CN108293344B - Method for physically improving soil of panax notoginseng - Google Patents
Method for physically improving soil of panax notoginseng Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for physically improving pseudo-ginseng soil, which comprises the following steps: s1, planting rice on continuous cropping land after planting pseudo-ginseng; s2, deeply ploughing surface soil on the continuous cropping land after harvesting the rice, adding fine sand and uniformly mixing with the surface soil; the addition amount of the fine sand is 2000-2500 kg/mu; s3, applying organic fertilizer to the continuous cropping land added with the fine sand and uniformly mixing; the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is 6500-13000 kg/mu. The invention reduces the continuous cropping obstacle of panax notoginseng planting, eliminates the accumulation of various toxic substances in the panax notoginseng continuous cropping soil and reduces the quantity of pathogenic microorganisms in the soil. The soil for planting the rice is loosened by adding the sand grains and the organic matters, so that the air permeability and the organic matter content of the soil are improved, and the structure and the permeability of the soil are improved. Improve the emergence rate of pseudo-ginseng in later rotation, and is beneficial to resisting continuous cropping obstacles of pseudo-ginseng seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for physically improving panax notoginseng soil.
Background
Pseudo-ginseng is a plant of the genus Panax of the family Araliaceae, has the reputations of "Jinbuhui", "Nanguoshen grass", "Shenzhongzhiwang", and the like, is a unique and precious Chinese medicinal material in Yunnan, and is also a bright pearl in Chinese medicine.
The continuous cropping obstacle of panax notoginseng is one of the biggest technical bottlenecks faced by the panax notoginseng planting industry, the existing occurrence mechanism is not completely clear, continuous cropping cannot be realized, the crop rotation interval time needs more than 20 years, and otherwise, the destructive panax notoginseng root disease is serious. Due to the long time of the crop rotation interval, the land resources are deficient when the Shanshan Zhou of Yunnan province is used as the main production area and the original production area of the Chinese medicinal material pseudo-ginseng, and the sequential development of the pseudo-ginseng planting industry is severely restricted by the technical bottleneck of pseudo-ginseng continuous cropping obstacle.
Therefore, the improvement of soil, the alleviation of continuous cropping obstacles and the recycling of land resources are problems which need to be solved urgently in the panax notoginseng industry at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for physically improving pseudo-ginseng soil, which can ensure the emergence and growth of pseudo-ginseng, inhibit the damage of continuous cropping obstacles to pseudo-ginseng and reduce the occurrence of pseudo-ginseng diseases.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for physically improving soil of panax notoginseng, which comprises the following steps:
s1, planting rice on continuous cropping land after planting pseudo-ginseng;
s2, deeply ploughing surface soil on the continuous cropping land after harvesting the rice, adding fine sand and uniformly mixing with the surface soil; the addition amount of the fine sand is 2000-2500 kg/mu;
s3, applying organic fertilizer to the continuous cropping land added with the fine sand and uniformly mixing; the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is 6500-13000 kg/mu.
Preferably, the rice planting in the step S1 is two-season rotation, and the dry farming is performed during the rice rotation.
Preferably, the dry farming is broad bean planting or barley planting.
Preferably, the fine sand comprises, by weight, 15-50 parts of river sand, 20-50 parts of volcanic rock and 10-50 parts of coal cinder.
Preferably, the fine sand is subjected to high-temperature calcination treatment for 2-3 hours and then is immediately and uniformly mixed with surface soil on the continuous cropping land.
Preferably, the fine sand is soaked in the perilla extract for 5-20 days, and the perilla extract is perilla water extract or perilla alcohol extract.
Preferably, the fine sand and the stem leaves of the purple perilla are mixed and then added into the continuous cropping land, and plant ash is added to control the pH value of the field to be 7-8.2.
Preferably, the preparation of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
A. crushing sheep manure to the particle fineness of 0.5-1 cm;
B. adding calcium, magnesium and phosphorus and oil cake, and uniformly mixing to obtain an organic fertilizer raw material; the weight ratio of the sheep manure to the calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and oil cake is 6: 2: 1;
C. adding a microbial fermentation agent and stirring uniformly; the weight ratio of the microbial fermentation inoculum to the organic fertilizer raw material is 1: 10000;
D. watering the organic fertilizer raw material added with the microbial fermentation inoculant until the humidity is 30-50%;
E. covering with a rain cloth for anaerobic fermentation, wherein the humidity is 30-40%, the temperature is 40-50 ℃, the pH value is 6.8-7.5, and the fermentation time is 15-30 days;
F. periodically opening the waterproof cloth for ventilation to perform aerobic fermentation, wherein the humidity is 25-30%, the temperature is 35-40 ℃, the pH value is 7.5-8.5, and the fermentation time is 15-30 days.
Preferably, the oil cake comprises, by weight, 15-50 parts of rapeseed dregs, 20-50 parts of cottonseed dregs and 10-50 parts of bean dregs.
Preferably, the raw materials of the microbial fermentation inoculant comprise, by weight, 1-2 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1-2 parts of nocardia fusca, 1-1.5 parts of streptomyces and 1-3 parts of bacillus stearothermophilus.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can greatly reduce the continuous cropping obstacles of the pseudo-ginseng planting, and greatly shorten the continuous cropping interval time required for avoiding the continuous cropping obstacles; eliminate the accumulation of various toxic substances in the pseudo-ginseng continuous cropping soil and reduce the quantity of pathogenic microorganisms in the soil. The method loosens the soil for planting the rice by adding the sand grains and the organic fertilizer, improves the air permeability and the organic fertilizer content of the soil, and improves the structure and the permeability of the soil. The panax notoginseng continuous cropping soil treated by the panax notoginseng soil physical improvement method comprises the following steps: the organic matter of the soil is improved to 3 to 4 percent, and the volume weight is reduced to 0.92/cm3The total porosity is 51%, the water-stable granular structure is increased by 10%, and the continuous cropping soil of panax notoginseng without the treatment of the invention: the organic matter of the soil is 2 percent, and the volume weight is reduced to 1.299/cm3The total porosity was 46%.
Meanwhile, the seedling emergence rate and the survival rate of the pseudo-ginseng in the pseudo-ginseng continuous cropping soil improved by the method are obviously improved, the seedling emergence rate of the pseudo-ginseng in the later period of dry cropping is improved by 28.62%, the survival rate is improved by 18.0%, the pseudo-ginseng seedlings can resist continuous cropping obstacles, and the effect is obvious.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for physically improving pseudo-ginseng soil comprises the following steps:
s1, after the panax notoginseng is dug, the panax notoginseng digging period is generally 10-12 months, and residual panax notoginseng disease residues are removed after the panax notoginseng is dug; reforming a field, laying an irrigation system, preparing for subsequent rice planting, deeply turning and insolating surface soil, and fully sterilizing; and planting rice in the field and performing field management. The main reason for continuous cropping obstacle of panax notoginseng is diseases caused by soil microorganisms, exudates of root system of panax notoginseng mainly come from two ways, one is photosynthetic products on the upper part of the plant, about 20% of compositions can enter the soil as root exudates, most of the compositions are soluble, and the other way is that aged cells shed from root tips release insoluble organic substances such as mucus and mucilage. The exudates and the substances released by the cast-off cells are enriched into nutrient zones at the root and soil interfaces, so that the growth, development and propagation of microorganisms are promoted, the flooding environment and the flooding time are increased for planting rice, and part of microorganisms and germs harmful to the growth of pseudo-ginseng are killed, thereby relieving the continuous cropping obstacle.
S2, after rice is harvested, crushing soil of a pseudo-ginseng cultivation layer by using a rotary cultivator, pouring fine sand and uniformly mixing the fine sand with soil, wherein the addition amount of the fine sand is 2000 kg/mu, and the fine sand comprises 15 parts by weight of river sand, 35 parts by weight of volcanic rock and 50 parts by weight of coal cinder.
The invention improves the problems that the soil structure becomes sticky and heavy, soil hardening is easy to cause, permeability is poor and the growth of pseudo-ginseng in later dry farming is not facilitated due to long-time water logging in the continuous cropping soil during the water farming (rice planting period) by adding fine sand, improves the soil structure, reduces the viscosity of the soil, enhances the ventilation property and the hydrophobicity of the soil and improves the emergence rate and the survival rate in later pseudo-ginseng planting.
The formula and the proportion of the raw materials of the pseudo-ginseng continuous cropping agent are river sand, volcanic rock and coal cinder, so that the pseudo-ginseng continuous cropping agent is simple and convenient in source, low in cost, high in hygroscopicity and permeability and remarkable in soil improvement effect, has the functions of adsorption and sterilization, can effectively reduce harmful bacteria in soil, can adsorb allelochemicals generated by pseudo-ginseng, can treat continuous cropping obstacles of the pseudo-ginseng and promotes the growth of the pseudo-ginseng.
And S3, applying an organic fertilizer and mixing uniformly, wherein the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is 6500 kg/mu. The soil is loosened by adding the organic fertilizer, the air permeability and the organic matter content of the soil are improved, the soil fertility is increased, and the nutritional requirement of the growth of the pseudo-ginseng is met.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
A. pulverizing sheep manure to a particle fineness of 0.5 cm;
B. adding calcium, magnesium and phosphorus and oil cake, and uniformly mixing to obtain an organic fertilizer raw material; the weight ratio of the sheep manure to the calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and oil cake is 6: 2: 1;
C. adding a microbial fermentation agent and stirring uniformly; the weight ratio of the microbial fermentation inoculum to the organic fertilizer raw material is 1: 10000;
D. watering an organic fertilizer raw material of a microbial fermentation inoculant until the organic fertilizer raw material is wet, wherein the humidity is 30%;
E. covering with rain cloth for anaerobic fermentation at humidity of 30%, temperature of 40 deg.C, pH of 6.8, and fermentation time of 15 days;
F. periodically opening the rain cloth for aerobic fermentation at a humidity of 25%, a temperature of 35 deg.C, a pH of 7.5, and a fermentation time of 15 days.
The oil cake is prepared from 15 parts by weight of rapeseed dregs, 35 parts by weight of cottonseed dregs and 50 parts by weight of bean dregs.
The microbial fermentation inoculant comprises, by weight, 1 part of bacillus subtilis, 1 part of nocardia fusca, 1 part of streptomyces and 1 part of bacillus stearothermophilus.
Example 2
A method for physically improving pseudo-ginseng soil comprises the following steps:
s1: after the pseudo-ginseng is dug, the residual pseudo-ginseng disease residues are removed after the pseudo-ginseng is dug; reforming a field, laying an irrigation system, preparing for subsequent rice planting, deeply turning and insolating surface soil, and fully sterilizing; three rounds of rice were planted in the field and field management was performed.
The invention can fully improve the continuous cropping soil of the panax notoginseng through multiple rounds of rice planting, and greatly reduce harmful germs and allelochemicals in the continuous cropping soil.
S2 after the rice is harvested, the soil with the thickness of 15-20 cm of the pseudo-ginseng cultivated layer is crushed by a rotary cultivator, fine sand is calcined at high temperature for 2-3 hours and then immediately placed in a planting field, and the fine sand and the surface soil are uniformly mixed. The addition amount of the fine sand is 2000-2500 kg/mu. Wherein the fine sand comprises, by weight, 50 parts of river sand, 20 parts of volcanic rock and 30 parts of coal cinder.
The formula and the proportion of the raw materials of the pseudo-ginseng continuous cropping agent are river sand, volcanic rock and coal cinder, so that the pseudo-ginseng continuous cropping agent is simple and convenient in source, low in cost, high in hygroscopicity and permeability and remarkable in soil improvement effect, has the functions of adsorption and sterilization, can effectively reduce harmful bacteria in soil, can adsorb allelochemicals generated by pseudo-ginseng, can treat continuous cropping obstacles of the pseudo-ginseng and promotes the growth of the pseudo-ginseng.
According to the invention, the fine sand is calcined at high temperature, and is sterilized and disinfected at high temperature, so that harmful germs in the fine sand are killed, and the influence of pathogenic bacteria introduced into the fine sand on pseudo-ginseng is avoided. The calcined fine sand is immediately poured into a planting field and is mixed with soil, so that not only can harmful bacteria and fungi in the soil be killed, but also a large amount of water vapor can be generated, the structure and viscosity of the soil are improved, the soil is loosened and ventilated, the permeability is improved, meanwhile, a large amount of heat and steam can promote the respiration and reaction of the soil, the oxygen content in the soil can be improved, and the nutrient content of the soil is improved.
S3, applying an organic fertilizer and then uniformly mixing, wherein the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is 13000 kg/mu. The soil is loosened by adding the organic fertilizer, the air permeability and the organic content of the soil are improved, the soil fertility is increased, and the nutritional requirement of the growth of the pseudo-ginseng is met.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
A. pulverizing sheep manure to the particle fineness of 1 cm;
B. adding calcium, magnesium and phosphorus and oil cake, and uniformly mixing to obtain an organic fertilizer raw material; the weight ratio of the sheep manure to the calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and oil cake is 6: 2: 1;
C. adding a microbial fermentation agent and stirring uniformly; the weight ratio of the microbial fermentation inoculum to the organic fertilizer raw material is 1: 10000;
D. watering the organic fertilizer raw material added with the microbial fermentation inoculant until the organic fertilizer raw material is wet, wherein the humidity is 50%;
E. covering with rain cloth for anaerobic fermentation at 50 deg.C and humidity of 40% and pH of 7.5 for 30 days;
F. periodically opening the rain cloth for aeration to perform aerobic fermentation, wherein the humidity is 30%, the temperature is 40 ℃, the pH value is 8.5, and the fermentation time is 30 days.
The oil cake is prepared from 50 parts by weight of rapeseed dregs, 20 parts by weight of cottonseed dregs and 30 parts by weight of bean dregs.
The microbial fermentation inoculant comprises, by weight, 2 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of nocardia fusca, 1.5 parts of streptomyces and 3 parts of bacillus stearothermophilus.
Example 3
A method for physically improving pseudo-ginseng soil comprises the following steps:
s1: after the pseudo-ginseng is dug, the residual pseudo-ginseng disease residues are removed after the pseudo-ginseng is dug; reforming a field, laying an irrigation system, preparing for subsequent rice planting, deeply turning and insolating surface soil, and fully sterilizing; and (3) planting rice in a field, performing field management, planting broad beans after harvesting the rice, and planting the rice again after harvesting the broad beans.
According to the method, after the rice is harvested, dry farming plants are planted among the fields, so that the blank period of rice planting is filled, the soil desertification is avoided, and the soil activity is kept. The planting period of the broad beans accords with the rotation planting after the rice is planted. The broad beans are local conventional planting crops, are easy to manage, are crop-rotated with rice, and have different quantities and proportions of various nutrients absorbed by various crops from soil, so that the balanced utilization of the soil nutrients can be ensured, and the consumption of the broad beans on one side can be avoided. In addition, the developed root system can play the roles of loosening the soil and improving the soil structure. Meanwhile, the planting of the broad beans can improve the nitrogen content in the soil, enhance the soil fertility and facilitate the growth of the pseudo-ginseng.
S2 after harvesting the rice, crushing 15-20 cm of soil of the pseudo-ginseng cultivated layer by using a rotary cultivator, pouring fine sand and uniformly mixing the fine sand and the soil. Wherein the addition amount of the fine sand is 2300 kg/mu; the fine sand is soaked in a perilla extract for 5-20 days, and the perilla extract is a perilla water extract or an alcohol extract.
Wherein the fine sand comprises, by weight, 40 parts of river sand, 40 parts of volcanic rock and 40 parts of coal cinder.
The formula and the proportion of the raw materials of the pseudo-ginseng continuous cropping agent are river sand, volcanic rock and coal cinder, so that the pseudo-ginseng continuous cropping agent is simple and convenient in source, low in cost, high in hygroscopicity and permeability and remarkable in soil improvement effect, has the functions of adsorption and sterilization, can effectively reduce harmful bacteria in soil, can adsorb allelochemicals generated by pseudo-ginseng, can treat continuous cropping obstacles of the pseudo-ginseng and promotes the growth of the pseudo-ginseng.
The purple perilla extract is used for soaking the fine sand, so that the fine sand can be sterilized and disinfected, harmful bacteria in the fine sand are killed, and the influence of pathogenic bacteria introduced by the fine sand on pseudo-ginseng is avoided. And moreover, the purple perilla extract can be fully absorbed by the fine sand, and after the fine sand is mixed with the continuous cropping soil, the environment in the soil can be directly and effectively improved while the soil structure is improved, the continuous cropping obstacle phenomenon is relieved, the emergence rate is increased, and the use of fertilizers is reduced.
S3 applying an organic fertilizer and then uniformly mixing, wherein the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is 10000 kg/mu. The soil is loosened by adding the organic fertilizer, the air permeability and the organic content of the soil are improved, the soil fertility is increased, and the nutritional requirement of the growth of the pseudo-ginseng is met.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
A. pulverizing sheep manure to a particle fineness of 0.8 cm;
B. adding calcium, magnesium and phosphorus and oil cake, and uniformly mixing to obtain an organic fertilizer raw material; the weight ratio of the sheep manure to the calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and oil cake is 6: 2: 1;
C. adding a microbial fermentation agent and stirring uniformly; the weight ratio of the microbial fermentation inoculum to the organic fertilizer raw material is 1: 10000;
D. watering the organic fertilizer raw material added with the microbial fermentation inoculant until the organic fertilizer raw material is wet, wherein the humidity is 40%;
E. covering with rain cloth for anaerobic fermentation at 45 deg.C with humidity of 35% and pH of 7.0 for 20 days;
F. periodically opening the rain cloth for aeration to perform aerobic fermentation, wherein the humidity is 28%, the temperature is 37 ℃, the pH value is 8.0, and the fermentation time is 20 days.
Wherein the oil cake is prepared from 40 parts by weight of rapeseed dregs, 40 parts by weight of cotton seed dregs and 10 parts by weight of bean dregs.
The microbial fermentation inoculant comprises, by weight, 1.5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1.5 parts of nocardia fusca, 1 part of streptomyces and 2 parts of bacillus stearothermophilus.
Example 4
A method for physically improving pseudo-ginseng soil comprises the following steps:
s1: after the pseudo-ginseng is dug, the residual pseudo-ginseng disease residues are removed after the pseudo-ginseng is dug; reforming a field, laying an irrigation system, preparing for subsequent rice planting, deeply turning and insolating surface soil, and fully sterilizing; and planting rice in the field, performing field management, planting barley after harvesting the rice, and planting the rice again after harvesting the barley.
According to the method, after the rice is harvested, dry farming plants are planted among the fields, so that the blank period of rice planting is filled, the soil desertification is avoided, and the soil activity is kept. The planting period of the barley is in accordance with the rotation planting after the rice is planted. The barley is a local conventional planting crop, is easy to manage, is in crop rotation with rice, and has different quantities and proportions of various nutrients absorbed by various crops from soil, so that the balanced utilization of the soil nutrients can be ensured, and the one-side consumption of the soil nutrients can be avoided. In addition, the developed root system can play the roles of loosening the soil and improving the soil structure. Meanwhile, the barley is planted to improve the content of organic fertilizer in soil, improve the soil fertility and enable the soil to be loose and breathable.
S2 after the rice is harvested, adding the fine sand and the smashed perilla stems and leaves, uniformly mixing, and adding plant ash to control the pH value of the field to be 7-8.2. Wherein the addition amount of the fine sand is 2400 kg/mu; the addition amount of the perilla stem leaves is 2-10 kg/mu.
Wherein the fine sand comprises, by weight, 25 parts of river sand, 35 parts of volcanic rock and 40 parts of coal cinder.
The formula and the proportion of the raw materials of the pseudo-ginseng continuous cropping agent are river sand, volcanic rock and coal cinder, so that the pseudo-ginseng continuous cropping agent is simple and convenient in source, low in cost, high in hygroscopicity and permeability and remarkable in soil improvement effect, has the functions of adsorption and sterilization, can effectively reduce harmful bacteria in soil, can adsorb allelochemicals generated by pseudo-ginseng, can treat continuous cropping obstacles of the pseudo-ginseng and promotes the growth of the pseudo-ginseng.
The invention is beneficial to effectively killing and preventing harmful bacteria in the pseudo-ginseng continuous cropping soil, increasing organic matters in the soil, enhancing the soil fertility, avoiding the caking and solidification of the soil and enhancing the soil permeability by adding the crushed perilla frutescens stems and leaves and fine sand to mix with the soil. By adding the plant ash, the pH value is adjusted, the environment of the soil is improved, the growth of beneficial bacteria and the inhibition of harmful bacteria are facilitated, the sterilization effect of the purple perilla is facilitated, and the disease resistance of the improved soil is improved.
S3, applying an organic fertilizer and then uniformly mixing, wherein the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is 6500-13000 kg/mu. The soil is loosened by adding the organic fertilizer, the air permeability and the organic content of the soil are improved, the soil fertility is increased, and the nutritional requirement of the growth of the pseudo-ginseng is met.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
A. pulverizing sheep manure to a particle fineness of 0.5 cm;
B. adding calcium, magnesium and phosphorus and oil cake, and uniformly mixing to obtain an organic fertilizer raw material; the weight ratio of the sheep manure to the calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and oil cake is 6: 2: 1;
C. adding a microbial fermentation agent and stirring uniformly; the weight ratio of the microbial fermentation inoculum to the organic fertilizer raw material is 1: 10000;
D. watering the organic fertilizer raw material added with the microbial fermentation inoculant until the organic fertilizer raw material is wet, wherein the humidity is 30%;
E. covering with rain cloth for anaerobic fermentation at humidity of 30%, temperature of 40 deg.C, pH of 6.8, and fermentation time of 30 days;
F. periodically opening the rain cloth for aerobic fermentation at a humidity of 25%, a temperature of 40 deg.C, a pH of 8.5, and a fermentation time of 30 days.
The oil cake is prepared from 25 parts by weight of rapeseed dregs, 35 parts by weight of cottonseed dregs and 40 parts by weight of bean dregs.
The microbial fermentation inoculant comprises, by weight, 1 part of bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of nocardia fusca, 1.5 parts of streptomyces and 2 parts of bacillus stearothermophilus.
Reference throughout this specification to multiple illustrative embodiments means that a particular method described in connection with the embodiments is included in at least one embodiment described generally throughout this application. The appearances of the same phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Further, while a method is described in connection with any one embodiment, it is to be understood that it is within the scope of the invention to implement such a method in connection with other embodiments.
Claims (7)
1. A method for physically improving soil of panax notoginseng, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, planting rice on continuous cropping land after planting pseudo-ginseng;
s2, deeply ploughing surface soil on the continuous cropping land after harvesting the rice, adding fine sand and uniformly mixing with the surface soil; the addition amount of the fine sand is 2000-2500 kg/mu;
s3, applying organic fertilizer to the continuous cropping land added with the fine sand and uniformly mixing; the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is 6500-13000 kg/mu;
the fine sand comprises, by weight, 15-50 parts of river sand, 20-50 parts of volcanic rock and 10-50 parts of coal cinder;
after the fine sand is subjected to high-temperature calcination treatment for 2-3 hours, immediately and uniformly mixing the fine sand with surface soil on continuous cropping land;
the fine sand is soaked in a perilla extract for 5-20 days, and the perilla extract is a perilla water extract or an alcohol extract.
2. The method for physically improving soil for panax notoginseng as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice is planted in step S1 in a two-season rotation mode, and dry-farming planting is performed during the rice rotation.
3. The method for physically improving the soil for panax notoginseng as claimed in claim 2, wherein the dry farming planting is broad bean planting or barley planting.
4. The method for physically improving the soil of panax notoginseng as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fine sand is mixed with the stems and leaves of perilla frutescens, added into the continuous cropping land, and added with plant ash to control the pH value of the field to 7-8.2.
5. The method for physically improving the soil of panax notoginseng according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
A. crushing sheep manure to the particle fineness of 0.5-1 cm;
B. adding calcium, magnesium and phosphorus and oil cake, and uniformly mixing to obtain an organic fertilizer raw material; the weight ratio of the sheep manure to the calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and oil cake is 6: 2: 1;
C. adding a microbial fermentation agent and stirring uniformly; the weight ratio of the microbial fermentation inoculum to the organic fertilizer raw material is 1: 10000;
D. watering the organic fertilizer raw material added with the microbial fermentation inoculant until the humidity is 30-50%;
E. covering with a rain cloth for anaerobic fermentation, wherein the humidity is 30-40%, the temperature is 40-50 ℃, the pH value is 6.8-7.5, and the fermentation time is 15-30 days;
F. periodically opening the waterproof cloth for ventilation to perform aerobic fermentation, wherein the humidity is 25-30%, the temperature is 35-40 ℃, the pH value is 7.5-8.5, and the fermentation time is 15-30 days.
6. The method for physically improving soil containing panax notoginseng, as claimed in claim 5, wherein the oil cake is prepared from 15-50 parts by weight of rapeseed dregs, 20-50 parts by weight of cottonseed dregs, and 10-50 parts by weight of bean dregs.
7. The method for physically improving the soil containing pseudo-ginseng according to claim 5, wherein the raw materials of the microbial fermentation inoculant comprise, by weight, 1-2 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1-2 parts of nocardia fusca, 1-1.5 parts of streptomyces and 1-3 parts of bacillus stearothermophilus.
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| CN101803494A (en) * | 2010-04-26 | 2010-08-18 | 北京中医药大学 | Process method for continuous cropping soil of Panax Notoginseng |
| CN101913928A (en) * | 2010-08-02 | 2010-12-15 | 玉溪市维和生物技术有限责任公司 | Compound fertilizer special for pseudoginseng root |
| CN103404343B (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2015-03-18 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | Processing method for shortening rotation cycle of panaxnotoginseng |
| CN104909867A (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2015-09-16 | 随州新欣农业有限公司 | Bioorganic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103992181B (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-01-20 | 丘北县双龙油脂有限责任公司 | A kind of bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN104447127A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-03-25 | 成都新朝阳作物科学有限公司 | Soil conditioner for resisting pseudo-ginseng continuous cropping diseases as well as preparation and application thereof |
| CN104926569A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-09-23 | 云南采神生物科技有限公司 | Biological organic fermentation mineral fertilizer special for panax notoginseng and preparation method thereof |
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- 2016-08-29 CN CN201610742013.5A patent/CN108293344B/en active Active
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