CN103553839B - Special compound fertilizer for corn and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a special compound fertilizer for a corn, and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. The special compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials by weight percent: 30% of tobacco stem, 20% of wheat straw, 25% of animal waste, 3% of traditional Chinese medicine component, 8% of ammonium sulfate, 8% of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 6% of potassium sulphate. The preparation method comprises the following processes: soaking Chinese herbal medicines, water extraction, fermentation, drying, crushing and packaging. By adopting the special compound fertilizer, the Chinese herbal medicine components are added, so that growth of pythium aphanidermatum, rhizoctonia, fusarium and the like can also be inhibited when the special compound fertilizer has the fertilizer function, so that ceitocybe bescens of the corn is prevented; yield reduction of the corn caused by the ceitocybe bescens is removed.

Description

A kind of special compound fertilizer for corns material and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of agricultural fertilizers, especially a kind of special compound fertilizer for corns material and preparation method thereof.

Background technology

Corn is important food crop and cash crop, has statistics to show, its output and cultivated area are only second to paddy rice and wheat, occupy third place in the world, in the people's livelihood and national economy, occupy an important position.Effectively utilize limited land resources, the yield and quality that improves corn is people's direction of making great efforts and eternal problem.Scientific and reasonable fertilising is the importance of high-quality, highly efficient and productive development Maize Production, and after common fertilizer is manured into soil, fertilizer efficiency period is short, and effect is poor.

In central plain area, corn generally, after winter wheat results, by the end of April namely, is sowed at the beginning of 5 months, at present a lot of peasant households are by wheat stalk direct returning to farmland, but, if direct returning to farmland, after corn seeding, wheat stalk is fermentation voluntarily in field, in fermenting process, emit heat the sprouting of seed is had a certain impact, crop also field also increases cost for ploughing, and the nutritive ingredient utilization ratio in stalk is low.Simultaneously, peasant household is the basic mineral manure that uses now, but in recent years along with the increase of rate of fertilizer application, although output has increased, soil fertility declines simultaneously, soil compaction, plough sole is more and more shallow, the lodging of corn later stage is very serious, although country advocates manure use improvement soil energetically, improve the topsoil environment of soil, but because fertilizer uses cumbersome, amount of application is large, and artificial input cost is too high, the manure use so present peasant is unwilling, so peasant uses mineral manure in a large number, exactly because a large amount of uses of mineral manure cause hardening of soil, Soil structure is destroyed.

Fusarium root rot of maize is mainly caused by pythium spp, rhizoctonia, sickle-like bacteria etc.The root rot being caused by pythium spp, main manifestations is mesocotyl and browning, the deliquescing gradually of whole root system, rots, and root growth is seriously obstructed; Plant is short and small, yellow leaf, death of seedling.The root rot being caused by rhizoctonia, scab mainly occurs on fibrous root and mesocotyl, and scab brown, expands gradually along mesocotyl, and band girdle plumular axis also causes the plumular axis contracting, withered of hanging.Disease infects when serious, can cause that seedling leaves is withered and yellow until plant is withered.By the microbial root rot of reaping hook, main manifestations is that the tender part of the children of root system end presents Vandyke brown and rots, and organizes downright bad gradually; There is brown stain, rot in the mesocotyl bottom being connected with seed; The most advanced and sophisticated flavescence of plant leaf, causes plant dead when disease is serious.

There is no at present the organic-inorganic composite fertilizer containing traditional Chinese medicinal components of corn special use, therefore in the urgent need to a kind of fertilizer, meet on the one hand the needs of high-yield fertilization, can improve again on the other hand the physico-chemical property of soil, reach the object of improvement soil, meanwhile, can also control of maize root rot.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a kind of special compound fertilizer for corns material and preparation method thereof, take agricultural-food stalk, animal excrement, traditional Chinese medicinal components and be raw material, and added the inorganic salt such as ammonium sulfate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, potassium sulfate; Prepared the compound manure containing traditional Chinese medicinal components, this compound manure fertilizer efficiency is high, and fertility is lasting, can significantly increase agricultural output, and has excellent insecticidal effect.

The technical scheme that technical solution problem of the present invention is taked is:

A special compound fertilizer for corns material, is characterized in that, by the raw material of following weight percent, is prepared:

Tobacco cane 30%, wheat stalk 20%, animal excrement 25%, traditional Chinese medicinal components 3%; Ammonium sulfate 8%, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 8%, potassium sulfate 6%;

Described traditional Chinese medicinal components comprises the component of following weight part: 10 parts of jerusalem artichokes, 6 parts, Chinese prickly ash, 10 parts of yellow chinaberrys, 3 parts of tarragons, 2 parts of dittanies, 3 parts of balloonflower roots, 4 parts of thorn apples, 3 parts of Radix Rhapontici seu Radix Echinopsis, 2 parts of black false hellebores, 8 parts of Cortex Meliaees, 3 parts of Ramulus et Folium Pcrasmae (Cortex Picrasmae)s, 1 part of betel nut, 10 parts of Cortex ulmi pumilae, 5 parts of Cortex Ailanthi, 2 parts of Williams Elder Twig, 2 parts of decomposite leaf violets, 7 parts, weeping willow leaf, 7 parts of Discarded Tobaccos.

The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of special compound fertilizer for corns material, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

(1) by above-mentioned weight percent and weight part, prepare raw material;

(2) the traditional Chinese medicinal components jerusalem artichoke taking, Chinese prickly ash, yellow chinaberry, tarragon, dittany, balloonflower root, thorn apple, Radix Rhapontici seu Radix Echinopsis, black false hellebore, Cortex Meliae, Ramulus et Folium Pcrasmae (Cortex Picrasmae), betel nut, Cortex ulmi pumilae, Cortex Ailanthi, Williams Elder Twig, decomposite leaf violet, weeping willow leaf, Discarded Tobacco are put into container, add 5 times of water soakings 2 hours, then heat 2 hours, leach filtrate, for filtrate one, filter residue is put back in container again, add twice water, heat 1 hour, filtering filtrate, obtains filtrate two, merging filtrate one and filtrate two, obtain herb liquid, filter residue is standby;

(3) tobacco cane, wheat stalk are pulverized respectively, be added in fermentation vat, then the filter residue that adds animal excrement and step (2) to obtain, mix, the herb liquid obtaining in step (2) is cooled to 30-40 ℃, is then evenly sprayed in fermentation vat, ferment 15 days, every 4 days stirrings once, obtain fermentation material;

(4) fermentation material of processing through step (3) proceeds to drying machine, and to be dried to water content be 15wt%, pulverizes, then add ammonium sulfate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, the potassium sulfate taking in step (1), mixes, and packs and get final product.

The application process of above-mentioned fertilizer, is characterized in that, before corn planting, as base manure, uses every mu of consumption 40-60kg.

Beneficial effect of the present invention:

The present invention is by agriculture waste residues such as tobacco cane, wheat stalk, animal excrement, domestic refuse recycles, also having added herbal medicine ferments, improved raw-material utility value, both contained and enriched active organic composition, can activating soil, increased again beneficial microorganism amount, significantly increase crop yield.Traditional Chinese medicinal components has the effect of desinsection, sterilization, in addition, the present invention has also added the traditional Chinese medicinal components of desinsection class, when making it have fertilizer function, can also suppress the growth of pythium spp, rhizoctonia, sickle-like bacteria etc., thereby control of maize root rot, eliminates the corn yield causing because of root rot and reduces.Meanwhile, tobacco stem stalk also has the effect of antibacterial desinsection, and traditional Chinese medicinal components is played to synergism.

Embodiment

Embodiment

A tuberous plant dedicated fertilizer, filling a prescription is: tobacco cane 30%, wheat stalk 20%, animal excrement 25%, traditional Chinese medicinal components 3%; Ammonium sulfate 8%, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 8%, potassium sulfate 6%; Described traditional Chinese medicinal components comprises the component of following weight part: 10 parts of jerusalem artichokes, 6 parts, Chinese prickly ash, 10 parts of yellow chinaberrys, 3 parts of tarragons, 2 parts of dittanies, 3 parts of balloonflower roots, 4 parts of thorn apples, 3 parts of Radix Rhapontici seu Radix Echinopsis, 2 parts of black false hellebores, 8 parts of Cortex Meliaees, 3 parts of Ramulus et Folium Pcrasmae (Cortex Picrasmae)s, 1 part of betel nut, 10 parts of Cortex ulmi pumilae, 5 parts of Cortex Ailanthi, 2 parts of Williams Elder Twig, 2 parts of decomposite leaf violets, 7 parts, weeping willow leaf, 7 parts of Discarded Tobaccos.

Preparation method:

(1) by above-mentioned weight percent and weight part, prepare raw material;

(2) the traditional Chinese medicinal components jerusalem artichoke taking, Chinese prickly ash, yellow chinaberry, tarragon, dittany, balloonflower root, thorn apple, Radix Rhapontici seu Radix Echinopsis, black false hellebore, Cortex Meliae, Ramulus et Folium Pcrasmae (Cortex Picrasmae), betel nut, Cortex ulmi pumilae, Cortex Ailanthi, Williams Elder Twig, decomposite leaf violet, weeping willow leaf, Discarded Tobacco are put into container, add 5 times of water soakings 2 hours, then heat 2 hours, leach filtrate, for filtrate one, filter residue is put back in container again, add twice water, heat 1 hour, filtering filtrate, obtains filtrate two, merging filtrate one and filtrate two, obtain herb liquid, filter residue is standby;

(3) tobacco cane, wheat stalk are pulverized respectively, be added in fermentation vat, then the filter residue that adds animal excrement and step (2) to obtain, mix, the herb liquid obtaining in step (2) is cooled to 30-40 ℃, is then evenly sprayed in fermentation vat, ferment 15 days, every 4 days stirrings once, obtain fermentation material;

(4) fermentation material of processing through step (3) proceeds to drying machine, and to be dried to water content be 15wt%, pulverizes, then add ammonium sulfate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, the potassium sulfate taking in step (1), mixes, and packs and get final product.

Special compound fertilizer for corns material of the present invention is for corn planting, and corn planting adds during front whole ground, every mu of consumption 40-60kg.

Fertilizer in above-described embodiment is for the plantation of corn.Service condition is as follows:

Experimental group and control group are all set 3 groups.For examination soil: moisture soil, physical features is smooth, and water flowing, water conservancy condition are better, fertile soil; For trying object: corn.

Experimental group: use compound manure of the present invention, experimental group 1 uses that 50kg, experimental group 2 use 60kg, experimental group 3 is used 70kg, when crop is broadcast preplanting treatment, evenly be sprinkled into, 1/2 of every mu of consumption total amount, when corn grows 30-50 centimetre, use again 1/4 of total amount for every mu, after emerging one month, use 1/4 for every mu.

Control group: use the mineral manure such as commercially available urea, potassium sulfate, control group 1 every mu use mineral manure 40kg, minute use every minor tick one month for three times; Control group 2 every mu use mineral manure 50kg, minute use every minor tick one month for three times; Control group 3 every mu use mineral manure 60kg, minute use every minor tick one month for three times.

Other management conditions are all consistent.

Experimental group and control group all carry out 3 groups of Experimental Comparisons, are applied to corn, and experimental result sees the following form 1.

Table 1. corn contrast and experiment

Using special compound fertilizer for corns material of the present invention has phenomenal growth effect to corn, can substitute comparatively expensive mineral manure.Experimental group is compared with control group, average mu units increased in production is respectively 102kg, 109kg, 104kg, stimulation ratio is 25.4%, 31.6%, 33.4%, average stimulation ratio 31.7%, according to 2.5 yuan of calculating of the average market value of per kilogram corn, average mu gain is respectively 330 yuan, 415 yuan, 435 yuan, and average mu gain is 393.3 yuan.

Fertilizer cost is lower, and the price of mineral manure is approximately 1600 yuan/ton, and special compound fertilizer for corns material cost of the present invention is lower, about 1000 yuan/ton, or lower, fertilizer expenditure, experimental group fertilizer expenditure is 60 yuan, and control group fertilizer expenditure is 80 yuan, and every mu of fertilizer expenditure is saved 20 yuan.

Overall calculating, uses special compound fertilizer for corns material of the present invention and carries out corn plantation, and the economic benefit of average every mu of increase is 393.3+20=413.3 unit.

The incidence of observing fusarium root rot of maize, in control group corn planting process, finds that there is the phenomenon of a large amount of root rot, carries out pesticide application, is not just caused large loss.Experimental group only has and has on a small quantity fusarium root rot of maize phenomenon.

In addition, adopt the soil quality of special compound fertilizer for corns material of the present invention to increase, the infiltration of soil, water conservation, venting capability strengthen.

Claims (1)

1. a special compound fertilizer for corns material, is characterized in that, by the raw material of following weight percent, is prepared:

Tobacco cane 30%, wheat stalk 20%, animal excrement 25%, traditional Chinese medicinal components 3%; Ammonium sulfate 8%, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 8%, potassium sulfate 6%;

Described traditional Chinese medicinal components comprises the component of following weight part: 10 parts of jerusalem artichokes, 6 parts, Chinese prickly ash, 10 parts of yellow chinaberrys, 3 parts of tarragons, 2 parts of dittanies, 3 parts of balloonflower roots, 4 parts of thorn apples, 3 parts of Radix Rhapontici seu Radix Echinopsis, 2 parts of black false hellebores, 8 parts of Cortex Meliaees, 3 parts of Ramulus et Folium Pcrasmae (Cortex Picrasmae)s, 1 part of betel nut, 10 parts of Cortex ulmi pumilae, 5 parts of Cortex Ailanthi, 2 parts of Williams Elder Twig, 2 parts of decomposite leaf violets, 7 parts, weeping willow leaf, 7 parts of Discarded Tobaccos;

The preparation method of this special compound fertilizer for corns material comprises the following steps:

(1) by above-mentioned weight percent and weight part, prepare raw material;

(2) the traditional Chinese medicinal components jerusalem artichoke taking, Chinese prickly ash, yellow chinaberry, tarragon, dittany, balloonflower root, thorn apple, Radix Rhapontici seu Radix Echinopsis, black false hellebore, Cortex Meliae, Ramulus et Folium Pcrasmae (Cortex Picrasmae), betel nut, Cortex ulmi pumilae, Cortex Ailanthi, Williams Elder Twig, decomposite leaf violet, weeping willow leaf, Discarded Tobacco are put into container, add 5 times of water soakings 2 hours, then heat 2 hours, leach filtrate, for filtrate one, filter residue is put back in container again, add twice water, heat 1 hour, filtering filtrate, obtains filtrate two, merging filtrate one and filtrate two, obtain herb liquid, filter residue is standby;

(3) tobacco cane, wheat stalk are pulverized respectively, be added in fermentation vat, then the filter residue that adds animal excrement and step (2) to obtain, mix, the herb liquid obtaining in step (2) is cooled to 30-40 ℃, is then evenly sprayed in fermentation vat, ferment 15 days, every 4 days stirrings once, obtain fermentation material;

(4) fermentation material of processing through step (3) proceeds to drying machine, and to be dried to water content be 15wt%, pulverizes, then add ammonium sulfate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, the potassium sulfate taking in step (1), mixes, and packs and get final product.