CN103518523A - Planting method for growing grass and breeding sheep cyclically in hillside orchard - Google Patents
Planting method for growing grass and breeding sheep cyclically in hillside orchard Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for growing grass and breeding sheep cyclically in a hillside orchard. According to the method, naturally-growing crab grass and interplanted pasture in the orchard are used as substrate fodder for breeding the sheep, and sheep shed rubbish produced in sheep breeding is used as organic fertilizer for fruit trees after being subjected to harmless treatment. The method includes the specific steps that by using pasture-ryegrass which is interplanted in gaps of the orchard, 2-3 sheep are bred in each mu of orchard in a captive mode, and the ryegrass and the crab grass which are harvested in each mu of orchard are provided for the 2-3 sheep as the fodder; the sheep shed rubbish is subjected to harmless treatment after being collected and serves as the organic fertilizer which can be applied to the orchard. According to the method, in common hillside orchards in the Yangtze River delta region, by building sites for breeding sheep around the orchards and growing fine pasture in gaps between fruit trees to breed the sheep, the cyclic development mode of growing the grass and breeding the sheep in the orchards is realized, the technology of quantifiably allocating the different ecological niches of the fruit trees, the sheep and the pasture is achieved, and economic benefits, ecological benefits and social benefits are achieved at the same time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, be particularly related to orchard, hillside, Yangtze River Delta region (pears, peach, citrus, loquat, red bayberry, plum, cherry etc.) and plant careless sheep raising circulation pattern planting technology, solved the source of orchard, hillside fertilizer, form the breeding ecological circulation chain structure that application, sheep are raised, realized benign ecological cycles utilization.
Background technology
Chinese agriculture changes to modern agriculture from traditional farming, and development orchard kind grass is combined, promotes orchard three dimensional-planting-breeding technology with aquaculture, be one of important content of development fruit industry Recycling economy of animal husbandry, meet the developing direction of new era modern agriculture.At present, the most of orchard of China is distributed in reclaim wasteland hillside fields and the comparatively barren area of soil, traditional farming pattern, and field is year after year ploughed and is cut weeds and lie waste, and causes the water and soil loss of fruit garden, soil barren all the more, and orchard production cost is growing on and on.Under the situation that continues to raise up in Vehicles Collected from Market fruit dog-eat-dog, meat product price, orchard exploitation kind of grass and aquaculture (as sheep raising, poultry, foster duck etc.) combination, utilize at many levels orchard resource, the sustainable agriculture production model that the fruit that forms " poultry pastures, ,Cao Yang field, muck field " is herded agriculture combination seems particularly outstanding and important.
In orchard, to increase soil organic matter content be the main purpose of sward current orchard in to green manuring, and exploitation kind of a grass in orchard is combined with aquaculture, and orchard kind grass provides bright careless for livestock-raising the whole year, and it is basic selecting suitable herbage kind.In addition, grasping different ecological position in the orchards such as fruit tree, cultivation herding kind and quantity, pasture growing quantity and quantize configuring technical, is to realize by the energy metabolism between the green plants producer and animal consumption person the key technology together with the organic connections of material recycle process.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides orchard, a kind of hillside kind grass sheep raising circulation pattern implantation methods.The present invention is in Yangtze River Delta region, in general orchard, hillside (as fruit trees such as plantation pears, peach, citrus, loquat, red bayberry, plum, cherries), by build the place of cultivation sheep at orchard periphery, utilize plantation good forage in fruit tree gap to feed sheep (weeds of orchard self-sow---lady's-grass grass also can for feeding sheep), realize orchard kind grass sheep raising circulation development pattern, solve fruit tree, sheep, herbage different ecological position quantification configuring technical, reached economic benefit, ecological benefits and social benefit win-win.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides orchard, a kind of hillside kind grass sheep raising circulation pattern implantation methods:
Utilize the lady's-grass grass of orchard self-sow and the herbage of interplanting as the matrix feed of cultivation sheep, the sheep canopy rubbish that cultivation sheep produces after harmless treatment as the fertilizer (for high-quality fertilizer) of fruit tree;
Be specially:
1), utilizing the herbage of gap, orchard interplanting is perennial ryegrass;
The ryegrass seed (moisture content is 9.5～10.5%, is about 10%) of 1～1.5 kilogram is sowed in every mu of orchard, and the sowing time is that late September is to early October;
(remarks explanation: lady's-grass grass does not need sowing; Because lady's-grass grass is a kind of weeds of field, Yangtze River Delta region self-sow, do not need sowing, its growth number is nature regulation and control);
When growing to 40～50 centimetres high, perennial ryegrass cuts grass for the first time, once every harvesting in 25～30 days later; After harvesting, the toothing length of perennial ryegrass is 5～8cm;
When growing to 35～45 centimetres high, cuts lady's-grass grass grass for the first time, once every harvesting in 25 days～30 days later; After harvesting, the toothing length of lady's-grass grass is 5～8cm;
2), every mu of supporting mode with stable breeding in orchard cultivates 2～3 bellwethers, every mu of orchard harvesting and perennial ryegrass and lady's-grass grass offer described 2～3 bellwethers as feed;
Remarks explanation: the cultivation place of building sheep at orchard periphery;
The annual sheep canopy rubbish twice of collecting, spring, autumn are respectively once; Spring, autumn was for by the end of September to early October for by the end of April to the first tenday period of a month in May;
After each sheep canopy refuse collection, carry out respectively following harmless treatment:
Sheep canopy rubbish and colza cake or soya-bean cake are preferably to 50:1 according to 50:0.95～1.05() weight ratio mix after, fermentation hole (being arranged in the natural environment of orchard periphery), be piled into the rubbish heap of Cylinder shape, just start spontaneous fermentation after whole rubbish heap seal to (can with clod nylon film compacting) with nylon film at the end, hole; Ferment and (during sheep rubbish fermentation, be certain to produce heat, with avoiding the loss of heat after nylon film sealing) after 50～60 days, sheep canopy rubbish, by fully slaking, becomes the organic manure that can apply orchard;
Described organic manure will be deposited to the end of the year and is applied orchard (remarks explanation: after fermentation time finishes, take nylon film off, organic manure still remains in fermentation hole) as orchard base manure in fermentation hole;
Described sheep canopy rubbish refers to: the excreta that sheep produces and the feed residue (that is, remaining feed bedding and padding) of feeding sheep.
Remarks explanation: the fertilizer of gained can provide 60% left and right of every mu of required organic manure in orchard.
Improvement as orchard, hillside of the present invention kind grass sheep raising circulation pattern implantation methods: sheep is sheep.
Further improvement as orchard, hillside of the present invention kind grass sheep raising circulation pattern implantation methods:
Before sowing, 1～1.5 kilogram of ryegrass seed is soaked in water 5～8 hours, after picking up and mixing with 19～21 kilograms of Gai Mei phosphorus composite fertilizers after draining the water, as the sowing material in every mu of orchard;
Described sowing material is evenly sprinkling upon to the soil surface in every mu of orchard, then gently harrows soil, thus on the surface of the seed covers the soil of 0.7～1.3 cm thick.
Further improvement as orchard, hillside of the present invention kind grass sheep raising circulation pattern implantation methods: the annual last harvesting of lady's-grass grass must lady's-grass grass set seeds maturation and land after can carry out (that is, must just can gather in later in White Dew).
Further improvement as orchard, hillside of the present invention kind grass sheep raising circulation pattern implantation methods:
Perennial ryegrass, lady's-grass grass are carried out to daily management, and described daily management comprises reseeding fills the gaps with seedlings, cuts weeds, applies fertilizer, pours water and diseases and pests controlling.
Further improvement as orchard, hillside of the present invention kind grass sheep raising circulation pattern implantation methods:
Fermentation hole of every 30 mu of orchards configuration, fermentation hole is drum type, and hole floor space is 8～12 square metres (they being for example 10 square metres of left and right), and the end, hole and sidewall are answered preventing water leakage.
Remarks explanation: fermentation hole is arranged in the natural open-air atmosphere of orchard periphery.
The each collection in 30 mu of orchards and the general piling height of sheep canopy rubbish be 1.8 meters～2.0 meters.
Further improvement as orchard, hillside of the present invention kind grass sheep raising circulation pattern implantation methods:
Every mu of supporting mode with stable breeding in orchard cultivates 2 adult ewes or 3 mutton sheeps.
Remarks explanation: 4000 kilograms, bright herbage can be produced the general whole year in every mu of orchard, can supply with the feeds of 2 adult ewes or 3 mutton sheep whole years.
The sheep canopy rubbish of 2 adult ewes or 3 mutton sheep annual outputs, after harmless treatment, can provide 60% of orchard, one mu of hillside organic manure.
Technical scheme of the present invention is mainly as follows:
Orchard kind grass sheep raising pattern: utilize orchard to stay grass (be the weeds of orchard self-sow---lady's-grass grass) and interplanting herbage--perennial ryegrass is as the matrix feed of sheep cultivation, the sheep canopy rubbish (cultivating excreta and the bedding and padding of sheep) that cultivation sheep produces after harmless treatment as the high-quality fertilizer of fruit tree.The orchard interplanting herbage of take is set up linking of planting fruit-trees and sheep raising as tie, has solved the source of orchard fertilizer, has formed fruit tree, sheep breeding ecological endless-chain structure.
The present invention completes by the following technical programs:
One, orchard herbage is selected
Through research for many years, show within the scope of ， Zhejiang Province, it is ideal herbage kind combination that orchard, hillside interplanting herbage is selected perennial ryegrass and lady's-grass grass.
1, growth conditions: the weather of perennial ryegrass happiness warm and moist, 15 ℃～25 ℃ of seed sprouting preference temperatures, 12 ℃～27 ℃ of plant strain growth preference temperatures.The wet happiness of the warm happiness of lady's-grass grass happiness light, seed sprouting preference temperature is 25 ℃～40 ℃, suitable humidity is 63%～92%, 20 ℃～30 ℃ of plant strain growth preference temperatures.Two kinds of grass are all liked fertile and deep loam or sandy loam, and general clay also can be grown.The pH value of suitable growth is 6.0～7.0, on the red soil of pH value 4.7～6.3 and the saline-alkali soil of pH value 8.5～9.0, all can grow, and not resistance to long-term ponding.
Perennial ryegrass is generally sowed in late September to early October, and this stage (being about after White Dew) just lady's-grass grass set seeds the ripe period in orchard that naturally becomes scattered about; The Ryegrass Growth phase is the May in September to next year, and annual mid-May, the natural germination and emergence of lady's-grass grass, at a time when this, perennial ryegrass has been gathered in.The last harvesting of lady's-grass grass September (must lady's-grass grass set seeds maturation and land after can carry out, that is, must just can gather in later in White Dew), gathered in the rear sowing that is just being suitable for perennial ryegrass.Therefore, planting perennial ryegrass and lady's-grass grass and can reach and have fresh grass the whole year as the feed of sheep in theatre, is the comparatively ideal herbage kind of orchard internal ratio.
2, seed requirement
Seed requires grain large, full, neat, pure, and germination rate is not less than 80%, there is no the ryegrass seed that infects sick worm, remarks explanation: the moisture content of ryegrass seed is about 10%.
3, the sowing time
Perennial ryegrass late September to early October is best sowing time, by the end of November no later than.Lady's-grass grass is this grass ripe sowing of being naturally scattered of setting seeds after White Dew.
4, seeding quantity
Every mu of perennial ryegrass is 1～1.5 kilogram of optimum.Lady's-grass grass does not need sowing.
5, type of seeding
Before sowing, 1～1.5 kilogram of ryegrass seed is soaked in water 5～8 hours, after picking up and for example, mixing with 19～21 kilograms of (being 20 kilograms) Gai Mei phosphorus composite fertilizers after draining, as the sowing material in every mu of orchard.
Described sowing material is evenly sprinkling upon to the soil surface in every mu of orchard, then gently harrows soil, thus on the surface of the seed covers 0.7～1.3 centimetre of (being preferably 1 centimetre) thick soil.
6, daily management
(1) reseed and fill the gaps with seedlings
Perennial ryegrass occurs if any the situation of being short of seedling that more than 20% (comprises 20%), reseed in time, even to guarantee whole orchard herbage growth.
(2) cut weeds
After May 15, left and right perennial ryegrass was gathered in, now the natural germination and emergence of lady's-grass grass, will remove lady's-grass grass weeds in addition in seedling stage (in 15～20 days from lady's-grass from careless natural germination and emergence), in time in order to the growth of lady's-grass grass; This period, growth potential was not very strong due to lady's-grass grass germination and emergence just, and (because lady's-grass grass growth potential is very strong, after growth, can compete, other weeds not have the space of growing) just do not need to have weeded a garden after entering growth animated period.
(3) fertilising
Perennial ryegrass will impose fertilizer one time seedling tillering stage (while sowing 20 days), and every mu of nitrogen fertilizer application (urea) is 10～15 kilograms.After year, early March period of seedling establishment also must impose a fertilizer (10 kilograms of left and right of every mu of nitrogen fertilizer application) to promote turning green of plant to tiller and to recover growth.Lady's-grass grass need not apply fertilizer separately.
Remarks explanation: perennial ryegrass generally can start to cut grass for the first time when growing to 40 centimetres～50 centimetres high, and later perennial ryegrass looks growing way situation, every harvesting in 25～30 days once.
(4) pour water
Perennial ryegrass in 25～30 days after (late September is to early October), keep ground moistening in sowing, irrigates once weekly, and irrigation time should be between the lights; Another: each harvesting about the last week, also to need to pour water once.
Lady's-grass grass will keep ground moistening in mid-May during germination and emergence, in 15～20 days from the natural germination and emergence of lady's-grass grass, irrigates once weekly, and irrigation time should be between the lights.
While watering (irrigation), can water or pour water according to condition, with micro irrigation methods such as drip irrigation, micro-sprays for well.If orchard waters and flows to orchard another side with water and be advisable (that is, the water that physical features eminence is watered can naturally flow to physical features lower and be advisable), if drip irrigation or micro-spray are advisable with 1000 premium on currency left and right with every mu.
Remarks explanation: water the above-mentioned seedling stage of perennial ryegrass and lady's-grass grass specially, mainly in order to guarantee that these two kinds of grass have high emergence rate, after emerging, need to not rewater for these two kinds of grass, because pear tree also needs to water in production, when pear tree is watered, (according to convention amount, water), herbage is also equivalent to water.Theatre kind grass, object is not that Growth of Pear Trees is only main for sward.
(5) diseases and pests controlling
Forbid to use high poison, persistent pesticide, should select biopesticide or high-efficiency low-toxicity, less-persistent pesticide, except biopesticide, last dispenser must not be less than 20 days apart from harvesting interval number of days.The agricultural chemicals using is current general types, and should select different cultivars to be used alternatingly.Lady's-grass grass need not diseases and pests controlling, following sick, the insect pest of main control during plantation perennial ryegrass:
Wheat stem maggot larva:
In tiller shooting stage, booting stage of perennial ryegrass, can spray 0.1%(quality % respectively) dichlorvos and 0.1%(quality %) Rogor mix (mass ratio of 1:1 mixes) after mixed liquor of gained, every mu of 50 kilograms of mixed liquors.
Leaf rust:
In order to prevent the generation of leaf rust, can be before annual fruit tree bloom (pear tree, Zhejiang area is generally in annual mid-April), 300 times of liquid sprayings of 300～500 times of liquid of available zineb 65% wetting powder or folpet 50% wetting powder.Consumption is every mu of 50 kilograms of dilutions.
Head blight:
In hot and humid situation, often can there is head blight and rust, prevent the generation of head blight, can spray triazole cave 20% missible oil 1000 times of liquid in Qian Quan garden occur once in the rainy day, if there are 500 times of liquid of head blight Ze Quan garden spray triazole cave 20% missible oil once.Consumption is every mu of 50 kilograms of dilutions.
7, harvesting utilizes
(1) the harvesting time
Perennial ryegrass can start to cut for the first time grass while growing to 40 centimetres～50 centimetres high, later perennial ryegrass growing way situation, and every harvesting in 25～30 days once, suitable harvesting period is shooting stage, heading initial stage.
Lady's-grass grass grows to 35～45 centimetres of (being for example 40 centimetres) Gao Shike and starts to cut grass for the first time, later by growing way situation, every harvesting in 25 days～30 days once, the last harvesting of lady's-grass grass must be carried out in White Dew later, lady's-grass grass set seeds maturation and land after can gather in.
(2) harvesting method
Manually with honest and clean cutter, directly mow, while mowing, want 5 centimetres～8 centimetres of stubble height, in order to the regeneration of herbage stubble at every turn.
(3) utilize
The herbage cutting off, can directly feed sheep, in case of overcast and rainy, should take to propose harvesting the previous day, spreads out to dry afterwards and feeds and raise.Exhaustless bright grass should be noted preserving.Store method has two kinds, and the one, in booting stage, gather in hay curing or wear into hay meal and preserve utilization, the 2nd, can be standby with the method storage of ensiling.
Two, selection, cultivation quantity and the refuse collection of sheep canopy and the processing of sheep variety in orchard, hillside kind grass sheep raising pattern:
Sheep is the local livestock and poultry species of China's first class of protection, one of domestic animal that Taihu Plain is important.This kind of sheep have ripe early, reproduction rate is strong, early growth is fast, wet-heat resisting, product utilization is worth high good characteristic, is the sheep variety that in the careless sheep raising pattern of orchard, hillside, the most applicable Zhejiang area kind, stable breeding is carried out in orchard.
1, orchard, hillside kind grass sheep raising quantity configuration
By orchard, hillside interplanting herbage actual production herbage quanlily, calculate, approximately 4000 kilograms, bright herbage can be produced in every mu of orchard, can supply with the feed of 2 adult ewes or 3 mutton sheep whole years.
2, the refuse collection of sheep canopy and fermentation
(1) collection method
With instruments such as creepers, directly by sheep canopy rubbish, the excreta that sheep produces and the remaining bedding and padding of feed of feeding sheep, collect and pack in dustpan or hand rubbish car, send fermentation hole.
(2) acquisition time
Annual collection twice, spring, autumn are respectively once.Spring, autumn was by the end of September to early October by the end of April to the first tenday period of a month in May.
3, the harmless treatment of sheep canopy rubbish
(1) fermentation hole layout
For ease of operation, the suitable address in orchard should be selected in fermentation hole, and reasonable layout, sets up one to be advisable with every 30 mu of orchards, and keeps certain distance with production management room.
(2) fermentation hole specification
Fermentation hole for well, is cheated dark 0.5 meter～2 meters with drum type, 10 square metres of left and right of area, and make with cement in hole, and the end, hole and sidewall are answered preventing water leakage, on hole with good conditionsi, build ceiling.
(3) fermentation condition
Fermentation initial temperature is normal temperature, and in fermentation process, heap temperature can keep more than 50 ℃ naturally, and fermentation time is 50-60 days.Fermentation initial humidity is generally 60%-65%, and during fermentation ends, humidity general approximately 60%.
(4) fermentation auxiliary material ratio
According to every 50 kilograms of sheep canopy rubbish in entering fermentation hole time, the ratio of putting 1 kilogram of colza cake or soya-bean cake.
(5) fermentation
Sheep canopy rubbish is piled into after high Cylinder (approximately 1.8 meters～2.0 meters) in fermentation hole, with nylon film, whole sheep canopy junk-heap body seal, and at the end, hole around with clod just starting after nylon film compacting to ferment.Ferment after 50～60 days, the abundant slaking of sheep canopy rubbish, obtains applying the organic manure in orchard.
Three, sheep rubbish and the configuration of pear tree fertilizer requirement
By the normal time, the organic manure of sheep canopy rubbish gained after harmless treatment that the adult ewe in 2, base or 3 mutton sheeps are produced per year, can provide approximately 60% left and right of orchard, one mu of hillside organic manure.Conventional fruit fertilizer special for organic is used in another 40% left and right.
The present invention has following technical advantage:
1, economic advantages: traditional cultivation method is pressed in 100 mu of orchards, every per mu yield value is 6000 yuan of left and right, and by implementing the ecological circulation pattern of orchard breeding combination, fruit quality is improved significantly, percent rate of high quality fruit improves, and fruit unit price improves, and adds sheep raising gained income, therefore average every mu can reach 10,000 yuan, and economic benefit is very obvious.
2, ecological benefits improve: artificial weeding or beat weed killer herbicide Qing garden mode as main is take in orchard, hillside at present, therefore can cause orchard, hillside severe water and soil erosion, often using weed killer herbicide can cause soil compaction, persticide residue too high, and by implementing the ecological circulation pattern of orchard breeding combination, exempted the trouble of artificial weeding, guaranteed the regeneration of orchard, hillside vegetation, avoided water and soil loss, add the organic manure that sheep raising produces, reduced the undue composite fertilizer's amount of application relying in orchard, realized rationally recycling of resource, orchard ecology benefit obviously improves.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is orchard, hillside kind grass sheep raising breeding circulation pattern figure.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with example, the present invention will be further described.Take 100 mu, theatre, hillside in fruiting period (main breed is emerald green hat pears) is example.The pear tree of every mu of plantation 50-60 strain.
One, pasture growing
1, pear tree in orchard was sowed ryegrass seed in the ranks (seed required grain large, full, neat, pure the first tenday period of a month in annual late September to October, germination rate is not less than 80%, there is no the ryegrass seed that infects sick worm, moisture content is about 10%), 100 mu of seeding quantitys are 100-150 kilogram.Broadcast front by cold water soak 5-8 hour for ryegrass seed, pick up after mixing with 2000 kilograms of Gai Mei phosphorus composite fertilizers (can select legendary god of farming Cai He bio tech ltd, Beijing production calcium magnesium phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer) after draining and broadcast sowing, be about to seed and be evenly sprinkling upon soil surface, then gently harrow soil, at the surface of the seed, cover the soil of 1 cm thick.
2, lady's-grass grass is this grass ripe sowing of naturally being scattered of setting seeds after White Dew, the annual careless natural germination and emergence of lady's-grass mid-May.
Two, daily management
(1) reseed and fill the gaps with seedlings
Perennial ryegrass occurs if any more than 20% situation of being short of seedling, and reseed in time, can from the closeer seedling in other places, transplant seedlings to mend and plant, even to guarantee whole orchard herbage growth.
(2) cut weeds
After May 15, left and right perennial ryegrass gathered in, the natural germination and emergence of lady's-grass grass now, the weeds beyond will removing in time lady's-grass grass seedling stage (in from 15～20 days from the natural germination and emergence of lady's-grass grass), in order to the growth of lady's-grass grass.
(3) fertilising
Perennial ryegrass will impose fertilizer one time seedling tillering stage (while sowing 20 days), and every mu of nitrogen fertilizer application (urea) is 10～15 kilograms.After year, early March period of seedling establishment also must impose a fertilizer (10 kilograms of left and right of every mu of nitrogen fertilizer application) to promote turning green of plant to tiller and to recover growth.Lady's-grass grass need not apply fertilizer separately.
(4) pour water
Perennial ryegrass is broadcast in latter 25～30 days, keep ground moistening, can irrigate weekly once, and irrigation time should be between the lights; Each harvesting about the last week poured water once again.
Lady's-grass grass will keep ground moistening in mid-May during germination and emergence, in 15～20 days from the natural germination and emergence of lady's-grass grass, irrigates once weekly, and irrigation time should be between the lights.
While watering (irrigation), can water or pour water according to condition, with micro irrigation methods such as drip irrigation, micro-sprays for well.If orchard waters and flows to orchard another side with water and be advisable, if drip irrigation or micro-spray are advisable with 1000 premium on currency with every mu.
(5) diseases and pests controlling
Forbid to use high poison, persistent pesticide, should select biopesticide or high-efficiency low-toxicity, less-persistent pesticide, except biopesticide, last dispenser must not be less than 20 days apart from harvesting interval number of days.The agricultural chemicals using is current general types, and should select different cultivars to be used alternatingly.Lady's-grass grass need not diseases and pests controlling, following sick, the insect pest of main control during plantation perennial ryegrass:
Wheat stem maggot larva:
In tiller shooting stage, booting stage of perennial ryegrass, can spray 0.1% dichlorvos and mix (1:1) with 0.1% Rogor, every mu of 50 kilograms of above-mentioned mixed liquors respectively.
Leaf rust:
In order to prevent the generation of leaf rust, can be before annual fruit tree bloom (pear tree, Zhejiang area is generally in annual mid-April), 300 times of liquid sprayings of 300～500 times of liquid of available zineb 65% wetting powder or folpet 50% wetting powder.Consumption is every mu of 50 kilograms of dilutions.
Head blight:
In hot and humid situation, often can there is head blight and rust, prevent the generation of head blight, can spray triazole cave 1000 times of liquid in Qian Quan garden occur once in the rainy day, if there are 500 times of liquid of head blight Ze Quan garden spray triazole cave once.Consumption is every mu of 50 kilograms of dilutions.
Three, harvesting utilizes
(1) the harvesting time
Perennial ryegrass can start to cut for the first time grass while growing to 40 centimetres～50 centimetres high, later perennial ryegrass growing way situation, and every harvesting in 25～30 days once, suitable harvesting period is the shooting stage, the heading initial stage.
Lady's-grass grass can start to cut for the first time grass while growing to 40 centimetres high, later by growing way situation, every harvesting in 25 days～30 days once, the last harvesting of lady's-grass grass must be carried out in White Dew later, lady's-grass grass set seeds maturation and land after can gather in.
(2) harvesting method
Manually with honest and clean cutter, directly mow, while mowing, want 5 centimetres～8 centimetres of stubble height, in order to the regeneration of herbage stubble at every turn.
(3) utilize
The herbage cutting off, can directly feed sheep, in case of overcast and rainy, should take to propose harvesting the previous day, spreads out to dry afterwards and feeds and raise.Exhaustless bright grass should be noted preserving.Store method has two kinds, and the one, in booting stage, gather in hay curing or wear into hay meal and preserve utilization, the 2nd, can be standby with the method storage of ensiling.
Four, the construction of sheep planting number and orchard periphery sheepfold
1, sheep planting number: can produce 4000 kilograms, bright herbage the whole year by every mu of theatre, can supply with 2 adult ewes or the forage standard of 3 mutton sheep whole years calculates.Herbage is all interplanted in the theatre of 100 mu can the adult sheep 200-300 head of stable breeding.
2, the construction of orchard periphery sheepfold
Can build in the more smooth place of orchard periphery.Drylot feeding is the basic feeding manner of sheep, and sheep hurdle should be selected to sit in the north facing the south, 10-15 degree by east, high and dry, the well-drained place of physical features.Every of general stud ram is taken up an area 1.5-2.0 square metre, and every occupation of land of gestation or wet sheep is 1.2-1.6 square metre, every 0.5-0.6 square metre of standby male and female sheep.Can build according to concrete cultivation quantity.It is rainy that sheep is raised district's humidity, and summer is hot, therefore will carry out heatstroke prevention protection against the tide, carries out male and female, lamb subfield is raised, and prevents earlier mating, joins excessively, should hive off, subfield raises.
Five, the refuse collection of sheep canopy and fermentation
1, sheep canopy refuse collection
(1) collection method
With instruments such as creepers, directly the refuse collection of sheep canopy is packed in dustpan or hand rubbish car, send fermentation hole.
(2) acquisition time
Annual collection twice, spring, autumn are respectively once.Spring, autumn was by the end of September to early October by the end of April to the first tenday period of a month in May.
2, the harmless treatment of sheep canopy rubbish
(1) fermentation hole layout
For ease of operation, the suitable address in orchard should be selected in fermentation hole, and reasonable layout, sets up one to be advisable with every 30 mu of orchards, and keeps certain distance with production management room.
(2) fermentation hole specification
Fermentation Keng Yi garden barrel shape, for well, is cheated dark 1.5 meters of left and right, 10 square metres of left and right of area, and make with cement in hole, and the end, hole and sidewall are answered preventing water leakage, on hole with good conditionsi, build ceiling.
(3) fermentation condition
Fermentation initial temperature is normal temperature, and in fermentation process, heap temperature can keep more than 50 ℃ naturally, and fermentation time is 50-60 days.Fermentation initial humidity is generally 60%-65%, and during fermentation ends, humidity general approximately 60%.
(4) fermentation auxiliary material ratio
By every 50 kilograms of sheep canopy rubbish in entering fermentation hole time, the ratio of putting 1 kilogram of colza cake or soya-bean cake.
(5) fermentation
Added sheep canopy rubbish after colza cake or soya-bean cake and in fermentation hole, be piled into after the high 1.8 meters～Cylinder of 2.0 meters, with nylon film, whole sheep canopy junk-heap body seal, and at the end, hole around with clod just starting after nylon film compacting to ferment.Ferment after 50-60 days, the abundant slaking of sheep canopy rubbish, obtains applying the organic manure in orchard.
By the normal time, the sheep canopy rubbish of the adult ewe in 2, base or 3 mutton sheep annual outputs, after harmless treatment, can provide 60% of orchard, one mu of hillside organic manure.
After processing, the fertilizer of gained generally waits until that apply orchard after the fallen leaves of orchard winter.Not enough fertilizer is supplied by conventional fruit fertilizer special for organic.
The sheep caprophyl that fruit fertilizer special for organic for example can select aloof bio tech ltd, Suzhou to produce is fertile.
Six, sweet pears superior quality cultivation technique is pressed (Xu Mingfang, the Xu Chunming such as Xu Mingfang, emerald green hat pears High efficiency and high quality cultivation technology, " orchard worker's friend ", o. 11th in 2008) described High efficiency and high quality cultivation technology is implemented, (Chen Ling, Sun Wei, the Sun Yongming etc. such as Chen Ling are pressed in sheep cultivation, the cultural technique of sheep, " livestock culturing ", the 17th phase in 2006) described sheep cultural technique execution.
Seven, theatre, 100 mu of hillside adopts the output value of said method
Implement the ecological circulation pattern of orchard breeding combination, by calculation of price in 2012,100 mu of orchards can produce 120,000 kilograms of green sweet pears, and per kilogram, by 6 yuan, adds up to 780,000 yuan; Can stable breeding grow up 250 of sheep of herbage are all interplanted in the theatre of 100 mu, and 400 tons of bright grass are provided, and 10 tons, hay, can solve 70% of the annual feed of sheep, saves 40,000 yuan of feed costs.The sheep excrement of sheep can, for 85% of orchard fertilizer demand, be saved 50,000 yuan of fertilizer costs (containing cost of transportation).Wherein, can sell every year 100 of mutton sheeps, average every goes out 22.5 kilograms of meat (pressing 30 yuan-40 yuan of per kilograms), and 80 yuan/, sheepskin, counts 800 yuan, adds up to 80,000 yuan; Sell 100 of kind of sheep, 500 yuan/head of every meter, adds up to 50,000 yuan; 100 mu of orchard kind pears sheep raising ecological circulation patterns can be taken in 1,000,000 yuan altogether, and average every mu can reach 10,000 yuan, and theatre, current Zhejiang area average output value is in 6000 left and right.More than income was by calculation of price in 2012.
Finally, it is also to be noted that, what more than enumerate is only several specific embodiments of the present invention.Obviously, the invention is not restricted to above embodiment, can also have many distortion.All distortion that those of ordinary skill in the art can directly derive or associate from content disclosed by the invention, all should think protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. orchard, hillside kind grass sheep raising circulation pattern implantation methods, is characterized in that:
Utilize the lady's-grass grass of orchard self-sow and the herbage of interplanting as the matrix feed of cultivation sheep, the sheep canopy rubbish that cultivation sheep produces after harmless treatment as the fertilizer of fruit tree;
Be specially:
1), utilizing the herbage of gap, orchard interplanting is perennial ryegrass;
The ryegrass seed of 1～1.5 kilogram is sowed in every mu of orchard, and the sowing time is that late September is to early October;
When growing to 40～50 centimetres high, perennial ryegrass cuts grass for the first time, once every harvesting in 25～30 days later; After harvesting, the toothing length of perennial ryegrass is 5～8cm;
When growing to 35～45 centimetres high, cuts lady's-grass grass grass for the first time, once every harvesting in 25 days～30 days later; After harvesting, the toothing length of lady's-grass grass is 5～8cm;
2), every mu of supporting mode with stable breeding in orchard cultivates 2～3 bellwethers, every mu of orchard harvesting and perennial ryegrass and lady's-grass grass offer described 2～3 bellwethers as feed;
The annual sheep canopy rubbish twice of collecting, spring, autumn are respectively once; Spring, autumn was for by the end of September to early October for by the end of April to the first tenday period of a month in May;
After each sheep canopy refuse collection, carry out respectively following harmless treatment:
After sheep canopy rubbish and colza cake or soya-bean cake are mixed according to the weight ratio of 50:0.95～1.05, in fermentation hole, be piled into the rubbish heap of Cylinder shape, with nylon film, will after whole rubbish heap sealing, just start spontaneous fermentation; Ferment after 50～60 days, sheep canopy rubbish, by fully slaking, becomes the organic manure that can apply orchard;
Described organic manure will be deposited to the end of the year and is applied orchard as orchard base manure in fermentation hole;
Described sheep canopy rubbish refers to: the excreta that sheep produces and the feed residue of feeding sheep.
2. orchard, hillside according to claim a kind grass sheep raising circulation pattern implantation methods, is characterized in that: described sheep is sheep.
3. orchard, hillside according to claim 1 and 2 kind grass sheep raising circulation pattern implantation methods, is characterized in that:
Before sowing, 1～1.5 kilogram of ryegrass seed is soaked in water 5～8 hours, after picking up and mixing with 19～21 kilograms of Gai Mei phosphorus composite fertilizers after draining, as the sowing material in every mu of orchard;
Described sowing material is evenly sprinkling upon to the soil surface in every mu of orchard, then gently harrows soil, thus on the surface of the seed covers the soil of 0.7～1.3 cm thick.
4. orchard, hillside according to claim 3 kind grass sheep raising circulation pattern implantation methods, is characterized in that: the annual last harvesting of described lady's-grass grass must lady's-grass grass set seeds maturation and land after can carry out.
5. orchard, hillside according to claim 4 kind grass sheep raising circulation pattern implantation methods, is characterized in that:
Perennial ryegrass, lady's-grass grass are carried out to daily management, and described daily management comprises reseeding fills the gaps with seedlings, cuts weeds, applies fertilizer, pours water and diseases and pests controlling.
6. orchard, hillside according to claim 5 kind grass sheep raising circulation pattern implantation methods, is characterized in that:
Fermentation hole of every 30 mu of orchards configuration, fermentation hole is drum type, and hole floor space is 8～12 square metres, and the end, hole and sidewall are answered preventing water leakage.
7. orchard, hillside according to claim 6 kind grass sheep raising circulation pattern implantation methods, is characterized in that:
Every mu of supporting mode with stable breeding in orchard cultivates 2 adult ewes or 3 mutton sheeps.
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