CN106083493A - A kind of composite microbiological fertilizer reducing Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of composite microbiological fertilizer reducing Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106083493A CN106083493A CN201610414168.6A CN201610414168A CN106083493A CN 106083493 A CN106083493 A CN 106083493A CN 201610414168 A CN201610414168 A CN 201610414168A CN 106083493 A CN106083493 A CN 106083493A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of composite microbiological fertilizer reducing Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage and preparation method thereof, belong to bio-organic fertilizer field.It comprises many fertiliser granulates, and every fertiliser granulates includes kernel, intermediate layer and outer layer the most successively.Kernel includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, mineral powder and binding agent.Intermediate layer includes flyash and humic acids.Outer layer includes animal wastes, corn straw, shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel, albumen thing and the first microbial bacterial agent.By the first raw material mixing granulation during preparation, obtain the first fertiliser granulates.Second raw material is attached to the surface of the first fertiliser granulates and obtains the second fertiliser granulates.3rd fermenting raw materials obtains the first mixture.First mixture is attached to the surface of the second fertiliser granulates and obtains composite microbiological fertilizer granule.Use the composite microbiological fertilizer that the present invention obtains and can reduce the number of times topdressed, and the yield and quality of Nicotiana tabacum L. can be significantly improved, reduce ground discharging worms harm.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to bio-organic fertilizer field, reduce the compound of Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage in particular to a kind of
Microbial manure and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Nicotiana tabacum L. is a kind of industrial crops, and tobacco leaf production provides raw material for tobacco industry.Nicotiana tubular flower subject, Solanaceae one
Year life or limited herbaceos perennial, base portion slightly lignifying.Nicotiana tabacum L. produces into various tobacco product by industrial processes, meets cigarette
The needs of people's consumption.Though tobacco product is not the necessary that people live, but become in numerous smokers life indispensable addicted to
Good product.
Along with the expansion year by year of tobacco planting area, vega continuous cropping is the phenomenon that a lot of cigarette district exists.The Some Species cigarette time
Longer High Quality Tobacco district often occurs: continuous cropping phenomenon is serious, and disease pest harm increases the weight of, the non-equilibrium enrichment of soil nutrient and depletion；
Zhi Yan district farmland ecological environment deteriorates；Quality of tobacco declines, degradation under productivity effect.
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of composite microbiological fertilizer reducing Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage, and it has
Improve soil can mineralising organic carbon pool, improve tobacco root microecological environment, reduce the function of tobacco disease Pests Damage；Can reach
To improving tobacco seedling survival rate, growth rate, the effect of quality of tobacco.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation of a kind of composite microbiological fertilizer reducing Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage
Method, the method, can either make with humic acids and flyash peplos intermediate layer reasonably with highly-saline chemical fertilizer as kernel
It is isolated with reducing disease, the organic principle of expulsion insect pest and beneficial microbe microbial inoculum outer layer, the beneficially plantation of Nicotiana tabacum L..
The present invention realizes by the following technical solutions:
A kind of composite microbiological fertilizer reducing Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage, composite microbiological fertilizer comprises many fertilizer
Grain.Every fertiliser granulates includes kernel, intermediate layer and outer layer the most successively.Kernel is obtained by the first mixed raw material.First
Raw material includes the nitrogenous fertilizer of 8～12 weight portions；The phosphate fertilizer of 5～9 weight portions；The potash fertilizer of 10～14 weight portions；The ore deposit of 4～8 weight portions
Thing powder；The binding agent of 0.2～0.3 weight portion.Intermediate layer is obtained by the second mixed raw material.Second raw material includes 2.5～4.0 weight
The flyash of part；The humic acids of 2～3 weight portions.Outer layer is prepared by the 3rd fermenting raw materials.3rd raw material includes 22～30 weight portions
Animal wastes；The corn straw of 14～20 weight portions；The shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel of 8～10 weight portions；The albumen thing of 5～8 weight portions；0.3
～0.4 first microbial bacterial agent of weight portion.At least one in Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs or bean cake of albumen thing.
The preparation method of the composite microbiological fertilizer of a kind of above-mentioned reduction Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage, comprises the steps: system
Standby kernel step: by nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, mineral powder and binding agent mixing granulation, it is thus achieved that the first fertiliser granulates.In the middle of preparation
Layer step: flyash and humic acids are mixed the surface being attached to the first fertiliser granulates, it is thus achieved that the second fertiliser granulates.Prepare outer layer
Step: the 3rd raw material mixed fermentation is obtained the first mixture.Prepare fertiliser granulates step: the first mixture is attached to second
The surface of fertiliser granulates obtains fertiliser granulates.
The composite microbiological fertilizer of the reduction Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage that presently preferred embodiments of the present invention provides and preparation side thereof
Method provides the benefit that:
The composite microbiological fertilizer reducing Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage that the present invention provides, animal wastes and corn straw can
Regulation soil physics structure, provides the nutrition such as abundant carbon source, nitrogen source, phosphorus source for soil microorganism；First Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs or bean cake are
Heterotroph bacterium provides the compositions such as power, the Fructus Gleditsia in help fast decoupled shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel, reaches to expel soil insect pest, suppress disease
Purpose, secondly provides high-quality nutrition and biostimulant for soil microorganism and crop, and this is all beneficial to the growth of plant.Humic acids
With flyash as the complexing of metal ion in coated fertilizer, with soil, fertilizer, both can play slow releasing function, be conducive to battalion
Support element by infiltration or transpiration to blade transmission, enough nutrients are provided in nutritional need peak period.
Additionally, reduce the preparation method of the composite microbiological fertilizer of Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage, with chemical fertilizer as kernel, both
Avoid the volatilization of nitrogen, again by itself and suppression disease, the organic principle of expulsion insect pest and the isolation of beneficial microbe microbial inoculum, protect
Hold the activity of microbial bacterial agent.Tobacco diseases can be suppressed, reduce insect pest, provide the effect got twice the result with half the effort for tobacco planting
Really.By the reduction Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage material of microorganism directional decomposition gained, more conventional chemicals human body danger is little.
By humic acids and flyash being attached to the surface of fertiliser granulates, it is to avoid the deliquescence of kernel fertilizer, enhance organic-inorganic
Cooperative effect between raw material, thus taken into account shot and long term fertilizer efficiency, reduce the number of times that topdresses.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, below by embodiment required use attached
Figure is briefly described, it will be appreciated that the following drawings illustrate only certain embodiments of the present invention, and it is right to be therefore not construed as
The restriction of scope, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, it is also possible to according to this
A little accompanying drawings obtain other relevant accompanying drawings and fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of the fertiliser granulates of the composite microbiological fertilizer that embodiments of the invention obtain.
Reference collects:
Kernel 100；Intermediate layer 200；Outer layer 300.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the purpose of the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below will be in the embodiment of the present invention
Technical scheme be clearly and completely described.In embodiment, unreceipted actual conditions person, builds according to normal condition or manufacturer
The condition of view is carried out.Agents useful for same or instrument unreceipted production firm person, being can be by the commercially available conventional product bought and obtain
Product.
Composite microbiological fertilizer that the embodiment of the present invention reduces Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage and preparation method thereof enters below
Row illustrates.
A kind of composite microbiological fertilizer reducing Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage, this composite microbiological fertilizer comprises many fertilizer
Grain.Every fertiliser granulates includes kernel, intermediate layer and outer layer the most successively.Kernel is obtained by the first mixed raw material.The
One raw material includes the nitrogenous fertilizer of 8～12 weight portions；The phosphate fertilizer of 5～9 weight portions；The potash fertilizer of 10～14 weight portions；4～8 weight portions
Mineral powder；The binding agent of 0.2～0.3 weight portion.Intermediate layer is obtained by the second mixed raw material.Second raw material includes 2.5～4.0 weights
The flyash of amount part；The humic acids of 2～3 weight portions.Outer layer is prepared by the 3rd fermenting raw materials.3rd raw material includes 22～30 weight
The animal wastes of part；The corn straw of 14～20 weight portions；The shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel of 8～10 weight portions；The albumen thing of 5～8 weight portions；
First microbial bacterial agent of 0.3～0.4 weight portion.At least one in Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs or bean cake of albumen thing.
More preferably formula is: the first raw material includes the nitrogenous fertilizer of 10～12 weight portions；The phosphate fertilizer of 5～7 weight portions；12～
The potash fertilizer of 14 weight portions；The mineral powder of 5～6 weight portions；The binding agent of 0.2 weight portion.Intermediate layer is obtained by the second mixed raw material.
Second raw material includes the flyash of 2.5～3.0 weight portions；The humic acids of 2～3 weight portions.Outer layer is prepared by the 3rd fermenting raw materials.
3rd raw material includes the animal wastes of 22～25 weight portions；The corn straw of 16～18 weight portions；The oil tea of 9～10 weight portions
Shell；The albumen thing of 7～8 weight portions；The microbial bacterial agent of 0.4 weight portion.
The preparation method of the composite microbiological fertilizer of above-mentioned reduction Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage, comprises the steps:
S1 prepares kernel step: by nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, mineral powder and binding agent mixing granulation, it is thus achieved that the first fertilizer
Grain.Will the first raw material mixing granulation.
Holding above-mentioned, the first raw material includes the nitrogenous fertilizer of 8～12 weight portions；The phosphate fertilizer of 5～9 weight portions；10～14 weight portions
Potash fertilizer；The mineral powder of 4～8 weight portions；The binding agent of 0.2～0.3 weight portion.
As preferably, nitrogenous fertilizer can be carbamide, phosphate fertilizer be MAP, potash fertilizer be potassium sulfate, mineral powder be bentonite, viscous
Mixture is sodium silicate.These nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, mineral powder and binding agent are the most relatively common, and the source of raw material is abundanter,
Cost is relatively low.Mineral powder is used for regulating soil aciditiy, improves pelletize granulating rate.
First fertiliser granulates can use drum granulating equipment pelletize nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, mineral powder and binding agent to be mixed
Conjunction pelletize forms, and the particle diameter of the first fertiliser granulates is 1mm～2mm, and particle diameter is too big, and the inorganic fertilizer in the first fertiliser granulates is described
Content too much, the fertility excess of soil can make tobacco leaf production speed slow, and death even occurs, and particle diameter is the least, illustrates first
The content of the inorganic fertilizer in fertiliser granulates is very few, it is impossible to give the fertility that Nicotiana tabacum L. is enough, and the fertilizer application frequency of the soil of Nicotiana tabacum L. needs
Increase, increase the workload of tobacco grower.Moisture is not more than 2wt%, and the moisture in the inorganic fertilizer of the first fertiliser granulates contains
Measure less, can improve the shelf-life of inorganic fertilizer, and prevent it from reducing the fertility of the first fertiliser granulates due to the effect of water.
S2 prepares intermediate layer step: flyash and humic acids mix the surface being attached to the first fertiliser granulates, it is thus achieved that the
Two fertiliser granulates.The surface being attached to the first fertiliser granulates will be mixed by second raw material.
Holding above-mentioned, the second raw material includes the flyash of 2.5～4.0 weight portions；The humic acids of 2～3 weight portions.
Flyash is dedusting pond, thermal power plant gained, then pulverizes not less than 200 mesh.Humic acid can select fulvic acid,
As preferably, granularity can be selected to be not less than 200 mesh, the chemical purity fulvic acid not less than 92wt%.It is easier to flyash
Forming uniform coating layer, pelletize granulating rate is high, low cost.Advantageously in fulvic acid and flyash as covering material, attached
In the surface of the first fertiliser granulates, and with the complexing of metal ion in soil, fertilizer, slow release composite microbe fertilizer can be played
The effect of fertility of material, and beneficially nutrient by infiltration or transpiration to the blade transmission of Nicotiana tabacum L., on nutritional need peak
Phase provides enough nutrients.Meanwhile, the primary solids refuse that flyash produces as thermal power plant, this preparation method is given up
Thing utilizes, and is also beneficial to the protection of environment.
Second fertiliser granulates uses disc granulation equipment that flyash and fulvic acid are attached to the surface of the first fertiliser granulates
And obtain.And the second fertiliser granulates natural cooling is air-dried, it is possible to prevent fulvic acid to be destroyed, it is ensured that the activity of fulvic acid.
S3 prepares outer layer step: the 3rd raw material mixed fermentation obtains the first mixture, and is attached to by the first mixture
The surface of the second fertiliser granulates obtains fertiliser granulates.
Holding above-mentioned, the 3rd raw material includes the animal wastes of 22～30 weight portions；The corn straw of 14～20 weight portions；8～
The shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel of 10 weight portions；The albumen thing of 5～8 weight portions, at least one in Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs or bean cake of albumen thing；0.3～
The microbial bacterial agent of 0.4 weight portion.
3rd raw material mixed fermentation is obtained the first mixture fermented at twice.First fermentation step is by animal excreta
Just mix with corn straw, inoculate the first microbial bacterial agent, after aerobic fermentation, obtain the first fermented product.
In order to preferably reach animal wastes and corn straw are carried out the purpose of fermentation maturity, and make that it obtains second
The nutritional labeling of mixture is higher.As preferably, the first fermented product is prepared by the following manner: first regulation animal wastes and corn stalk
The moisture of the mixture of stalk to after 45wt%～55wt%, is inoculated the first microbial bacterial agent and is gone forward side by side aerobe fermentation of acting charitably, fully
Be aged a period of time, such as ageing 2～3 weeks after becoming thoroughly decomposed, it is thus achieved that the moisture of the first fermented product be 30wt%～40wt%.
Wherein: at least one in cattle manure and sheep stool of animal wastes.Cattle manure and sheep stool be dry clear excrement, i.e. cattle manure and
Moisture in sheep stool is the lowest, and the when of being conducive to fermenting, regulation animal wastes contain with the moisture of the mixture of corn straw
Amount, the carrying out of convenient fermentation, reach good ferment effect, and convenient control nutrient adjuvant.Containing crude protein in dry cattle manure
10wt%～20wt%, crude fat 1wt%～3wt%, crude fibre 15wt%～30wt%, therefore have the highest nutrient.Dry
Sheep stool nitrogen content reaches 0.66wt%, and the content of organic matter is up to about 30wt%, its nitrogen content many a times than cattle manure.So,
As preferably, animal wastes are sheep stool, it is possible to provide the nutrition such as abundant carbon source, nitrogen source, phosphorus source for soil microorganism.
Corn straw is crushed to particle diameter before mixing with animal wastes and is not more than 5mm, is pulverized by corn straw,
Can preferably carry out fermentation maturity, and shorten the time of fermentation.
First microbial bacterial agent can include bacillus cereus, yeast, mycete and enterococcus faecalis.Wherein, brood cell bacterium can
Improve heap body nutrient type, suppression varied bacteria growing and foul smell.Yeast can improve osmotic pressure, protection beneficial microbe growth.
Mycete can provide organic little molecular energy, suppresses varied bacteria growing.Enterococcus faecalis can decompose heap body harmful components, suppresses miscellaneous bacteria
Growth.Remove the harmful components in animal wastes, make composite microbiological fertilizer will not produce niff, after fertilising, soil
In the increment of harmful miscellaneous bacteria reduce, and reduce the use of chemical pesticide, make soil be less likely to occur to harden, beneficially Tobacco Root
The aerobic respiration of system, improves the quality of Nicotiana tabacum L..
Second fermentation step is to mix albumen thing and shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel to ferment, and is dried acquisition under the conditions of less than 45 DEG C
Second fermented product.
As preferably, the second fermented product is prepared by the following manner: the moisture of the mixture of regulation albumen thing and shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel contains
Measure to 45wt%～55wt%, add after composite zymocyte ferments 2 days～4 days, then regulate moisture to 85wt%～
95wt%, continues fermentation 8 days～12 days, and is dried under the conditions of less than 45 DEG C to moisture to 30wt%～40wt% i.e.
?.
At least one in Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs or bean cake of albumen thing, Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs and bean cake all can provide battalion for heterotroph bacterium
Support, help the compositions such as Fructus Gleditsia in fast decoupled shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel, reach to expel soil insect pest, the purpose of suppression disease, secondly can
High-quality nutrition and the growth of biostimulant, beneficially Nicotiana tabacum L. is provided for soil microorganism and Nicotiana tabacum L..Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs or bean cake are with flower
The raw dregs of rice are better, and it has the albumen being more easy to be utilized by microorganism and more abundant organic mineral element.Shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel exists
It is crushed to particle diameter before mixing with Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs or bean cake and is not more than 2mm.Shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel have passed through pulverizing, it is possible to more quickly quilt
Heterotroph bacterium is decomposed, and shortens the time of fermentation.
Cold drying temperature is less than 45 DEG C, can eliminate the moisture of tunning, again will not be to the nutrient in product
Matter causes high temperature, beneficially the reservation of the organic substance of composite microbiological fertilizer, it is possible to provide abundant nutrition for soil
Material.It is preferred embodiment: oven drying at low temperature temperature is at 40 DEG C.
First fermented product and the second fermented product are mixed to get the first mixture.Afterwards, the first mixture is attached to
The surface of two fertiliser granulates obtains composite microbiological fertilizer granule.
The size of the fertiliser granulates of composite microbiological fertilizer is 1.5mm～2.5mm, it is ensured that the second fertiliser granulates
The amount of the first mixture of surface attachment is moderate, will not be owing to too much increasing cost, also will not be due to very few and make Nicotiana tabacum L. soil
The organic matter of earth can not reach the demand of Nicotiana tabacum L..PH value is 8.0～8.5, composite microbiological fertilizer neutrality meta-alkali, it is ensured that compound micro-
The activity of bio-feritlizer.Reach to improve tobacco seedling survival rate, growth rate and the purpose of quality of tobacco.
Composite microbiological fertilizer forms layer structure, with highly-saline chemical fertilizer as kernel, humic acids and flyash bag
Film is intermediate layer, isolates with reducing disease, the organic principle of expulsion insect pest and beneficial microbe microbial inoculum, the beneficially kind of Nicotiana tabacum L.
Plant.Meanwhile, the first mixture of outer layer be microbial manure have raising soil can mineralising organic carbon pool, improve tobacco root micro-
Ecological environment, reduces the function of tobacco disease Pests Damage, can reach to improve tobacco seedling survival rate, growth rate, Nicotiana tabacum L. product
The purpose of matter.This composite microbiological fertilizer defines good cooperative effect, regulates soil physics structure, improves the micro-life of soil
Thing structure of community, expulsion soil insect pest, suppress soil disease, improve tobacco rhizosphere secretions and microecological environment, fast Nicotiana tabacum L.
Chemistry available nutrient, the use of minimizing chemical pesticide, reduction baccy fiber content can be persistently provided when fast-growing is long-term thus carry
High cigarette quality, minimizing fertilizer application frequency, save labor.
S4 secondary inoculation step: the composite microbiological fertilizer obtained is inoculated the second microbial bacterial agent.Soil can be improved
Mineralising efficiency, improves soil microorganism and the structure of enzyme group and quantity.Second microbial bacterial agent includes huge brood cell bacterium, its tool
There is stationary state phosphorus, effect of slowly available potassium in soil of well degrading.
Embodiment 1
The preparation method of a kind of composite microbiological fertilizer reducing Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage, comprises the steps:
S1 prepares kernel step: use drum granulating equipment by the carbamide of 8 weight portions, the MAP of 5 weight portions, 10 weights
The amount potassium sulfate of part, the mineral powder mixing granulation of 4 weight portions, uniformly spraying 0.2 weight portion concentration in granulation process is 15wt%
Sodium silicate solution, obtain the first fertiliser granulates that moisture is 2wt%；
S2 prepares intermediate layer step: use disc granulation equipment by the flyash of 2.5 weight portions and the humic acids of 2 weight portions
It is attached to the surface of the first fertiliser granulates, obtains the second fertiliser granulates.Second fertiliser granulates uses the natural wind type of cooling, moisture
Content is 8wt%；
S3 prepares outer layer step: the cattle manure of 22 weight portions mixed with the corn straw of 14 weight portions, regulates moisture
To 45wt%, inoculating the first microbial bacterial agent of 0.3 weight portion, obtaining moisture by aerobic fermentation is the first of 30wt%
Fermented product；By the shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel mixing of the bean cake of 5 weight portions and the pulverizing of 8 weight portions, add the composite zymocyte of 0.2 weight portion,
Regulation moisture to 45wt% ferment 2 days, then regulate moisture to 85wt% ferment 8 days, at 45 DEG C, cold drying contains to moisture
Amount is 30wt%, forms the second fermented product；According to the ratio of 1:1, the first fermented product and the second fermented product are mixed to get first mix
Compound.And the first mixture and the second fertiliser granulates are mixed to get composite microbiological fertilizer granule according to 2:1 ratio.
Fertiliser granulates is detected, obtains table 1.
Table 1: the index of correlation of the fertiliser granulates that embodiment 1 obtains
As it can be seen from table 1 the indices of the fertiliser granulates of composite microbiological fertilizer meets organic fertilizer standard
(NY525-2012), its total nutrient and organic content are higher, and can effectively suppress the growth of miscellaneous bacteria, kill ascarid
The plantation of ovum, beneficially Nicotiana tabacum L..
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of the fertiliser granulates of the composite microbiological fertilizer that the present embodiment obtains.Refer to Fig. 1, this enforcement
In example, kernel 100 is the first fertiliser granulates that carbamide, MAP, potassium sulfate and mineral powder are prepared by drum granulating technology
I.e. kernel, intermediate layer 200 is humic acid and flyash, and the surface using disc granulation technology to be attached to the first fertiliser granulates obtains
Second fertiliser granulates and intermediate layer, outer layer 300 is that cattle manure, corn straw, shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel and bean cake are by having of obtaining after fermentation
Machine material and outer layer, obtain fertiliser granulates by mechanical mixture on the surface of the second fertiliser granulates.By humic acid and flyash
The inorganic fertilizer of highly-saline kernel 100 kept apart with the organic fertilizer of outer layer 300, and reduces disease, expulsion insect pest
Organic principle and the isolation of beneficial microbe microbial inoculum, the beneficially plantation of Nicotiana tabacum L..
Reference examples 1
Use the pulverizing of the cattle manure of 22 weight portions, the corn straw of 14 weight portions, the bean cake of 5 weight portions and 8 weight portions
Shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel, the carbamide of 8 weight portions, the MAP of 5 weight portions, the potassium sulfate etc. of 10 weight portions regulate and become the organic of equal size
Nutritious fertilizer.The nutrient control treatment such as organic-inorganic is after mixing.
With the Nicotiana tabacum L. of Longjiang 911 kind as subjects, use the composite microbiological fertilizer of embodiment 1 or reference examples 1
Composite microbiological fertilizer obtains table 2.
Table 2: use embodiment 1 or the leading indicator of a kind of Nicotiana tabacum L. planted of reference examples
From Table 2, it can be seen that compared with reference examples 1, by using planting of the composite microbiological fertilizer of embodiment 1
To the Major Pests incidence rate of Nicotiana tabacum L. and disease incidence have significantly minimizing, tobacco production and better-than-average cigarette ratio have substantially
Raising, illustrate that the composite microbiological fertilizer of the present invention can effectively reduce the incidence rate of Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage, and can
Improve yield and the quality of Nicotiana tabacum L. of Nicotiana tabacum L..
Embodiment 2
The preparation method of a kind of composite microbiological fertilizer reducing Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage, comprises the steps:
S1 prepares kernel step: use drum granulating equipment by the carbamide of 12 weight portions, the MAP of 9 weight portions, 14
The potassium sulfate of weight portion, the mineral powder mixing granulation of 8 weight portions, uniformly spraying 0.3 weight portion concentration in granulation process is
The sodium silicate solution of 15wt%, obtains the first fertiliser granulates that moisture is 2wt%；
S2 prepares intermediate layer step: use disc granulation equipment by attached to the flyash of 4 weight portions and the humic acids of 3 weight portions
In the surface of the first fertiliser granulates, obtain the second fertiliser granulates.Second fertiliser granulates uses the natural wind type of cooling, and moisture contains
Amount is 8wt%；
S3 prepares outer layer step: the cattle manure of 30 weight portions mixed with the corn straw of 20 weight portions, regulates moisture
To 55wt%, inoculating the first microbial bacterial agent of 0.4 weight portion, obtaining moisture by aerobic fermentation is the first of 40wt%
Fermented product；By the shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel mixing of the bean cake of 8 weight portions and the pulverizing of 10 weight portions, add the composite zymocyte of 0.2 weight portion,
Regulation moisture to 55wt% ferment 4 days, then regulate moisture to 95wt% ferment 12 days, at 40 DEG C, cold drying contains to moisture
Amount is 40wt%, forms the second fermented product；First fermented product and the second fermented product are mixed to get the first mixing according to 1:1 ratio
Thing.
And the first mixture and the second fertiliser granulates are mixed to get fertiliser granulates according to 2:1 ratio.
S4 secondary inoculation step: fertiliser granulates is inoculated huge brood cell's mushroom of 0.2 weight portion, the complex microorganism obtained
Fertiliser granulates.
Composite microbiological fertilizer granule is detected, obtains table 3.
Table 3: the index of correlation of the final fertiliser granulates that embodiment 2 obtains
From table 3 it can be seen that the indices of composite microbiological fertilizer granule meets organic fertilizer standard (NY525-
2012), its total nutrient and organic content are higher, and can effectively suppress the growth of miscellaneous bacteria, kill roundworm egg, are conducive to
The plantation of Nicotiana tabacum L..
Reference examples 2
Use the cattle manure of 30 weight portions, the corn straw of 20 weight portions, the Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs of 8 weight portions and the pulverizing of 10 weight portions
Shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel, the carbamide of 12 weight portions, the MAP of 9 weight portions, the regulation such as potassium sulfate of 14 weight portions become equal size
Organic nutrition fertilizers.The nutrient control treatment such as organic-inorganic is after mixing.
With the Nicotiana tabacum L. of Longjiang 911 kind as subjects, use the composite microbiological fertilizer of embodiment 1 or reference examples 1
Composite microbiological fertilizer obtains table 4.
Table 4: use embodiment 1 or the leading indicator of a kind of Nicotiana tabacum L. planted of reference examples
As can be seen from Table 4, compared with reference examples 2, by using planting of the composite microbiological fertilizer of embodiment 2
To the Major Pests incidence rate of Nicotiana tabacum L. and disease incidence have significantly minimizing, tobacco production, better-than-average cigarette ratio and soil
Cation exchange capacity (CEC) is significantly improved, and illustrates that the composite microbiological fertilizer of the present invention can make the nutrient maintenance dose of soil more
Height, effectively reduces the incidence rate of Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage, and can improve the yield of Nicotiana tabacum L. and the quality of Nicotiana tabacum L..
Embodiment 3
The preparation method of a kind of composite microbiological fertilizer reducing Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage, comprises the steps:
S1 prepares kernel step: use drum granulating equipment by the carbamide of 8 weight portions, the MAP of 6 weight portions, 11 weights
The amount potassium sulfate of part, the mineral powder mixing granulation of 4.3 weight portions, uniformly spraying 0.2 weight portion concentration in granulation process is
The sodium silicate solution of 15wt%, obtains the first fertiliser granulates that moisture is 1wt%；
S2 prepares intermediate layer step: use disc granulation equipment by the flyash of 2.5 weight portions and the humic acids of 2 weight portions
It is attached to the surface of the first fertiliser granulates, obtains the second fertiliser granulates.Second fertiliser granulates uses the natural wind type of cooling, moisture
Content is 8wt%；
S3 prepares outer layer step: by sheep stool and the corn straw mixing of 18 weight portions of 28 weight portions, regulate moisture
To 50wt%, inoculating the first microbial bacterial agent of 0.4 weight portion, obtaining moisture by aerobic fermentation is the first of 38wt%
Fermented product；By the shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel mixing of the bean cake of 7 weight portions and the pulverizing of 9 weight portions, add the composite zymocyte of 0.2 weight portion,
Regulation moisture to 50wt% ferment 3 days, then regulate moisture to 90wt% ferment 10 days, at 40 DEG C, cold drying contains to moisture
Amount is 36wt%, forms the second fermented product；According to the ratio of 1:1, the first fermented product and the second fermented product are mixed to get first mix
Compound.
And the first mixture and the second fertiliser granulates are mixed to get fertiliser granulates according to 2:1 ratio.
S4 secondary inoculation step: fertiliser granulates is inoculated huge brood cell's mushroom of 0.15 weight portion, obtains complex microorganism
Fertiliser granulates.
Composite microbiological fertilizer granule is detected, obtains table 5.
Table 5: the index of correlation of the final fertiliser granulates that embodiment 3 obtains
As can be seen from Table 5, the indices of composite microbiological fertilizer granule meets organic fertilizer standard (NY525-
2012), its total nutrient and organic content are higher, and can effectively suppress the growth of miscellaneous bacteria, kill roundworm egg, are conducive to
The plantation of Nicotiana tabacum L..
Reference examples 3
Use the pulverizing of the sheep stool of 28 weight portions, the corn straw of 18 weight portions, the bean cake of 7 weight portions and 9 weight portions
Shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel, the carbamide of 8 weight portions, the MAP of 6 weight portions, the potassium sulfate etc. of 11 weight portions regulate and become the organic of equal size
Nutritious fertilizer.The nutrient control treatment such as organic-inorganic is after mixing.
With the Nicotiana tabacum L. of Longjiang 911 kind as subjects, use the composite microbiological fertilizer of embodiment 1 or reference examples 1
Composite microbiological fertilizer obtains table 6.
Table 6: use embodiment 3 or the leading indicator of 3 kinds of Nicotiana tabacum L.s planted of reference examples
As can be seen from Table 6, compared with reference examples 3, by using planting of the composite microbiological fertilizer of embodiment 3
To the Major Pests incidence rate of Nicotiana tabacum L. and disease incidence have a significantly minimizing, the soil organism, Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils,
Soil Available nitrogen, soil quick-effective phosphor, soil available nitrogen tobacco production and better-than-average cigarette ratio etc. are all significantly improved, and this is described
The composite microbiological fertilizer of invention can make the nutrient maintenance dose of soil higher, and the utilization rate of inorganic fertilizer increases, and minimizing is topdressed
Number of times, meanwhile, effectively reduce the incidence rate of Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage, and the yield of Nicotiana tabacum L. and the product of Nicotiana tabacum L. can be improved
Matter.
Embodiment 4
The preparation method of a kind of composite microbiological fertilizer reducing Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage, comprises the steps:
S1 prepares kernel step: use drum granulating equipment by the carbamide of 11 weight portions, the MAP of 6 weight portions, 13
The potassium sulfate of weight portion, the mineral powder mixing granulation of 6.8 weight portions, uniformly spraying 0.2 weight portion concentration in granulation process is
The sodium silicate solution of 15wt%, obtains the first fertiliser granulates that moisture is 1.5wt%；
S2 prepares intermediate layer step: use disc granulation equipment by the flyash of 2.5 weight portions and the humic acids of 2 weight portions
It is attached to the surface of the first fertiliser granulates, obtains the second fertiliser granulates.Second fertiliser granulates uses the natural wind type of cooling, moisture
Content is 9wt%；
S3 prepares outer layer step: by sheep stool and the corn straw mixing of 16 weight portions of 24 weight portions, regulate moisture
To 50wt%, inoculating the first microbial bacterial agent of 0.4 weight portion, obtaining moisture by aerobic fermentation is the first of 36wt%
Fermented product；By the shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel mixing of the bean cake of 6 weight portions and the pulverizing of 10 weight portions, add the composite zymocyte of 0.2 weight portion,
Regulation moisture to 50wt% ferment 3 days, then regulate moisture to 90wt% ferment 10 days, at 43 DEG C, cold drying contains to moisture
Amount is 39wt%, forms the second fermented product；First fermented product and the second fermented product are mixed to get the first mixing according to 1:1 ratio
Thing.
And the first mixture and the second fertiliser granulates are mixed to get fertiliser granulates according to 2:1 ratio.
S4 secondary inoculation step: fertiliser granulates is inoculated huge brood cell's mushroom of 0.2 weight portion, obtains composite microbe fertilizer
Material granule.
Composite microbiological fertilizer granule is detected, obtains table 7.
Table 7: the index of correlation of the final fertiliser granulates that embodiment 4 obtains
As can be seen from Table 7, the indices of composite microbiological fertilizer granule meets organic fertilizer standard (NY525-
2012), its total nutrient and organic content are higher, and can effectively suppress the growth of miscellaneous bacteria, kill roundworm egg, are conducive to
The plantation of Nicotiana tabacum L..
Reference examples 4
Use the sheep stool of 24 weight portions, the corn straw of 16 weight portions, the Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs of 6 weight portions and the pulverizing of 9 weight portions
Shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel, the carbamide of 11 weight portions, the MAP of 6 weight portions, the regulation such as potassium sulfate of 13 weight portions become equal size
Organic nutrition fertilizers.The nutrient control treatment such as organic-inorganic is after mixing.
With the Nicotiana tabacum L. of Longjiang 911 kind as subjects, use the composite microbiological fertilizer of embodiment 1 or reference examples 1
Composite microbiological fertilizer obtains table 8.
Table 8: use embodiment 4 or the leading indicator of 4 kinds of Nicotiana tabacum L.s planted of reference examples
As can be seen from Table 8, compared with reference examples 4, by using planting of the composite microbiological fertilizer of embodiment 4
To the Major Pests incidence rate of Nicotiana tabacum L. and disease incidence have a significantly minimizing, the soil organism, Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils,
Tobacco production and better-than-average cigarette ratio are significantly improved, and illustrate that the composite microbiological fertilizer of the present invention can make the nutrient of soil
Maintenance dose is higher, effectively reduces the incidence rate of Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage, and can improve the yield of Nicotiana tabacum L. and the quality of Nicotiana tabacum L..
Embodiments described above is a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole embodiments.The reality of the present invention
The detailed description executing example is not intended to limit the scope of claimed invention, but is merely representative of the selected enforcement of the present invention
Example.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under not making creative work premise
Every other embodiment, broadly falls into the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. reducing a composite microbiological fertilizer for Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage, described composite microbiological fertilizer comprises many and is combined micro-
Bio-feritlizer granule, it is characterised in that every composite microbiological fertilizer granule includes kernel, intermediate layer and outer the most successively
Layer, described kernel is obtained by the first mixed raw material, and described first raw material includes the nitrogenous fertilizer of 8～12 weight portions；5～9 weight portions
Phosphate fertilizer；The potash fertilizer of 10～14 weight portions；The mineral powder of 4～8 weight portions；The binding agent of 0.2～0.3 weight portion；
Described intermediate layer is obtained by the second mixed raw material, and described second raw material includes the flyash of 2.5～4.0 weight portions；2～3
The humic acids of weight portion；
Described outer layer is prepared by the 3rd fermenting raw materials, and described 3rd raw material includes the animal wastes of 22～30 weight portions；14～20
The corn straw of weight portion；The shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel of 8～10 weight portions；The albumen thing of 5～8 weight portions；The first of 0.3～0.4 weight portion
Microbial bacterial agent, at least one in Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs or bean cake of described albumen thing.
The composite microbiological fertilizer reducing Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described dynamic
At least one in cattle manure and sheep stool of thing feces.
The composite microbiological fertilizer reducing Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described corruption
Phytic acid is fulvic acid, and the granularity of described fulvic acid is not less than 200 mesh, and chemical purity is not less than 92wt%.
The composite microbiological fertilizer reducing Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described the
One microbial bacterial agent includes bacillus cereus, yeast, mycete and enterococcus faecalis.
5. the preparation of the composite microbiological fertilizer reducing Nicotiana tabacum L. underground pest and disease damage as described in any one of Claims 1 to 4
Method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
By described nitrogenous fertilizer, described phosphate fertilizer, described potash fertilizer, described mineral powder and described binding agent mixing granulation, it is thus achieved that the first fertilizer
Granule；
Described flyash and described humic acids are mixed the surface being attached to described first fertiliser granulates, it is thus achieved that the second fertilizer
Grain；And
Described 3rd raw material mixed fermentation is obtained the first mixture, and described first mixture is attached to described second fertilizer
The surface of granule obtains described composite microbiological fertilizer granule.
Preparation method the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that also include the described composite microbiological fertilizer obtained
Inoculating the step of the second microbial bacterial agent, described second microbial bacterial agent includes huge brood cell bacterium.
Preparation method the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described 3rd raw material mixed fermentation is obtained described the
One mixture includes:
Described animal wastes are mixed with described corn straw, inoculates described first microbial bacterial agent, obtain after aerobic fermentation
First fermented product；
Described albumen thing and described shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel are mixed and ferments, and under the conditions of less than 45 DEG C, be dried acquisition the second fermentation
Thing；And
Described first fermented product and described second fermented product are mixed to get described first mixture.
Preparation method the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described corn straw is mixing with described animal wastes
Before be crushed to particle diameter and be not more than 5mm, described shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel is crushed to particle diameter before mixing with described albumen thing and is not more than
2mm。
Preparation method the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described first fermented product is prepared by the following manner: adjust
Save the moisture of mixture of described animal wastes and described corn straw to after 45wt%～55wt%, inoculate described micro-life
Thing microbial inoculum is gone forward side by side aerobe fermentation of acting charitably, it is thus achieved that the moisture of described first fermented product be 30wt%～40wt%.
Preparation method the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described second fermented product is prepared by the following manner: adjust
Save the moisture of mixture of described albumen thing and described shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel to 45wt%～55wt%, after fermenting 2 days～4 days, then
Regulation moisture to 85wt%～95wt%, continues fermentation 8 days～12 days, and is dried under the conditions of less than 45 DEG C to moisture and contains
Measure to 30wt%～40wt%.
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