil reaches 5 × 106cfu/g, the organic matter available in the soil is improved by 1-5% in proportion, the salt content is reduced by 2-10% in proportion or is not increased any more, and the survival rate and the final yield of the plant are correspondingly improved. The soil bacterial amount of the biological bacterial fertilizer prepared by the conventional strains is recovered to the initial stage of saline-alkali soil improvement after the initial stage of flood irrigation, and the improvement effect is not ideal. When the strain in the soilThe viable count of the fertilizer is less than one hundred thousand CFU/g, the fertility of the soil is obviously reduced, the survival rate of the planted plants is finally lower than 50%, and even the phenomena that the weeds cannot grow and the waste is improved for one year are caused.
The CN201310546681.7 patent discloses a humic acid saline-alkali soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof, discloses that the conditioner prepared by humic acid is only applied after chemical fertilizers such as urea and fulvic acid are mixed, and effects such as reduction of salt content in saline-alkali soil are not described, and the CN201910469153.3 patent discloses a compound microorganism envelope type long-acting saline-alkali soil conditioner and a bacillus strain in the conditioner disclosed by the preparation method does not describe specific salt-tolerant effect and bacterial quantity change in soil, and salt content and soil organic matter change in medium-heavy saline-alkali soil are unknown.
In conclusion, the key point of the prior art is to develop a specific and efficient biological bacterial fertilizer, a preparation method and an application technology thereof aiming at the problems of unobvious effect, single improvement means, insufficient salt-tolerant strains and short action time and improved soil fertility improvement of medium-heavy saline-alkali soil, and the application technology of developing mature salt-tolerant-nutritive strains and special biological bacterial fertilizers thereof, which can obviously improve the soil salt content, the soil fertility and the bacteria content, is an important support for improving the saline-alkali soil, and particularly has practical significance for improving the medium-heavy saline-alkali soil.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the blank of the technology, the invention provides a biological fertilizer for improving the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil, and a preparation method and application thereof, the invention prepares the produced biological fertilizer by adding a compound microbial agent of specific salt-tolerant strains as a main component and mixing an organic fertilizer, wormcast, a water-retaining agent, a nitrogen fertilizer and a calcium fertilizer, solves the problems of low survival efficiency, short action time and low crop growth amount of the strains in the saline-alkali soil with the salt content of more than 6 per mill, and realizes the reduction of the salt content of the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil. The organic matter is increased, the crop growth is increased, the product is mainly salt-tolerant nutritional strains and metabolites thereof, and the product has the characteristics of strong strain activity, long lasting action time, soil fertility improvement, soil aggregate structure increase and crop growth promotion. The fertilizer product remarkably improves the release of fertilizer nutrients and the effect efficiency of the strains after coating and granulating, provides nutrients such as organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for saline-alkali soil, improves the salt content conversion and fertility improvement in the soil through the strain reproduction effect, and finally realizes the crop yield improvement.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
every 100kg of special fertilizer for medium and heavy saline-alkali soil comprises 50-80kg of organic fertilizer, 1-10kg of water-retaining agent, 1-10kg of wormcast, 2-5kg of calcium fertilizer, 5-10kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 1-5kg of compound microbial agent; the bacterial content of the whole biological fertilizer is more than or equal to 2 hundred million cfu/g;
in order to realize the purpose of improving soil organic matters in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil, the organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting 2 mixed materials according to different carbon-nitrogen ratios by using corn straws, cow dung and mushroom dregs as alternative raw materials.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer is prepared by taking mechanically crushed corn straws (2-3cm) and cow dung as raw materials according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25-30:1 or fungus residues and cow dung according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25-35: 1: after the materials are mixed, performing indoor trough type compost fermentation for 30-45 days, keeping the water content of the materials at 50-60%, starting turning the piles when the temperature reaches 50 ℃, turning the piles once every 5-7 days, and after the fermentation is finished, enabling the color of the organic fertilizer to be black brown without obvious odor, realizing that the organic matter content is more than or equal to 45%, and the total nutrient (N + P)2O5+K2O) is more than or equal to 5 percent, the heavy metal detection does not exceed the standard, and the index detection meets the NY525 standard.
The preparation of the bio-organic fertilizer has the advantages that the selected organic fertilizer raw materials are plant or animal source raw materials, the organic fertilizer raw materials have rich organic matters and medium trace elements, the mushroom dregs are a mixture of wood chips and bean pulp after growth of mushrooms, agrocybe cylindracea and the like, the mixture is acidic, the pH value of soil can be adjusted, and the organic matter content of the soil can be improved.
In order to achieve the purposes of ensuring the water retention of crops planted in saline-alkali soil within one meter and reducing watering frequency, a water-retaining agent is added into the biological fertilizer, wherein the water-retaining agent is one of potassium polyacrylate and sodium polyacrylate, and can be purchased from agricultural drought-resistant water-retaining agent of pengyx chemical company, Inc. of Cangjiang, Rizhou, Hebei; the water-retaining agent particles have the water absorption performance of 100-fold and 200-fold, and the biological fertilizer mixed with the water-retaining agent is applied to the planting pits of crops (saplings) in the saline-alkali soil improvement process, so that the biological fertilizer can absorb water quickly after watering, the peripheral water content of the crops is kept 50% higher than that of the conventional soil within 1-3 months, and the water supply of the crops is improved.
In order to realize the purposes of loosening the soil and improving the reproduction of viable bacteria in the soil in saline-alkali soil, the wormcast is a manure fertilizer obtained by breeding earthworms by using a material mixed by cow dung and straws, the wormcast adopted in the invention is an earthworm manure fertilizer directly purchased in the market, and the wormcast is specifically selected from an earthworm manure fertilizer purchased from Bingbei Town earthworm breeding cooperative society in Binzhou; the pH value of the components of the wormcast is neutral, the content of viable bacteria is 0.2-2 hundred million cfu/g, meanwhile, the content of organic matters is rich (20-30%), the content of high protein is (5-20%), the content of amino acid is rich, the reproduction and growth of beneficial bacteria in soil can be effectively improved, the protein and the amino acid are decomposed to provide nutrients needed by bacteria and crops, and meanwhile, the porosity of the wormcast is high, so that the granular structure of the soil is improved, and the soil hardening degree is improved.
In order to achieve the purposes of improving the growth efficiency of crops and adjusting the acidity and alkalinity in saline-alkali soil, the added calcium fertilizer is in an acidic ion form, the alkalinity of the soil can be neutralized, the absorption efficiency of calcium of the soil is improved through the action of bacteria and natural transpiration, and the added nitrogen fertilizer guarantees the growth needs of the crops. The calcium fertilizer is calcium sulfate or calcium lactate; the nitrogen fertilizer is one or more of urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate;
in order to achieve the purpose of improving the strain activity, strain adaptability and durability of soil in saline-alkali soil, the compound microbial agent takes salt-resistant bacillus licheniformis as a main component, accounting for 50 wt%, and is matched with one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus cereus and bacillus megaterium, preferably 2 of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus cereus and the bacillus megaterium, accounting for 50 wt% in total;
the preferable salt-tolerant bacillus licheniformis has the effects of fast propagation, adaptability to soil with 15% of salt at most, organic acid secretion and phosphorus and potassium decomposition, high salt tolerance after the saline-alkali soil is applied, phosphorus and potassium nutrients required by plants are decomposed by surrounding organic matters and other organic matters, and the effect that ionic salt can be neutralized by the secreted organic acid is achieved.
The auxiliary strains such as bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and the like are preferably selected to act in areas with reduced salt content and rich organic matters, so that the organic matters are further decomposed to provide nutrition for crops and propagate by the crops, and the fertility of the saline-alkali soil is further improved.
In order to realize the purposes of simplification, high efficiency and reduction of application difficulty, the biological fertilizer takes the prepared organic fertilizer as a base material, is mixed with the water-retaining agent, the calcium fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer at room temperature, and is granulated with the coated compound microbial powder to prepare the special biological fertilizer.
The microbial strain can be effectively protected by coating the microbial strain, the gradual release of the strain in soil is improved, the survival of the strain is ensured, the sequential action of the auxiliary strains such as bacillus subtilis and the like is promoted, the viable count is sharply reduced compared with that of the conventional bacterial fertilizer after the strains are simply mixed, the effect is not obvious after the application, and the condition can be obviously improved after the application of the technology.
Therefore, the pH value of the special biofertilizer in the technical scheme is kept between 4.5 and 7, the pH value adjustment of saline-alkali soil is facilitated, the alkalinity of the soil is neutralized (generally between 8 and 10), the adopted microbial strains have the effects of secreting organic acid, dissolving phosphorus and potassium, the special biofertilizer can tolerate saline-alkali soil salt content within 15 percent and still survive in large quantities, and the special biofertilizer has good bioactivity effect on moderate and severe saline-alkali soil.
As mentioned above, the compound microbial agent mainly comprises salt-tolerant Bacillus licheniformis, wherein the salt-tolerant Bacillus licheniformis strain is selected from Bacillus licheniformis with the strain number of CGMCC18398, and is preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center with the preservation date of 2019, 08 months and 20 days;
the strain can grow in a culture medium with 15% of salt content, can produce acid to pH4.0, can tolerate the culture saline-alkali concentration of pH10.5, and has the functions of fixing nitrogen, dissolving phosphorus and potassium and secreting auxin required by plants. The fermentation method comprises the following steps:
transferring a Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC18398 stock strain preserved at the temperature of-80 ℃ to a liquid LB culture medium, performing constant-temperature activation culture at 37 ℃ for 24h, transferring to a liquid fermentation tank for amplification culture in the logarithmic growth phase of the strain, wherein the culture temperature is 35-37 ℃, the culture period is 5d, performing disc centrifugation after detecting the bacterial quantity, adding 10-30% of kieselguhr to obtain dried bacterial powder, and storing the bacterial powder in a warehouse, wherein the bacterial quantity is more than or equal to 20 hundred million CFU/g.
The bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus cereus and the bacillus megaterium in the auxiliary strain can further improve the effect of decomposing organic matters in soil to provide nutrient nutrients, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
the adopted bacillus subtilis is selected from bacillus subtilis with the strain number of ACCC19373, and is purchased from China agricultural microorganism culture collection management center. The strain is fermented according to the following method to obtain bacterial powder:
transferring a bacillus subtilis ACCC19373 stock strain preserved at the temperature of-80 ℃ to a liquid LB culture medium, performing constant-temperature activation culture at 37 ℃ for 24 hours, transferring the stock strain to a liquid fermentation tank for amplification culture in the logarithmic growth phase of the strain, wherein the culture temperature is 30-37 ℃, the culture period is 6d, performing disc centrifugation after detecting the bacterial quantity, adding 10-30% of kieselguhr to obtain dried bacterial powder, and storing the bacterial powder in a warehouse, wherein the bacterial quantity is more than or equal to 100 hundred million CFU/g.
The bacillus licheniformis is selected from bacillus licheniformis with the strain number of ACCC02975, and is purchased from China center for agricultural microbial culture collection. The strain is fermented according to the following method to obtain bacterial powder:
transferring a Bacillus licheniformis ACCC02975 stock strain preserved at the temperature of-80 ℃ to a liquid LB culture medium, performing constant-temperature activation culture at the temperature of 30-37 ℃ for 24h, transferring the stock strain to a liquid fermentation tank for amplification culture or a solid state fermentation bed for amplification culture in the logarithmic phase of the strain, wherein the culture temperature is 30-35 ℃, the culture period is 5d, performing disc centrifugation after detecting the strain amount to obtain dried strain powder, adding 10-30% of diatomite, and storing the strain powder in a warehouse, wherein the strain amount is more than or equal to 50 hundred million CFU/g.
The bacillus cereus is selected from bacillus cereus ACCC10604 with the strain number, and is purchased from China agricultural microbial culture collection management center. The strain is fermented according to the following method to obtain bacterial powder:
transferring a Bacillus cereus ACCC10604 stock strain preserved at the temperature of-80 ℃ to a liquid LB culture medium, performing constant-temperature activation culture at the temperature of 35-37 ℃ for 24h, transferring the stock strain to a liquid fermentation tank for amplification culture or a solid state fermentation bed for amplification culture in the logarithmic phase of the strain, wherein the culture temperature is 30-37 ℃, the culture period is 5d, performing disc centrifugation after detecting the strain amount to obtain dried strain powder, adding 10-30% of diatomite, and storing the strain powder in a warehouse, wherein the strain amount is more than or equal to 20 hundred million CFU/g.
The bacillus megaterium is bacillus megaterium with the strain number of ACCC10010, and is purchased from China agricultural microorganism culture preservation management center. The strain is fermented according to the following method to obtain bacterial powder:
transferring an original strain of bacillus megaterium ACCC10010 preserved at the temperature of-80 ℃ to a liquid LB culture medium, performing constant-temperature activation culture at the temperature of 30 ℃ for 24 hours, transferring the original strain to a liquid fermentation tank for amplification culture or a solid state fermentation bed for amplification culture in the logarithmic growth phase of the strain, wherein the culture temperature is 30-35 ℃, the culture period is 5d, performing disc centrifugation after detecting the strain amount to obtain dried strain powder, adding 10-30% of diatomite, and storing the strain powder in a warehouse, wherein the strain amount is more than or equal to 200 hundred million CFU/g.
The method comprises the following steps of mixing the bacterial powder according to the proportion at normal temperature to obtain mixed bacterial powder, then coating the mixed bacterial powder in a coating machine, wherein the coating aims to effectively protect strains, slowly release the activity of the strains after application and ensure the long-time propagation and effectiveness of the strains, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) after the fungus powder mixture is prepared, maltodextrin or microcrystalline cellulose with the volume of 5-10% of the fungus powder mixture is added, and the moisture of the material is increased from the initial 30% to 50-60% after the material is fully mixed with alcohol, so that the adhesive property with a coating agent can be improved.
(2) Coating with FLP-3 multifunctional coating dryer, preferably selecting acrylic resin as coating agent, adding 1L coating agent into 1.5kg material, mixing, drying for 10-20 min at air inlet temperature of 70-80 deg.C and air outlet temperature of 40 deg.C, evaporating alcohol to obtain coated fungus powder with particle diameter of 0.2 mm;
the effect of the above operation is that the alcohol used in the coating process is 75% alcohol, which can improve the adhesion degree of the coating agent and the material, and the volatilization of the alcohol can reduce the mixed bacteria in the operation process of the machine.
After the coating microbial inoculum is obtained, the moisture of the organic fertilizer and the mixed materials thereof is confirmed to be less than or equal to 30 percent before the subsequent preparation, so that the phenomena of advanced propagation of strains and deliquescence of nitrogenous fertilizers caused by large moisture are avoided before granulation.
The invention further discloses a preparation method of the special biofertilizer for improving moderate and severe saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following preparation steps:
(a) preparing an organic fertilizer, and drying the moisture of the organic fertilizer until the moisture is less than or equal to 30%;
(b) sequentially weighing calcium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and water-retaining agent according to the proportion, adding the weighed materials into the organic fertilizer at normal temperature or 20-30 ℃, stirring and mixing to obtain a blended organic fertilizer;
(c) weighing bacillus taking salt-tolerant bacillus as a main component and bacillus taking auxiliary component according to a proportion, and coating to obtain coated bacterium powder;
(d) mixing the mixed organic fertilizer, the coating bacterial powder and the wormcast, carrying out shot blasting granulation, drying to obtain a granular fertilizer with the grain size of 1-3mm and the grain size of 90%, packaging into 30-40kg, and packaging by using a double-layer plastic bag.
In order to realize the purposes of manual fertilization and machine sowing of the biofertilizer, the invention adopts shot blasting granulation technology to perform shot blasting granulation on the mixed material, so as to ensure the uniform particles of the product and reduce the pollution of dust.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following excellent effects:
(1) the salt-tolerant strains applied in the special fertilizer for saline-alkali soil are specifically screened in the saline-alkali soil on the spot, not only can tolerate more than 15% of salinity and alkaline environment, but also can play a role in nutrient function of decomposing phosphorus and potassium, and compared with the common strains, the compound microbial inoculum of the invention has the following characteristics: the high activity in the saline-alkali soil, the secreted organic acid obviously reduces the pH value of the soil, provides a suitable breeding place for other compounded nutrient strains, improves the soil activity, better decomposes organic matters of organic fertilizers and provides plant nutrients;
(2) when the salinity of the soil reaches more than 6 per thousand, after more than 1500kg of special biofertilizer is added into each mu of land, the organic matter in the soil is increased by more than 10 percent in the same ratio, the growth environment of microorganisms is provided, the salt-tolerant bacillus absorbs the organic matter in the soil as nutrient secretion organic acid to neutralize the alkalinity of the soil, the salt-tolerant bacillus absorbs a part of the salinity in the soil as required for propagation, the secreted organic phosphorus and organic potassium, substances such as auxin and the like and humic acid in the soil play a role in diluting the salinity, meanwhile, the decomposition of nutrients for the organic matter of 20-30cm in the soil is promoted, the growth activity of plants such as grass seeds, tamarix chinensis and the like on the surface layer of the soil is improved, and the survival rate of crops in medium-severe saline-alkali land is further improved.
(3) By combining the existing saline-alkali land drip irrigation technology, the survival rate of planted elaeagnus angustifolia, tamarix chinensis and sesbania can reach more than 60%, the tamarix chinensis and the elaeagnus angustifolia as traditional salt-tolerant crops can tolerate saline-alkali soil within 15 per thousand, the fertilizer can promote the salt to secrete excessive organic acid in the soil with the salt content of more than 5 per thousand, the soil moisture around the nursery stock is improved to be kept above 40%, a small environment with the radius of 0.5 meter is formed, the salt content of the small environment soil can be kept within 15 per thousand or even lower (6 to 10 per thousand), and the organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the soil is rich, so that the growth of the plants is promoted; the bacterial powder of the salt-tolerant bacillus licheniformis can form bacterial clusters around plants (the viable count of the plant soil is obviously 5-10 times higher than that of the surrounding soil), the soil is fertilized with a special biological fertilizer in autumn and spring every year, the salt content of the saline-alkali soil does not continuously rise, and the viable count of the soil is improved by 5 times compared with that of the million-level CFU/g.
In conclusion, the special biofertilizer fertilizer for saline-alkali soil is prepared by compounding an organic fertilizer, a water-retaining agent, wormcast, a calcium fertilizer, a nitrogen fertilizer and a microbial agent, is applied to medium-and-heavy saline-alkali soil, and can be used for improving the soil fertility and further effectively improving the survival rate and growth indexes of crops such as tamarix chinensis, sesbania sessilifolia and oleaster while reducing the planting cost of the saline-alkali soil and realizing the balance of the yield and the quality of the saline-alkali soil compared with the common saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above subject matter is limited to the following examples. All the technologies realized based on the above contents of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention, and the following examples are all completed by using conventional prior arts or commercially available products except for specific descriptions.
The bacillus described in this example was obtained as follows:
1. preparation of salt-tolerant Bacillus licheniformis strain
Transferring a Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC18398 stock strain preserved at the temperature of-80 ℃ to a liquid LB culture medium, performing constant-temperature activation culture at 37 ℃ for 24h, transferring to a liquid fermentation tank for amplification culture in the logarithmic growth phase of the strain, wherein the culture temperature is 35-37 ℃, the culture period is 5d, performing disc centrifugation after detecting the bacterial quantity, adding 10-30% of kieselguhr to obtain dried bacterial powder, and storing the bacterial powder in a warehouse, wherein the bacterial quantity is more than or equal to 20 hundred million CFU/g.
2. Preparation of Bacillus subtilis Strain
Transferring a bacillus subtilis ACCC19373 stock strain preserved at the temperature of-80 ℃ to a liquid LB culture medium, performing constant-temperature activation culture at 37 ℃ for 24 hours, transferring the stock strain to a liquid fermentation tank for amplification culture in the logarithmic growth phase of the strain, wherein the culture temperature is 30-37 ℃, the culture period is 6d, performing disc centrifugation after detecting the bacterial quantity, adding 10-30% of kieselguhr to obtain dried bacterial powder, and storing the bacterial powder in a warehouse, wherein the bacterial quantity is more than or equal to 100 hundred million CFU/g.
3. Preparation of Bacillus licheniformis Strain
Transferring a Bacillus licheniformis ACCC02975 stock strain preserved at the temperature of-80 ℃ to a liquid LB culture medium, performing constant-temperature activation culture at the temperature of 30-37 ℃ for 24h, transferring the stock strain to a liquid fermentation tank for amplification culture or a solid state fermentation bed for amplification culture in the logarithmic phase of the strain, wherein the culture temperature is 30-35 ℃, the culture period is 5d, performing disc centrifugation after detecting the strain amount to obtain dried strain powder, adding 10-30% of diatomite, and storing the strain powder in a warehouse, wherein the strain amount is more than or equal to 50 hundred million CFU/g.
4. Preparation of Bacillus cereus
Transferring a Bacillus cereus ACCC10604 stock strain preserved at the temperature of-80 ℃ to a liquid LB culture medium, performing constant-temperature activation culture at the temperature of 35-37 ℃ for 24h, transferring the stock strain to a liquid fermentation tank for amplification culture or a solid state fermentation bed for amplification culture in the logarithmic phase of the strain, wherein the culture temperature is 30-37 ℃, the culture period is 5d, performing disc centrifugation after detecting the strain amount to obtain dried strain powder, adding 10-30% of diatomite, and storing the strain powder in a warehouse, wherein the strain amount is more than or equal to 20 hundred million CFU/g.
5. Preparation of Bacillus megaterium species
Transferring an original strain of bacillus megaterium ACCC10010 preserved at the temperature of-80 ℃ to a liquid LB culture medium, performing constant-temperature activation culture at the temperature of 30 ℃ for 24 hours, transferring the original strain to a liquid fermentation tank for amplification culture or a solid state fermentation bed for amplification culture in the logarithmic growth phase of the strain, wherein the culture temperature is 30-35 ℃, the culture period is 5d, performing disc centrifugation after detecting the strain amount to obtain dried strain powder, adding 10-30% of diatomite, and storing the strain powder in a warehouse, wherein the strain amount is more than or equal to 200 hundred million CFU/g.
Example 1
The special biofertilizer for medium and severe saline-alkali soil comprises the following components in every 100 kg: 65kg of organic fertilizer, 10kg of water-retaining agent, 6kg of wormcast, 4kg of calcium fertilizer, 10kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 5kg of compound microbial agent, and coating and granulating the mixture to obtain the granular fertilizer.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(a) preparing an organic fertilizer, mixing mechanically crushed corn straws (2-3cm) and cow dung according to a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 30:1, performing indoor trough composting fermentation for 30d, keeping the water content of the material at 55%, starting turning when the temperature reaches 50 ℃, turning once every 5-7 days, and after the fermentation is finished, enabling the color of the organic fertilizer to be black brown without obvious odor, wherein the index detection requirement is that the content of organic matters is 45.67%, the total nutrients reach 5.21%, the detection of heavy metals does not exceed the standard, and the index detection accords with the NY525 standard; the water content is controlled to be less than or equal to 30 percent by drying.
(b) Sequentially weighing calcium sulfate, urea and a sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent according to the component content, adding the weighed materials into the organic fertilizer under the normal temperature condition, and stirring and mixing to obtain the blended organic fertilizer.
(c) Preparing corresponding salt-tolerant bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megatherium and bacillus subtilis powder according to the preparation method, wherein the composite microbial agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: b, bacillus licheniformis: bacillus subtilis 50: 30: 20, mixing and compounding.
Adding maltodextrin 10% of the volume of the mixture of the fungus powder, fully mixing the materials with alcohol, increasing the water content of the materials from the initial 30% to 60%, performing coating operation by using an FLP-3 multifunctional coating dryer, preferably selecting acrylic resin as a coating agent, adding 1L of the coating agent into 1.5kg of the materials, mixing, then feeding into the dryer, adjusting the air inlet temperature to 70 ℃, the air outlet temperature to 40 ℃, drying for 10 minutes, and obtaining the coated fungus powder after the alcohol of the materials is completely evaporated, wherein the fungus powder has the fungus content of 28 hundred million CFU/g and the particle size of 0.2 mm.
(d) Mixing the organic fertilizer, wormcast and coating fungus powder, performing shot blasting granulation by adopting the prior art, granulating and drying to obtain granular fertilizer with the grain size of 2-3mm and the grain size of 90%, packaging into 30-40kg, and packaging by using a double-layer plastic bag.
Through detection, the effective viable count of the special fertilizer is 7.58 hundred million cfu/g, the calcium content is more than or equal to 3g/kg, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 9.28%, and the pH value is 5.72.
Example 2
The special biofertilizer for medium and severe saline-alkali soil comprises the following components in every 100 kg: 70kg of organic fertilizer, 10kg of water-retaining agent, 5kg of wormcast, 2kg of calcium fertilizer, 8kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 5kg of compound microbial agent, and coating and granulating the mixture to obtain the granular fertilizer.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(a) preparing an organic fertilizer, mixing crushed mushroom dregs and cow dung according to a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 35:1, performing indoor trough composting fermentation for 35d, keeping the water content of the materials at 59.6%, starting turning when the temperature reaches 50 ℃, turning the piles once every 5-7 days, and after the fermentation is finished, enabling the color of the organic fertilizer to be black brown and have no obvious odor, wherein the index detection requirement is that the content of organic matters is 48.32%, the total nutrients reach 5.08%, the detection of heavy metals does not exceed the standard, and the index detection accords with the NY525 standard; the water content is controlled to be less than or equal to 30 percent by drying.
(b) Sequentially weighing calcium sulfate, urea and a sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent according to the component content, adding the weighed materials into the organic fertilizer under the normal temperature condition, and stirring and mixing to obtain the blended organic fertilizer.
(c) Preparing corresponding salt-tolerant bacillus licheniformis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis bacterial powder according to the preparation method, wherein the composite microbial agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: b, bacillus licheniformis: bacillus subtilis 50: 30: 20 are mixed and compounded to obtain the invented product,
adding 7% of maltodextrin in terms of volume of the fungus powder mixture, fully mixing the materials with alcohol, increasing the water content of the materials from the initial 30% to 55%, performing coating operation by using an FLP-3 multifunctional coating dryer, preferably selecting acrylic resin as a coating agent, adding 1L of the coating agent into 1.5kg of the materials, mixing, then feeding into the dryer, adjusting the air inlet temperature to be 75 ℃, the air outlet temperature to be 30 ℃, drying for 15 minutes, and obtaining the coated fungus powder after the alcohol of the materials is completely evaporated, wherein the fungus powder has the fungus content of 21 hundred million CFU/g and the particle size of 0.2 mm.
(d) Mixing the organic fertilizer, wormcast and coating fungus powder, performing shot blasting granulation by adopting the prior art, granulating and drying to obtain granular fertilizer with the grain diameter of 1-2mm and the grain size of 90%, packaging into 30-40kg, and packaging by using a double-layer plastic bag.
Through detection, the effective viable count of the special fertilizer is 6.58 hundred million cfu/g, the calcium content is more than or equal to 3g/kg, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 8.75%, and the pH value is 6.05.
Example 3
The special biofertilizer for medium and severe saline-alkali soil comprises the following components in every 100 kg: 75kg of organic fertilizer, 2kg of water-retaining agent, 6kg of wormcast, 4kg of calcium fertilizer, 10kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 3kg of compound microbial agent are compounded, and the granular fertilizer is obtained after coating and granulation.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(a) preparing an organic fertilizer, mixing mechanically crushed corn straws (2-3cm) and cow dung according to a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25:1, performing indoor trough composting fermentation for 30d, keeping the water content of the materials at 53.7%, starting turning when the temperature reaches 50 ℃, turning once every 5-7 days, and after the fermentation is finished, enabling the color of the organic fertilizer to be black brown without obvious odor, wherein the index detection requirement is that the content of organic matters is 49.58%, the total nutrients reach 5.12%, the detection of heavy metals does not exceed the standard, and the index detection accords with the NY525 standard; the water content is controlled to be less than or equal to 30 percent by drying.
(b) Sequentially weighing calcium sulfate, urea and a sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent according to the component content, adding the weighed materials into the organic fertilizer under the normal temperature condition, and stirring and mixing to obtain the blended organic fertilizer.
(c) Preparing corresponding salt-tolerant bacillus licheniformis, bacillus cereus, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis powder according to the preparation method, wherein the composite microbial agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: bacillus cereus: b, bacillus licheniformis: bacillus subtilis 50: 20: 20: 10, mixing and compounding the raw materials,
adding 8% of maltodextrin in terms of volume of the mixture of the fungus powder, fully mixing the materials with alcohol, increasing the water content of the materials from the initial 35% to 55%, performing coating operation by using an FLP-3 multifunctional coating dryer, preferably selecting acrylic resin as a coating agent, adding 1L of the coating agent into 1.5kg of the materials, mixing, then feeding into the dryer, adjusting the air inlet temperature to be 80 ℃, the air outlet temperature to be 40 ℃, drying for 20 minutes, and obtaining the coated fungus powder after the alcohol of the materials is completely evaporated, wherein the fungus powder has the fungus content of 26 hundred million CFU/g and the particle size of 0.2 mm.
(d) Mixing the organic fertilizer, wormcast and coating fungus powder, performing shot blasting granulation by adopting the prior art, granulating and drying to obtain granular fertilizer with the grain diameter of 1.5-3mm and the grain size of 90%, packaging into 30-40kg, and packaging by using a double-layer plastic bag.
Through detection, the effective viable count of the special fertilizer is 9.49 hundred million cfu/g, the calcium content is more than or equal to 3g/kg, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 8.27%, and the pH value is 5.89.
Example 4
The special biofertilizer for medium and severe saline-alkali soil comprises the following components in every 100 kg: 80kg of organic fertilizer, 3kg of water-retaining agent, 2kg of wormcast, 5kg of calcium fertilizer, 8kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 2kg of compound microbial agent are compounded, and the granular fertilizer is obtained after coating and granulation.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(a) preparing an organic fertilizer, mixing crushed mushroom dregs and cow dung according to a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 34:1, and performing indoor trough type composting fermentation for 36d, wherein after the fermentation is finished, the color of the organic fertilizer is black brown, no obvious odor exists, the index detection requirement is that the content of organic matters is 50.58%, the total nutrients reach 5.03%, the heavy metal detection does not exceed the standard, and the index detection meets the NY525 standard; the water content is controlled to be less than or equal to 30 percent by drying.
(b) Sequentially weighing calcium sulfate, urea and a sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent according to the component content, adding the weighed materials into the organic fertilizer under the normal temperature condition, and stirring and mixing to obtain the blended organic fertilizer.
(c) Preparing corresponding salt-tolerant bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis and bacillus megaterium powder according to the preparation method, wherein the compound microbial agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: b, bacillus subtilis: bacillus megaterium ═ 50: 25: 25, mixing and compounding.
Adding maltodextrin 10% of the volume of the mixture of the fungus powder, fully mixing the materials with alcohol, increasing the water content of the materials from the initial 30% to 60%, performing coating operation by using an FLP-3 multifunctional coating dryer, preferably selecting acrylic resin as a coating agent, adding 1L of the coating agent into 1.5kg of the materials, mixing, then feeding into the dryer, adjusting the air inlet temperature to be 80 ℃, the air outlet temperature to be 40 ℃, drying for 20 minutes, and obtaining the coated fungus powder after the alcohol of the materials is completely evaporated, wherein the fungus powder has the fungus content of 45 hundred million CFU/g and the particle size of 0.2 mm.
(d) Mixing the organic fertilizer, wormcast and coating fungus powder, performing shot blasting granulation by adopting the prior art, granulating and drying to obtain granular fertilizer with the grain diameter of 1.5-2.5mm and the grain size of 90%, packaging into 30-40kg, and packaging by using a double-layer plastic bag.
Through detection, the effective viable count of the special fertilizer is 12.8 hundred million cfu/g, the calcium content is more than or equal to 3g/kg, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 8.56 percent, and the pH value is 6.28.
Experimental example 1 application of special fertilizer for saline-alkali soil in planting sesbania on moderately-stained saline-alkali soil
Test site: coastal areas of Shandong province;
the test conditions are as follows: bohua agricultural resource agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery base, saline-alkali soil. Experimental setting of an experimental group and a control group, setting of 3 treatment groups and 1 control group, wherein each group selects saline-alkali soil with the saline-alkali soil salt content of 0.5 mu reaching 6.9 per mill;
control group: the fertilizer is not applied, and the fertilizer is not applied,
treatment group 1: the fertilizer is applied to 1500 kg/mu of organic fertilizer,
treatment group 2: fertilizing the conventional saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer by 1500 kg/mu,
treatment group 3: 1500 kg/mu of special fertilizer for fertilizing saline-alkali soil,
the special fertilizer for saline-alkali soil is selected from the special fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 1, the effective viable count of the fertilizer is 7.58 hundred million cfu/g, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the fertilizer is 9.28 percent, the calcium content of the fertilizer is more than or equal to 3g/kg, and the pH value of the fertilizer is 5.72; the organic fertilizer and the conventional saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer used in the treatment groups 1 and 2 are conventional products directly purchased from the market.
And (3) randomly selecting 0.5 mu land from the control group and the treatment group, and performing a saline-alkali soil improvement experiment, wherein the treatment group performs fertilizer application in spring and autumn according to the special fertilizer application standard, the fertilizer application period is one year, and the fertilizer application depth is 60 cm. Planting sesbania in the spring of the next year after 3 months, wherein the planting period is 6 months, harvesting the sesbania after 9 months according to the growth cycle of the sesbania, and detecting the growth indexes and soil related indexes of the sesbania: the survival rate and the plant height of sesbania are improved, the salt content, the organic matter content, the pH value, the viable count and the nitrogen content of soil are changed, and the index detection of the soil is monitored and analyzed according to national standards.
The detection of the relevant indexes is carried out in 10 months, and the application effects are as follows:
TABLE 1 soil index testing
TABLE 2 Sesbania survival rate and plant height index detection
| Index (I) | Survival rate (%) | Average plant height (m) |
| Control group | 11.6 | 1.02 |
| Treatment group 1 | 59.7 | 1.36 |
| Treatment group 2 | 69.3 | 1.78 |
| Treatment group 3 | 98.5 | 3.56 |
The results show that the soil indexes after the treatment group 3 is applied are superior to those of other treatment groups, the indexes such as the organic matter content of the soil can be obviously improved, and meanwhile, the survival rate and the plant height of the sesbania are obviously improved.
Experimental example 2 application of special fertilizer for saline-alkali soil in planting sesbania on moderate saline-alkali soil
Test site: coastal areas of Shandong province;
the test conditions are as follows: bohua agricultural resource agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery base, saline-alkali soil. Experimental setting of an experimental group and a control group, setting of 3 treatment groups and 1 control group, wherein each group selects saline-alkali soil with 0.5 mu of saline-alkali soil with the soil salinity reaching 8.7 per mill;
control group: the fertilizer is not applied, and the fertilizer is not applied,
treatment group 1: the fertilizer is applied to 2000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer,
treatment group 2: fertilizing the conventional saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer by 2000 kg/mu,
treatment group 3: the fertilizer special for saline-alkali soil is applied at 2000 kg/mu.
The special fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil is selected from the special fertilizer prepared in the example 2, the effective viable count is 6.58 hundred million cfu/g, the calcium content is more than or equal to 3g/kg, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 8.75%, and the pH value is 6.05; the organic fertilizer and the conventional saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer used in the treatment groups 1 and 2 were conventional products directly purchased from the market, and were the same as in experimental example 1.
And (3) randomly selecting 0.5 mu land from the control group and the treatment group, and performing a saline-alkali soil improvement experiment, wherein the treatment group performs fertilizer application in spring and autumn according to the special fertilizer application standard, the fertilizer application period is one year, and the fertilizer application depth is 60 cm. Planting sesbania in the spring of the next year after 3 months, wherein the planting period is 6 months, harvesting the sesbania after 9 months according to the growth cycle of the sesbania, and detecting the growth indexes and soil related indexes of the sesbania: the survival rate and the plant height of sesbania are improved, the salt content, the organic matter content, the pH value, the viable count and the nitrogen content of soil are changed, and the index detection of the soil is monitored and analyzed according to national standards.
The 10 month performance related metrics are as follows:
TABLE 1 soil index testing
TABLE 2 Sesbania survival rate and plant height index detection
| Index (I) | Survival rate (%) | Average plant height (m) |
| Control group | 12.5 | 0.89 |
| Treatment group 1 | 45.8 | 1.02 |
| Treatment group 2 | 57.6 | 1.14 |
| Treatment group 3 | 92.6 | 3.27 |
The results show that the soil indexes after the treatment group 3 is applied are superior to those of other treatment groups, the indexes such as the organic matter content of the soil can be obviously improved, and meanwhile, the survival rate and the plant height of the sesbania are obviously improved.
Experimental example 3 application of special fertilizer for saline-alkali soil in planting tamarix chinensis in severely-stained saline-alkali soil
Test site: coastal areas of Shandong province;
the test conditions are as follows: bohua agricultural resource agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery base, saline-alkali soil. Setting an experimental group and a control group in a test way, setting 4 treatment groups and 1 control group, wherein saline-alkali soil with the salt content of more than 16.5 per thousand is selected from 0.5 mu of saline-alkali soil in each group;
control group: the fertilizer is not applied, and the fertilizer is not applied,
treatment group 1: the fertilizer is applied to 2500 kg/mu of organic fertilizer,
treatment group 2: applying 2500 kg/mu of conventional saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer,
treatment group 3: 2500 kg/mu of special fertilizer for fertilizing saline-alkali soil,
the special fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil is selected from the special fertilizer prepared in example 3, the effective viable count of the fertilizer is 9.49 hundred million cfu/g, the calcium content is more than or equal to 3g/kg, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 8.27%, and the pH value is 5.89; the organic fertilizer and the conventional saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer used in the treatment groups 1 and 2 were conventional products directly purchased from the market, and were the same as in experimental example 1.
And (3) randomly selecting 0.5 mu land from the control group and the treatment group, and performing a saline-alkali soil improvement experiment, wherein the treatment group performs fertilizer application in spring and autumn according to the special fertilizer application standard, the fertilizer application period is one year, and the fertilizer application depth is 60 cm. And planting the Chinese tamarisk seedlings 3 months later in the second year after fertilization, wherein the planting period is 1 year, and after the test is finished, detecting the survival rate and the plant height growth vigor of the Chinese tamarisk, the change of the salinity, the organic matter, the pH value and the viable count of the soil, and monitoring and analyzing the index detection of the soil according to national standards.
The detection of related indexes is carried out in the next 4 months of the year, and the application effect is as follows:
TABLE 1 soil index testing
TABLE 2 Tamarix chinensis survival rate and plant height index detection
| Index (I) | Survival rate (percent) | Average plant height (m) |
| Control group | 11.6 | 0.56 |
| Treatment group 1 | 25.7 | 0.61 |
| Treatment group 2 | 47.9 | 0.72 |
| Treatment group 3 | 60.2 | 1.02 |
From the results, no matter the saline-alkali soil special fertilizer is applied to moderate saline-alkali soil or severe saline-alkali soil, the saline content of the soil can be greatly reduced, and soil organic matters, the number of effective viable bacteria and plant growth indexes can be increased.
Experimental example 4 application of special fertilizer for saline-alkali soil in planting tamarix chinensis in severely-stained saline-alkali soil
Test site: coastal areas of Shandong province;
the test conditions are as follows: bohua agricultural resource agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery base, saline-alkali soil. Setting an experimental group and a control group in a test way, setting 4 treatment groups and 1 control group, wherein each group selects saline-alkali soil with the salt content of more than 17 per mill in 0.5 mu of saline-alkali soil;
control group: the fertilizer is not applied, and the fertilizer is not applied,
treatment group 1: 3000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer is applied,
treatment group 2: applying 3000 kg/mu of conventional saline-alkali soil improving fertilizer,
treatment group 3: 3000 kg/mu of special fertilizer for fertilizing saline-alkali soil,
the special fertilizer for saline-alkali soil is selected from the special fertilizer prepared in example 4, the effective viable count of the fertilizer is 12.8 hundred million cfu/g, the calcium content is more than or equal to 3g/kg, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 8.56%, and the pH value is 6.28; the organic fertilizer and the conventional saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer used in the treatment groups 1 and 2 were conventional products directly purchased from the market, and were the same as in experimental example 1.
And (3) randomly selecting 0.5 mu land from the control group and the treatment group, and performing a saline-alkali soil improvement experiment, wherein the treatment group performs fertilizer application in spring and autumn according to the special fertilizer application standard, the fertilizer application period is one year, and the fertilizer application depth is 60 cm. And planting the Chinese tamarisk seedlings 3 months later in the second year after fertilization, wherein the planting period is 1 year, and after the test is finished, detecting the survival rate and the plant height growth vigor of the Chinese tamarisk, the change of the salinity, the organic matter, the pH value and the viable count of the soil, and monitoring and analyzing the index detection of the soil according to national standards.
The detection of related indexes is carried out in the next 4 months of the year, and the application effect is as follows:
TABLE 1 soil index testing
TABLE 2 Tamarix chinensis survival rate and plant height index detection
| Index (I) | Survival rate (‰) | Average plant height (m) |
| Control group | 13.8 | 0.48 |
| Treatment group 1 | 32.7 | 0.69 |
| Treatment group 2 | 48.5 | 0.84 |
| Treatment group 3 | 62.2 | 1.19 |
From the results, no matter the saline-alkali soil special fertilizer is applied to moderate saline-alkali soil or severe saline-alkali soil, the saline content of the soil can be greatly reduced, and soil organic matters, the number of effective viable bacteria and plant growth indexes can be increased.
The examples of the invention are given for the purpose of better illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the embodiments of the invention, and all the obvious variations and modifications of the technical solutions belonging to the invention are covered by the protection of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A special biofertilizer for moderate and severe saline-alkali soil is characterized in that: the fertilizer comprises, by weight, 50-80 parts of an organic fertilizer, 2-10 parts of a water-retaining agent, 3-10 parts of wormcast, 2-5 parts of a calcium fertilizer, 5-10 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer and 5-10 parts of a compound microbial agent; the bacterial amount of the whole biological fertilizer is more than 2 hundred million cfu/g;
the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing corn straw, cow dung and mushroom dregs serving as alternative raw materials according to different carbon-nitrogen ratios and fermenting the two materials;
the compound microbial agent is one or more of salt-tolerant bacillus licheniformis strains, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus cereus and bacillus megaterium.
2. The special biofertilizer for medium and severe saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the water-retaining agent is one of potassium polyacrylate and sodium polyacrylate;
the wormcast is a manure fertilizer obtained by breeding earthworms with a mixture of cow dung and straws;
the calcium fertilizer is calcium sulfate or calcium lactate;
the nitrogen fertilizer is one or more of urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate.
3. The special biofertilizer for medium and severe saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the salt-tolerant bacillus licheniformis strain is selected from bacillus licheniformis with the strain number of CGMCC18398, the bacillus subtilis is selected from bacillus subtilis with the strain number of ACCC19373, the bacillus licheniformis is selected from bacillus licheniformis with the strain number of ACCC02975, the bacillus cereus is selected from bacillus cereus ACCC10604, and the bacillus megaterium is selected from bacillus megaterium with the strain number of ACCC 10010.
4. The special biofertilizer for medium and severe saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the compound microbial agent is mainly salt-tolerant bacillus licheniformis which accounts for 50 wt%, and one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus cereus and bacillus megaterium are matched in the balance.
5. The special biofertilizer for medium and severe saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the total nutrient is more than or equal to 5 percent.
6. A preparation method of a special biofertilizer for improving moderate and severe saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation steps are as follows:
(a) preparing an organic fertilizer, and drying the moisture of the organic fertilizer until the moisture is less than or equal to 30%;
(b) sequentially weighing calcium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and water-retaining agent according to the proportion, adding the weighed materials into the organic fertilizer at normal temperature or 20-30 ℃, stirring and mixing to obtain a blended organic fertilizer;
(c) weighing bacillus taking salt-tolerant bacillus as a main component and bacillus taking auxiliary component according to a proportion, and coating to obtain coated bacterium powder;
(d) mixing the mixed organic fertilizer, the coating bacterial powder and the wormcast, carrying out shot blasting granulation, drying to obtain a granular fertilizer with the grain size of 1-3mm and the grain size of 90%, packaging into 30-40kg, and packaging by using a double-layer plastic bag.
7. The preparation method of the special biofertilizer for medium and heavy saline-alkali soil according to claim 6, characterized by comprising the following steps: the coating process in step (c) is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps of mixing the bacterial powder according to a ratio at normal temperature to obtain mixed bacterial powder, and then coating the mixed bacterial powder in a coating machine, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) after the fungus powder mixture is prepared, maltodextrin or microcrystalline cellulose which is 5-10% of the volume of the fungus powder mixture is added, and the moisture of the material is increased from the initial 30% to 50-60% after the material is fully mixed with alcohol;
(2) coating with a coating dryer, selecting acrylic resin as a coating agent, adding 1L of the coating agent into 1.5kg of materials, mixing, feeding into the dryer, adjusting the air inlet temperature to 70-80 ℃ and the air outlet temperature to 40 ℃, drying for 10-20 minutes, and obtaining coated fungus powder after the alcohol of the materials is completely evaporated, wherein the particle size of the coated fungus powder is kept within 0.2 mm.
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