CN103404343B - Processing method for shortening rotation cycle of panaxnotoginseng - Google Patents
Processing method for shortening rotation cycle of panaxnotoginseng Download PDFInfo
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- CN103404343B CN103404343B CN201310345055.1A CN201310345055A CN103404343B CN 103404343 B CN103404343 B CN 103404343B CN 201310345055 A CN201310345055 A CN 201310345055A CN 103404343 B CN103404343 B CN 103404343B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for shortening a rotation cycle of panaxnotoginseng. The method comprises a first step of performing field clearing, impurity removal, exposure and frost sterilization in the harvest year; a second step of on a first year, performing soil sterilization and adjusting a soil pH value in spring, planting corn or rice after shallow plowing, performing straw burning and earth baking and deep tillage of soil and drying in the sun, and planting green manure; a third step of on a second year, performing green manure harvesting overturning pressing in spring, improving the soil, perform soil preparation to plant marigold, and in autumn enabling marigold straw to return to fields to kill underground nematodes, and performing soil preparation to plant wheat; a fourth step of on a third year, harvesting the wheat in spring and enabling the straw to return to the fields, performing soil preparation to plant upland rice, harvesting the upland rice in autumn, performing deep tillage of soil and drying in the sun, applying a soil conditioner and a continuous cropping soil correction special fertilizer, performing piling and building sheds in winter, opening an air window, performing soil preparation to form rectangular pieces of land in the fields, and planting panaxnotoginseng. According to the method, panaxnotoginseng can continue being planted in planting land parcels at an interval of three years, continuous cropping obstacles are effectively prevented, the rotation cycle of panaxnotoginseng is shortened, and the method is simple and practical.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of control notoginseng obstacle, shorten the method for pseudo-ginseng rotation cycle, belong to traditional Chinese medicine planting technology.
Background technology:
Pseudo-ginseng (Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen) is araliaceae ginseng plant, is the rare traditional Chinese medicine had won fame both at home and abroad, and the famous pharmacy man Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.) of the Ming Dynasty is called " invaluable ".The distinctive living resources of pseudo-ginseng Ye Shi China, are mainly used as medicine with root welding technology, have effect that is promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, detumescence ding-tong.Yunnan mountain of papers and surrounding area thereof are the place of production maximum with current pseudo-ginseng, one of pseudo-ginseng Genuine producing area, are named as in " township of Chinese pseudo-ginseng ".The existing every Annual planting area of mountain of papers pseudo-ginseng is 10Khm
2, annual production reaches 1,000 ten thousand kilograms, year nearly 6,000,000,000 yuan of agriculture value, area, output all account for the whole nation more than 98%.Pseudo-ginseng industry occupies critical role in traditional Chinese medicine and the national economic development.
In agricultural production, after same crop or nearly edge continuous cropping, even if when normal management, also can produce the phenomenon that output reduces, product qualitative change is bad, bearing status is deteriorated, Here it is continuous cropping obstacle.It is very serious that notoginseng planting produces upper Soil-sickness Problem, and the rotation cycle of more than land requirement 8-10 could continue plantation.Due to the particularity of Panax notoginseng Growth environment and the narrow and small property of suitable planting area distribution, Soil-sickness Problem causes notoginseng planting soil circulation difficulty, and then it is very nervous to define pseudo-ginseng suitable planting plot, and presented suitable planting region to secondary zone-transfer aptly, have impact on the lifting of pseudo-ginseng Quality and yield, and seriously govern the sound development of China's pseudo-ginseng industry.
The reason of notoginseng obstacle is mainly classified as that soil harmful microorganism increases, soil-borne disease increases the weight of, soil secondary salinization and acidifying, soil physical and chemical property worsen and trace element wanes and plant Auto toxicity etc.The present invention is on the basis of Panax notoginseng Growth development habit and field production planting habit, for the reason of notoginseng obstacle, set up a set of effective control notoginseng Effects, significantly shorten the pseudo-ginseng rotation cycle (3 years, interval), alleviate a difficult problem for notoginseng planting soil circulation difficulty and suitable planting plot anxiety, ensure quality and the genuineness of pseudo-ginseng, promote the sustainable development of pseudo-ginseng industry.The method prevents and treats continuous cropping obstacle to instructing other traditional Chinese medicines, and the shortening rotation cycle also has good reference function.
By literature search, the open report identical with the present invention is had no.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide one can effectively prevent and treat notoginseng obstacle, significantly shorten the method for pseudo-ginseng rotation cycle, thus improve land utilization rate, alleviate plantation soil, the pseudo-ginseng place of production nervous, ensure pseudo-ginseng quality and genuineness.Principle of the present invention adopts to be exposed to the sun, a heatable brick bed soil, plough deeply, washing and science build the physics mode of canopy, efficent rotation and green manuring agricultural practices, plantation natural plants Aztec marigold kills underground nematode, suppress soil germ and the biological mode imposing the soil conditioner that agricultural wastes make, and the chemical mode of liming and balance fertilizing, suppress pathogenic soil microorganism, kill underground nematode, alleviate soil acidification and salt accumulation, reduce autotoxicity, improvement soil structure, balanced soil nutrient and improve pseudo-ginseng booth structure, with the use of carrying out integrated control notoginseng obstacle, shorten the pseudo-ginseng rotation cycle.The present invention is by the integrated approach means of agricultural, physics, biological and chemical, suppress pathogenic soil microorganism, kill underground nematode, alleviate soil acidification and salt accumulation, reduction autotoxicity, improvement soil structure, balanced soil nutrient and improve pseudo-ginseng booth structure, thus can at interval 3 years plantation plot continue plantation pseudo-ginseng, effective control continuous cropping obstacle, shorten the pseudo-ginseng rotation cycle, and method is simple.
The invention provides a kind of method shortening the pseudo-ginseng rotation cycle, it is as follows that technical scheme comprises step:
(1) gather then
A. field cleaning removal of impurities,
B. be exposed to the sun and frost sterilization;
(2) First Year
A. soil disinfection in spring and adjustment soil pH value, maize planting or paddy rice,
B. autumn crop straw burning a heatable brick bed soil, soil deep tillage a heatable brick bed shine and green manuring;
(3) Second Year
A. spring, green manure harvesting turned over, and planted Aztec marigold wholely,
B. autumn Aztec marigold straw-returning, plant wheat wholely;
(4) the 3rd years
A. spring wheat harvesting and straw-returning, plant dryland rice wholely,
B. dryland rice harvesting in autumn, soil deep tillage a heatable brick bed shines, and uses soil conditioner and continuous cropping soil rectification special fertilizer;
C. winter, canopy was built in piling,
Do furrow, field planting pseudo-ginseng d. wholely.
Preferably, wherein in step (1),
A. field cleaning removal of impurities, refers to, removes cool canopy facility after within 3 years seven, gathering, and to be all scavenged into outside field together with the residual body of pseudo-ginseng by railway carriage or compartment, field grass and to burn;
B. be exposed to the sun and frost sterilization, refer to, after the cleaning removal of impurities of field, allow old pseudo-ginseng furrow face under the sun, carry out be exposed to the sun a heatable brick bed soil and frost, kill field germ, meanwhile, remove long-pending soil in furrow ditch, in order to field drainage, rinse out salt ion excessive in furrow table soil in time.
Preferably, in step (2),
A step is specially,
On old pseudo-ginseng furrow face, spread fertilizer over the fields one deck quicklime and fused calcium magnesium phosphate after rain carry out soil disinfection and regulate soil pH value, then furrow face table soil is carried out shallowly turning over soil moisture conservation, adopt dig a pit, hole, etc. program request corn or rice cultivation;
B step is specially,
Corn maturation is gathered afterwards in time, and by cornstalk uniform spreading on furrow face, within airing 5-7 days, carry out a heatable brick bed soil with baked wheaten cake stalk afterwards, and uniform spreading after the residual corn straw collecting do not burnt completely is executed furrow ditch, adopt agricultural machinery or farm cattle that furrow body is ploughed deeply more than 25cm to Qi Gou direction, both sides after stalk burn off in time, carry out a heatable brick bed solarization, soil a heatable brick bed is suitable afterwards about shining two weeks harrows whole rear sowing leguminous green manure sweet potato by soil; Or,
After paddy rice ripe and harvested by rice straw uniform spreading in field, within airing 5-7 days, carry out a heatable brick bed soil afterwards with baked wheaten cake stalk, and carry out field and plough deeply a heatable brick bed and shine, soil a heatable brick bed shines after about two weeks harrows whole rear sowing leguminous green manure sweet potato by soil.
Preferably, in step (3),
A step is specially,
Treat that field green manure grows into and contain flower to thanking to the florescence, green manure is turned over, after soil a heatable brick bed shines 30 days, soil is harrowed evenly whole, do furrow field planting Aztec marigold wholely;
B step is specially,
After field fresh marigold flower gathers end, field Aztec marigold stem stalk is chopped to the long segment of 10-15cm, and is evenly sprinkling upon field, plough in the soil layer of 0 ~ 25cm by Aztec marigold bar, soil is harrowed whole even sowing wheat after shining two weeks by soil a heatable brick bed.
Preferably, in step (4),
A step is specially, and gathers in time after wheat maturation, and is smashed by straw and be sprinkling upon field, is ploughed by rice straw in the soil layer of 0 ~ 25cm, is harrowed by soil evenly whole after soil a heatable brick bed shines 20 days, sowing dryland rice;
B step is specially, gather in time after the dryland rice maturation of field, rear rice straw collection will be gathered in, bundle will be good for subsequent use, rice stub is ploughed deeply more than 25cm, after soil a heatable brick bed is shone 20 days, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields soil conditioner and continuous cropping soil rectification formula fertilizer in field, after quicklime is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in field, soil is carried out second time after two weeks and turn over rake.
Step c is specially, and gets cultivation column ready by 2.0m × 2.0m, and the long 2.4m of upright post rod, spreads iron wire and fix, interval bedding ceiling grass and sunshade net, cool canopy height with apart from ground 2.0m, apart from bottom of trench 2.3m;
Step d is specially,
Mid or late January late December to next year, do furrow, field planting pseudo-ginseng wholely, high 20 ~ the 25cm of level land ridge-up bed, hillside fields ridge-up bed is high is 15 ~ 20cm, furrow face width 140 ~ 150cm, furrow furrow width 50 ~ 60cm, pan tile shape is made in furrow face, and furrow soil accomplishes lower Song Shangshi, by pseudo-ginseng planting seedlings, field planting seeding row spacing density 10cm × 17cm, covers one deck soil after planting, after pseudo-ginseng field planting is good, furrow face is directly surperficial at furrow soil with the even bedding of rice straw, then on straw, covers one deck mulch film again.
Preferably, in step (4), described soil conditioner with bagasse and saccharomycete for raw material is made, concrete preparation method is, cane mill is squeezed sugar latter accessory substance bagasse stack retting spontaneous fermentation 5-6 month, then add saccharomycete according to the ratio of bagasse quality 0.5% to mix, consumption is 1000 kgs/acre.
Preferably, in step (4), it is be made at 70: 15: 12: 2.5: 0.5 by weight proportion with fused calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium chloride, ammonium nitrate, zinc sulphate and borax that described continuous cropping soil corrects formula fertilizer, and consumption is 100 kgs/acre.
Preferably, in step (4), described quicklime consumption is 20-30 kg/acre.
Concrete technical operation of the present invention is as follows:
(1) gather then
A. field cleaning removal of impurities
Within 3 years seven, after 8-12 month gathers, (commodity seven were gathered in the 8-10 month, adopt red seed pseudo-ginseng to gather in November-December), the sunshade net (or ceiling grass) of cool canopy, iron wire and field column (wooden fork bar) are built in timely dismounting field, the collection of column, iron wire and sunshade net is put well, and railway carriage or compartment, field grass (pine tag, mountain grass or crops straw) to be all scavenged into outside field together with the residual body of pseudo-ginseng and to burn.
B. be exposed to the sun and frost sterilization
After field cleaning removal of impurities is carried out in old pseudo-ginseng garden, be directly exposed to the sun a heatable brick bed soil and frost are carried out in furrow face, Rang Lao seven garden under the sun in the winter time, kill field germ.Meanwhile, remove long-pending soil in furrow ditch, in order to field drainage, rinse out salt ion excessive in furrow table soil in time.
(2) First Year
A. spring, bed surface shallowly turned over maize planting (Pingba area with good conditionsi can directly field retaining to turn over rear rice cultivation).
At the beginning of 5 months, on furrow face, old pseudo-ginseng garden, spread fertilizer over the fields one deck quicklime (amount of application 50 kgs/acre) and fused calcium magnesium phosphate (amount of application 50 kgs/acre) after lower mistake saturating rain carry out soil disinfection and regulate soil pH value, then furrow face table soil rotovator or farm cattle are carried out shallowly turning over soil moisture conservation (being generally no more than 15cm), note when turning over not destroying furrow body, and long-pending mamoty will to be tumbled in furrow ditch dig furrow face, in order to draining.After rainy season set (mid or late May to 6 month at the beginning of), adopt program request corn of digging a pit, hole, etc.Utilize the feature that gramineous crop Corn Biomass is large and fertilizer sucting ability is strong, carry out efficent rotation and fully absorb in old pseudo-ginseng garden not absorbing fertilizer completely, reduce soil salt, improve soil structure.
Pingba area with good conditionsi, can carry out field retaining immersion, direct rice cultivation after Soil tillage when rainy season set.Utilize rice field-upland field rotation, fully absorb residual fertilizer in old pseudo-ginseng garden, reduce soil salt, improve soil structure, kill field germ and soil insect.
B. autumn, maize straw burned a heatable brick bed soil, the solarization of soil deep tillage a heatable brick bed and green manuring (sweet potato).
Late September, to early and middle ten days in October, gathers in time after field corn maturation, and by cornstalk uniform spreading on furrow face, within airing 5-7 days, carries out a heatable brick bed soil afterwards with baked wheaten cake stalk, and uniform spreading after the residual corn straw collecting do not burnt completely is executed furrow ditch.Adopt agricultural machinery or farm cattle that furrow body is ploughed deeply (requiring at more than 25cm) to Qi Gou direction, both sides after stalk burn off in time and carry out a heatable brick bed solarization, require furrow ditch to turn over to bury, and Land leveling, nothing are balked.Utilize crop straw burning a heatable brick bed soil and soil deep tillage, kill soil table germ and insect, improve soil structure condition.Soil a heatable brick bed shines after about two weeks (generally by the end of October to 11 month at the beginning of) suitably simply harrows whole rear sowing leguminous green manure sweet potato by soil.
If Pingba area rice cultivation, when paddy rice is ripe, ditch water discharge is played in field, after paddy rice harvesting by rice straw uniform spreading in field, within airing 5-7 days, carry out a heatable brick bed soil with baked wheaten cake stalk afterwards, and carry out field and plough deeply a heatable brick bed solarization.Soil a heatable brick bed shines after about two weeks (generally by the end of October to 11 month at the beginning of) suitably simply harrows whole rear sowing leguminous green manure sweet potato by soil.
(3) Second Year
A. green manure gathered in good time and turned over spring, planted Aztec marigold wholely
Mid or late April, treat that field green manure (sweet potato) grows into and contain flower to thanking to the florescence, adopt agricultural machinery or farm cattle to be turned over by green manure in good time.Utilize plantation and turn over green manure, improving or recover the physics of soil, chemistry and biological property, increasing soil organic fertilizer and trace element.
Soil a heatable brick bed shines (mid or late May) after about 20 days and is harrowed by soil evenly whole, does furrow field planting Aztec marigold wholely.During plantation Aztec marigold, vegetative period suitably topdresses according to field plant growing way.
B. autumn Aztec marigold straw-returning, plant wheat wholely
Mid or late September-early October, after field fresh marigold flower is gathered and terminated, with cutter, field Aztec marigold stem stalk is chopped to the long segment of 10-15cm, and is evenly sprinkling upon field, adopt agricultural machinery or farm cattle to be ploughed in the soil layer of 0 ~ 25cm by Aztec marigold bar.To utilize Aztec marigold can kill root-knot nematode and antibacterial biologically active, bionomic control and kill root-knot nematode, suppresses soil germ.
Soil a heatable brick bed shines after about two weeks (mid or late October), soil is harrowed whole evenly after sow wheat.Suitably topdress according to field crops growing way.
(4) the 3rd years
A. spring wheat harvesting and straw-returning, plant dryland rice wholely
Mid or late April-early or mid May, gather in time after wheat maturation, and straw is smashed be sprinkling upon field, adopt agricultural machinery or farm cattle to be ploughed in the soil layer of 0 ~ 25cm by rice straw.Soil a heatable brick bed shines (mid or late May) after about 20 days and is harrowed by soil evenly whole, sowing dryland rice.
B. dryland rice harvesting in autumn, soil deep tillage a heatable brick bed shines, and uses soil conditioner and continuous cropping soil rectification special fertilizer
Early or mid October, gather in time after the dryland rice maturation of field, rear rice straw collection will be gathered in, bundle is good for subsequent use, adopt agricultural machinery or farm cattle to be ploughed deeply by rice stub (requiring at more than 25cm).Soil a heatable brick bed is shone (early November) after about 20 days, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields soil conditioner in field, soil conditioner with bagasse and saccharomycete for raw material is made.Concrete preparation method is, cane mill is squeezed sugar latter accessory substance bagasse stack retting spontaneous fermentation 5-6 month, then add saccharomycete according to 0.5% ratio of bagasse quality to mix, consumption is 1000 kgs/acre and continuous cropping soil rectification formula fertilizer, with fused calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium chloride, ammonium nitrate, zinc sulphate and borax in mass ratio example 70: 15: 12: 2.5: 0.5 be made into, consumption is 100 kgs/acre, and adopts rotovator or rake to be mixed with soil by above-mentioned substance.After two weeks (late November) after field evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields quicklime 20-30 kg/acre, soil is carried out second time and turns over rake.
C. winter, canopy was built in piling
Early or mid December, canopy is built in piling.Employing ceiling grass (Chinese fir twig, reed) is mixed with Special sun net does pseudo-ginseng cool canopy, the illumination of Reasonable adjustment cool canopy, in order to the ventilation wet down in canopy.Get ready by 2.0m × 2.0m and plant column (the long 2.4m of upright post rod), spread iron wire and fix, interval bedding ceiling grass (4m) and bedding sunshade screen specially for noto ginseng (4m).When bedding ceiling is careless, after the little bar of every empty placement 5-6 root (fine bamboo strip or thin iron wire), caping canopy is careless again, adds 2 ~ 3 press strips, light modulation, fixing.During bedding sunshade net, place film-pressing line (iron wire) in the middle part of the large bar of two rows, every sky iron wire is made " people " shape and is strained by film-pressing line, is fixed on pseudo-ginseng fork middle part, left and right two, makes cool canopy be " M " type, in order to windproof and draining.Cool canopy height, with apart from ground about 2.0m, is advisable apart from bottom of trench about 2.3m.Column iron wire strained by limit, garden land used hitching post.The materials such as cool canopy surrounding sunshade net carry out fence, and fence is made movable adjustable apart from the sunshade net of ceiling 50cm, so that rainy season is by putting down surrounding fence top sunshade net, ventilating, regulating garden humidity, control disease.Garden surrounding is corresponding reserves garden door, about gate-width 100cm, rectangle, to pass in and out farming operation.
Do furrow, field planting pseudo-ginseng d. wholely
Late December, to Second Year mid or late January, does furrow wholely, field planting pseudo-ginseng.High 20 ~ the 25cm of level land ridge-up bed, hillside fields ridge-up bed is high is 15 ~ 20cm, furrow face width 140 ~ 150cm, furrow furrow width 50 ~ 60cm.Pan tile shape is made in furrow face, and furrow soil accomplishes lower Song Shangshi, to improve soil permeability.By pseudo-ginseng seedling size classification, field planting respectively.Before field planting, pseudo-ginseng seedling (sub-bar) Sandofan 1000 times soaks sterilization in 3-5 minute, then takes out to spread out and dries.Field planting seeding row spacing density 12cm × 17cm, covers one deck soil after planting.After pseudo-ginseng field planting is good, furrow face is directly surperficial at furrow soil with the even bedding of rice straw, and cladding thickness does not expose for principle to show soil.After rice straw mulching is good, water a normal root water in time, require to water even, irrigate, with clear water, avoid with mixed water.Then on straw, cover one deck mulch film again, moisturizing is cold-proof.
(5) field management during Panax notoginseng Growth
A. film weeding is taken off
Early or mid March, when pseudo-ginseng is broken ground and emerges, takes off film in time, emerges neatly in order to pseudo-ginseng.To weed out the rank grass in time simultaneously, prevent from striving fertilizer with pseudo-ginseng, striving water, reduce disease worm and propagate; As root is exposed, earth up in time.
B. irrigation and drainage
Pseudo-ginseng, in growth and development process, adhere to certain soil moisture.Arid season, notes watering, and accomplishes light, even, suitable, saturating, does not water violent water, muddy water.Rainy season cleans out a drain, and notes draining, accomplishes that, without ponding in garden, outside garden, water is unimpeded.
C. topdress
In breeding time, to topdress in good time, grasp " appropriate repeatedly " principle.Field planting First Year imposed potassium nitrate 6-8 kg/acre (suitably increasing and decreasing depending on field growing way) respectively in mid or late May and mid or late September, adopted to be watered to water to execute or spread fertilizer over the fields after rain, noted directly not imposing on pseudo-ginseng blade face when topdressing.Field planting Second Year early or mid January, cut stalk in conjunction with pseudo-ginseng and remove residual body on the ground, furrow face straw is opened (not hurting pseudo-ginseng bud head), evenly spread fertilizer over the fields barnyard manure 1000 kgs/acre (high-temperature sterilization wanted by barnyard manure in furrow face, and fully become thoroughly decomposed more than 6 months), to execute after barnyard manure mulching straw again.Field planting Second Year mid or late April and mid or late July impose potassium nitrate 10-12 kg/acre (suitably increasing and decreasing depending on field growing way) respectively, adopt to be watered to water or spread fertilizer over the fields after rain, note directly not imposing on pseudo-ginseng blade face when topdressing.At ordinary times in conjunction with the field extermination of disease and insect pest, spray 2-4 amino acids foliage fertilizer every year.
D. temp. and humidity is regulated
In general rainy season, the movable sunshade net of surrounding fence is put down 30-50cm, increase in garden and ventilate, reduce garden humidity; When Wen Gaofeng is large, open lee face garden door, garden, windward side door opens the first half, closes the latter half and makes garden inner air convection; Cold snap garden door complete shut-down.Note field control water, it is better that general field soil humidity remains on 17% ~ 20% water-holding capacity.
E. overwinter management
Winter cuts off plant, and removing weeds, impose barnyard manure; With Baume 0.5 degree of lime sulfur or 1: 1: 100 times of bordeaux mixture, spray seven gardens, grass is added a cover in furrow face, suitably earths up, and on straw covering with plastic film, moisturizing is cold-proof.
F. cool canopy management
Timely adjustment, repairing cool canopy, favourable adjustment light transmittance, ensures pseudo-ginseng normal growth.Generally emerge leaf stretching period, cool canopy can not be overstocked, prevents from forming high pedopathy.Within 2 years, pseudo-ginseng cool canopy keeps the light transmittance of 20%-25%, and within 3 years, raw sangqi ginseng keeps 25% light transmittance early stage, the light transmittance of later stage maintenance 30%-40%.
G. prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time.
There is the diseases such as blackspot, root-rot, epidemic disease and white powder in field, the insect pests such as aphid, scale insect, slug, select suitable agricultural chemicals to prevent and treat.
The beneficial effect of this technological invention is, can at interval 3 years plantation plot continue plantation pseudo-ginseng, seedling rate is deposited in pseudo-ginseng field can reach 70% ~ 85%, output can reach 150-180 kg/acre, thus effectively prevent and treat continuous cropping obstacle, shorten the pseudo-ginseng rotation cycle, alleviate the nervous contradiction in soil, producing region, and method is simple.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of technical solution of the present invention.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
(1) gather then
A. field cleaning removal of impurities
Within 3 years, commodity seven are after gathering September, the sunshade net of cool canopy, iron wire and field column are built in timely dismounting field, the collection of column, iron wire and sunshade net is put well, and railway carriage or compartment, field grass (pine tag) is all scavenged into outside field together with the residual body of pseudo-ginseng burns.
B. be exposed to the sun and frost sterilization
Directly be exposed to the sun a heatable brick bed soil and frost are carried out in furrow face, Rang Lao seven garden under the sun in the winter time, kill field germ.Meanwhile, remove long-pending soil in furrow ditch, in order to field drainage, rinse out salt ion excessive in bed table soil in time.
(2) First Year
A. spring, bed surface shallowly turned over maize planting.
At the beginning of 5 months, on furrow face, old pseudo-ginseng garden, spread fertilizer over the fields one deck quicklime (amount of application 50 kgs/acre) and fused calcium magnesium phosphate (amount of application 50 kgs/acre) after lower mistake saturating rain carry out soil disinfection and regulate soil pH value, then furrow face table soil is carried out shallowly turning over soil moisture conservation with farm cattle, and long-pending mamoty will to be tumbled in furrow ditch dig furrow face, in order to draining.Late May, adopt program request corn of digging a pit, hole, etc.
B. autumn, maize straw burned a heatable brick bed soil, the solarization of soil deep tillage a heatable brick bed and green manuring sweet potato.
Early October, gather in time after field corn maturation, and by cornstalk uniform spreading on furrow face, airing one week sky removes stalk with baked wheaten cake afterwards and carries out a heatable brick bed soil, and uniform spreading after the residual corn straw collecting do not burnt completely is executed furrow ditch.Adopt farm cattle to be ploughed deeply to Qi Gou direction, both sides by furrow body after stalk burn off in time and carry out a heatable brick bed solarization, require furrow ditch to turn over to bury, and Land leveling, nothing are balked.Soil is suitably simply harrowed whole rear sowing leguminous green manure sweet potato at the beginning of 11 months after shining two weeks by soil a heatable brick bed.
(3) Second Year
A. green manure gathered in good time and turned over spring, planted Aztec marigold wholely
Early April, field green manure sweet potato growth full-bloom stage, goes field green manure suitably harvesting part to feed farm cattle, then adopts farm cattle to be turned over by green manure, improves the soil.
After soil a heatable brick bed shines about 30 days, soil is harrowed evenly whole by mid-May, does furrow field planting Aztec marigold wholely.During plantation Aztec marigold, vegetative period suitably chases after 1-2 urea according to field plant growing way and carries seedling.
B. autumn Aztec marigold straw-returning, plant wheat wholely
In late September, after field fresh marigold flower gathers end, with grass-cutting knife, field Aztec marigold stem stalk is chopped to the long segment of 10-15cm, and is evenly sprinkling upon field, adopt farm cattle to be ploughed in the soil layer of 0 ~ 25cm by Aztec marigold bar.
Soil a heatable brick bed shines after about two weeks (mid or late October), soil is harrowed whole evenly after sow wheat.Suitably topdress according to field crops growing way.
(4) the 3rd years
A. spring wheat harvesting and straw-returning, plant dryland rice wholely
Late April, gather in time after wheat maturation, and straw is smashed be sprinkling upon field, adopt agricultural machinery or farm cattle to be ploughed in the soil layer of 0 ~ 25cm by rice straw.Soil a heatable brick bed shines (late May) after about 20 days and is harrowed by soil evenly whole, sowing dryland rice.
B. dryland rice harvesting in autumn, soil deep tillage a heatable brick bed shines, and uses soil conditioner and continuous cropping soil rectification special fertilizer
Early October, gather in time after the dryland rice maturation of field, rear rice straw collection will be gathered in, bundle is good for subsequent use, adopt agricultural machinery or farm cattle to be ploughed deeply by rice stub (requiring at more than 25cm).Soil a heatable brick bed is shone after about 30 days (early November), evenly spread fertilizer over the fields soil conditioner 1000 kgs/acre and continuous cropping soil rectification formula fertilizer 100 kgs/acre in field, and adopt rotovator or rake to be mixed with soil by above-mentioned substance.After two weeks (late November) after quicklime 30 kgs/acre is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in field, soil is carried out second time and turns over rake.
C. winter, canopy was built in piling
Early or mid December, canopy is built in piling.Employing ceiling grass (Chinese fir twig, reed) is mixed with Special sun net does pseudo-ginseng cool canopy, the illumination of Reasonable adjustment cool canopy, in order to the ventilation wet down in canopy.Get ready by 2.0m × 2.0m and plant column (the long 2.4m of upright post rod), spread iron wire and fix, interval bedding ceiling grass (4m) and bedding sunshade screen specially for noto ginseng (4m).When bedding ceiling is careless, after the little bar of every empty placement 5-6 root (fine bamboo strip or thin iron wire), caping canopy is careless again, adds 2 ~ 3 press strips, light modulation, fixing.During bedding sunshade net, place film-pressing line (iron wire) in the middle part of the large bar of two rows, every sky iron wire is made " people " shape and is strained by film-pressing line, is fixed on pseudo-ginseng fork middle part, left and right two, makes cool canopy be " M " type, in order to windproof and draining.Cool canopy height, with apart from ground about 2.0m, is advisable apart from bottom of trench about 2.3m.Column iron wire strained by limit, garden land used hitching post.The materials such as cool canopy surrounding sunshade net carry out fence, and fence is made movable adjustable apart from the sunshade net of ceiling 50cm, so that rainy season is by putting down surrounding fence top sunshade net, ventilating, regulating garden humidity, control disease.Garden surrounding is corresponding reserves garden door, about gate-width 100cm, rectangle, to pass in and out farming operation.
Do furrow, field planting pseudo-ginseng d. wholely
Late December, to Second Year mid or late January, does furrow wholely, field planting pseudo-ginseng.Hillside fields ridge-up bed is high is 15 ~ 20cm, furrow face width 150cm, furrow furrow width 50cm.Pan tile shape is made in furrow face, and furrow soil accomplishes lower Song Shangshi, to improve soil permeability.By pseudo-ginseng seedling size classification, field planting respectively.Before field planting, pseudo-ginseng seedling (sub-bar) Sandofan 1000 times soaks sterilization in 3-5 minute, then takes out to spread out and dries.Field planting seeding row spacing density 12cm × 17cm, covers one deck soil after planting.After pseudo-ginseng field planting is good, furrow face directly uses the even bedding of dryland rice rice straw on furrow soil surface, and cladding thickness does not expose for principle to show soil.After rice straw mulching is good, water a normal root water in time, require water even, irrigate.Then on straw, cover one deck mulch film again, moisturizing is cold-proof.
(5) field management during Panax notoginseng Growth
A. film weeding is taken off
Mid-March, when pseudo-ginseng is broken ground and emerges, take off film in time, emerge neatly in order to pseudo-ginseng.To weed out the rank grass in time simultaneously, prevent from striving fertilizer with pseudo-ginseng, striving water, reduce disease worm and propagate; As root is exposed, earth up in time.
B. irrigation and drainage
Arid season, notes watering, and accomplishes light, even, suitable, saturating, does not water violent water, muddy water.Rainy season cleans out a drain, and notes draining, accomplishes that, without ponding in garden, outside garden, water is unimpeded.
C. topdress
Field planting First Year imposes 8 kgs/acre, potassium nitrate respectively in late May and mid-September, spreads fertilizer over the fields after adopting rain.Field planting Second Year early or mid January, cut stalk in conjunction with pseudo-ginseng and remove residual body on the ground, furrow face straw is opened, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields decomposed dung 1000 kgs/acre in furrow face, to execute after barnyard manure mulching straw again.Impose field planting Second Year late April and mid-July 12 kgs/acre, potassium nitrate respectively, spread fertilizer over the fields after adopting rain.
D. temp. and humidity is regulated
In rainy season, the movable sunshade net of surrounding fence is put down 30-50cm, increase in garden and ventilate, reduce garden humidity.
E. overwinter management
Winter cuts off plant, and removing weeds, impose barnyard manure; With 1: 1: 100 times of bordeaux mixture, spray seven gardens, grass is added a cover in furrow face, suitably earths up, and on straw covering with plastic film, moisturizing is cold-proof.
F. cool canopy management
Timely adjustment, repairing cool canopy, favourable adjustment light transmittance, ensures pseudo-ginseng normal growth.Generally emerge leaf stretching period, cool canopy can not be overstocked, prevents from forming high pedopathy.Within 2 years, pseudo-ginseng cool canopy keeps the light transmittance of 20%-25%, and within 3 years, raw sangqi ginseng keeps 25% light transmittance early stage, the light transmittance of later stage maintenance 30%-40%.
G. prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time.
There is the diseases such as blackspot, root-rot, epidemic disease and white powder in field, the insect pests such as aphid, scale insect, slug, select suitable agricultural chemicals to prevent and treat.
At interval, plantation pseudo-ginseng is continued in the commodity notoginseng planting plot of 3 years, seedling rate is deposited in pseudo-ginseng field can reach 70%, the heavy 12g/ strain of average individual plant block root, mu pseudo-ginseng beet yield reaches 150 kgs/acre, pseudo-ginseng clip output 30 kilograms, thus effectively prevent and treat continuous cropping obstacle, shorten the pseudo-ginseng rotation cycle, alleviate the nervous contradiction in soil, producing region, and method is simple.
Embodiment 2
(1) gather then
A. field cleaning removal of impurities
Within 3 years, red seed pseudo-ginseng is after gathering December, the sunshade net (or ceiling grass) of cool canopy, iron wire and field column are built in timely dismounting field, the collection of column, iron wire and sunshade net is put well, and railway carriage or compartment, field grass (mountain is careless) is all scavenged into outside field together with the residual body of pseudo-ginseng and burns.
B. be exposed to the sun and frost sterilization
After field cleaning removal of impurities is carried out in old pseudo-ginseng garden, be directly exposed to the sun a heatable brick bed soil and frost are carried out in furrow face, Rang Lao seven garden under the sun in the winter time, kill field germ.
(2) First Year
A. field retaining in spring is turned over rear rice cultivation.
Carry out field retaining immersion in May after rainy season set, to turn over rear direct rice cultivation with rotovator.Utilize rice field-upland field rotation, fully absorb residual fertilizer in old pseudo-ginseng garden, reduce soil salt, improve soil structure, kill field germ and soil insect.
B. crop straw burning a heatable brick bed soil, soil deep tillage a heatable brick bed shine and green manuring (sweet potato).
Early or mid October plays zanjon draining in field when paddy rice is ripe, after paddy rice harvesting by rice straw uniform spreading in field, airing with burning except a heatable brick bed soil, and being carried out field and is ploughed deeply a heatable brick bed solarization after one week.Soil a heatable brick bed shines after about two weeks, directly sows leguminous green manure sweet potato at the beginning of 11 months.
(3) Second Year
A. green manure gathered in good time and turned over spring, planted Aztec marigold wholely
Mid-April, field green manure sweet potato grows into thanks to the florescence, adopts agricultural machinery to be turned over by green manure in good time.After soil a heatable brick bed shines about 30 days, soil is harrowed evenly whole by mid-May, and dark ridge is played in field wholely, field planting Aztec marigold.During plantation Aztec marigold, vegetative period suitably topdresses according to field plant growing way.
B. autumn Aztec marigold straw-returning, plant wheat wholely
In early October, after field fresh marigold flower gathers end, with grass-cutting knife, field Aztec marigold stem stalk is chopped to the long segment of 10-15cm, and is evenly sprinkling upon field, adopt agricultural machinery to be ploughed in the soil layer of 0 ~ 25cm by Aztec marigold bar.Soil a heatable brick bed shines after about two weeks, late October soil is harrowed whole evenly after sow wheat.Suitably topdress according to field crops growing way.
(4) the 3rd years
A. spring wheat harvesting and straw-returning, plant dryland rice wholely
Late April, wheat maturation gathered afterwards in time, and smashed by straw and be sprinkling upon field, adopted agricultural machinery to be ploughed in the soil layer of 0 ~ 25cm by rice straw.Soil is harrowed evenly whole by late May, sowing dryland rice.
B. dryland rice harvesting in autumn, soil deep tillage a heatable brick bed shines, and uses soil conditioner and continuous cropping soil rectification special fertilizer
Mid-October, dryland rice of gathering in time, will gather in rear rice straw collection, bundle will be good for subsequent use, and adopt agricultural machinery to be ploughed deeply by rice stub (requiring at more than 25cm).After soil a heatable brick bed is shone about 20 days, early November evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields soil conditioner 1000 kgs/acre in field and continuous cropping soil corrects formula fertilizer 100 kgs/acre, and adopts rotovator to be mixed with soil by above-mentioned substance.Late November, after quicklime 20 kgs/acre is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in field, soil is carried out second time and turn over rake.
C. winter, canopy was built in piling
Early or mid December, canopy is built in piling.Employing ceiling grass (Chinese fir twig, reed) is mixed with Special sun net does pseudo-ginseng cool canopy, the illumination of Reasonable adjustment cool canopy, in order to the ventilation wet down in canopy.Get ready by 2.0m × 2.0m and plant column (the long 2.4m of upright post rod), spread iron wire and fix, interval bedding ceiling grass (4m) and bedding sunshade screen specially for noto ginseng (4m).When bedding ceiling is careless, after the little bar of every empty placement 5-6 root (fine bamboo strip or thin iron wire), caping canopy is careless again, adds 2 ~ 3 press strips, light modulation, fixing.During bedding sunshade net, place film-pressing line (iron wire) in the middle part of the large bar of two rows, every sky iron wire is made " people " shape and is strained by film-pressing line, is fixed on pseudo-ginseng fork middle part, left and right two, makes cool canopy be " M " type, in order to windproof and draining.Cool canopy height, with apart from ground about 2.0m, is advisable apart from bottom of trench about 2.3m.Column iron wire strained by limit, garden land used hitching post.The materials such as cool canopy surrounding sunshade net carry out fence, and fence is made movable adjustable apart from the sunshade net of ceiling 50cm, so that rainy season is by putting down surrounding fence top sunshade net, ventilating, regulating garden humidity, control disease.
Do furrow, field planting pseudo-ginseng d. wholely
Late December, to Second Year mid or late January, does furrow wholely, field planting pseudo-ginseng.Level land ridge-up bed height 25cm, furrow face width 140cm, furrow furrow width 60cm.Pan tile shape is made in furrow face, and furrow soil accomplishes lower Song Shangshi, to improve soil permeability.By pseudo-ginseng seedling size classification, field planting respectively.Before field planting, pseudo-ginseng seedling (sub-bar) Sandofan 1000 times soaks sterilization in 3-5 minute, then takes out to spread out and dries.Field planting seeding row spacing density 12cm × 18cm, covers one deck soil after planting.After pseudo-ginseng field planting is good, furrow face is directly surperficial at furrow soil with the even bedding of rice straw, and cladding thickness does not expose for principle to show soil.After rice straw mulching is good, water a normal root water in time, require water even, irrigate.Then on straw, cover one deck mulch film again, moisturizing is cold-proof.
(5) field management during Panax notoginseng Growth
A. film weeding is taken off
Early or mid March, when pseudo-ginseng is broken ground and emerges, takes off film in time, emerges neatly in order to pseudo-ginseng.To weed out the rank grass in time simultaneously, prevent from striving fertilizer with pseudo-ginseng, striving water, reduce disease worm and propagate; As root is exposed, earth up in time.
B. irrigation and drainage
Arid season, notes watering, and accomplishes light, even, suitable, saturating, does not water violent water, muddy water.Rainy season cleans out a drain, and notes draining, accomplishes that, without ponding in garden, outside garden, water is unimpeded.
C. topdress
Field planting First Year imposes 6 kgs/acre, potassium nitrate (suitably increasing and decreasing depending on field growing way) respectively in mid-May and mid-September, adopts fine day to be watered to water afternoon and to execute, water fertile after in time a clear water is watered on pseudo-ginseng blade face and washes leaf.Field planting Second Year early or mid January, cut stalk in conjunction with pseudo-ginseng and remove residual body on the ground, furrow face straw is opened, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields in furrow face the barnyard manure 1000 kgs/acre that become thoroughly decomposed, to execute after barnyard manure mulching straw again.Impose field planting Second Year mid-April and mid-July 10 kgs/acre, potassium nitrate (suitably increasing and decreasing depending on field growing way) respectively, adopt fine day to be watered to water afternoon and to execute, water fertile after in time a clear water is watered on pseudo-ginseng blade face and washes leaf.At ordinary times in conjunction with the field extermination of disease and insect pest, spray 2-4 amino acids foliage fertilizer every year.
D. temp. and humidity is regulated
In rainy season, the movable sunshade net of surrounding fence is put down 30-50cm, increase in garden and ventilate, reduce garden humidity.
E. overwinter management
Winter cuts off plant, and removing weeds, impose barnyard manure; With Baume 0.5 degree of lime sulfur, spray seven gardens, grass is added a cover in furrow face, suitably earths up, and on straw covering with plastic film, moisturizing is cold-proof.
F. cool canopy management
Timely adjustment, repairing cool canopy, favourable adjustment light transmittance, ensures pseudo-ginseng normal growth.Generally emerge leaf stretching period, cool canopy can not be overstocked, prevents from forming high pedopathy.Within 2 years, pseudo-ginseng cool canopy keeps the light transmittance of 20%-25%, and within 3 years, raw sangqi ginseng keeps 25% light transmittance early stage, the light transmittance of later stage maintenance 30%-40%.
G. prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time.
There is the diseases such as blackspot, root-rot, epidemic disease and white powder in field, the insect pests such as aphid, scale insect, slug, select suitable agricultural chemicals to prevent and treat.
At interval, plantation pseudo-ginseng is continued in the red seed notoginseng planting plot of 3 years, pseudo-ginseng field is deposited seedling rate and is reached 80%, the heavy 14g/ strain of average individual plant block root, mu pseudo-ginseng beet yield reaches 180 kgs/acre, pseudo-ginseng clip output 40 kilograms, thus effectively prevent and treat continuous cropping obstacle, shorten the pseudo-ginseng rotation cycle, alleviate the nervous contradiction in soil, producing region, and method is simple.
More than describe preferred embodiment of the present invention in detail.Should be appreciated that the ordinary skill of this area just design according to the present invention can make many modifications and variations without the need to creative work.Therefore, all technical staff in the art, all should by the determined protection domain of claims under this invention's idea on the basis of existing technology by the available technical scheme of logical analysis, reasoning, or a limited experiment.
Claims (7)
1. shorten the method for pseudo-ginseng rotation cycle, comprise step as follows:
(1) gather then
A. field cleaning removal of impurities,
B. be exposed to the sun and frost sterilization;
(2) First Year
A. soil disinfection in spring and adjustment soil pH value, maize planting or paddy rice,
B. autumn crop straw burning a heatable brick bed soil, soil deep tillage a heatable brick bed shine and green manuring;
(3) Second Year
A. spring, green manure harvesting turned over, and planted Aztec marigold wholely,
B. autumn Aztec marigold straw-returning, plant wheat wholely;
(4) the 3rd years
A. spring wheat harvesting and straw-returning, plant dryland rice wholely,
B. dryland rice harvesting in autumn, soil deep tillage a heatable brick bed shines, and uses soil conditioner and continuous cropping soil rectification special fertilizer;
C. winter, canopy was built in piling,
Do furrow, field planting pseudo-ginseng d. wholely;
Wherein, in step (2),
A step is specially,
On old pseudo-ginseng furrow face, spread fertilizer over the fields one deck quicklime and fused calcium magnesium phosphate after rain carry out soil disinfection and regulate soil pH value, then furrow face table soil is carried out shallowly turning over soil moisture conservation, adopt dig a pit, hole, etc. program request corn or rice cultivation;
B step is specially,
Corn maturation is gathered afterwards in time, and by cornstalk uniform spreading on furrow face, within airing 5-7 days, carry out a heatable brick bed soil with baked wheaten cake stalk afterwards, and uniform spreading after the residual corn straw collecting do not burnt completely is executed furrow ditch, adopt agricultural machinery or farm cattle that furrow body is ploughed deeply more than 25cm to Qi Gou direction, both sides after stalk burn off in time, carry out a heatable brick bed solarization, soil a heatable brick bed is suitable afterwards about shining two weeks harrows whole rear sowing leguminous green manure sweet potato by soil; Or,
After paddy rice ripe and harvested by rice straw uniform spreading in field, within airing 5-7 days, carry out a heatable brick bed soil afterwards with baked wheaten cake stalk, and carry out field and plough deeply a heatable brick bed and shine, soil a heatable brick bed shines after about two weeks harrows whole rear sowing leguminous green manure sweet potato by soil.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein in step (1),
A. field cleaning removal of impurities, refer to, pseudo-ginseng removes cool canopy facility after gathering, and to be all scavenged into outside field together with the residual body of pseudo-ginseng by railway carriage or compartment, field grass and to burn;
B. be exposed to the sun and frost sterilization, refer to, after the cleaning removal of impurities of field, allow old pseudo-ginseng furrow face under the sun, carry out be exposed to the sun a heatable brick bed soil and frost, kill field germ, meanwhile, remove long-pending soil in furrow ditch, in order to field drainage, rinse out salt ion excessive in furrow table soil in time.
3. the method for claim 1, wherein in step (3),
A step is specially,
Treat that field green manure grows into and contain flower to thanking to the florescence, green manure is turned over, after soil a heatable brick bed shines 30 days, soil is harrowed evenly whole, do furrow field planting Aztec marigold wholely;
B step is specially,
After field fresh marigold flower gathers end, field Aztec marigold stem stalk is chopped to the long segment of 10-15cm, and is evenly sprinkling upon field, plough in the soil layer of 0 ~ 25cm by Aztec marigold bar, soil is harrowed whole even sowing wheat after shining two weeks by soil a heatable brick bed.
4. the method for claim 1, wherein in step (4),
A step is specially, and gathers in time after wheat maturation, and is smashed by straw and be sprinkling upon field, is ploughed by straw in the soil layer of 0 ~ 25cm, is harrowed by soil evenly whole after soil a heatable brick bed shines 20 days, sowing dryland rice;
B step is specially, gather in time after the dryland rice maturation of field, rear rice straw collection will be gathered in, bundle will be good for subsequent use, rice stub is ploughed deeply more than 25cm, after soil a heatable brick bed is shone 20 days, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields soil conditioner and continuous cropping soil rectification formula fertilizer in field, after quicklime is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in field, soil is carried out second time after two weeks and turn over rake;
Step c is specially, and gets cultivation column ready by 2.0m × 2.0m, and the long 2.4m of upright post rod, spreads iron wire and fix, interval bedding ceiling grass and sunshade net, cool canopy height with apart from ground 2.0m, apart from bottom of trench 2.3m;
Step d is specially,
Mid or late January late December to next year, do furrow, field planting pseudo-ginseng wholely, high 20 ~ the 25cm of level land ridge-up bed, hillside fields ridge-up bed is high is 15 ~ 20cm, furrow face width 140 ~ 150cm, furrow furrow width 50 ~ 60cm, pan tile shape is made in furrow face, and furrow soil accomplishes lower Song Shangshi, by pseudo-ginseng planting seedlings, field planting seeding row spacing density 10cm × 17cm, covers one deck soil after planting, after pseudo-ginseng field planting is good, furrow face is directly surperficial at furrow soil with the even bedding of rice straw, then on straw, covers one deck mulch film again.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step (4), described soil conditioner with bagasse and saccharomycete for raw material is made, concrete preparation method is, cane mill is squeezed sugar latter accessory substance bagasse stack retting spontaneous fermentation 5-6 month, then add saccharomycete according to the ratio of bagasse quality 0.5% to mix, consumption is 1000 kgs/acre.
6. method as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step (4), it is be made at 70: 15: 12: 2.5: 0.5 by weight proportion with fused calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium chloride, ammonium nitrate, zinc sulphate and borax that described continuous cropping soil corrects formula fertilizer, and consumption is 100 kgs/acre.
7. method as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step (4), described quicklime consumption is 20-30 kg/acre.
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