CN111944530A - Improvement formula and improvement method for greenhouse soil of new facility - Google Patents

Improvement formula and improvement method for greenhouse soil of new facility Download PDF

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CN111944530A
CN111944530A CN202010715786.0A CN202010715786A CN111944530A CN 111944530 A CN111944530 A CN 111944530A CN 202010715786 A CN202010715786 A CN 202010715786A CN 111944530 A CN111944530 A CN 111944530A
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余晓明
于家伊
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Beijing Standard Younong Technology Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract

The invention provides an improvement formula and an improvement method for greenhouse soil of new facilities, aiming at solving various problems of poor soil of greenhouse vegetables and inventing a comprehensive soil improvement formula and an implementation scheme according to the principles of scientific benchmarking and dialectical compatibility. 1. The formula is organic, environment-friendly and ecological. 2. The implementation method is simple and quick. 3. The main components of the formula are derived from kitchen organic matters, and the reutilization of the kitchen organic matters not only solves the pressure of environmental protection, but also provides high-quality organic matters and other nutrient elements for improving the quality of cultivated land. 4. The usage amount of the fertilizer is reduced by 20-30%.

Description

Improvement formula and improvement method for greenhouse soil of new facility
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to an improvement formula and an improvement method for greenhouse soil with new facilities.
Background
The facility agriculture of China is developed rapidly, the industrial structure is gradually improved, particularly the continuous development of the facility vegetable industry, the annual supply of fresh vegetables is guaranteed, the amplitude of the price of the vegetables in light and busy seasons is reduced, the employment in urban and rural areas and the income increase of farmers are promoted, the energy conservation and emission reduction are promoted, the efficient utilization way of uncultivated areas is opened up, and the leisure agriculture and the tourism in rural areas are promoted. At present, the area of the facility vegetables in China reaches 6000 to more than ten thousand mu, and the facility vegetables grow at the speed of 80 ten thousand mu every year. With the constant increase of the vegetable area of the facility, the new vegetable greenhouse inevitably uses part or all of the uncultivated barren soil. Characteristics of barren soils include: 1. the nutrition is insufficient. 2. The organic matter content of the soil is extremely low, and 3. the ecological imbalance of soil microorganisms is avoided. 4. Poor soil aggregate structure, hardening, poor ventilation, water retention and fertilizer retention performance and the like. Barren soil is not suitable for direct use in vegetable planting.
Therefore, the transformation of poor soil, which is not well suited for vegetable growth, into fertile soil, which is suitable for vegetable growth, is one of the first tasks faced by new vegetable cultivation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an improvement formula and an improvement method for greenhouse soil with new facilities, and the formula can comprehensively improve main soil problems such as soil acid-base imbalance, low organic matter content, deterioration of soil physicochemical property and quality, nutrient imbalance, soil hardening, soil microbial community proportion imbalance and the like of barren soil.
The invention provides an improvement formula for greenhouse soil of a new facility, which comprises a greenhouse soil conditioner, a functional soil improvement microbial inoculum and a biological organic fertilizer;
the greenhouse soil conditioner is prepared from organic wastes of kitchens, the total organic matter content in the greenhouse soil conditioner is more than or equal to 85 wt%, wherein the content of humic acid is more than or equal to 50 wt%, the content of organic matter is more than or equal to 75 wt%, and the content of easily-oxidized organic matter is more than or equal to 20 wt%; pH: 5.5 to 8.0, the water content is less than or equal to 8.0 weight percent, and the sodium content is less than or equal to 0.6 weight percent;
the functional soil improvement microbial inoculum comprises 5-10 wt% of actinomycetes, 10-20 wt% of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 5-10 wt% of bacillus natto, 10-15 wt% of saccharomycetes, 5-10 wt% of lactic acid bacteria, 10-25 wt% of bacillus subtilis and 5-10 wt% of streptomyces microflavus, wherein the number of effective viable bacteria in the functional soil improvement microbial inoculum is more than or equal to 5 hundred million/g;
in the biological organic fertilizer, the total nutrient (N + P) is calculated on a dry basis2O5+K2O) content is more than or equal to 13.0 wt%, chelating secondary elements (Ca, Mg and Si) content is more than or equal to 5 wt%, trace elements (Fe + Mn + B + Zn) content is more than or equal to 0.1 wt%, pH is 6.5-8.0, moisture content is less than or equal to 20 wt%, organic matter content is more than or equal to 40 wt%, and effective viable count is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the functional soil improvement microbial inoculum to the biological organic fertilizer of the greenhouse soil conditioner is (100-1000): (100-300): (500-1000).
Preferably, in the functional soil improvement microbial inoculum, the content of CaO in the chelating medium element is more than or equal to 8 wt%, the content of MgO is more than or equal to 1.0 wt%, and the content of the trace element (Fe + Mn + B + Zn) is more than or equal to 0.2 wt%; the content of the natural biological stimulin is more than or equal to 20wt percent; the pH value is 6.5-7.0, and the water content is less than or equal to 20.0 wt%.
Preferably, the natural biological stimulin is one or more of humic acid, fulvic acid, alginic acid and chitin.
Preferably, the greenhouse soil conditioner is prepared according to the following steps:
1) screening and removing inorganic matters from the kitchen organic waste;
2) then, carrying out dry-wet separation on the screened kitchen organic waste to obtain dry matter;
3) uniformly mixing the hull wastes, the straw wastes and the obtained dry matter with a biological humic acid conversion agent to obtain a mixture;
4) and carrying out degradation conversion reaction on the mixture in an aerobic condition to obtain a soil improvement formula, wherein the temperature of the conversion reaction is 70-80 ℃, and the time of the conversion reaction is 8-12 hours.
The invention provides a method for improving greenhouse soil of a new facility, which comprises the following steps:
A) spreading all the components in the soil improvement formula on the leveled land according to the greenhouse soil improvement formula;
the greenhouse soil improvement formula is the improvement formula for the greenhouse soil of the new facility;
B) carrying out rotary tillage deep ploughing and biological enhanced humification on the soil after spreading;
C) soil moisture conservation and additional fertilization are carried out.
7. The improvement as claimed in claim 6, wherein the depth of rotary tillage deep plowing in step B) is 50-70 cm.
Preferably, the biological enhanced humification in the step B) is specifically as follows:
and (4) watering the soil covered with the soil thoroughly, and completing the biologically enhanced humification of the soil after 5-10 days.
Preferably, the soil moisture preservation is to keep the soil moisture at 60-70% before planting vegetables.
Preferably, the application amount of the greenhouse soil conditioner is 100-1000 kg/mu; the application amount of the functional soil improvement microbial inoculum is 100-300 kg/mu, and the application amount of the bio-organic fertilizer is 500-1000 kg/mu.
The invention provides an improvement formula for greenhouse soil of a new facility, which comprises a greenhouse soil conditioner, a functional soil improvement microbial inoculum and a biological organic fertilizer; the greenhouse soil conditioner is prepared from organic wastes of kitchens, the total organic matter content in the greenhouse soil conditioner is more than or equal to 85 wt%, wherein the content of humic acid is more than or equal to 50 wt%, the content of organic matter is more than or equal to 75 wt%, and the content of easily-oxidized organic matter is more than or equal to 20 wt%; pH: 5.5 to 8.0, the water content is less than or equal to 8.0 weight percent, and the sodium content is less than or equal to 0.6 weight percent; the functional soil improvement microbial inoculum comprises 5-10 wt% of actinomycetes, 10-20 wt% of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 5-10 wt% of bacillus natto, 10-15 wt% of saccharomycetes, 5-10 wt% of lactic acid bacteria, 10-25 wt% of bacillus subtilis and 5-10 wt% of streptomyces microflavus, wherein the number of effective viable bacteria in the functional soil improvement microbial inoculum is more than or equal to 5 hundred million/g; in the biological organic fertilizer, the total nutrient (N + P) is calculated on a dry basis2O5+K2O) content is more than or equal to 13.0 wt%, chelating secondary elements (Ca, Mg and Si) content is more than or equal to 5 wt%, trace elements (Fe + Mn + B + Zn) content is more than or equal to 0.1 wt%, pH is 6.5-8.0, moisture content is less than or equal to 20 wt%, organic matter content is more than or equal to 40 wt%, and effective viable count is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g.
Current methods and measures for improving soil poor in greenhouse vegetables are often directed to only a single problem of soil problems, such as organic matter, pH, or microorganisms. The most common method is to directly apply manure-like ordinary farmyard manure to improve the soil. Although manure is rich in medium trace elements and microorganisms, direct application of unruptured manure, particularly poultry manure, is potentially hazardous. For example, produce harmful gases and poison plants. The manure contains more germs, worm eggs, weed seeds and the like, is not fermented at high temperature, is easy to bring adverse effects to plants, and is easy to cause plant diseases and insect pests. Part of the manure contains heavy metals, antibiotics and the like due to the source problem, and can poison plants and influence the safety of agricultural products. The poultry manure contains heavy salt, easily salinizes soil, increases the soil salt concentration, and can cause no germination of seeds, seedling burning and root burning in severe cases.
The invention aims to invent a comprehensive soil improvement formula and an implementation scheme according to the principles of scientific benchmarking and dialectical compatibility aiming at various problems of facility vegetable poor soil. 1. The formula is organic, environment-friendly and ecological. 2. The implementation method is simple and quick. 3. The main components of the formula are derived from kitchen organic matters, and the reutilization of the kitchen organic matters not only solves the pressure of environmental protection, but also provides high-quality organic matters and other nutrient elements for improving the quality of cultivated land. 4. The usage amount of the fertilizer is reduced by 20-30%.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a graph of the abundance of bacterial microbial communities (phylum level) after soil improvement in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the abundance of fungal microflora (phylum level) after soil improvement in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an improvement formula for greenhouse soil of a new facility, which is a composition comprising a greenhouse soil conditioner, a functional soil improvement microbial inoculum and a bio-organic fertilizer;
the greenhouse soil conditioner is prepared from organic wastes of kitchens, the total organic matter content in the greenhouse soil conditioner is more than or equal to 85 wt%, wherein the content of humic acid is more than or equal to 50 wt%, the content of organic matter is more than or equal to 75 wt%, and the content of easily-oxidized organic matter is more than or equal to 20 wt%; pH: 5.5 to 8.0, the water content is less than or equal to 8.0 weight percent, and the sodium content is less than or equal to 0.6 weight percent;
the functional soil improvement microbial inoculum comprises 5-10 wt% of actinomycetes, 10-20 wt% of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 5-10 wt% of bacillus natto, 10-15 wt% of saccharomycetes, 5-10 wt% of lactic acid bacteria, 10-25 wt% of bacillus subtilis and 5-10 wt% of streptomyces microflavus, wherein the number of effective viable bacteria in the functional soil improvement microbial inoculum is more than or equal to 5 hundred million/g;
in the biological organic fertilizer, the total nutrient (N + P) is calculated on a dry basis2O5+K2The content of O) is more than or equal to 13.0 percent, the content of chelated secondary elements (Ca, Mg and Si) is more than or equal to 5 percent by weight, the content of trace elements (Fe + Mn + B + Zn) is more than or equal to 0.1 percent by weight, the pH value is 6.5 to 8.0, the water content is less than or equal to 20 percent by weight, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 40 percent by weight, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the functional soil improvement microbial inoculum to the biological organic fertilizer in the greenhouse soil conditioner is (100-1000): (100-300): (500-1000), preferably (200-800): (100-200): (600-800), more preferably (500-600): (150-200): (600-700), specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, the ratio may be 1000: 200: 600.
the soil conditioner is prepared from kitchen organic waste and comprises the following specific steps:
screening and removing non-organic impurities such as plastics, metal fragments and the like from the kitchen organic waste;
then, carrying out dry-wet separation on the screened kitchen organic waste to obtain dry matter;
uniformly mixing the obtained dry matter with exogenous shell and bark, straw wastes and a biological humic acid conversion agent to obtain a mixture;
the mixture is subjected to degradation and conversion reaction of a macromolecular carbon structure under an aerobic condition to obtain the soil conditioner, and preferably, the obtained mixture is subjected to high-temperature aerobic fermentation in a biochemical reactor to perform degradation and conversion reaction of the macromolecular carbon structure. The temperature of the conversion reaction is 70-80 ℃, and the time of the conversion reaction is 8-12 hours, preferably 10-11 hours.
The biological humic acid conversion agent is BGB high-temperature composite bacteria, and the BGB composite bacteria are disclosed in Chinese patent application with application number of 200610083429.7 and name of 'method for carrying out resource circulation treatment on kitchen organic waste by adopting composite bacteria', and contain the following strains: bacillus subtilis, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus stearothermophilus, etc., yeast and lactic acid bacteria, wherein each strain can be individually selected from strains stored at low temperature by a conventional method and inoculated to a solid plate culture medium by streaking, the strain is cultured under a proper condition, and after a bacterial colony grows out, the bacterial colony is inoculated to a liquid culture medium for shake culture and then is subjected to amplification culture as required; after each strain can be cultured in a liquid form, according to the proportion of viable count of bacillus subtilis, bacillus circulans, bacillus sphaericus, bacillus stearothermophilus and the like, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria: mixing (1-1.2): (0.8-1.1): (1.2-1.5): (2.2-3): (1.2-1.5): (0.8-1.2) to prepare liquid fermentation microbial inoculum, and storing at 4 deg.C for use; can also be stored separately, mixed immediately and used immediately; or freeze drying the liquid culture to obtain solid powder, and making into solid fermentation bacteria agent. The BGB high-temperature compound bacterium is prepared by Beijing Jia Bo Wen biotechnology limited.
In the invention, the total organic matter content in the soil conditioner is more than or equal to 85 wt%, wherein the content of biological humic acid is more than or equal to 50 wt%, the content of organic matter is more than or equal to 75 wt%, the content of biological fulvic acid is more than or equal to 18 wt%, and the content of easily-oxidized organic matter is more than or equal to 20 wt%; pH5.5-7.5, water content is less than or equal to 8.0 wt%, and sodium content is less than or equal to 0.6 wt%; preferably, the total amount of the organic matters is 80-90 wt%, wherein the content of humic acid is 50-65 wt%, the content of organic matters is 70-85 wt%, and the content of easily-oxidized organic matters is 20-30 wt%; the pH value is 5.5-7.5, the water content is less than or equal to 8.0 wt%, and the sodium content is less than or equal to 0.6 wt%.
When the soil of the newly-built greenhouse is the alkalified barren soil, the pH value of the soil conditioner is preferably 5.5-7.0; when the soil of the newly-built greenhouse is acidified barren soil, the pH value of the soil conditioner is preferably 6.0-8.0.
The organic soil conditioner special for greenhouse vegetable soil mainly has the following effects: 1. by means of biological strengthening decomposition, the content of the easily oxidized organic matters in the soil is rapidly increased, and the granular structure of the soil is improved. The soil conditioner contains easily oxidized organic matters, cellulose degradation products, amino acids, organic acids and other micromolecular active ingredients which are nutrient sources of soil microorganisms and have the function of quickly activating the activity of the soil microorganisms, the quick release of quick-acting carbon is guaranteed, the quick propagation of the microorganisms is met, the biological diversity of the soil is increased, the self-purification, fertilization and stress-resistant system of the soil is restored, meanwhile, macromolecular humic acid substances can be combined with the soil, the formation of aggregates is promoted, and the storage and gradual release of slow-acting carbon in the soil are guaranteed. By regulating and controlling the release of the quick-acting carbon and the slow-acting carbon, the conversion and the utilization rate of organic matters are greatly improved. 2. And adjusting the pH value of the soil. Aiming at the difference of the soil pH value, the organic source soil conditioner special for greenhouse vegetable soil (special for alkalified barren soil or special for acidified barren soil) can be applied correspondingly. The soil conditioner has the characteristic of buffering soil acid-base balance, and can gradually relieve the pH value of the greenhouse vegetable soil and gradually restore the pH value to a pH range suitable for vegetable growth. 3. Reduce the occurrence of nutrient deficiency. The restoration of the pH value of the soil can improve the effectiveness of nutrient elements, is beneficial to the absorption of the vegetable crops to the essential nutrient elements and avoids the occurrence of physiological deficiency. 4. Improving the hardening condition of the soil. The application of the soil conditioner increases the organic matter content of soil, stimulates the activity and the quantity of soil microorganisms, the reactivation of the soil microorganisms can generate a large amount of mucopolysaccharide around root systems, and the mucopolysaccharide and mucus secreted by plants and mineral colloids are organically and alternately combined to form a soil aggregate structure, so that the hardened soil becomes fluffy, the permeability of the soil is increased, and the fertilizer storage and water retention capacity of the soil is improved.
In the invention, the functional soil improvement microbial inoculum is derived from soil and comprises 5-10 wt% of actinomycetes, preferably 6-10 wt%, and more preferably 8-10 wt%; 10-20 wt% of azotobacter, preferably 12-20 wt%, more preferably 16-20 wt%; 5-10 wt% of bacillus natto, preferably 6-10 wt%, more preferably 9-10 wt%; 10-15 wt% of yeast, preferably 11-15 wt%, more preferably 14-15 wt%; 5-10 wt% of lactic acid bacteria, preferably 6-10 wt%, more preferably 7-10 wt%; 10-25 wt% of bacillus subtilis, preferably 15-25 wt%; and 5-10 wt% of streptomyces microflavus, preferably 6-10 wt%, more preferably 7-10 wt%. Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, 10 wt% of actinomycetes, 20 wt% of azotobacter, 10 wt% of bacillus natto, 15 wt% of yeast, 10 wt% of lactic acid bacteria, 25% of bacillus subtilis and 10 wt% of streptomyces microflavus can be used.
In the functional soil improvement microbial inoculum, the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 5 hundred million/g, the content of CaO in chelating secondary elements is more than or equal to 8 wt%, the content of MgO is more than or equal to 1.0 wt%, and the content of trace elements (ferrum, manganese, boron and zinc) is more than or equal to 0.2 wt%; the content of the natural biological stimulin is more than or equal to 20wt percent; the pH value is 6.5-7.0, and the water content is less than or equal to 20.0 wt%.
In the invention, the natural biological stimulin is preferably one or more of humic acid, fulvic acid, alginic acid and chitin.
The functional soil improvement microbial inoculum provided by the invention has the following effects:
1. short plates for improving nutrient element unbalance of the barren soil, such as nitrogen fixation, and dissolving trace elements such as phosphorus, potassium, iron, molybdenum and the like which cannot be utilized by plants in the soil for utilization by the plants; degrading harmful substances in the soil, such as pesticide residue and fertilizer pollution, which have the effect of inhibiting the growth of crops.
2. Effectively balancing the microecological environment of the barren soil, increasing the number of beneficial microorganism populations of the soil, antagonizing harmful microorganisms in the soil, inhibiting the occurrence of soil-borne diseases and quickly recovering the healthy ecological system of the soil;
3. the method has the advantages that the micro-ecological secondary metabolism rhizosphere environment of the soil is quickly created, the quick synthesis of secondary metabolism nutrient substances of the vegetables is promoted, and the quality of the vegetables is obviously improved;
4. the stress resistance of the vegetables is enhanced;
5. the product is pure organic, has balanced and comprehensive nutrients, and can effectively reduce the fertilizer consumption by more than 20 percent without reducing the yield compared with the conventional fertilizer application.
In the invention, the total nutrient (N + P) in the biological organic fertilizer is calculated on a dry basis2O5+K2O) content is more than or equal to 13.0 wt%, chelating secondary elements (Ca, Mg and Si) content is more than or equal to 5 wt%, trace elements (Fe + Mn + B + Zn) content is more than or equal to 0.1 wt%, pH is 6.5-8.0, moisture content is less than or equal to 20 wt%, organic matter content is more than or equal to 40 wt%, and effective viable count is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g. The main function of the bio-organic fertilizer is to provide quick-acting and slow-release organic nutrition and beneficial microorganisms required by the growth of vegetables.
The invention also provides a method for improving the greenhouse soil of the new facility, which comprises the following steps:
A) spreading all the components in the soil improvement formula on the leveled land according to the greenhouse soil improvement formula;
the greenhouse soil improvement formula is the improvement formula for the greenhouse soil of the new facility;
B) carrying out rotary tillage deep ploughing and biological enhanced humification on the soil after spreading;
C) soil moisture conservation and additional fertilization are carried out.
Before land leveling, soil detection is preferably carried out on soil in the greenhouse with the new facility, a soil sample is collected and sent to a normal soil detection laboratory to detect soil physical and chemical indexes including indexes such as pH, organic matter content, volume weight, conductivity (EC), total salt content, nutrient elements (large, medium and trace elements), soil microbial diversity and community structure.
And leveling the land after the detection is finished, wherein the land leveling is a prerequisite condition for ensuring the growth consistency of the vegetables. For uneven plots, leveling is required before planting vegetables. The invention preferably uses a greenhouse land leveler to level the land, and preferably a land leveler with a laser land leveler is used.
After land leveling, the present invention applies the soil improvement formulation described above to the leveled land, preferably using mechanical or manual application. The components of the soil improvement formula are uniformly scattered on the ground surface one by one according to the proportion, and the product can also be uniformly scattered at one time after being mixed according to the proportion.
The application amount of the greenhouse soil conditioner is 100-1000 kg/mu, preferably 200-800 kg/mu, more preferably 300-600 kg/mu, and specifically 1000 kg/mu; the application amount of the functional soil improvement microbial inoculum is 100-300 kg/mu, preferably 150-250 kg/mu, more preferably 200 kg/mu, and the application amount of the bio-organic fertilizer is 500-1000 kg/mu, preferably 600-900 kg/mu, more preferably 700-800 kg/mu, and specifically may be 600 kg/mu.
After the soil improvement formula is applied, the soil improvement formula is deeply ploughed, uniformly mixed and covered with soil, and the soil of a plough layer and each soil improvement formula component are uniformly mixed preferably in a rotary tillage mode. The depth of the deep ploughing is preferably 50-70 cm, more preferably 60cm, namely the soil on the ground surface of the rotary tillage is ploughed to the plough layer with the depth of about 60 cm.
Then, carrying out the biological strengthening humification of the soil, and specifically operating as follows: and (3) thoroughly watering the uniformly mixed soil, and activating each component and microorganism in the soil improvement formula after 5-10 days. On one hand, the activation process promotes the organic matter biology to strengthen humification and balance mineralization reaction, quickly generates a large amount of quick-acting easily-oxidized organic matters and various secondary metabolites, provides available nutrition and energy for soil microorganisms, and realizes the quick propagation of microorganism populations. Meanwhile, macromolecular substances in the soil improvement formula, such as humic acid and microbial agents, and the aggregation and interaction of soil can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, such as the improvement of the pH of the alkalized soil, the reduction of the volume weight of the soil, the increase of the cation exchange capacity of the soil, the reduction of the secondary salinization of the soil and the like; the formation of a soil aggregate structure is promoted, the soil becomes loose and soft, the water and fertilizer retention performance is enhanced, the water, gas and heat are more coordinated, the soil hardening is reduced, the root development and the healthy growth of crops are promoted, and the purposes of increasing the yield and improving the quality are finally achieved.
Before planting vegetables, soil moisture preservation is carried out, and the soil moisture is kept at 60-70%.
After the vegetables are planted, appropriate amount of additional fertilizer can be applied at the right time according to the fertilizer requirement rule of the vegetables. The biological organic fertilizer is preferably used in the invention.
The special conditioner and the microbial agent for greenhouse vegetable soil are not suitable for being used together with a bactericide or an insecticide. The administration should be staggered from each other by at least 7 days.
The invention provides an improvement formula for greenhouse soil of a new facility, which comprises a greenhouse soil conditioner, a functional soil improvement microbial inoculum and a biological organic fertilizer; the greenhouse soil conditioner is prepared from organic wastes of kitchens, the total organic matter content in the greenhouse soil conditioner is more than or equal to 85 wt%, wherein the content of humic acid is more than or equal to 50 wt%, the content of organic matter is more than or equal to 75 wt%, and the content of easily-oxidized organic matter is more than or equal to 20 wt%; pH: 5.5 to 8.0, the water content is less than or equal to 8.0 weight percent, and the sodium content is less than or equal to 0.6 weight percent; the functional soil improvement microbial inoculum comprises 5-10 wt% of actinomycetes, 10-20 wt% of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 5-10 wt% of bacillus natto, 10-15 wt% of saccharomycetes, 5-10 wt% of lactic acid bacteria, 10-25 wt% of bacillus subtilis and 5-10 wt% of streptomyces microflavus, wherein the number of effective viable bacteria in the functional soil improvement microbial inoculum is more than or equal to 5 hundred million/g; in the biological organic fertilizer, the total nutrient (N + P) is calculated on a dry basis2O5+K2O) content is more than or equal to 13.0 wt%, chelating secondary elements (Ca, Mg and Si) content is more than or equal to 5 wt%, trace elements (Fe + Mn + B + Zn) content is more than or equal to 0.1 wt%, pH is 6.5-8.0, moisture content is less than or equal to 20 wt%, organic matter content is more than or equal to 40 wt%, and effective viable count is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g.
The invention aims to invent a comprehensive soil improvement formula and an implementation scheme according to the principles of scientific benchmarking and dialectical compatibility aiming at various problems of facility vegetable poor soil. 1. The formula is organic, environment-friendly and ecological. 2. The implementation method is simple and quick. 3. The main components of the formula are derived from kitchen organic matters, and the reutilization of the kitchen organic matters not only solves the pressure of environmental protection, but also provides high-quality organic matters and other nutrient elements for improving the quality of cultivated land. 4. The usage amount of the fertilizer is reduced by 20-30%.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description will be made on an improvement formula and an improvement method for greenhouse soil of new facilities provided by the present invention with reference to examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1 soil improvement of newly-built vegetable greenhouse in Shandong Lanling
The greenhouse information is that the soil is new soil which is not cultivated, and the problems of soil hardening, soil alkalization, low organic matter content, barren soil and the like of the typical greenhouse new soil of the greenhouse vegetable.
Experimental treatment for same field comparison
Control (CK): applying 3000 kg/mu of farmyard chicken manure in a conventional soil farming mode.
Soil improvement treatment: 1000kg of special soil conditioner for greenhouse vegetables, 200kg of functional soil improvement microbial inoculum and 600kg of biological organic fertilizer are added into each mu of the fertilizer.
The soil conditioner special for greenhouse vegetables is an organic source soil conditioner (special for alkalified barren soil), and comprises the following main components: the total organic matter content is more than or equal to 85 wt%, wherein the humic acid content is more than or equal to 50 wt%, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 75 wt%, the content of the easily-oxidized organic matter is more than or equal to 20 wt%, and the pH value is as follows: 5.5 to 7.0, the water content is less than or equal to 8.0wt percent, and the sodium content is less than or equal to 0.6wt percent.
The functional soil improvement microbial inoculum comprises the following main components: the soil source composite flora comprises 10 wt% of actinomycetes, 20 wt% of azotobacter, 10 wt% of bacillus natto, 15 wt% of saccharomycetes, 10 wt% of lactic acid bacteria, 25 wt% of bacillus subtilis and 10 wt% of streptomyces microflavus. The organic matter content is more than or equal to 55.0 wt% in percentage by mass. The mineral nutrient is rich in more than 50 mineral nutrient elements, wherein the content of CaO in the chelated secondary elements is more than or equal to 8 wt%, the content of MgO is more than or equal to 1.0 wt%, and the content of trace elements (ferrum, manganese, boron and zinc) is more than or equal to 0.2 wt%; the content of natural biological stimulin components such as humic acid, fulvic acid, alginic acid, chitin and the like is more than or equal to 20 wt%. pH6.5-7.0, and water content is less than or equal to 20.0 wt%.
The main effective components of the biological organic fertilizer are as follows: n + P2O5+K2The content of O is more than or equal to 13.0 wt%, the content of chelated secondary elements (Ca, Mg and Si) is more than or equal to 5 wt%, the content of trace elements (Fe + Mn + B + Zn) is more than or equal to 0.1 wt%, the pH value is 6.5-8.0, the content of water is less than or equal to 20 wt%, the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 40 wt%, and the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g.
Carrying out the step
1. And (5) leveling the land. Leveling the land by utilizing a greenhouse land leveler;
2. applying a soil improvement formula. And (6) broadcasting. Uniformly spreading the components of the soil improvement formula on the ground surface one by one according to the mass percentage: 1000kg of a, special soil conditioner for greenhouse vegetables is added per mu; b. 200kg of functional soil improvement microbial inoculum; c. 600kg of bio-organic fertilizer.
3. Mixing, deep turning, and covering with soil. Selecting a rotary tillage mode, uniformly mixing and deeply ploughing plough layer soil (0-60 cm) and various soil improvement formula components; and (6) covering soil.
4. Biologically enhancing humification. And (3) thoroughly watering the uniformly mixed soil, and activating each component in the soil improvement formula after 5-10 days.
5. And (5) preserving soil moisture. Before planting, the soil humidity is kept at 70%.
6. And (6) topdressing. The soil testing formula supplements nutrition timely according to the fertilizer requirement rule of the selected vegetable variety.
7. The amount of chemical fertilizer dressing applied in the treatment area is 20-30% less than that of the chemical fertilizer applied in the contrast area.
The soil improvement formula special for greenhouse vegetables is not suitable for being used together with a bactericide or an insecticide. The administration should be staggered from each other by at least 7 days.
The results are as follows:
A. the physical and chemical properties of the soil.
As shown in table 1, the average moisture content of the soil after soil improvement was 21.4%, which is 2.9% higher than that of the control soil (18.5%). The pH of the treated soil was 7.5, which was 0.4 units lower than that of the control soil (8.0). The average volume weight of the treated soil was 0.55g/cm3Comparison of (0.63 g/cm) of control soil3) Reduced by 0.08g/cm3. The average EC for the treated soil was 12.8. mu.s/cm, which is 1.8. mu.s/cm lower than that for the control soil (14.6. mu.s/cm). The average salt content of the treated soil was 3.5g/kg, which was 2.1g/kg lower than that of the control soil (5.6 g/kg). The change of the physical and chemical properties of the soil increases the soil filling power and improves the water and fertilizer retention of the soil; the pH value of the soil is reduced from alkalinity to alkalescence; the average salt content has reached the level of normal soil.
TABLE 1 variation of soil physicochemical Properties
Figure BDA0002598084610000111
B. Soil organic matter and a large number of nutrient elements.
As shown in table 2, organic matter content increased rapidly after soil improvement 1. Compared with the soil of a control land, the organic matter content of the treated soil is increased by 103 percent to 20.5g/kg, and the level of the soil of a medium cultivated land is already reached; the total nitrogen content (1.21g/kg) is increased by 36 percent; the available phosphorus content (16.8mg/kg) is increased by 12 percent; the content of the quick-acting potassium (117mg/kg) is increased by 38 percent. The organic matter content and the NPK content of the treated soil reach the level of normal soil.
TABLE 2 changes in organic matter and macroelements of soil
Figure BDA0002598084610000112
C. Change of trace nutrient elements in soil.
As shown in Table 3, the fresh soil (control) of the greenhouse has uneven nutrient content, rich Ca and Mg content, and the content of the rest medium and trace elements is slightly lower than the critical value. After soil improvement, the contents of Fe (11.7%), Mn (16.4mg/kg), Cu (1.35mg/kg), Zn (2.02mg/kg) and B (1.1mg/kg) of the treated soil had reached the level of normal soil.
TABLE 3 Change of trace elements in soil
Figure BDA0002598084610000113
D. Variation in the diversity of the microbial community of soil bacteria.
As shown in Table 4, the indexes of microbial diversity of the treated soil, ace, chao, shannon and sob, were increased by 6.3%, 3.9%, 3.3% and 9.9% respectively, compared with those of the control soil, indicating that the microbial community diversity of the soil was increased after soil improvement.
TABLE 4. microbial community diversity index of soil bacteria
Figure BDA0002598084610000121
E. Diversity of soil fungal microbial communities.
As shown in Table 5, the indexes of fungal microbial diversity, ace, chao, shannon and sob, of the treated soil were increased by 58.2%, 55.2%, 23.2% and 78.8% respectively, compared with those of the control soil, indicating that the diversity of fungal microbial communities in the soil was significantly increased after soil improvement.
TABLE 5 soil fungal microbial community diversity index
Figure BDA0002598084610000122
F. Changes in soil microbial community structure.
After soil improvement, the soil microbial community structure is obviously changed. As shown in FIG. 1, the soil bacterial community includes Proteobacteria, Acidobacterium, Actinomycetes, Bacteroides, Nitrospira, etc. At the phylum level, soil improvement increases the abundance of bacteria such as Acidobacterium (Acidobacterium), Actinomyces (Actinobacillus), Gemmatimonades (Gemmatimonades), Nitrospira (Nitrospirae) and the like in soil. Actinomycetes are generally involved in the degradation of difficult-to-degrade polymers and are considered to have important ecological significance in the conversion of organic matter in soil; the spirillum nitrobacter is responsible for the biogeochemical circulation of nitrogen, plays an important role in an ammonia nitrogen/nitrate/nitrite circulation system, and also plays an important role in the discharge of nitrous oxide. As shown in fig. 2, at the phylum level, soil improvement significantly increased the abundance of zygomycetes (Zygomycota). The zygomycetes can participate in the humification process of animals and plants in soil.
The experiments show that the soil improvement of the invention quickly improves the content of organic matters and available nutrient elements in the barren soil; the propagation of soil microorganisms is promoted, and the diversity of the soil microorganisms and the types of beneficial microorganisms are increased; the soil improvement improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and obviously improves the water retention, the fertilizer retention, the permeability and the granular structure. The improved soil is suitable for planting most vegetable varieties, the usage amount of the fertilizer in the later period can be reduced by 20-30%, and soil-borne diseases and unbalance of nutrition and microbial population brought by applying undegraded farmyard manure are avoided.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An improvement formula for greenhouse soil of a new facility comprises a greenhouse soil conditioner, a functional soil improvement microbial inoculum and a biological organic fertilizer;
the greenhouse soil conditioner is prepared from organic wastes of kitchens, the total organic matter content in the greenhouse soil conditioner is more than or equal to 85 wt%, wherein the content of humic acid is more than or equal to 50 wt%, the content of organic matter is more than or equal to 75 wt%, and the content of easily-oxidized organic matter is more than or equal to 20 wt%; pH: 5.5 to 8.0, the water content is less than or equal to 8.0 weight percent, and the sodium content is less than or equal to 0.6 weight percent;
the functional soil improvement microbial inoculum comprises 5-10 wt% of actinomycetes, 10-20 wt% of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 5-10 wt% of bacillus natto, 10-15 wt% of saccharomycetes, 5-10 wt% of lactic acid bacteria, 10-25 wt% of bacillus subtilis and 5-10 wt% of streptomyces microflavus, wherein the number of effective viable bacteria in the functional soil improvement microbial inoculum is more than or equal to 5 hundred million/g;
in the biological organic fertilizer, the total nutrient (N + P) is calculated on a dry basis2O5+K2O) content is more than or equal to 13.0 wt%, chelating secondary elements (Ca, Mg and Si) content is more than or equal to 5 wt%, trace elements (Fe + Mn + B + Zn) content is more than or equal to 0.1 wt%, pH is 6.5-8.0, moisture content is less than or equal to 20 wt%, organic matter content is more than or equal to 40 wt%, and effective viable count is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g.
2. The improvement formula for the new facility greenhouse soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the greenhouse soil conditioner, the functional soil improvement microbial inoculum and the bio-organic fertilizer are in a mass ratio of (100-1000): (100-300): (500-1000).
3. The improvement formula for the new facility greenhouse soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the functional soil improvement microbial inoculum, the content of chelated secondary elements CaO is more than or equal to 8 wt%, the content of MgO is more than or equal to 1.0 wt%, and the content of trace elements (Fe + Mn + B + Zn) is more than or equal to 0.2 wt%; the content of the natural biological stimulin is more than or equal to 20wt percent; the pH value is 6.5-7.0, and the water content is less than or equal to 20.0 wt%.
4. The improvement formula for the greenhouse soil of the new facility as claimed in claim 1, wherein the natural biological stimulin is one or more of humic acid, fulvic acid, alginic acid and chitin.
5. The improving formula for greenhouse soil in new facilities, according to the claim, is characterized in that the greenhouse soil conditioner is prepared by the following steps:
1) screening and removing inorganic matters from the kitchen organic waste;
2) then, carrying out dry-wet separation on the screened kitchen organic waste to obtain dry matter;
3) uniformly mixing the hull wastes, the straw wastes and the obtained dry matter with a biological humic acid conversion agent to obtain a mixture;
4) and carrying out degradation conversion reaction on the mixture in an aerobic condition to obtain a soil improvement formula, wherein the temperature of the conversion reaction is 70-80 ℃, and the time of the conversion reaction is 8-12 hours.
6. A method for improving greenhouse soil of a new facility comprises the following steps:
A) spreading all the components in the soil improvement formula on the leveled land according to the greenhouse soil improvement formula;
the greenhouse soil improvement formula is the improvement formula for the greenhouse soil of the new facility as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5;
B) carrying out rotary tillage deep ploughing and biological enhanced humification on the soil after spreading;
C) soil moisture conservation and additional fertilization are carried out.
7. The improvement as claimed in claim 6, wherein the depth of rotary tillage deep plowing in step B) is 50-70 cm.
8. The improved method according to claim 6, characterized in that the biofortification humification in step B) is in particular:
and (4) watering the soil covered with the soil thoroughly, and completing the biologically enhanced humification of the soil after 5-10 days.
9. The improvement as claimed in claim 6, wherein the soil moisture is maintained at a moisture level of 60-70% prior to planting vegetables.
10. The improvement method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the greenhouse soil conditioner is applied in an amount of 100-1000 kg/acre; the application amount of the functional soil improvement microbial inoculum is 100-300 kg/mu, and the application amount of the bio-organic fertilizer is 500-1000 kg/mu.
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